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| موضوع: كتاب Pneumatics - Basic Level الجمعة 17 يونيو 2022, 7:48 pm | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Pneumatics - Basic Level Peter Croser, Frank Ebel
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Notes on the layout of the book . 8 Section A: Course Chapter 1 – Characteristics and applications of pneumatics . 11 1.1 Pneumatics in review 12 1.2 Pneumatics and control system development 18 1.3 Structure and signal flow of pneumatic systems . 19 Chapter 2 – Components of a pneumatic system 23 2.1 Air generation and distribution 24 2.2 Valves . 27 2.3 Processing elements (processors) 33 2.4 Power components . 34 2.5 Systems 35 Chapter 3 – Symbols and standards in pneumatics 39 3.1 Symbols and descriptions of components 40 3.2 Safety requirements for pneumatic systems . 51TP101 • Festo Didactic Contents Chapter 4 – Methods for the development of pneumatic systems .55 4.1 Development of pneumatic systems 56 4.2 Control chain .57 4.3 Design of the circuit diagram .60 4.4 Circuit layout 61 4.5 Designation of individual elements 62 4.6 The life cycle of a pneumatic system .63 Chapter 5 – Development of single actuator circuits .67 5.1 Direct control of a pneumatic cylinder .68 5.2 Example 1: Direct control of a single-acting cylinder .68 5.3 Exercise 1: Direct control of a double-acting cylinder 70 5.4 Indirect control of a pneumatic cylinder .72 5.5 Example 2: Indirect control of a single-acting cylinder 72 5.6 Exercise 2: Indirect control of a double-acting cylinder .74 5.7 Logic functions: AND, OR 76 5.8 Example 3: The logic AND function .76 5.9 Exercise 3: The logic AND function .79 5.10 Example 4: The logic OR function .81 5.11 Exercise 4: The logic OR function .83 5.12 Example 5: Memory circuit and speed control of a cylinder 85 5.13 Exercise 5: Memory circuit and speed control of a cylinder 88 5.14 Exercise 6: The quick exhaust valve .90 5.15 Example 6: Pressure dependent control .92 5.16 Exercise 7: Pressure dependent control 94 5.17 Example 7: The time delay valve .96 5.18 Exercise 8: The time delay valve .99Festo Didactic • TP101 5 Contents Chapter 6 – Development of multiple actuator circuits . 101 6.1 Control of multiple actuators . 102 6.2 Example 8: Co-ordinated motion 102 6.3 Example 9: Signal overlap 107 6.4 Signal elimination by reversing valves 109 6.5 Example 10: Reversing valve . 109 6.6 Example 11: Reversing valves 112 Chapter 7 – Trouble-shooting of pneumatic systems . 115 7.1 Documentation 116 7.2 The causes and effects of malfunctions 116 7.3 Maintenance . 120 Section B: Theory Chapter 1 – Fundamentals of pneumatics 123 1.1 Physical fundamentals 124 1.2 Characteristics of air . 126 Chapter 2 – Air generation and distribution 129 2.1 Air preparation 130 2.2 Air compressors 131 2.3 Reservoirs . 134 2.4 Air dryers . 136 2.5 Air distribution . 141 2.6 Service unit . 144TP101 • Festo Didactic 6 Contents Chapter 3 – Actuators and output devices 155 3.1 Single-acting cylinders .156 3.2 Double-acting cylinders .158 3.3 Rodless cylinders 164 3.4 Cylinder construction .167 3.5 Cylinder performance characteristics 170 3.6 Motors 176 3.7 Indicators .178 Chapter 4 – Directional control valves .179 4.1 Configuration and construction 180 4.2 2/2-way valve .181 4.3 3/2-way valve .181 4.4 4/2-way valve .193 4.5 4/3-way valve .195 4.6 5/2-way valve .197 4.7 5/3-way valve .200 4.8 Flow values of valves 201 4.9 Reliable operation of valves 202 Chapter 5 – Non-return, flow and pressure valves, valve combinations .203 5.1 Non-return valves 204 5.2 Flow control valves 211 5.3 Pressure valves .216 5.4 Combinational valves 218Festo Didactic • TP101 7 Contents Chapter 6 – Systems . 223 6.1 Selection and comparison of working and control media 224 6.2 Control theory . 227 6.3 Control system development 231 6.4 Development aspects . 240 6.5 Modern pneumatic drives 241 Section C: Solutions Solutions 245 List of standards . 264 List of references 265 Index . 267 Physical values and units . 274 Subject Page 2/2-way valve 181 3/2-way valve 181 4/2-way valve 193 4/3-way valve 195 5/2-way valve 197 5/3-way valve 200 Absorption drying 139 Adsorption dryers 138 Actuators 34 Advantageous characteristics of compressed air 15 Air compressor 131 Air distribution 24, 141 Air dryers 136 Air filter 26, 144 Air lubricator 26, 149 Air motor 176 Air reservoir 134 Air preparation equipment 144 Air supply 24, 129 Analogue control 229 Analysis of problem 65 Applications 11 Asynchronous control 230 Binary control 229 Cylinder performance characteristics 170 Chain sequence control 240 Characteristics of air 126 Check valves 204 Circuit diagram 56, 116, 238 A B C269 Subject Page Clamping devices 51 Combinational valves 218 Comparison of media 16, 224 Components 23 Compressor 131 Compressed air regulators 147 Condensate 119, 144 Control chart 234 Control circuits - Systems 35 Control medium criteria 17 Control system development 55, 231 Control theory 227 Coordinated motion 101, 231 Derived elements 40 Derived units 124 Design process 65 Designating the elements 62 Designations 40 Dew point 136 Diagnostics 117 Diaphragm 147 Diaphragm compressor 131 Diaphragm cylinder 157 Diaphragm valve 212 Digital control 229 DIN ISO5599-3 44 Direct control of a pneumatic cylinder 68 Directional control valves 27, 179 Disc seat 180 Displacement-step diagram 103, 232 Distinguishing features 15 Documentation 116, 231 Double-acting cylinder 158 Double piston rod 160 Dry compressed air 129 Dryers 136 Dual pressure valve: AND function 205 D270 Subject Page Emergency stop 51 End position cushioning 159 Environmental pollution 52 Energy 129 Exhaust silencers 52 Evaluation 65 Fault finding 117 Filters 144 Fitting of valves 201 Flow compressors 132 Flow control elements 180 Flow control valves 30, 211 Flow resistances 141 Fluid muscle 242 Gear motors 177 Gripper, pneumatic 244 Handling technology 242 Idle roller lever valve 192 Implementation 65 Indicators 178 Indirect control of a pneumatic cylinder 72 Input element 58 Junction elements 205 Lettering system 44 Linear actuators 49 Linear motion 155 Logic control 230 Longitudinal slide valve 197 Lubrication 149 E F G H I J L271 Subject Page Maintenance 120, 147 Malfunctions 51, 118 Manifold mounting of valves 240 Memory control system 227 Methods of actuation 45 Modular systems 240 Motors 176 Mounting of roller valves 201 Mounting of cylinders 169 Multiple actuators 102 Multi-position cylinder 241 Noise pollution 16, 52 Non-return elements 47 Non-return valves 27, 203 Oil mist 53 Oil removal 151 Operational safety 53 Optical indicators 178 Optimum pressures 130 Over-lubrication 149 Pilot control system 227 Pipe material 142 Pipe layout 143 Piston force 170 Piston motors 176 Plastic pipes 142 Pneumatics and control system development 18 Pneumatic elements 23 Pneumatics in review 12 Poppet valves 180 Positional sketch 231 Power components 34, 58 Pressure control valves 27, 48, 215 Pressure level 24, 131 Pressure regulator 24, 130 Pressure regulator with/without vent hole 148 Pressure sequence valve 31, 217 Principles of air 124 Processors: Valves and logic elements 33 Product development 18 M N O P272 Subject Page Quick exhaust valve 209 Reciprocating compressor 131 Reliable operation of valves 201 Reservoirs 134 Ring main 143 Riveting process 237 Rodless cylinder 164 Roller lever valve 28, 190 Rotary actuators 50, 163 Rotary motion 156 Rotary piston compressor 132 Safety requirements for pneumatic clamping devices 51 Seals 144, 165 Servo-controlled 190 Selection criteria for working media 17 Selection and comparison of media 224 Sequence control 227 Sequence valves 217 Setting pressure regulator 148 Shut-off valves 211 Shuttle OR valve 207 Signal flow 57 Signal overlap 107 Single-acting cylinder 34, 156 Sizing pipe 141 Slide valves 180 Sliding-vane motors 177 Standards 39 Static output devices 155 Structure 19 Supply air throttling 213 Swivel/linear drive 243 Synchronous control 230 Symbols and descriptions of components 40 System upgrade 66 Systems: Control circuits 35 l Length m m Mass kg t Time s T Temperature K F Force N A Area m2 V Volume m3 qv Volumetric flow rate m3/s p Pressure bar (Pa) A Piston surface m2 A' Annular surface m2 d Piston rod diameter m D Cylinder diameter m Feff Effective piston force N FF Force of retract spring N FR Friction force N Fth Theoretical piston force N n Number of strokes per minute 1/min pabs Absolute pressure bar (Pa) pamb Ambient pressure bar (Pa) pe Excess or vacuum pressure bar (Pa) ∆p Differential pressure bar (Pa) qB Air consumption l/min qH Air consumption per cm of stroke l/cm qL Delivery quantity m3/min qn Nominal flow rate l/min s Stroke length cm t Centigrade temperature °C VB Reservoir size m3 z Switching cycles per hour 1/h Tn Standard temperature Tn = 273.15 K, tn = 0 °C pn Standard pressure pn = 101325 Pa
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