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| موضوع: كتاب Make : Design for CNC - Furniture Projects and Fabrication Technique الجمعة 04 فبراير 2022, 12:27 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Make : Design for CNC - Furniture Projects and Fabrication Technique Anne Filson, Gary Rohrbacher, Anna Kaziunas France with contributions from Bill Young
و المحتوى كما يلي :
CONTENTS Foreword XIII Preface XVII PART I. DESIGNING FOR FABRICATION . 27 01/A MODERN WAY OF MAKING . 29 The Geography of Distributed Making . 29 Why Do CNC Projects Look the Way They Do? . 30 A Very Brief History of CNC Furniture . 33 Join the Revolution . 34 02/END MILL TO FURNITURE COLLECTION . 37 Subtractive Machining 37 End Mills . 37 Drilling . 38 Cutting Laterally 38 The Inside Corner Problem . 38 Fillets . 41 Tool Diameter Matters . 41 Exercise: How to Draw Fillets . 42 Toolpaths 44 Profile Toolpaths 44 Outside Profile 45 Inside Profile 45 Pocket Toolpath . 46 Drill Toolpath . 46 Drawing Smooth Motion 47 Eight Basic CNC Joint Conditions 47 Flat Parts From Sheet Materials . 48 Overlap . 49 Edge to Edge . 49 Edge-to-Edge-to-Edge 50 End-to-Face . 50 End to Face to Edge . 51 CONTENTS iiiThrough 51 Three-Way 52 Four-Way . 52 Assemblies 53 S/Z Joint . 53 Tab Assembly . 54 Hanger Assembly 54 Corner Assembly 55 Foot Assembly 55 Structures . 56 Shear 56 Torsion . 57 Vierendeel 57 Rotational 58 Programs 58 The 5-30 Minute Chair 59 Iteration and Design Frameworks 61 Evolution From the Chair to AtFAB . 62 Rotational Stools 62 Cat in Bag ii Table . 63 90-Minute Lounge Chair 63 One to Several Table . 64 Open Storage Cabinet . 64 Poke Credenza 65 Cellular Screen 65 AtFAB Furniture Collection 65 03/3D MODEL TO 2D PARTS 71 From Design to Fabrication 71 Mise en Place 72 Download Files 72 Layers . 73 Add Layers . 73 Underlays . 74 Draw Sheet Material . 74 Flattening and Layout . 74 Face Right Side Up 74 Consider Grain Direction . 75 Leave Space Between Parts 75 Minimize Material Waste . 76 Flatten and Layout Parts . 76 Components . 76 Create Unique Components 78 Profiles 79 Make 3D Parts into 2D Profiles . 79 iv DESIGN FOR CNCCutting Layers . 80 Assign Profiles to Cutting Layers 80 Export Options . 83 Save as SketchUp 2014 83 Optional: Export a DXF File . 84 04/GETTING STARTED WITH DESIGN . 87 Define a Project Program 88 Ergonomics . 88 Fabrication Constraints 88 File Setup For Design . 88 Layer Naming Conventions . 89 Create File, Add Layers 90 Draw the Cut Sheet Underlay . 91 Massing Model and Stock Material . 92 Create Massing . 93 Model Material Stock 93 Standards Versus Proportions . 94 Refine Massing Dimensions . 94 Schematic Design: Model Parts 94 Copy and Modify Stock, Form Seat 95 Create Bench Sides 96 Add Front and Back Parts 97 Using Reference Lines 98 Form Legs 99 Modeling Feet . 100 Form Feet . 100 Evaluate and Analyze 101 Scale . 101 Iteration . 101 Evaluate and Refine Structure 102 Add a Center Beam . 102 Organize with Components . 103 Define Components . 104 Flatten Model, Layout Parts . 105 Design Development: Joinery . 106 Joinery Organization 106 Draw Seat Reference Lines 107 Draw Sides Reference Lines . 108 Make Joinery . 110 Create Seat Slots 110 Make Joinery on Front 112 Make Joinery on Sides 113 Make Hanger Assembly . 114 Form Foot Assembly 115 CONTENTS vAnalyze Bench Joinery . 117 Evaluate Joints . 117 Design Refinement 118 Evaluate the Overall Design 118 Sniglets and Fasteners . 118 Draw Sniglet and Hole Components 119 Model Sniglets . 120 Model Holes . 122 Visualize and Simulate . 123 PART II. VIRTUAL MEETS PHYSICAL 125 05/PRECISION-FIT PLYWOOD JOINERY 127 Plywood 127 Selecting Materials . 128 Nominal Thickness 129 Calipers . 130 How to Digitally Dial In Joinery Fit . 131 Designed for 19mm Plywood 131 Measure Your Materials . 132 Scale Your CAD File 133 Scaling, Offsetting, and Parameters . 134 Why Scaling Works . 134 Why Offsets Don’t Work . 134 The Parametric Solution 134 Prototyping . 136 Partial Prototypes 136 Test Pieces 136 Scale Prototypes . 137 06/MACHINING FOR DESIGNERS 141 Machining Begins with Material and Tooling 141 Spindles and Speed 142 Chip Formation 142 What Is a Milling Machine? 143 What Is a Router? 143 High-Speed Spindles 143 Machining Variables . 145 Relating Everything to Everything 145 Where to Begin? . 146 CNC Router Anatomy 146 Safety . 147 Workholding Strategies 148 Screws and Clamps . 148 Vacuum Systems . 148 vi DESIGN FOR CNCEnd-Mill Anatomy . 150 Collets . 151 End-Mill Geometries . 152 End Types . 152 Flute Types 153 Feed Direction 154 Conventional Cutting . 154 Climb Cutting 155 Feed Direction Strategies . 155 Ramp Moves and Tabs . 155 Smooth Ramps 156 Spiral Ramps 156 Tabs 156 Pockets 158 Offset . 158 Raster 158 Stepover 159 Depth of Cut 159 Putting It All Together . 160 Troubleshooting 160 07/MODELING SOFTWARE TO MACHINE . 165 From CAD to CAM . 165 Digital/Physical Alignment 166 Units 166 VCarve Pro . 167 Download and Install 168 Open VCarve and Create a New File 169 Job Setup 170 Job Type 170 Job Size . 171 Z Zero Position . 171 XY Datum Position . 171 Design Scaling . 172 Modeling Resoluton . 172 Complete Setup 172 Importing Vectors . 173 Import Stools SketchUp File . 173 Layout of Imported Data 173 Create Circles/Arcs 174 Component/Group Handling . 174 Data to Import . 174 Vector and Layer Adjustments 175 Align Cut file to material stock . 175 Ungroup Vectors . 177 CONTENTS viiJoin Open Vectors 179 Creating Profile Toolpaths From Vectors . 180 Rotational Stools Toolpaths . 181 VCarve’s Multi-Menu Interface . 181 Fastener Hole Toolpaths . 182 Select Profile Toolpath Operation 182 Open the Tool Database . 183 Select 1⁄8″ Tool . 184 Cutting Depths . 185 Edit Passes 185 Machine Vectors . 186 Name and Calculate Toolpath 186 Simulate Toolpaths . 187 Seat Inside Profile Toolpaths . 189 Select Profile Inside Vectors . 189 Create Seat Inside Profile Toolpaths 190 Simulate Inside Profiles . 191 Outside Profile Toolpaths . 192 Turn On Layer, Select Vectors . 192 Select ¼″ Tool . 192 Create Outside Profiles . 192 Simulate Outside Profiles 192 Adding Ramps 193 Add Smooth/Spiral Ramps 194 Toolpath Order 195 Define Cut Sequence . 195 Simulation and Analysis 195 Visualize and Analyze . 196 Quality Control . 196 Save Toolpaths for Fabrication 197 Toolpath Summary . 197 Save Toolpaths to File 197 Ready to Fabricate? 197 08/ROTATIONAL STOOLS 199 About the Design 200 Before You Begin 200 Measure and Scale 200 Cut and Evaluate Fit . 201 Evaluate the Lazy Stool . 201 Evaluate the Lively Stool 202 Troubleshooting . 202 Measure . 202 Analyze . 202 Adjust . 203 viii DESIGN FOR CNCEvaluate and Iterate 203 Assemble . 204 Fasteners . 204 How to Drill 206 09/CAT IN BAG ii TABLE . 209 About the Design 210 Before You Begin 210 Finishes for CNC Projects 210 Partial Prototyping: Using a Test Piece . 212 Measure and Scale . 213 Measure Material . 213 Scale Test Piece CAD file 213 Assign CAM Settings . 214 Evaluate Your Test Piece 215 Prototyping Finishes 215 Record Settings and Adjustments 216 Apply Test Piece Settings to the Full-Scale File . 216 Cut and Finish . 217 Assembly . 218 PART III. 2D & 3D MODIFICATIONS . 221 10/5-30 MINUTE CHAIR 223 About the Design 224 Before You Begin 224 Develop a Program . 224 Select Materials 224 Design Decisions: 2D and 3D Modifications 225 2D Design Transformations 225 3D Design Transformations 226 Working with Scale Prototypes . 226 Exercise: Transform the Chair into a Bench . 228 Measure and Scale 230 Create the Partial Prototpye 230 Prepare File 231 Prepare Toolpaths 231 Cut, Assemble, and Evaluate 231 Adjust and Cut Chair 232 Assemble . 233 11/90-MINUTE LOUNGE CHAIR . 235 About the Design 236 Before You Begin 236 Select Materials 236 CONTENTS ixDesign Decisions: 2D and 3D Modifications 237 2D Modifications . 237 Exercise: 3D Transformations 238 Measure & Scale 239 Partial Prototpye 239 Prepare Toolpaths 241 About the Pockets 241 Create Pocket Toolpaths 242 Simulate 243 Cut Sequence for Complex Parts . 243 Pocket Cutting: Top Down or Bottom Up? . 244 Assemble and Evaluate the Test Piece . 245 Evaluate Fit 245 Evaluate Cut Depth . 245 Adjust and Cut Chair Files 246 Assemble . 248 Using the Jig . 248 PART IV. PARAMETRIC TRANSFORMATIONS 251 12/PARAMETRIC DESIGN 253 What are Parameters? . 253 AtFAB’s Parameters . 254 Tool Diameter 255 Material Thickness . 255 Shape . 256 Module 256 Dimensions 257 Details 257 Designing Parameters 258 Parametric Case Study: the Cat in Bag ii Table . 258 Functions, Variables, and Limits . 259 Parametric Processing Applets 260 Installing and Using the Apps 261 13/ONE TO SEVERAL TABLE . 263 About the Design 264 Before You Begin 264 Establish a Program and Dimensions . 264 Select Materials 264 Parametric Transformation . 266 Parametric Design 266 Using the One to Several Table App . 267 Set Overall Conditions 268 Prepare CAD File . 269 x DESIGN FOR CNCMeasure & Scale 270 Create the Partial Prototpye 270 Prepare File 271 Prepare Toolpaths 271 Cut, Assemble, and Evaluate 271 Adjust and Cut Table 273 Assemble Table . 274 14/OPEN STORAGE CABINET . 277 About the Design 278 Before You Begin 278 Establish a Program and Dimensions . 278 Select Materials 278 Measure Two Materials 279 Find TCMAX 279 Find TDMAX 279 Parametric Transformation . 280 Using the Open Storage app . 280 Set Overall Conditions 281 Prepare CAD File 282 Layout Parts . 283 Prepare for CAM Import . 283 Calculate the Scaling Multiplier . 283 Scale Toolpaths 284 Create a Partial Prototpye 284 Prepare File 285 Prepare Toolpaths 285 Cut, Assemble, and Evaluate 286 Adjust Cabinet Files and Prepare for Cutting . 288 Cut Pockets on the Correct Side . 288 Cut Cabinet . 289 Assemble . 289 PART V. MOVING PARTS AND LARGE STRUCTURES 293 15/POKE CREDENZA . 295 About the Design 296 Before You Begin 296 Materials 296 Patterns and Modifications 296 What to Draw? . 297 Measure and Scale 298 Create the Partial Prototpye 298 Prepare File 298 Adjust Slots . 298 CONTENTS xiPrepare Toolpaths 299 Prepare Toolpaths for Sliding Doors 300 Cut Sequence 300 Cut, Assemble, and Evaluate 301 Adjust and Cut Credenza . 302 Cut on the Correct Side . 302 Assemble . 305 16/CELLULAR SCREEN . 307 About the Design 308 Before You Begin a Large Project . 308 Materials 308 Manage Parts 310 Measure & Scale 310 Scale CAD file & Test Piece 311 Partial Prototyping Large Projects . 311 Create the Partial Prototpye 312 Screen: Multi-Sheet Workflow . 315 Assign toolpaths to each sheet 315 Cut Screen File and Stage Parts 315 Assemble the Screen 316 PART VI. RESOURCES . 319 A/DESIGN RESOURCES . 321 B/SOURCING MATERIALS 323 C/MACHINING RESOURCES . 326 D/GLOSSARY 327 INDEX . 330 INDEX Symbols 100kGarages, 31, 34 5-30 Minute Chair, 59-62, 72, 223-233 2D and 3D modifications, 225-230 assembly, 233 materials selection, 224 Queen Anne Chair by Greg Flanagan, 336 transforming into a bench, 228-230 90-Minute Lounge Chair, 63, 235-249 2D and 3D modifications, 237-239 adjust and cut, 246-248 assembly, 248-249 measure and scale, 239 pocket cutting, 244 test pieces, 239-245 transform into sofa, 238 A acrylics, 325 aesthetics of CNC projects, 30-33 appearance setting, 172 assemblies (see joint assemblies) AtFAB, xiv, xvii, 32, 62 parameters, 254-257 B ball-nose end mill, 152 bench design, 88-123 define a program, 87-88 design file setup, 88-91 ergonomic standards versus proportions, 94 evaluate and analyze, 101 joinery, 106-123 joinery design, 106-110 massing model, 92-93 model feet, 100 model parts, 94-97 organizing with SketchUp components, 103-105 reference lines, 98-99 refine structure, 102 stock material, 92-93 box joints, 49 bridges, 156 C cabinet (see Open Storage Cabinet) CAD (computer-aided design) software adjustments for fit, 203 blocks, 77 CAD to CAM transitioning, 165-167 clones, 77 components (see components) file preparation, 282-283 file setup, 71 parametric tools, 254 scaling files, 76, 133, 283-284 working with SketchUp components, 76-78 calipers, 130 CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) software, 165-197 adjustments for fit, 203 CAD to CAM workflow, 165-167 offsetting, 171 unit settings, 166 VCarve Pro, 167-197 (see also VCarve Pro) cantilevered corners, 58 Cat in Bag ii table, 63, 209-218 assembly, 218 cut and finish, 217-218 finish selection, 210 parametric design of, 258-260 test pieces, 212-217 Cellular Screen, 65, 307-317 assembly, 316 cutting and staging parts, 315-316 materials selection, 308 measure and scale, 310 multi-sheet workflow, 315 parts management, 310 chairs (see 5-30 Minute Chair; 90- Minute Lounge Chair) chip formation, 142 chip load, 145 clamps and screws, 148 climb cutting, 155 CNC (computer-numerically controlled) machinery, defining, xiii, xviii, 44 collets, 151 components, 76-78 organizing with, 103-105 power of, 113 composite materials, 324 compression spiral, 154 conditions, 268, 281-282 construction lines, 110 conventional cutting, 154 corner assembly, 55, 110, 112 corner joints, 50 craftsmanship, 30 330 INDEX 330credenza (see Poke Credenza) cross-lap, 51 cut area, 147 cut layer, 89 cutting depths, 185 cutting edge diameter (CED), 151 cutting edge length (CEL), 151 cutting laterally, 38 cutting layers, 80-82 D datum, 171 deck, 146 deflection, 151 depth of cut, 159 design file setup, 88-91 Design for Download, 33 design framework, 61 design process, 87-123 defining a project program, 88 evaluate and analyze, 101 evaluate and refine structure, 102 file setup, 88-91 joinery, 106-123 (see also joinery) massing model, 92-93 model parts, 94-97 modeling feet, 100 modes of thinking, 109 organizing with components, 103-105 reference lines, 98-99 schematic design, 103-105 (see also components, organizing with) visualize and simulate, 123 design program (see program) design refinement, 118 design resources, 321-322 design scaling, 172 details parameters, 257 diaphragm, 52 digital fabrication, defined, xviii dimension parameter, 257 distribution, 29 dogbone fillet, 41 dogbone fillets, 42-43 double underscore (__), 79 dovetails, 49 downcut spiral, 153 downcut tool, 157 drill toolpath, 46, 82 drilling, 38, 206 Droog, 33 dust extraction, 147 DXF format, 84 Dyvik, Jens, 33 E edge-to-edge connections, 49 edge-to-edge-to-edge connections, 50, 55 edit passes, 185 end mill diameter, 41, 255 end mill materials, 150 end mills, 37-38, 44 end-mill anatomy, 150-151 end-mill geometries, 152 end types, 152-153 flute types, 153-154 end-to-face connections, 50, 210 end-to-face-to-edge connections, 51, 263 engineered wood sheeting, 324 engraving end mills, 153 ergonomic standards versus proportions, 94 ergonomics, 88 export options, 83-84 F fabbers, 31 FabHub, 34 fabrication constraints, 88 fabrication preparation, 71-72 layers, 73-74 fastener hole toolpaths, 182-187 fasteners, modeling, 118 (see also sniglets) fasteners, working with, 204-206 feed direction, 154-155 feed rate, 145 feet, modeling, 100 file setup for design, 88-91 fillets, 41-43 (see also sniglets) finger joints, 49, 50 finish/flat end mill (FEM), 152 finishes, 210-212, 324 fishtail end mills, 152 fit, evaluating, 201-202 flatten layer, 73 flattening and layout, 74-76 flattening layer, 89 flip-milling, 32 flutes, 38, 150, 153-154 foot assembly, 55, 110, 115 four-way connection, 52 frame, 51, 57-58, 60 G gantry, 146 grain direction, 75, 324 Grasshopper, 33 green materials, 323 grouping layers, 80 H half lap scarf, 49 hanger assembly, 54, 110, 114-115 hardware, 324 hardware overview, xxii helical flutes, 153 INDEX 331high-density polyethylene (HDPE), 324 high-speed spindles, 143 history of CNC furniture, 33 hold-down methods, 157 (see workholding strategies) How to draw fillets, 41 I Ierodiaconou, Nick, 33 if/then statements, 266 inside corner problem, 37-41 inside profile, 82 inside profile toolpaths, 189-191 integrated joinery, 60 iteration, 101 J jigs, 239, 248 job size, 171 joinery, 47-52, 106-123 analyzing, 117 compound finger, 51 corners, 50, 55, 110, 112 cross-lap, 51 diaphragm, 52 dovetails, 49 finger joints, 49-50 half lap, 49 half lap scarf, 49 integrated, 60 keyed overlap, 49 lazy fingers, 49 modeling, 110-117 mortise and tenon, 50 organizing, 106-110 overlap, 49 plywood, 127-138 scarfing, 49 splice lap, 49 tab and slot, 50 through connection, 51 torsion box, 52 joint assemblies, 53-56 corner, 50, 55, 110, 112 foot, 55 hanger, 54 S/Z, 53 tab, 54 K Kadushen, Ronen, 33 kerf, 44 L large projects, managing (see Cellular Screen) laser cutters, xx Layer Chair, 33 layers, 73-74 adding, 73 assigning profiles to, 80 cutting, 80-82 naming conventions, 74, 89 lazy fingers, 49, 53 Lazy Stool, 201 (see also Rotational Stools) left-hand rotation tools, 153 legs, forming, 99 limited optimization, 30-31 Lively Stool, 202 (see also Rotational Stools) lounge chair (see 90-Minute Lounge Chair) M Mac OS workarounds, 168 machine vectors, 186 machining, 141-162 collets, 151 depth of cut, 159 end-mill anatomy, 150-151 end-mill geometries, 152-154 feed direction, 154-155 material and tooling choices, 141 pockets, 158-159 putting it all together, 160 resources on, 326 spindles and speed, 142-143 strategies, 157 troubleshooting, 160-162 variables, 145-146 vibration, minimizing, 155-156 workholding strategies, 148 makers, 31 marking toolpath, 148 mass customization, 29 massing model, 92-93, 97 material efficiency, 32 material stock, 92-93 material thickness parameter, 255 materials finishing materials, 136 material thickness actual, 129, 132 material thickness nominal, 129, 131 measuring, 130, 132 purchasing, 130 selecting, 128-129 sources, 323-325 milling machines, 143 mise en place, 72, 89 model parts, 94-97 modeling layer, 89 modeling resolution setting, 172 module parameter, 256 moment frames, 60 mortise and tenon joint, 50 multi-sheet workflow, 315 332 DESIGN FOR CNCO offset pockets, 158 offsetting, 134, 171 One to Several Table, 64, 263-274 adjust and cut, 273-274 assembly, 274 CAD files, 282-283 materials selection, 264 measure and scale, 270 parametric app for, 267-269 parametric transformation, 266 program definition, 264 test piece for, 270-271 toolpath creation for, 271 onion-skin strategy, 155 Open Storage Cabinet, 277-290 adjust and cut, 288-289 assembly, 289-290 materials selection and measuring, 278-280 parametric transformation, 280-282 program development, 278 scaling multiplier, 283-284 test pieces, 284-286 OpenDesk, 33 outside profile, 82 outside profile toolpaths, 192 overall tool length (OTL), 151 overlapping joints, 49 P parametric definitions, 254-257 parametric design, 253-261, 266 apps for, 267-269, 280-282 case study in, 258-260 constraints in, 258 defining, 253-254 functions, variables, and limits, 259-260 Processing applets, 260-261 parametrics, 134 partial prototypes, 136 (see also test pieces) for large projects, 311-312 particleboard, 31 pass depth, 159 patterns, 297 peck drilling, 46 plunge-end end mills, 152 plywood, 128 plywood joinery, 127-138 ensuring fit, 131 measuring, 130-133 nominal thickness, 129 properties of plywood, 127 prototyping, 136-138 scaling, offsettin, and parametrics, 133-134 surplus material, 138 test pieces, 136-137 types/grades of plywood, 128 pockets, 46, 158-159, 241-244, 286, 288, 300 Poke Credenza, 65, 295-305 adjust and cut, 302-303 assembly, 305 materials selection, 296 measure and scale, 298 patterns and modifications, 296-297 program development, 296 test pieces, 298-302 Processing, 267-269 profile cutting, 32 profile toolpaths, 44-45, 82, 180-182, 187-192 profiles, 79-80 program, 58-59, 88, 224, 236, 264 proportions versus ergonomic standards, 94 protective finishes, 210-212 prototypes, 136-138, 226 prototyping case study, 311 R r adial flutes, 153 rails, 146 ramp moves, 155, 193-194 rapid prototyping, 136 raster pockets, 158 reference lines, 98-99, 106 Rhino, 33 Rohrbacher, Gary, xviii Rorke, Tiago, 33 rotational cutters, 37 Rotational Stools, 62, 181, 199-206 assembly, 204 AtFAB SketchUp file, 166-197 cut and fit, 201-202 drilling holes, 206 fasteners, 204-206 Lazy Stool, 201 Lively Stool, 202 measure and scale, 200 troubleshooting, 202-204 rotational structures, 58 routers evolution of, 143 router anatomy, 146-148 router bits, 37, 150 (see also end-mill anatomy) router safety, 147 versus laser cutters, xx S sacrificial layer, 146 Saul, Greg, 33 scale prototypes, 136-138, 226, 237, 283 scaling, 41, 101, 133, 283-284 scarfing (see joinery) schematic design, 103 INDEX 333model parts (see model parts) screen program, 59 screws and clamps, 148 seating program, 59 shank (SHK), 150 shape parameter, 256 shear structures, 56 sheet materials, 48, 324 ShopBot, 31 ShopBot PRS Alpha, 48 simple half lap, 49 simulation and analysis, 195-197 SketchChair, 33 SketchUp, xxii, 72 components, 76-78 double underscore (__), 79 exporting options, 83-84 groups, 91 Layer0, 89 Make Group tool, 80 managing vectors, 80 Push/Pull tool, 93 slots, adjusting, 298 smooth ramps, 156, 193-194 sniglets, 39, 43, 47, 53, 118-122 software overview, xxii sourcing materials, 323-325 speed, 145 spindle speed, 145 spindles, 142-143 spiral ramps, 156, 193-194 spirals, 153-154 splice lap, 49 spoilboard, 146 spring collets, 151 standard end mills, 152 Steiner, Joni and David, 33 stepover value, 159 stools (see Rotational Stools) storage unit (see Open Storage Cabinet) store program, 59 straight flute, 154 strength-to-weight ration, 127 structural elements frame, 51 structural evaluation, 102 structures, 56-58 diaphragm, 52 moment frame, 60 rotational, 58 shear, 56 torsion, 52, 57 Vierendeel, 57, 278 subtractive machining, 37-41, 44 surplus materials, 323 swallow tail end mills, 152 S/Z joint, 53 T T-bone fillet, 41 T-bone fillets, 42-43 tab and slot joint, 50 tab assembly, 54, 110 tables (see Cat in Bag ii table; One to Several Table) tabs, 156 temporary layers, 89 test pieces 5-30 Minute Chair, 230-232 90-Minute Lounge Chair, 239-245 Cat in Bag ii Table, 212-217 Cellular Screen, 311-312 One to Several Table, 270-271 Open Storage Cabinet, 284-286 Poke Credenza, 298-302 purpose of, 136-137 thickness actual, 132 thickness nominal, 129, 131 thickness of materials, 129-133 three-way connections, 52, 263 through connections, 51 tooling catalogs, 154 toolpath layers, 89-90 (see layers) toolpaths calculate, 186-189 cut sequence, 195 fastener holes, 182-187 inside, 180-181, 189-191 name, 186 One to Several Table, 271 outside, 180-181, 192 outside toolpaths, 195 pocket, 49, 242-243 Poke Credenza, 299-300 preparing, 231, 241 simulate, 187-189 types of, 44-46 tools/tooling, 37 torsion box, 52 torsion structures, 57 troubleshooting, 160-162, 202-204 twist drill, 38 U undercuts, 147 underlays, 74, 89, 91, 93 unique components, 78 unit settings coordination, 166 units of measure, 92, 106 units, CAM settings, 171 units, imperial versus metric, 129 upcut spiral, 153 V v-bit end mill, 152 vacuum hold-down systems, 148, 157 VCarve Pro, xxii, 167-197 adding ramps, 193-194 and Mac OS, 168 creating profile toolpaths from vectors, 180-182 defining toolpaths, 182-187 334 DESIGN FOR CNCdownloading/installing, 168-169 importing from SketchUp, 83-84 importing vectors, 173-174 job setup, 170-172 multi-menu interface, 181 simulation and analysis, 195-197 toolpath order, 195 vector and layer adjustments, 175-179 Vierendeel structure, 57, 278 virtual sheet goods, 94 visualization modes, 123 W waste board, 146 waste minimization, 76 work program, 59 workholding strategies, 148 working layer, 89 workspace organization, 72 workzone, 147 X XY datum position, 171 Y Y Z car, 146 Z Z Zero, 171, 244 z-axis, 171, 244 zeroing the z-axis, 244
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