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| موضوع: كتاب Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook - Volume VIII - Plastic Part Manufacturing الإثنين 27 يونيو 2022 - 16:58 | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook - Volume VIII - Plastic Part Manufacturing FOURTH EDITION A reference book for manufacturing engineers, managers, and technicians Philip E. Mitchell,CMfgT Handbook Editor Produced under the supervision of the SME Publications Resources Committee VOLUME VIII-PLASTIC PART MANUFACTURING
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Symbols and Abbreviations . xi Design for Manufacturability . Material Selection - Selection of Manufacturing Methods - Dies, MoldsandTooling . - Extrusion Equipment and Processing Techniques . InjectionMolding . - BlowMolding . - Thermoforming - Lamination - RotationalMolding . - Casting . - Foamprocessing . - Compression and Transfer Molding Fiber Reinforced Processing - DipMolding . - Finishing. Fabrication and Assembly - Quality Control. Assurance and Improvement . - Plant Engineering and Maintenance - Management . - Appendix A.-Professional Organizations and Resources . A- AppendixB.-Glossary B- Index . - A-B ABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate ABFA Azobisformamide ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ABS/PVC Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/polyvinyl chloride (blend) AC Alternating current ACS Acrylonitrile, chlorinated polyethylene, and styrene ADC Allyl diglycol carbonate AEC Atomic Energy Commission AFC Automatic frequency control AMMA Acrylonitrile/methyl methacrylate AN Acrylonitrile ANSI American National Standards Institute APPSS Amorphous polyphenylene sulphide sulfone ASA Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile ASR Automotive shredder residue ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATBN Amine terminated nitrile rubber ATH Aluminum trihydrate AVP Added-value polymers BA Butyl acrylate BCB Bisbenzocyclobutene (monomers) BDO Butanediol BeCu Beryllium copper BMC Bulk molding compound BMI Bismaleimide BOPE Biaxially oriented polyethylene BOPP Biaxially oriented polypropylene BOPS Biaxially oriented polystyrene BPO Benzoyl peroxide Br Bromine BR Butadiene rubber Btu British thermal unit BUR Blowup ratio C-D-E C Carbon, Celsius C-PET Crystallized polyethylene terephthalate CA Cellulose acetate CAB Cellulose acetate butyrate CaCO Calcium carbonate CAD Computer-aided design CAD/CAM Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing CAE Computer-aided engineering CAFE Corporate average fuel economy CAID Computer-aided industrial design CAM Computer-aided manufacturing CAP Cellulose acetate propionate CAS Chemical abstract service CASING Cross-linking by Activated Species of Inert Gases CB Carbon black CBA Chemical blowing agent cc Cubic centimeter CE Concurrent engineering CEF Controlled environment foaming CF Cresol-formaldehyde CFC Chlorofluorocarbons CIM Computer-integrated manufacturing Cl Chlorine CLTE Coefficient of linear thermal expansion cm Centimeter CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose CMMS Computerized maintenance management system CN Cellulose nitrate (celluloid) CNC Computer numerical control COE Coefficient of expansion COF Coefficient of friction CP Cellulose propionate CPE Chlorinated polyethylene CPET Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate CPVC Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride CR Chloroprene rubber CS Casein CSA Canadian Standards Association CSG Constructive solid geometry approach CSM Chopped-strand mat CTA Cellulose triacetate CTBN Carboxyl-terminated nitrile rubber CTFE Chlorotrifluoroethylene Cu Copper CVD Chemical vapor deposition D Derivative DAC Diallyl chlorendate DAF Diallyl fumarate DAIP Diallyl isophthalate DAM Diallyl maleate DAOP Diallyl orthophthalate DAP Diallyl phthalate DBP Dibutyl phthalate DC Direct current DCF Directed-chopped fiber DCP Dicapryl phthalate DEHP Di ( -ethylhexyl) phthalate DFM Design for manufacturability DFMEA Design failure mode and effects analysis DGEBA Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A DIBK Diisobutyl ketone DIDA Diisodecyl adipate DIDP Diisodecyl phthalate DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung DINP Diisononyl phthalate DIOA Diisooctyl adipate DIOP Diisooctyl phthalate DMDI Diphenylmethane diisocyanate DMT Dimethyl terephthalate DNP Dinonyl phthalate xi SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS The following is a list of symbols and abbreviations in general use throughout this volume. Supplementary and/or derived units, symbols, and abbreviations that are peculiar to specific subject matter are listed within chapters.DOA Dioctyl adipate DoD Department of Defense DOE Design of experiments DOI Gloss, distinctness of image DOP Dioctyl phthalate DOS Dioctyl sebacate DOT Department of Transportation DOZ Dioctyl azelate DPCF Diphenyl cresyl phosphate DPG Diphenylguanidine DPM Discrete polymer modifier DPOF Diphenyl -ethylhexyl phosphate DSC Differential scanning calorimetry DTUL Deflection temperature under load DWV Drain, waste, and vent EA Ethylene acid (copolymer) EAA Ethylene-acrylic acid EAU Energy-absorbing unit EB Electron beam EBA Ethylene butyl acrylate E-beam Electron beam EBXL Electron beam cross-linking EC Ethyl cellulose ECTFE Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene EDD Engineering design database EDM Electrical discharge machining E/E Electronic/electrical EEA Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer EG Ethylene glycol EHA Ethylhexyl acrylate EMA Ethylene methacrylate acid, electromagnetic (bonding) EMAA Ethylene methacrylic acid EMAC Ethylene methacrylic copolymer EMF Electromotive force EMI Electromagnetic interference, -ethyl- -Methylimidazole EnBA Ethylene n-butyl acrylate EP Epoxy resin or epoxide EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPC Ethylene propylene copolymer EPDM Ethylene-propylene-diene rubber EPM/EPDM Ethylene-propylene monomer/ethylene propylene diene monomer EPR Ethylene-propylene rubber EPS Expanded polystyrene ESCA Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis ESCR Environmental stress crack resistance ESD Electrostatic discharge ESR Electroslag remelt, electron-spin resonance spectroscopy ETE Engineering thermoplastic elastomer ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene EtO Ethylene oxide EV Efficient vulcanization EVA Ethylene-vinyl acetate EVOH Ethylene-vinyl alcohol F-G-H-I-J-K F Fluorine FAA Federal Aviation Administration FDA (U.S.) Federal Drug Administration FDM Fused deposition modeling Fe Iron FEA Failure effect analysis FEP Fluorinated ethylene-propylene or perfluoro(ethylene-propylene) copolymer FF Furan formaldehyde FIM Full indicator movement FMA Failure mode analysis FMEA Failure mode and effect analysis FN Flexible nylon fpm Feet per minute FR Flame (or fire) retardant; fiber-reinforced FRE Fiberglass-reinforced epoxy FRP Fiber-reinforced plastic FSE Fracture surface energy ft Foot (measure) FTC First time capability g Gram gal Gallon Ge Germanium GIM Gas-injection molding GMT Glass mat thermoplastic GOP Grille opening panel GPC Gel-permeation chromatography GR&R Gage repeatability and reproducibility GRE Glass-reinforced epoxy GRP Glass-reinforced plastic GRS Gamma radiation sterilization h Hour H Hydrogen HALS Hindered amine light stabilizers HAO Higher alpha olefin HC Hydrocarbons HCFC Halogenated chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCL Hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride HDPE High-density polyethylene HDT Heat distortion temperature He Helium HFC Hydrofluorocarbon HIPS High-impact polystyrene HLMI High-load melt index HMW High-molecular weight HMW/HDPE High-molecular weight/high-density polyethylene HP High performance, horsepower HPIM High-pressure impingement mixing HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography HPO Hydrogen peroxide HQEE Hydroquinone di (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether HR High resilience HTS High-temperature superconducting HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HVLP High volume low pressure Hz Hertz I Iodine I/O Input/output IGES Initial graphics exchange standard IM Injection molding IMFS Injection molding flow simulation in. Inch in. Square inch xiiin. Cubic inch IR Infrared ISO International Organization for Standardization ISTA International Special Tooling Association J Joule kg Kilogram kPa Kilopascal L-M-N LC Liquid chromatography LCB Long-chain branching LCM Liquid-composite molding LCP Liquid-crystal polymer L/D Length-to-diameter ratio LDPE Low-density polyethylene Li Lithium LIM Liquid-injection molding LLDPE Linear low-density polyethylene LLE Liquid-liquid extraction LMMS Laser microprobe mass spectroscopy LOI Limiting oxygen index LOM Laminated-object manufacturing LP Low pressure LPA Low-profile additive LPE Linear polyethylene LPG Liquified petroleum gas LPMC Low-pressure sheet molding compound m Meter m Cubic meter MAPS Measurement assurance programs MBS Methacrylate-butadiene styrene MDA Methacrylate dianiline MDI Diphenylomethane- , ’-diipocyanate MDPE Medium-density polyethylene MEK Methyl ethyl ketone MEKP Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide MF Melamine-formaldehyde MFR Melt flow rate MH Mooney high (viscosity) MI Melt index MIBK Methyl isobutyl ketone ML Mooney low (viscosity) MMA Methyl methacrylate MMW Medium-molecular weight MN MegaNewton MOMBE Metal organic molecular beam epitaxial MoS Molybdenum disulfide MPIF Metal Powder Industries Federation MPR Melt-processable rubber MPS Mean particle size MRF Materials recovery facility MRP Material requirement planning MSDS Material safety data sheets MUD Master unit die MVA/SME Machine Vision Association of SME MW Molecular weight MWD Molecular weight distribution NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NBR Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber NC Numerical control NCO Nitrogen-carbon oxygen NIR Near-infrared NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NO Nitric oxide NURBS Nonuniform rational B splines O-P-Q-R O Oxygen OBPA Oxybisphenoxarsine OBSH , ´-oxybis (benzenesulfonylhydrazide) OD Outside diameter OEE Overall equipment effectiveness OEM Original engineering manufacturer OPP Oriented polypropylene OPS Oriented polystyrene OSA Olefin-modified styrene acrylonitrile OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PA Polyamide (nylon) PAA Polyacrylic acid PAEK Polyaryletherketone PAI Polyamide-imide PAK Polyester alkyd PAN Polyacrylonitrile (fibers) PAR Polyarylate PAS Polyaryl sulfone PB Poly- -butene, polybutylene resin PBA Physical blowing agent PBAN Polybutadiene-acrylonitrile PBS Polybutadiene-styrene PBT Polybutylene terephthalate (polyester) PC Polycarbonate PC/ABS Polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (alloy) PCBN Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride PCDP Polydicyclopentadiene PC/PBT Polycarbonate/polybutylene terephthalate (alloy) PCR Postconsumer resins PCTFE Polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene or polychlorotrifluoroethylene PE Polyethylene PEBA Polyether block amide PEEK Polyetheretherketone PEI Polyetherimide or polyester imide PEK Polyetherketone PEKK Polyetherketoneketone PEL Permissible exposure limits PELS Polymer exposure limit standards PEO Polyethylene oxide PE/PS / polyethylene/polystyrene PES Polyethersulfone and polyestersulfone PET Polyethylene terephthalate (polyester) PETG Polyethylene terephthalate glycol PEVA Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol PF Phenol-formaldehyde PFA Perfluoroalkoxy resin PFF Phenol-furfural PFMEA Process failure mode and effects analysis PGE Planetary gear extruder PHDF Polyhalogenated dibenzofurans PHDP Polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins PI trans- , -type of Polyisoprene (Polyimide) xiiiPIB Polyisobutylene PID Proportional integral derivative PI/PAI Polyimide/polyamide imide PITA Polymer inflation thinning analysis PL Parting line PLC Programmable logic controller PLI Pounds per lineal inch of web PM Preventive maintenance PMA Phosphomolybdate acid PMCA Poly(methyl—chloroacrylate) PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic) PMP Polymethyl pentane or poly( -methylpentene- ) POM Polyoxymethylene (polyacetal) PP Polypropylene PPE Polyphenylene ether PPE/PPO Polyphenylene ether/polyphenylene oxide PPH Parts per hour PPI Polymeric polyisocyanate ppm Parts per million PPO Polyphenylene oxide PPO/E Polyphenylene oxide/ether PPO-EPS Polyphenylene oxide-expanded polystyrene PPO/PS Polyphenylene oxide/polystyrene PPOX Polypropylene oxide PPS Polyphenylene sulfide PPSU Poly(p-phenylene sulfone) PRI Plasticity retention index PS Polystyrene PSA Pressure sensitive adhesives PSU Polysulfone PTA Phosphotungstic acid PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene PTMEG Polytetramethylene glycol PU Polyurethane PUR Polyurethane PVA Polyvinyl alcohol PVAC Polyvinyl acetate PVC Polyvinyl chloride PVCA Polyvinyl-chloride acetate PVD Physical vapor deposition, polyvinyl dichloride PVDC Polyvinylidene chloride PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride PVF Polyvinyl fluoride PVFM Polyvinyl formal PVK Poly(n-vinylcarbazole) PVP Poly( -vinylpyrrolidone) PWDS Programmable wall thickness distribution QA Quality assurance QC Quality control QC/QA Quality control/quality assurance QFD Quality function deployment QMC Quick mold changing R&D Research and Development RBU Roll buildup RC or RC Rockwell C RCF Refractory ceramic fiber Re Reynolds number RF Radio frequency RFI Radio frequency interference RH Relative humidity RIM Reaction injection molding RM Raw materials RMS Root mean square, runnerless molding system RP Reinforced plastic, rapid prototyping RPBT Reinforced polybutylene terephthalate RP/C Reinforced plastics/composites RPET Reinforced polyethylene terephthalate rpm Revolutions per minute RPVC Polyvinyl chloride, rigid RRIM Reinforced reaction injection molding RTC Room temperature curing RTD Resistance temperature detector RTM Resin-transfer molding RTP Reinforced thermoplastic RTV Room temperature vulcanizing RVP Reid vapor pressure S-T-U-V SAN Styrene-acrylonitrile SAX Small angle x-ray SB Styrene butadiene SBR/BR Styrene-butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber SBS Styrene-butadiene styrene SCR Silicon-controlled rectifier SEBS Styrene-ethylene/butene-styrene sec Second (time) SEC Size exclusion chromatography SEM Scanning electron microscope SF Structural foam SFMEA Systems failure mode and effects analysis SFPM Surface feet per minute Si Silicon SIC Standard industrial classification SLA Stereolithography SMA Styrene maleic anhydride SMC Sheet molding compound SMS Styrene/-methylstyrene SPC Statistical process control SPI The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. SPPF Solid phase pressure forming SQC Statistical quality control SRIM Structural reaction injection molding SRP Styrene-rubber polystyrene SSIMS Static secondary ion mass spectroscopy SSSE Solid state shear extrusion STAT Sheet thinning analysis (for) thermoforming STEL Short-term exposure limits STPE Styrenic thermoplastic elastomer TAC Triallyl cyanurate TCE Trichloroethylene TCEF Trichloroethyl phosphate TCP Tricresyl phosphate TCPP Trichlorolethylene TDI Toluene diisocyanate TEEE Thermoplastics elastomer, ether-ether TEO Thermoplastics elastomer, olefinic TES Thermoplastics elastomer, styrenic TFE Tetrafluoroethylene Tg Glass-transition temperature TGA Thermogravimetric analysis TGC Tool and gun cleaner THF Tetrahydrofuran TiN Titanium nitride TIR Total indicator reading xivTLV Threshold limit value TMA Thermomechanical analysis TMC Thick molding compound TOF Trioctyl phosphate TPA Terephthalic acid TPE Thermoplastic elastomer TPES Thermoplastic elastomers, styrenic TPM Total productive maintenance TPO Thermoplastic polyolefin (elastomers) TPP Triphenyl phosphate TPPE Thermoplastic polyester TPR Timed pressure release TPU Thermoplastic urethane TPUR Thermoplastic polyurethane TPV Thermoplastic vulcanizate TPX Poly( -methylpentene- ) TQC Total quality control TQM Total quality management TQP Total quality philosophy TREF Temperature rising elution fractionation TSSC (P-)toluenesulfonyl semicarbazide TTE Tooth-to-tooth error TWA Time-weighed averages UF Urea-formaldehyde UHF Ultra-high frequency UHMW-PE Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene UL Underwriters’ Laboratories ULDPE Ultra low-density polyethylene UP Unsaturated polyester UPC Uniform plumbing code USDA United States Department of Agriculture UV Ultraviolet UVA UV absorbers V Volt VA Vinyl acetate VAE Vinyl acetate-ethylene (copolymers) VCM Vinyl chloride monomer VDC Vinylidene chloride VLDPE Very-low-density polyethylene VOC Volatile organic compound VPF Variable-pressure foaming W-X-Y-Z WAXS Wide angle x-ray scattering WBL Weak boundary layer WEDM Wire EDM WR Woven roving XLPE Cross-linked polyethylene XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy yd Cubic yard yr Year SYMBOLS Å Angstrom INDEX A A-stage, - Abbreviations, (see front section of book) Abrasion resistance testing, - Accelerating, - Accountability, - Accumulator, - Accumulator head, - (Fig. - ) Acetate, - Acid copper bath, - Acronyms (see Appendix B) Acrylic, - , - , - Adapter (extrusion), - Addition reactions, - Adhesion, - Adhesion and paintability, - (Table - ), - Adhesion layers, - Adhesives, - Aerospace, - Aftermixer, - , - (Fig. - ) Aging, - Air blower for conveying raw materials, - (Fig. - ) Air blowerivacuum pump for conveying raw materials, - (Fig. - ) Air blow-off, - Air knife, - Air ring, - Air stripper, - Alarm outputs, - Aliasing, - Aliasing patterns, - (Table - ) Allophanate, - (eq. ) Alloys by supplier, trade name, and key properties, - (Table - ) Aluminum for sonic horns, - Aluminum molds, - Amine, - Amount of consumed plastics, - (Table - ) Analytical process development, - Angel hair, - , - (Fig. - ) Anisotropy, - Annealed, - Annealing, - Annular breaker plate, - Annular snap, - (Fig. - ) Antifog coatings, - Antiglare coatings, - Antistatic coatings, - Apparentibulk density, - Apparent modulus, - Appearance, - Applications in the automotive industry, - Applications of plastics to product types, - ABS, - Alloys, - (Table - ) markets, - construction, - consumer products, - electricalielectronic, - packaging, - transportation, - polymers, - electromagnetic welding, - design considerations, - design freedom, - Assembly, - Assembly (cont.) joint design, - materials for work coils, - process, - types of work coils, - work coil design, - bolt-nut combination, - fasteners for composite materials, - mechanical fasteners, - acceptance testhuyoff procedure, - application, - environmental issues, - inspection benefits, - machine interfaces, - material handling, - operator interface, - other responsibilities, - other system issues/requirements, - part inspection, - production process, - system reliability/availability, - ultrasonic welding, - alternative methods, - basic rules, - decorative patterns, - maintenance, - microprocessor, - operation, - pitfalls, - reasons to use, - safety, - troubleshooting, - ultrasonic applications, - hand welding, - inspecting, testing, and evaluating welds, instructions for specific materials, - speed welding, - tacking, - types, - welding flexible thermoplastics and fasteners, - requirements checklist, - welding, - - tank-lining materials, - welds, - basic rules, - equipment, - related equipment and accessories, - Assembly techniques, - , - (Fig. - ) ASTM electroplating standards, - (Table ASTM tests, - (Table - ) Atomic model, - (Fig. - ) Atomic weight, - Attrition grinders, - Automatic tuning, - Automotive, - Autoseal tip, - Auxiliary equipment (Dip Molding), - Auxiliary equipment (Extrusion), - - ) general equipment, - blender, - dryer, - gravimetric feed system, - grinder, - melt pump, - scrap reclaimers, - screen changer, - Auxiliary equipment (Extrusion) (cont.) static mixer, - textured rolls, - process control, - control panel, - Auxiliary equipment (Injection Molding), - barrel temperature controllers and replaceimproving barrel temperature control, new materials, - cavity pressure sensors, - closed-loop control, - control equipment selection, - interfacing controls to the machine, - monitoring equipment selection, - sensor selection, - insulator sheets, - cost effectiveness, - selection, - uniform thickness, - controlling temperature, - power controllers, - variety of unique currents, - ment, - - runnerless temperature control systems, - B B-spline andNURBS curves, - (Fig. - ) B-stage, - , - B-type mix head, - (Fig. - ), - Back pressure, - , - Baldrige award, - Ball milling, - Ball-type nonreturn mechanism, - , - pig. Band saw, - Barrel - , - Barrel temperature, - Barrier coatings, - Barrier ridge in Maddock section, - (Fig. - ) Barrier screw, - (Fig. - ) Barrier screw for metallocenes, - (Fig. - ) Basecoats for deposition, - Batch process, - Bend-back test (pipe), - Bending test, - Bibliography pig. - ) - ) blow molding, - casting, - compression and transfer molding, - design for manufacturability, - dies, molds, and tooling, - extrusion equipment and processing techfiber reinforced processing, - finishing, fabrication, and assembly, - foam processing, - injection molding, - lamination, - management, - material selection, - quality control, assurance, and improvement, selection of manufacturing methods, - niques, - - Binder, - , - - INDEX Biocompatibility, - Biodurabilityhiodegradability, - Biological environment, - (Table - ) Biomaterials, - Biomedical polymers, - classifications, - class I, - class , - class , - Blade horn, - Blemishes, - Blending and mixing, - Blends, - Blinded (screen clogged), - Block copolymers, - Block foam machine, - (Fig. - ) Blood components, - (Table - ) Blow mold assembly, - (Fig. - ) Blow mold layout, - (Fig. - ) Blow-mold neck ring, - Blow mold venting details, - (Fig. - ) Blow mold wall and draft angle, - (Fig. Blow-molded car seat, - (Fig. - ) Blow-moldeddrum fitting, - (Fig. - ) Blow-molded parts with hinges, - (Fig. - ) Blow molder size and capacity, - (Table - ) Blow molding, - , - to - design considerations, - extrusion blow molding, - machine types, - extrusion equipment, - extrusion stretch blow molding, - designs, - (Fig. - ) additives, - Block, - - ) single-stage process, - two-stage process, - history, - injection blow molding, - injection blow-molding equipment, - applications, - process characteristics of injection blow molding, - types of injection blow-molding machining, - introduction, - manufacturing considerations, - materials, - new developments, - terms, - types, - Blow-molding characteristics of various materiBlow needle, - Blow pin, - Blow ratio, - , - Blowing agents, - Blown-film die, - (Fig. - ) Blown-film die for metallocenes, - (Fig. Blown-film equipment and operating cost, - als, - (Table - ) - ) a-frame assembly, - air ring, - blowup ratio, - coextrusion dies, - cooling ring, - corona discharge, - processing metallocene resins, - Blown-film equipment and operating cost (cont.) die and adapter, - die assembly, - internal bubble cooling, - monolayer dies, - heat zones, - relaxation plenum, - slitting and winding, - system operation, - Blown-film extrusion, - , - , - (Fig. Blown-film line, - (Fig. - ) Blowup ratio, - Blushing, - Body-in-white, - Boiling water adhesion test, - Bond properties, - (Table - ) Boost or gate break, - Booster, - Booster time, - Booster unit mounted, - (Fig. - ) Boss types, typical and tall, - (Fig. - ) Bottom plug, - Branched polymers, - Breakdown segments, - Breaker plate, - , - Breaker platehcreen pack, - Brittle, - Bubble, - Building spire, - (Fig. - ) Building utilities, - Bulk molding compound, - (Fig. - ) Bulk properties, - Bull’s-eye effect, - Bumpless transfer, - Buns, - Burst drilfing, - (Fig. - ) Burst test, - Butadiene, - (Fig. - ) Butt, edge, and corner welds, - , - Button mold pressure sensor, - (Fig. - ) - ) BON, - C Cpand C p k , - (eq. I), - (eqs. , ) Cpkwhen the distribution is shifted, - (Fig. C-stage, - Calculating colorant ratios, - Calculating process potential, - - ) computing c p k , - summary, - Calendering process, - , - (Fig. - ) Cam bars, - Cantilever snap, - (Fig. - ) Carcinogenicity, - Carousel machines, - Carpet underlay, - bonded foam, - prime foam, - CASING process, - Cast dies, - Cast film and sheet, - direct backing, - advantages and disadvantages, - chill rolls, - Cast-film extrusion system, - (Fig. - ) Cast film line, - , (Fig. - ) Casting, - , - to - acronyms, - acrylics, - autoclaves, - casting now, - making an acrylic sheet, - old method, - polishing, - tubes and rods, - epoxy, - foams, - glossary, - molds, - phenolics, - polyester, - polystyrene, - polyurethanes, - process, - silicones, - synthetic stone, - Casting materials, - (Table - ) Casting mold assembly, - (Fig. - ) Casting molds, - mold materials, - aluminum, - brass, - electroformed metal molds, - glass, - low fusing eutectic alloys, - melamine formaldehyde, - paper and cardboard, - plaster, - steel, - wax, - wood, - positive mold making, - hydrocolloids, - plastic sheets, - reinforced polyester, - RTV silastics, - synthetic latex, - vacuum-formed molds, - Casting process, - , - Catalyst, - , - , - Catenoidal horn, - Cause-and-effect diagram, - (Fig. - ) Causes of cycles, - (Table - ) Causes of grouping, - (Table - ) Causes of mixtures, - (Table - ) Causes of strays, - (Table - ) Cavities, surface areas comparison, - (Fig. Cavity and forces, - Cavity pressure curve, - (Fig. - ) CDC pumping system, - (Fig. - ) Center turret winders, - (Fig. - ) Chain alignment, - (Fig. - ) Chain conveyers, - Chart - ) c, - (Fig. - ) np, - (Fig. - ) p , - (Fig. - ) u, - (Fig. - ) X-bar and R, - (Fig. - ) Chase, - Chemical reactions resulting in stepwise polymers, - (Table - )INDEX Chemical recycling of polyurethanes, - Chemical resistance, - Chemical tests, - Chemistry, - , - (Table - ) amorphous or crystalline, - atomic structure, - basic chemistry, - biodegradability, - causes of hardness in the water supply, compounds in chemistry, - temperature, - zinc, - - pH, - corrosion, - covalent bonds, - environmental considerations, - ionic bonds, - metallic bonds, - molecular weight, - nylon, - periodic table, - polycarbonate, - polyethylene, - polyethylene terephthalate, - polyethylene-vinyl alcohol, - polymer reactions, - polypropylene, - polystyrene, - polyurethane, - polyvinyl chloride, - polyvinylidene chloride, - recycling, - chemical modification of mixed plastic identification and separation, - other plastics, - polyester, - rules of bonding, - secondary bonds, - toxic and hazardous materials identification, treatment and disposal of spent acid and wastes, - - neutralizing solutions, - acid solutions, - alkali (base) solutions, - Chopped-fiber part fabrication, - (Fig. Chopped-strand mat, - (Fig. - ) Chroma, - Chromic acid pretreatment on polypropylene, Chromium plating bath, - Clamp force, - , - (Fig. - ) Clamp pressure, - Clamp system in closed position, - (Fig. Clamp system in open position, - (Fig. - ) Clamp tonnage, - Clarity versus barrier performance, - (Fig. Class-A surface, - Classification of polymers and end use, - Classifying polymer processes, - (Table - ) Cleaning of materials, - , - Cleaning, preservation, and storage of metal molds and mold parts, - - ) - (Fig. - ) - ) - ) (Table - ) Cleaning, preservation, and storage of metal molds and mold parts (cont.) equipment maintenance, - government standards for waste discharge, life cycle of plastics, - mechanics of corrosion, - corrosion data, - preventing corrosion, - storage considerations, - types of corrosion and causes, - methods for cleaning steel mold parts, - cleaning a mold’s water circuit, - cleaning small mold parts, - ferrous steels, - mixing instructions for mold cleaner solution, - stainless steel and nonferrous metals, washing mold plates, - water system pressure test, - - - Cleavage line pattern, - pig. - ) Climb milling, - (Fig. - ) Cloth mat process, - (Fig. - ) COzlaser cavity, - (Fig. - ) Coat hanger dies, - Coating of parts, - , - (Tables - to Coatings, - , - (Table - ) - ) adhesion, - basic principles, - difision theory, - adhesion promoters, - cleaning plastics, - aqueous stages, - types, - nature of substrate surface, - molding conditions, - stress measurements, - coating SMC, - conductivity, - elimination of surface defects, - predicting pits and porosity, - chemical, - mechanical, - summary, - base, - clear, - cross-linking technologies, - electron beam and ultraviolet curing, environmental constraints (selecting compliant coatings), - nonpolluting coatings, - one- and two-component systems, - powder coatings, - primers, - supercritical carbon dioxide-based coatings, - Coefficient of h e a r thermal expansion (CLTE), Coextruded products, - Coextrusion feedblock, - reasons, - surface pretreatments, - types, - - - Cold Cut, - Cold flow, - Cold molding, - Cold slug well, - CollapsingA-frame assembly, - Collapsing frame, - Collecting performance data, - Collecting with multiuser system, - Color, - calculating for colorant ratios, - cost factors, - factors in choosing a colorant, - characteristics, - concentration, - food packaging, - product end use, - resins and processing, - resistance characteristics, - glossary, - methods, - concentrates, - dry, - extrusion, - liquid thermosets, - powdered thermosets, - dispersions and agglomerates, - blacks and browns, - inorganic reds, - inorganic violets, blues, and greens, - inorganic yellows and oranges, - organic reds, - organic violets, blues, and greens, - organic yellows and oranges, - whites, - selection, - types, - Colorant ratios, - (eqs. to ) Combination hodcold-runner system, - Combination material, - pig. - ) Commodity plastics, - Common mistakes (DFM), - color variance, - creep, - gate marks, - inadequate draft, - shrinkage, - sink marks, - stress, - applied stress, - hostile environment, - molded-in stress, - summary, - unanticipated use, - Common packaging applications, - (Table Comparison - ) Capital costs and production rates, - (Table - ) materials, - (Fig. - ) metal-removal processes, - (Fig. RIM and injection molding, - sheet-metal and RTM parts, - (Fig. SMC compositions with steel, - thermoplastic composite properties, Competitive process comparison, - (Table Components identification, - - ) (Table - ) - ) (Table - ) - (Table - ) - ) - INDEX Components of pultrusion machine, - (Fig. Composite, - Composite process considerations, - (Table Composition - ) - ) low-profile SMC, - (Table - ) plastic waste, - (Table - ) Compound, - , - Compressed air for conveying raw materials, - (Fig. - ) Compression molding, - parameters, - (Table - ) troubleshooting, - compression molding, - , - auxiliary equipment, - mold construction, - molding conditions, - molding equipment, - molding process, - compression molding, - , - other methods of molding, - transfer molding, - , - conditions, - methods, - Compression/transfermolding, - to - molding process comparison, - principles of molding, - thermoset plastics molding, - transfer molding, - , - conditions, - design, - equipment, - pellets, - processes, - Compression versus transfer molding, - Computers as management tools, - (Table - ) characteristics, - conclusions, - process, - analyzing data, - inputs, - multiuser outputs, - process control system, - cell reporting, - garbage control, - integrating cell inputs, - justification of cell controllers, - processing cell control data, - inputs, - production systems, - Outputs, - Computer-supervised system, - Concrete lining, - Concurrent engineering flow path, - (Fig. - ) Condensation, - , - Conditions on a test plaque, - (Table - ) Cone created with stereolithography, - (Fig. Confirmation run test parameters, - (Table Conforming anodes, - Conical tack-offs, - (Fig. - ) Conservative design, - Consumer products, - Contact heat pressure-forming machine, - - ) - ) (Fig. - ) Contact heat thermoforming process, - pig. Contact heating, - Continuous chip formation - ) chip, - chip with a built-up edge, - process, - screeners, - approach for improvement, - definitions and tools for continuous imgeneral continuous improvement, - features, - Continuous quality improvement outline, - provement, - Continuous roll-fed process, - factors affecting accurate trimming, - heating, - unwind systems, - web transport, - how die choice dictates the equipment used, - economic implications, - scrap ratio, - trim quality, - secondary operations, - blister sealing, - decorative parts, - heat sealing, - post-trimming, - printing, - rim rolling, - additional topics, - mold-related topics, - techniques for special applications, - Control technique guidelines, - Control unit, - Convection and radiation heat loss values for Converging and diverging dies, - , - (Fig. Conveying systems, - Coolant rates for turbulent flow, - (Table Cooling, - Cooling paths for temperature control, - (Fig. - ) Cooling time, - Copolymerization components of ABS, - Copolymers, - Copper-nickelalloy, - Core match speed, - Core rods, - , - (Fig. - ) Core speed, - Core travel, - (Fig. - ) Cored-out cross-sections, - (Fig. - ) Coring environmental conditions, - Coring for nominal wall thickness, - (Fig. Coring wall sections, - (Fig. - ) Corner radii, - (Fig. - ) Corner strip weld, - Corona discharge plasma, - Corotating and counterrotating twin screws, - Cost of milling for mold finishing, - (Fig. Cost structure in mold manufacturing, - steel, - (Table - ) - ) - ) (Fig. - ) - ) (Fig. - ) - ) (Table - ) Costs of design, - Countersunk holes for rivet installation, - (Fig. - ) Coupling distance of a single-turn coil, - (Fig. - ) Creaming, - Creams, - Creep, - Critical path equipment, - Cross-link, - , - Crosshead dies, - Crushed core, - Crystal structures, - Crystalline surface characteristics, - Crystallize, - Crystals in plastics, - (Fig. - ) Cull, - Cure, curing, - , - , - Cure versus appearance for rotationally molded parts, - (Table - ) Cushion, - Cushion cylinder, - Customer and molder relationship, - (Fig. - ), - (Fig. - ) Cutter, - Cutting, - Cutting speeds, - (eq. I , ) Cycle efficiency, - Cycle preparation, - (Fig. - ) Cycle time, - Cycle time adjustments, - Cycle time and cost estimation (Dip Molding), Cycles, - , - (Fig. - ) - cost estimation (Dip Molding), - cycle times (Injection Molding), - (Table efficiency, - preparation, - (Fig. - ) time, - time adjustments, - Cylinder metering units, - Cylindrical horn, - - ), - D D dimension, - Damage by environment, - Deckling, - Deep-draw blow molding, - (Fig. - ) Defects per unit, - (Table - ) Deformation under load, - Degating, - Degrees, - (Table - ) Deming method, - Dental waxes, - Design considerations (Blow Molding), - blow ratio and thickness variation, - round parts, - dimensional control, - mounting tabs, inserts, hinges, and internonsymmetrical parts or details on parts, parting line and draft angle, - structural and cosmetic considerations, - locks, - - Design considerations (DFM), - (Table -I), - - INDEX Design considerations (DFM) (cont.) bosses, - holes and impressions, - mass production, - positioning, - snap design, - various snap designs, - shaping the part, - draft factors, - judging the radius, - surface factors, - the rib, - dimensions, - wall thickness, - coring, - the thinner, the better, - Design considerations (Dip Molding), - Design considerations (Extrusion), - tolerances, - gear pumps, - grooved feed compared to smooth bore, - Design costs, - Design for manufacturability, - to - approaches, - conservative, - fastest-to-market, - highest-risk, - business environment, - common mistakes, - concurrent engineering defined, - considerations, - cost control factors, - DFM inputs, - early supplier involvement, - cradle-to-grave costs, - information sources, - molder and customer interface with CAD/CAM, - multifunctional teams, - problems without DFM, - project management, - rapid prototyping, - rules and guidelines, - software, - technology tools, - CAD/CAM technology, - CAD data transfer, - CAD modeling methods, - CAE, - CAM, - history of surfacing, - modelmaking methods, - NURBS-based surfaces, - solid modeling, - D wireframe, - D wireframe, - time-based program management, - one-stop-shop concept, - time-to-market issues, - competitive advantages, - traditional relationships, - positive trends, - Design generators, - Design guidelines (Rotational Molding), - angles, - corners, - drafts, - flatness, - holes, - Design guidelines (Rotational Molding) (cont.) inserts, - multi-wall parts, - ribshosses, - textured surfaces, - threads, - tolerances, - undercuts, - wall thickness, - Design influence on manufacturing cost, - Design methodology, - (Fig. - ) Design of experiments, - (Fig. - ) types, - center points, - effects and resolution, - replication and randomization, - two-level fractional factorial designs, two-level full factorial designs, - - Design ofparison head, - (Fig. - ) Design of rib base, - (Fig. - ) Design resolution, - Design to production process, - (Table - ) Designing with software, - environmental design, - part design optimization, - optimization methodology, - stereolithography models, - appearance, - assembly, - decorating, - moldability, - part features, - part function, - simplification, - part features, - appearance, - assembly, - decorating, - DFM checklist, - moldability, - simplification, - part factors, - part function, - technology tools, I - benefits, - D plastic analysis, - gas flow analysis, - heat transfer analysis, - process optimization, - shrinkage analysis, - structural analysis, - warpage analysis, - Diagnostic evaluation, - Die, - , - , - Die body, - Die comparisons, - (Table - ) Die design (Extrusion), - Die gap and land profile for metallocenes, - Die position to prevent parison bending, - Die swell/effects, - (Table - ) Dies, molds, and tooling, - to - (Fig. - ) (Fig. - ) design basics, - design for manufacturability, - hot sprue bushings, - inserts, - Dies, molds, and tooling (cont.) material path, - number of cavities, - parting line, - runners and gates, - shrinkage, - side actions, - slides, - sprue bushing, - three-plate mold, - two-plate mold, - vents, - water lines, - design considerations, - flow analysis, - heat transfer, - cooling methods, - heating methods, - material, - metallurgical aspects, - aluminum, - carbon, - chromium, - cobalt, - manganese, - molybdenum, - nickel, - production mold materials, - prototype mold materials, - silicon, - sulfur, - steels for mold frames, - titanium, - tool materials and applications, - vanadium, - mold improvements, - mold operation and optimization, - mold plating, - other considerations, - ejection system, - hand-loaded inserts, - unscrewing molds, - part design, - bosses, - material, - other features, - radii, - ribs, - tolerances, - walls, - press information, - clamping force, - knockout-bar spacing, - minimum and maximum mold thickness, platen size and clamping hole pattern, shot size, - tie bar spacing, - preventive maintenance, - qualification, - record keeping, - Diffusion pump, - (Fig. - ) Dimensional stability, - Dimensions, - Dimer, - Dip mold process using manual steps, - (Fig. Dip molding, - to - - - - )INDEX Dip molding (cont.) applications, - auxiliary equipment, - cycle time and cost estimation, - design considerations, - improvements and developments, - machine controls, - maintenance, - materials, - material requirements, - metal tools, - order of operations, - process, - production equipment, - safety, - selection criteria, - troubleshooting, - Dip molding automated equipment (side view), Dip molding automated equipment (top view), Dip molding compared to injection molding, Dippers, - Dipping, - Dipping mandrel for use with molten eutectic alloys, - (Fig. I - ) Direct drive extruders, - Direct-positive-type compression mold, - , Directed-chopped-fiber, - (Fig. - ), Discharge time of treated plastics, - (Fig. Discoloration, - Distributedpower patterning, - Divergent die, - Doctor blade, - Doctor box, - Double-endedovens, - , - (Fig. - ) Double-flighted barrier screw, - (Fig. - ) Double-flighted screws, - Draft angles, - (Fig. - and Fig. - ), Drape vacuum forming, - Drawdown, - Dressing and repairing welds, - Drill characteristics, - (Fig. - ) Drilling, - Drop weight impact test, - (Fig. - ) Dry-off, - Dry powder laminating line, - (Fig. - ) Drying, - , - Dual-lip air ring for metallocenes, - (Fig. Ductile, - Dynamic mixers, - - (Fig. - ) - (Fig. - ) - (Table - ) - (Fig. - ) - (Fig. - ) - ) - , - - ) E E-beam, electron beam, - Economics, - Effluent limitations, - (Table - ) Ejection distance, - Ejection time, - Ejector blade, - Ejector pin placed at a protrusion, - (Fig. Elastic modulus equals slope, - (Fig. - ) Electrical and electronic applications, - Electrical heating, - Electrically operated forming press, - (Fig. Electroless plating, - Electromagnetic induction heating, - (Fig. Electromagnetic welding process, - , - Electronic applications of vacuum-deposited Electrostrictivetransducers, - Elevating EMA temperature, - Embedment, - Emulsion polymerization, - Encapsulated, - End milling-slotting, - (Table - ) Energy consumption of processes, - (Fig. Energy director, - (Fig. - ) Energy director versus shear joint, - Energy required to heat a mold, - (eq. ) Energy requirements, - (eq. ) Engineered plastics, - Engineering properties, - Environmental changes, - (Table - ) Environmental stress cracking, - Epoxide resins, - Epoxy castings, - case study, - blending, - cross-linking, - diluent effects, - features, - hardeners, - types, - Equipment, - drying, - grinding, - lubrication, - - ) (Table - ) - ) - ) (Fig. - ) metals, - (Table - ) - ) EPOXY, - examples, - removal and recycling, - reuse and additives, - status indicators, - survey, - use of codes, - material loading, - mixing, - Equipment analysis, - Equipment maintenance, - developing the task, - considerations, - task ownership, - diagnostic tool needs, - lubrication, - organizing equipment, - critical areas, - equipment inventory, - planning preventive maintenance, - auditing the process, - determining the objectives, - equipment analysis, - the plan, - program evaluation, - Equipment maintenance (cont.) records control, - tracking the system, - developmentof routes, - guidelines, - types of routes, - Equipment operation and maintenance (Extrusion), - barrel, - base, - cleaning small parts, - dies, - head, - heatingicooling, - initial start-up stage, - motor, - records, - reduction gear, - screws, - spare parts, - system shutdown, - with purging compound, - without purging compound, - take-offs, - thrust bearing, - warm-up, - reset zones, - Equipment selection and material handling, - equipment size, - location, accessibility, and serviceability, - material handling, recycling, - granulating runners, sprues, and gates, mixing regrind, - pellets, - removal of finished product, - robotics, - secondary operations and packing, - storing, shipping, and identifying finmechanical, electrical, and building services, miscellaneous equipment, - process- and production-monitoring sysprocess changes, - - ished product, - - tems, - changing molds, - cleaning equipment, - reducing maintenance costs, - cost of repair personnel, - financial considerations, - safety and environmental considerations, service equipment, - - Equivalent flows, - Etching, - Eutectic alloys, - Exotherm, - , - Expanded design options, - Exponential cone horn, - Exterior-weathering coatings, - External sizing systems, - (Fig. - ) Externally heated runnerless molding, - (Fig. Extruded films and sheets, - Extruder screw, - Extruders, - - ) - INDEX Extruding sheet, - pig. - ) Extruding sheets and film, - (Fig. - ) Extrusion blow-molding equipment, - auxiliary equipment, - blowing section, - head tooling size, - machine types, - maintenance, - mold design and construction, - parison-forming section, - screw design, - trimming section, - process control, - Extrusion blow-molding process, - (Fig. - ) Extrusion coating, - Extrusion equipment and processing techniques, - to - auxiliary equipment, - barrel, - blown film equipment and operating cost, blown-film process, - cast film sheet, - drive and motor, - extruder description, - extrusion dies, - feed throat, - film winders, - gearbox, - grooved-feed extruder, - head zone, - - avoiding contamination, - coextrusion feedblock, - gates, - gear pump, - melt pressure, - mixers, - temperature measurement, - valve, - material considerations, - new developments, - operation and maintenance, - principles of extrusion, - process design considerations, - profile, - safety, - screw, - troubleshooting, - special screw designs, - Extrusion line (profile view), - (Fig. - ) Extrusion line (top view), - (Fig. - ) Extrusion principles, - Extrusion stretch blow molding, - Extrusion welding, - F Fabric, - Fabricated fittings, - Face milling, - (Table - ) Facility layout, - buildings, - conformance to needs, - blow molding, - calendering, - casting, - cold forming, - cold molding, - Facility layout (cont.) compounding, - compression and transfer molding, - extrusion, - injection molding, - rotational molding, - thermoforming, - plant requirements, - product-handling equipment, - raw material storage and handling, - support areas, - Factorial experiment, - (Table - ) Falling dart test, - (Fig. - ) Fan gate, - (Fig. - ) Fastener for composite materials, - (Fig. Feed, - , - (eg. , ) Feed screw, - Feed zone, - Feeding the rod, - Female mold, - (Fig. - ) Female mold-billow plug assist, - Female mold-billow snap back, - (Fig. - ) Female mold-plug assist, - , - (Fig. - ) Female mold plugs, - FEP fluorocarbon, - , - Fiber changes during braiding, - (Fig. Fiber-reinforced plastic, - , - Fiber-reinforced processing, - , - to - - ) - ) autoclave molding, - centrifugal casting, - filament winding, - glossary of terms, - hand lay-up, - methods, - pressure bag molding, - property design, - pulforming, - pultrusion, - , - reinforced plastics, - resin transfer molding, - spray-up, - structural reaction injection molding, - vacuum bag molding, - Filament winding process, - (Fig. - ) Filler, - , - , - Fillet welds, - Fillets and ramps, - (Fig. - ) Film, - Film blocking, - Film width and thickness control, - , - Film winders, - center-type, - greater horsepower, - lay-on roll, - predetermining counter, - roll diameter limits, - design considerations, - drive calculations, - electronic controllers and feedback loops, - haul-off assemblies, - other terms, - surface winder, - achieving tension, - film blocking, - film overfeed, - uneven winding, - Film winders (cont.) tension control, - constant tension, - microprocessor-controlled, - self-centering dancers, - taper winding, - Films and resin cost of metallocene, - Film’s bubble and die diameters (blowup ratio), Final mold base size, - (Fig. - ) Final set points (extrusion), - (Table - ) Finishing, fabrication, and assembly, - to - (Fig. - } - assembly, - basics, - buffing plastics, - chip formation, - coolants, - drilling, - laminates, - milling, turning, routing, and planing, - processing, - sawing, - stereolithography, - tapping and threading, - thermoplastics, - thermosets differ from thermoplastics, - thermosetting, - tooling, - cutting with lasers, - electromagnetic welding, - fasteners, - machining plastics, - preparation and finishing, - requirement checklist, - ultrasonic welding, - welds, - ’ Finishing the weld, - First-piece qualification, - Fisheyes, - Fixtures, - Flame polished, - Flame process, - Flash, - , - , - Flash-type compression mold, - (Fig. - ) Flat film, - Flat sheet dies, - Flat-top bun modification, - (Fig. - ) Flat-top foam, - (Fig. - ) Flexural properties, - (Fig. - ) Flexural strength, - Flow analysis, - Flow, - three-dimensional, - two-dimensional, - advantages, - steps, - Flow coating, - Flow distributor, - Flow manifold, - Fluorescent microscopy, - Fluorocarbons, - Foam equipment, - , - (Fig. - ) metering units, - high-pressure machines, - low-pressure machines, - mix heads, - INDEX Foam equipment (cont.) high-pressure mixing, - low-pressure mixing, - process control systems, - raw material supply, - temperature control, - adhesive types, - Foam fabrication, - composite products, - flame bonding, - hot-melt systems, - latex adhesives, - powder, - solvent-based rubber or urethane systems, - thermoplastic urethane films, - dielectric sealing, - lamination, - trimming, slitting, and cutting, - bandknife slitters, - baumer slitters, - carousel slitters, - die cutters, - hot-wire cutters, - log peelers, - profile cutters, - routers, - Foam machines, - block foam machines, - foam configuration, - molded foam machines, - slab stock foam machines, - Foam molds, - crushing, - fixturing, - mold carriers, - mold releases, - mold temperature, - Foam processing, - to - basic chemistry, - carpet underlay, - chain extension, - conveying systems, - cross-linking, - filler usage, - foam equipment, - foam machines, - foam molds, - foam production methods, - gas formation, - introduction, - rigid foam laminate board lines, - troubleshooting, - closed pour, - open pour, - Foam production methods, - fioth, - Foam system, - (Fig. - ) Foam types, - recycling foam, - automotive shredder residue, - chemical recycling, - filler usage, - rebond foam, - reticulated foam, - Foamed material, - Foams, - Forming methods, - pig. - ) Forming press toggle moving platen, - (Fig. Formulas - ) c chart, - (Table - ) IndividualX and moving-range chart, - np chart, - (Table - ) p chart, - (Table - ) target X-bar and R chart, - (Table - ) u chart, - (Table - ) X-bar and R chart, - (Table - ) X-bar plot point, - (Fig. - ) (Table - ) Four-station injection blow molding, - (Fig. Fractional factorial design, - (Table - Fragmented project team problem, - (Fig. Free-draw vacuum forming, - , - pig. - ) Free pressure forming-heavy-gage sheet, - Frequency record, - (Table - ) Frost line, - , - Froth carpet coating line, - (Fig. - ) Full factorial experiment, - (Table - ) Full-round versus trapezoidal runner, - (Fig. Functionality, - Fundamentals of plastics and polymers, - differences, - polyester, - butadiene, - polyethylene, - Fused deposition modeling, - Fuzzy logic, - , - - ) and Table - ) - ) (Fig. - ) - ) G Gage bands, - Gage capability, - Gas and power control unit, - Gas-assist injection molding, - molding machine requirements, - process basics, - product applications, - product considerations, - reasons to use gas-assist, - spillovers, - tooling considerations, - Gas effects on epoxy coating adhesion, - Gas formation, - (eq. , ) Gate, - , - , - pig. - ), - Gate close time, - Gate placement, - (Fig. - ) Gate size, - Gating, - Gating and venting a cap, - (Fig. - ) Gear pump, - Gel, - Gel coat, - , - , - Gelation, - Geometric patterns, - (Fig. - ) Geometry of turning cutting tool, - (Table Glass-fiber cloth mat, - (Fig. - ) Glass mat thermoplastic, - Glass transition temperature, - (Table - ) - ) Glass tubes, - Glitter, - Gloss meter, - (Fig. - ) Glossary (see Appendix ) Glow discharge plasma, - Grinder, - Grooved barrels, - Grooved-feed extruder, - pig. - ) Glossy, - flight depths, - no added heat, - Grouping, - Grouping and strays, - (Fig. - ) Guillotine shear, - (Fig. - ) - H - Hairpin coil, - (Fig. - ) Hand gun, - (Fig. - ) Hand welding flat and corner strip, - Hanging conveyer, - Hard coatings, - Hardness, - , - Hazardous wastes, - Head, - Heat deflection temperature, - Heat losses, - (eq. and eq. ) Heat mold-die assembly, - (Fig. - ) Heat profile, - (Table - ) Heat removed from the mold, - (eq. ) Heat resistance, - Heat-sealed package, - (Fig. - ) Heat sealing, - Heat transfer constants, - (Table - ) Heated head, - Heater ammeters, - Heater bake-out, - Heating methods, - Hevea brasiliensis, - High-impact polystyrene, - High-pressure impingement mixing, - High-pressure lance cylinder (RRIM) machine, High-pressure (RIM) machine, - (Fig. - ) High-stalk bubble, - High-temperature PVC, - Histograms, - (Fig. - ) Hobbing, - Hold time (cushion time), - Holding (secondary) pressure, - Hopper, - Horizontal cleavage lines, - (Fig. - ) Horn materials, - Hot-gas welding, - , - Hours to build (molds), - Hue, - Hull cell, - Humidity, - Hydraulic clamp system, - pig. - ) Hydraulic system temperature control, - Hydraulically operated mold carrier, - (Fig. Hydrocolloid, - Hydrogenation products, - (Fig. - ) Hydroquinone, - - (Fig. - ) Hot Cut, - - ) - INDEX I IGES transfer, - (Fig. - ) Impact resistance loss, - Impact strength, - Impact test, - (Fig. - ), - In-line sputtering, - In-line trimming, - (Fig. - ) In-mold coating, - In-plant compounding system for an injection Incorrect clamp force, - Indexing, - Indexing chain, - (Fig. - ) Individual X and moving-range chart, - Industrial blow molding, - Information transfer, - Initial injection distance, - Initial injection time, - Initial pressure, - Injectionblow mold advantages, - Injection blow molding, - (Fig. - ) Injection blow-molding equipment, - molder, - (Fig. - ) (Fig. - ), - (Table - ) tooling, - parison neck ring, - Injection cylinder with heating bands, - (Fig. Injection hold distance, - Injection hold time, - Injection manifold systems, - Injection-molded fittings, - Injection molding, - to - auxiliary equipment, - determining costs, - final part cost, - operational costs, - tooling costs, - evolutionof the industry, - comparison to other processes, - screw versus plunger, - - ) industry overview, - machine, - pressure, - purpose, - screw, - screw output, - shear rate, - sizing the clamp unit, - sizing the injection unit, - amorphous versus crystalline, - cost versus performance, - fillers and reinforcements, - melt flow and processibility, - minimizing molded-in stress, - material selection, - mold design, - processing, - product design, - proper material use, - molding process parameters, - clamp unit, - distance, - identifying the parameters, - pressure, - pressure required, - temperature, - time, - nontraditional technologies, - Injection molding (cont.) reaction injection, - runnerless, - structural foam, - traditional injection molding, - troubleshooting, - Injection molding operation, - (Fig. - )) Injection molding parameters, - (Fig. - ) Injection pressure and speed, - Injection screw, - (Fig, - ) Injection stretch blow molding, - Innovation and creativity, - Inputs and computer systems, - Insert molding, - (Fig. - ) Inserts, - (Fig. - ) Insulated runner molds, - Insulated runner system, - (Fig. - ) Insulation blanket, - Integral skin foams, - Intelligence, - Interaction effect, - (Table - ) Interlockingparts, - (Fig. - ) Intermittent blow molding, - (Fig. - ) Intermittent process, - Internal bubble coating, - Inversion, - Ion, - Ion gun sputtering, - Ionic bonds, - (Fig. - ) IS requirements, - Table - ) IS standards, - (Table - ) ISO-equivalent standards, - (Table - ) Isocyanate, - (eq. ) Isocyanate group, - (eq. ) Isotope, - J Jackscrews and pullers, - Jig frame, - Joint configurations, - (Fig. - ) Joint void ratios, - (Fig. - ) Junk, - K Kaizen, - Kanban, - Kinematic viscosity of water, - (Table - ) Kiss-offribbing, - Knife-like forged die, - (Fig. - ) Knockout rods, - L L-type mix head, - (Fig. - ) Labor charges, - Lamellae, - Lamellar injection molding, - , - (Fig. - ) cost-performance benefits, - other considerations, - Laminar airflow, - Laminate, - Lamination and coatings, - to - coatings, - decoration, - hot stamping, - dies, - foils, - stamping presses, - tooling, - metal deposition, - multilayer processes, - painting plastics, - application procedures, - considerations, - application equipment, - conveyers, - final check, - off-load area, - on-load area, - ovens, - paint and paint mix area, - pretreatmenticleaning, - cleaning, - cures, - equipment, - formulations, - means of application, - potential disadvantages of coating systems, - substrates, - testing after curing, - testing before application, - types of coatings, - Lamination line for foam, - (Fig. - ) Lance cylinder, - (Fig. - ) Landed-positive-type compression mold, - , Landfill composition, - (Fig. - ) Landfill constituents, - (Table - ) Lap and lap-strip welds, - , - Large- and low-blow ratio, - (Fig. - ) Laser beam path, - (Fig. - ) Laser disadvantages, - Laser machining, - (Fig. - ) Laser processing advantages, - Latex, - , - Layered modeling methods, - (Table - ) Lay-flat area, - Lay-flat width, - Lead-lag, - LIM process, - (Fig. - ) Linear polymers, - Lining materials, - Liquid gas-assist injection molding, - Locating male mold cavities, - (Fig. - ) Locked-up four-quadrant drive, - Long flow lengths, - Longitudinal roughness, - (Fig. - ) Loss function, - , - (eqs. to ) start-up checklist for paint spray lines, - transparent coatings, - - (Fig. - ) derivation, - analyzing process capability, - assessment, - uses, - Low-pressure, - Low-pressure mix head stirrers, - (Fig. - ) Low-pressure sheet molding compound, - Low-profile additive (LPA), - Luminous transmittance and haze, - INDEX Machine controls (Dip Molding), - Machine layout, - (Fig. - ), - (Fig. Machine rate costs, - Machine types (Rotational Molding), - clamshell, - open-flame, - rock and roll, - shuttle, - swing, - turret, - vertical wheel, - - ) Maddock section, - Magnetostrictive transducers, - Magnetron sputtering, - (Fig. - ) Main effect, - Maintenance (Dip Molding), - Maintenance sheet, - (Fig. - ) Maintenance sheet-injection parameters, - Maintenance sheet-press parameters, - Making a product, - (Fig. - ) Male mold, - (Fig. - ) Male mold-billow plug, - (Fig. - ) Male mold-snap back, - (Fig. - ) Management, - to - computers as tools, - contract review, - corrective action, - design control, - (Fig. - ) (Fig. - ) concurrent engineering, - quality function deployment, - document control, - equipment selection and material handling, facility layout, - inspection and testing, - inspection, measuring, and equipment, - control of nonconforming product, - gage repeatability and reproducibility, inspection and test status, - - - internal quality audits, - operations, - other programs, - packaging, storage, handling, and delivery, personnel skills, - process control, - product identification and traceability, - purchaser-supplied product, - purchasing and supplier quality, - quality records, - quality system, - responsibility and the cost of quality, - safety, - servicing, - statistical techniques, - IS , - - design of experiments and capability studies, - training, - Management and system issues, - Mandrel, - Manifold assembly, - (Fig. - ) Manufacturing considerations (Blow Molding), - product cost, - safety, - Manufacturing cost, - (Fig. - ) Manufacturing criteria, - color, - die swell, - measuring crystallinity, - molecular weight, - processibility, - properties, - raw materials and final product, - safety concerns, - summary, - cost, - mechanical properties, - Markoff prevention, - (Fig. - ) Masking, - Mastication, - Mat, - Match metal trimming, - (Fig. - ) Matched molds, - (Fig. - ) Material considerations (Extrusion), - abrasive thermoplastics, - compounding and pelletizing, - corrosive polymers, - powder and pellets, - tolerances, - Material cost and weight comparison, - Material costs, - Material loading system, - Material requirements (Dip Molding), - Material selection, - to - (Table - ) applications, - biomedical, - chemistry, - coatings, - considerations, - enhancements, - fundamentals, - introduction, - justification for use, - measuring properties, - overview, - selection criteria, - grades and reinforcers, - identify functions, - types and applications, - varied input, - summary
كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net The Unzip Password : books-world.net أتمنى أن تستفيدوا من محتوى الموضوع وأن ينال إعجابكم رابط من موقع عالم الكتب لتنزيل كتاب Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook - Volume VIII - Plastic Part Manufacturing رابط مباشر لتنزيل كتاب Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook - Volume VIII - Plastic Part Manufacturing
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