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| موضوع: كتاب Fundamentals of Engineering Science and Technology السبت 28 يناير 2023, 12:52 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Fundamentals of Engineering Science and Technology First Edition Prof.Dr. Turhan KOYUNCU University of Adiyaman, Faculty of Technology, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Adiyaman, Turkey
و المحتوى كما يلي :
viii TITLE PAGE . i DEDICATION . ii ABOUT BOOK . iii ABOUT AUTHOR . v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii CONTENTS . viii-xxxi 1.1 Science 32 1.2 Scientist 32 1.3 Knowledge 32 1.4 Know-How 33 1.5 Brain 33 1.6 Mind 33 1.7 Intellect 33 CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 SOME DEFINITIONSix 1.8 Intelligence 33 1.9 Artificial Intelligence 34 1.10 Reason 34 1.11 Philosophy 34 1.12 Logic 34 1.13 Logy 34 1.14 Thinking 35 1.15 Think Tank 35 1.16 Teamwork 35 1.17 Engineer 35 1.18 Engineering 36 1.19 Reverse Engineering 37 1.20 Technician 37 1.21 Technical Person 37 1.22 Engine (Heat Engine) 38 1.23 Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) 38 1.24 External Combustion Engine (ECE) 38x 1.25 Machine 39 1.26 Motor 40 1.27 Electric Motor 40 1.28 Generator 40 1.29 Technology 40 1.30 Hi-Tech 40 1.31 Robot 41 1.32 Nano-Tech 41 1.33 Industry 41 1.34 Heat 42 1.35 Temperature 42 1.36 Heat Pump 43 1.37 Cooling Machine 43 1.38 Refrigerator 44 1.39 Device 46 1.40 Heat Exchanger 47 1.41 Solar Thermal Collector 47xi 1.42 Photovoltaic (PV) 48 1.43 Photovoltaic Cell (PV Cell or Solar Cell) 48 1.44 Fluid Pump 49 1.45 Light 50 1.46 Lighting 50 1.47 Automotive 50 1.48 Automobile 51 1.49 Vehicle 52 1.50 Electric Vehicle 52 1.51 Solar Vehicle 53 1.52 Hybrid Vehicle 54 1.53 Fuel Cell 54 1.54 Nuclear Battery (Atomic Battery) 54 1.55 Design 56 1.56 Project 56 1.57 Feasibility 57 1.58 5 Problem Solving Steps (ADAMB) 57xii 1.59 5 Golden Steps for becoming Powerful (RSTIP) 58 1.60 Predictions for Future Technology 58 2.1 SI Units, Quantities, Symbols &Conversions 63 Practical Example 2.1 70 Practical Example 2.2 72 Practical Example 2.3 74 Practical Example 2.4 76 Practical Example 2.5 77 Practical Example 2.6 78 Practical Example 2.7 79 Practical Example 2.8 80 Practical Example 2.9 81 Practical Example 2.10 83 CHAPTER 2 SI UNITSxiii 3.1 Dimension, Length, Area & Volume 85 Practical Example 3.1 86 Practical Example 3.2 87 Assumed Example 3.1 88 4.1 Mass & Density 90 Practical Example 4.1 90 Practical Example 4.2 91 5.1 Speed & Velocity 93 Practical Example 5.1 95 Practical Example 5.2 96 Practical Example 5.3 97 CHAPTER 3 DIMENSION, LENGTH, AREA & VOLUME CHAPTER 4 MASS & DENSITY CHAPTER 5 SPEED & VELOCITYxiv Practical Example 5.4 99 Practical Example 5.5 100 Assumed Example 5.1 101 Assumed Example 5.2 102 6.1 Acceleration 104 Practical Example 6.1 104 Practical Example 6.2 106 6.2 Gravity 107 Assumed Example 6.1 107 Assumed Example 6.2 110 7.1 Force & Weight 113 Practical Example 7.1 114 Practical Example 7.2 115 CHAPTER 6 ACCELERATION & GRAVITY CHAPTER 7 FORCE & WEIGHTxv Practical Example 7.3 117 Practical Example 7.4 118 Practical Example 7.5 118 Assumed Example 7.1 119 Assumed Example 7.2 121 Assumed Example 7.3 122 8.1 Pressure 124 Practical Example 8.1 125 Practical Example 8.2 127 Practical Example 8.3 128 Practical Example 8.4 129 8.2 Anemometer 130 Practical Example 8.5 131 CHAPTER 8 PRESSURE & ANEMOMETERxvi 9.1 Pascal’s Machine . 133 Practical Example 9.1 134 9.2 Archimedes’ Principle 135 Practical Example 9.2 136 Practical Example 9.3 140 Practical Example 9.4 141 10.1 Introduction 143 10.2 First Law of Thermodynamics (Principle of Conservation of Energy) 143 Practical Example 10.1 143 Practical Example 10.2 144 Practical Example 10.3 145 Practical Example 10.4 146 Practical Example 10.5 147 CHAPTER 9 PASCAL’S MACHINE & ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE CHAPTER 10 FUNDAMENTAL LAWSxvii 10.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 148 Practical Example 10.6 151 Practical Example 10.7 153 11.1 Definitions 155 11.2 Forms of Energy 155 11.3 Energy Conversions 155 11.4 Potential Energy 156 Practical Example 11.1 157 Practical Example 11.2 158 Practical Example 11.3 159 Practical Example 11.4 161 Practical Example 11.5 162 11.5 Kinetic Energy 164 Practical Example 11.6 165 Practical Example 11.7 166 CHAPTER 11 ENERGY, WORK & POWERxviii Practical Example 11.8 167 Practical Example 11.9 168 11.6 Kinetic Energy of Rotation 169 11.7 Exergy (Work Potential) Associated with Kinetic and Potential Energy 170 Practical Example 11.10 170 Practical Example 11.11 172 11.8 Mechanical Energy 175 11.9 Mechanical Work 176 11.10 Mechanical Storage 178 11.11 Shaft Work . 180 Practical Example 11.12 181 Practical Example 11.13 182 11.12 Spring Work . 183 Practical Example 11.14 184 11.13 Gravitational Work 185 Practical Example 11.15 185 11.14 Accelerational Work 186xix Practical Example 11.16 187 11.15 Boundary Work 188 Practical Example 11.17 190 Practical Example 11.18 191 Practical Example 11.19 193 Practical Example 11.20 194 11.16 Adiabatic (Isentropic, Reversible) Process 195 11.17 Pressure Energy 197 Practical Example 11.21 198 Practical Example 11.22 199 11.18 Pressure Head 200 11.19 Electric Energy 201 Assumed Example 11.1 205 Assumed Example 11.2 206 11.20 Summarization of Basic Principles of Energy, Work & Power 208 Practical Example 11.23 210 Practical Example 11.24 212xx Practical Example 11.25 213 Practical Example 11.26 215 Practical Example 11.27 217 Practical Example 11.28 218 12.1 Momentum 220 Practical Example 12.1 221 Practical Example 12.2 222 12.2 Torque 223 Practical Example 12.3 225 Practical Example 12.4 225 13.1 Power Transmission 227 Practical Example 13.1 228 Practical Example 13.2 230 CHAPTER 12 MOMENTUM & TORQUE CHAPTER 13 POWER TRANSMISSIONxxi Practical Example 13.3 231 14.1 Definition 234 14.2 Pulley 234 Practical Example 14.1 235 14.3 Lever 236 Practical Example 14.2 237 14.4 Force Ratio, Movement Ratio and Efficiency for Simple Machines 238 Practical Example 14.3 239 15.1 Heat 241 15.2 Enthalpy, Sensible Heat & Latent Heat 242 15.3 Heat Transfer 246 Practical Example 15.1 261 15.4 Heat & Work 262 CHAPTER 14 SIMPLE MACHINE CHAPTER 15 HEAT & TEMPERATURExxii 15.5 Temperature 264 Practical Example 15.2 265 Practical Example 15.3 267 Practical Example 15.4 268 15.6 Saturation Temperature (Boiling Point) & Saturation Pressure 270 15.7 General Gas Laws 274 16.1 Natural and Forced Behavior of Energy 278 16.2 Some Needed Basic Reminders 282 16.3 Heat Engines 284 16.4 The Carnot Heat Engine 291 Practical Example 16.1 292 16.5 Heat Pumps & Cooling Machines 295 16.6 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 313 Practical Example 16.2 315 Practical Example 16.3 316 CHAPTER 16 HEAT ENGINES, HEAT PUMPS & COOLING MACHINESxxiii Practical Example 16.4 317 Practical Example 16.5 319 Practical Example 16.6 320 17.1 Efficiencies of Energy Conversions 323 17.2 Efficiencies of Combustion Equipments 324 Practical Example 17.1 329 Practical Example 17.2 332 Practical Example 17.3 334 17.3 Efficiencies of Mechanical and Electrical Devices 336 Practical Example 17.4 338 Practical Example 17.5 340 Practical Example 17.6 341 Practical Example 17.7 342 Practical Example 17.8 343 Practical Example 17.9 345 CHAPTER 17 EFFICIENCY & PERFORMANCExxiv Practical Example 17.10 346 Practical Example 17.11 347 18.1 Basic Electrical Concept 349 Practical Example 18.1 350 Practical Example 18.2 351 Practical Example 18.3 352 Practical Example 18.4 352 18.2 Potential Difference and Resistance 353 18.3 Factors Affecting Resistance 356 Practical Example 18.5 356 18.4 Ohm’s Law 357 Practical Example 18.6 357 Practical Example 18.7 218 Practical Example 18.8 358 18.5 Faraday’s Law 358 CHAPTER 18 ELECTRICITY & CHARGExxv 18.6 Fleming’s Rules 359 18.7 Ampere’s Law 360 18.8 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 361 18.9 Series Electric Circuit Networks 362 Practical Example 18.9 364 18.10 Parallel Electric Circuit Networks 365 Practical Example 18.10 368 18.11 Series-Parallel Combination Electric Circuit Networks . 369 Practical Example 18.11 369 18.12 Integrated Electric Circuits (Networks) 372 18.13 Quantity of Electricity : Electrical Energy and Power 372 Practical Example 18.12 374 Practical Example 18.13 374 Practical Example 18.14 375 Practical Example 18.15 376 Practical Example 18.16 377 Practical Example 18.17 378xxvi Practical Example 18.18 378 Practical Example 18.19 379 18.14 Direct Current (D.C.) and Alternating Current (A.C.) . 380 18.15 Resistance and Conductance 380 Practical Example 18.20 382 18.16 Conductors and Insulators 383 18.17 Basic Electrical Measuring Instruments 384 18.18 Electric Motors and Generators 385 18.19 Electricity Consumption of Some Devices 386 18.20 The Timer Clock 390 Practical Example 18.21 391 Practical Example 18.22 393 18.21 Piezoelectric 394 Practical Example 18.23 396 Practical Example 18.24 396 18.22 Electrolysis of Water 396 Practical Example 18.25 397xxvii Practical Example 18.26 399 18.23 Charge 400 Practical Example 18.27 400 Practical Example 18.28 401 18.24 Electrical circuit symbols 403 19.1 Viscosity 404 Practical Example 19.1 406 19.2 Friction 407 19.3 Coefficient of Friction 408 Practical Example 19.2 409 Practical Example 19.3 410 Practical Example 19.4 411 19.4 Friction Losses in Pipe Flow 412 Practical Example 19.5 422 Practical Example 19.6 423 CHAPTER 19 VISCOSITY, FRICTION & CORROSIONxxviii 19.5 Corrosion 428 Practical Example 19.7 429 20.1 Substances 431 20.2 Strength / Stress of Materials 432 20.3 Some Types of Stress . 435 Practical Example 20.1 435 Practical Example 20.2 436 Practical Example 20.3 438 Practical Example 20.4 440 21.1 Wave, Wavelength, Frequency & Velocity 442 Practical Example 21.1 443 21.2 Sound Waves & Their Characteristics 444 21.3 Electromagnetic Radiation 445 CHAPTER 20 SUBSTANCES & STRENGTH / STRESS OF MATERILAS CHAPTER 21 WAVE & RADIATIONxxix Practical Example 21.2 447 22.1 Optic Fiber & Light Rays 448 22.2 Reflection / Refraction 451 23.1 Design for Sustainability 454 23.2 Innovation Methods & TRIZ 454 24.1 Economic Analysis of Energy 461 24.2 Simple Payback Period of Energy Systems 462 Practical Example 24.1 464 Practical Example 24.2 466 24.3 Economic Viability of Energy Projects 470 Practical Example 24.3 471 CHAPTER 22 OPTIC FIBER, LIGHT RAYS & REFLECTION / REFRACTION CHAPTER 23 SUSTAINABILITY & INNOVATION CHAPTER 24 ECONOMIC ANALYSISxxx Practical Example 24.4 473 24.4 Cost of Solar Energy 475 Practical Example 24.5 479 Practical Example 24.6 482 24.5 Life Cycle Cost of Energy 483 Practical Example 24.7 485 25.1 Basic Working Principle of Human Body 487 25.2 Energy Requirements of Human Body 489 Practical Example 25.1 500 Practical Example 25.2 502 Practical Example 25.3 504 Practical Example 25.4 505 Practical Example 25.5 506 Practical Example 25.6 506 25.3 Healthy Body Weight and BMI 507 CHAPTER 25 BASIC RULES FOR HEALTHY LIFExxxi 25.4 Healthy Nutrition and Food Pyramids 509 25.5 Healthy Eating Plate & Healthy Eating Pyramid 518 25.6 Antioxidants 521 25.7 Dieting . 523 25.8 Decreasing of Body Activities and Common Causes of Death 524 REFERENCES . 528-550 INDEX . 551-567551 ABSORBED DOSE 72 ACCELERATION 70 ACCELERATION WORK 186 ADIABATIC PROCESS 195 ALTERNATING CURRENT (A.C.) 380 AMPERE 350 AMPERE’S LAW 360 ANEMOMETER 130 ANGULAR ACCELERATION 104 ANGULAR VELOCITY 93 ANTIOXIDANTS 521 ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE 135 AREA 86 INDEX A552 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 34 ATOM 349 AUTOMOBILE 51 AUTOMOTIVE 50 BELT 227 BIRD SCARER 401 BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) 507 BOUNDARY WORK 188 BOYLE’S LAW 274 BRAIN 33 CALORIES OF SOME SERVINGS 449 CARNOT EFFICIENCY 265 CARNOT HEAT ENGINE 291 B A C A553 CHAIN 227 CHARGE 350, 400 CHARLE’S LAW 275 COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP) 313 COMBINED ELECTRIC CIRCUIT 369 COMPRESSIVE STRESS 437 CONDUCTANCE 380 CONDUCTION 246 CONDUCTORS 383 CONVECTION 246 COOLING MACHINE 43, 295 CORROSION 428 COST OF SOLAR ENERGY 475 COULOMB 349 CURRENT 349 CURRENT LAW 361554 DALTON’S LAW 276 DECIMAL PREFIXES 69 DENSITY 90 DESIGN 56 DEVELOPMENT 454 DEVICE 46 DIETING 523 DIMENSION 85 DIRECT CURRENT (D.C.) 380 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 461 ECONOMIC VIABILITY 469 EFFICIENCY 172, 323 EFFICIENCY OF COMBUSTION EQUIPMENTS 324 D B E B555 EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES 336 EFFICIENCY OF MECHANICAL DEVICES 336 ELECTRIC MOTOR 40, 385 ELECTRIC VEHICLE 52 ELECTRIC RESISTANCE 72 ELECTRIC ENERGY 201, 372 ELECTRICITY 349 ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT SYMBOLS 403 ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 384 ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION OF SOME DEVICES 379, 386 ELECTRIC POWER 372 ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER 396 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 445 ELECTRON 349 ENERGY 208, 278 ENERGY CONSERVATION PRINCIPLE 143 ENERGY CONVERSIONS 155556 ENERGY FORMS 155 ENGINE (HEAT ENGINE) 38 ENGINEER 35 ENGINEERING 36 ENTHALPY 242 EXERGY 170 EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 38 FARADAY’S LAW 358 FEASIBILITY 57 5 PROBLEM SOLVING STEPS (ADAMB) 57 5 GOLDEN STEPS FOR BECOMING POWERFUL (RSTIP) 58 FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 143, 282 FLEMING’S RULES 359 FLUID PUMP 49 FOOD CALORIE 489 F557 FOOD PYRAMIDS 509 FOOD SERVING SIZES & EQUALS 498 FORCE 71, 113 FREQUENCY 72 FRICTION 407 FUEL CELL 54 GAINLESS ENERGY 170 GAS LAWS 274 GEAR 227 GENERATOR 40, 385 GRAVITATIONAL WORK 185 GRAVITY 107 HEALTHY BODY WEIGHT 507 G B H B558 HEALTHY EATING PLATE 518 HEALTHY EATING PYRAMID 518 HEALTHY NUTRITION 509 HEAT 42, 241 HEAT EXCHANGER 47 HEAT ENGINE 284 HEAT PUMP 43, 295 HEAT TRANSFER 246 HEAT & WORK 262 HI-TECH 40 HORSEPOWER (HP) 83 HUMAN BODY ACTIVITY DECREASING 524 HUMAN BODY ENERGY CONSUMPTION 496 HUMAN BODY ENERGY REQUIREMENT 489 HUMAN BODY NEEDED CALORIES 492 HUMAN BODY NEEDED DAILY ENERGY CALCULATION 500 HUMAN BODY WORKING PRINCIPLE 487559 HUMAN DEATH CAUSES 524 HYBRID VEHICLE 54 INDUSTRY 41 INNOVATION 454 INNOVATION METHODS 454 INTEGRATED ELECTRIC CIRCUIT 372 INTELLECT 33 INTELLIGENCE 33 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 38 INSULATORS 383 KILOWATT (kW) 83 KINETIC ENERGY 164 KINETIC ENERGY OF ROTATION 169 I B K B560 KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW 361 KNOW-HOW 33 KNOWLEDGE 32 LATENT HEAT 242 LENGTH 86 LEVER 236 LIFE CYCLE COST OF ENERGY (LCC) 483 LIGHT 50 LIGHTING 50 LIGHT RAYS 448 LINEAR ACCELERATION 104 LINEAR VELOCITY 93 LOGIC 34 LOGY 34 LOSSES IN PIPE 412 L B561 MACHINE 39 MASS 90 MASS DENSITY 71 MECHANICAL ENERGY 175 MECHANICAL STORAGE 178 MECHANICAL WORK 176 MIND 33 MOMENTUM 220 MOTOR 40 NANO-TECH 41 NEUTRON 349 NUCLEAR BATTERY (ATOMIC BATTERY) 54 M B N B562 OHM’S LAW 357 OPTIC FIBER 448 PARALLEL ELECTRIC CIRCUIT 365 PASCAL’S MACHINE 133 PERFORMANCE 323 PHILOSOPHY 34 PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL (PV CELL OR SOLAR CELL) 48 PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) 48 PIEZOELECTRIC 394 POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE 353 POTENTIAL ENERGY 156 POWER 71, 208 POWER TRANSMISSION 227 O B P B563 PREDICTIONS FOR FUTURE TECHNOLOGY 58 PRESSURE 71, 124 PRESSURE ENERGY 197 PROJECT 56 PROTON 349 PULLEY 234 RADIATION 246 REALISTIC POWER 170 REASON 34 REFLECTION / REFRACTION 451 REFRIGERATOR 44 RESISTANCE 353, 356, 380 REVERSE ENGINEERING 37 ROBOT 41 R B564 SATURATION PRESSURE 270 SATURATION TEMPERATURE 270 SCIENCE 32 SCIENTIST 32 S CURVE 456 SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 148, 282 SENSIBLE HEAT 242 SERIES ELECTRIC CIRCUIT 362 SHAFT WORK 180 SHEAR STRESS 439 SI DERIVED UNITS 66 SIMPLE MACHINES 234 SIMPLE PAYBACK PERIOD (SPP) 462 SI SEVEN BASE UNITS 64 SI SUPPLEMENTARY UNITS 65 S B565 SI UNITS 63 SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR 47 SOLAR VEHICLE 53 SOUND WAVES 444 SPEED 93, 95 SPRING WORK 183 STRENGTH / STRESS OF MATERIALS 432 SUBSTANCES 431 SUSTAINABILITY 454 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 454 TEAMWORK 35 TECHNICIAN 37 TECHNICAL PERSON 37 TECHNOLOGY 40 TEMPERATURE 42, 264, 282 T B566 TENSILE STRESS 435 THINKING 35 THINK TANK 35 TIMER CLOCK 390 TORQUE 71, 223 TRIZ 454 UNAVAILABLE ENERGY 170 VEHICLE 52 VELOCITY 70, 93, 95 VOLUME 86 VOLUME DENSITY 71 VOLTAGE 353 VISCOSITY 404 U B V B567 WAVE 442 WAVE FREQUENCY 442 WAVE LENGTH 442 WAVE VELOCITY 442 WEIGHT 113 WORK 208 W B
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