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| موضوع: كتاب Engineering Applications of Pneumatics and Hydraulics السبت 08 يناير 2022, 12:55 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Engineering Applications of Pneumatics and Hydraulics 2nd Edition EUR ING Ian C. Turner BSc CEng CEnv HonFSOE HonFIPlantE FInstMC MICBSE MIET
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Preface to the 1st edition vii Preface to the 2nd edition viii Acknowledgements ix 1 Applications of pneumatics and hydraulics in industry 1 2 Basic principles of fluid power systems 6 3 Features and characteristics of pneumatic and hydraulic systems 10 4 Component, equipment and plant symbols 14 5 Fluid power generation, supply and distribution 27 6 Control valves I: Types and principles of operation 62 7 Control valves II: Types and principles of operation 69 8 Actuators 77 9 Pneumatic and hydraulic circuits and arrangement of components 94 10 Electro-pneumatics and electro-hydraulics 103 11 Fluid power measurement systems 110 12 Troubleshooting and maintenance 13 Basic principles of fluid power control 131 14 Emergency shutdown and safety systems 135 15 Health and safety at work 144 Appendix 1: Answers to revision questions 149 Appendix 2: City & Guilds specimen examination questions 152 Appendix 3: Standards and standardisation organisations – Relevant fluid power standards 167 Appendix 4: Bar litres – Calculations 169 Appendix 5: UK professional engineering bodies, institutions and other organisations relevant to fluid power 171 Index Index 1 Numbers in bold denote sections within the book that cover a given topic. 2 Other numbers are references for individual components, parts, units, descriptions, etc., to enable quick finding of pages where the items are located. Absorption dryer, 36 Accumulator, 5.12, 60 Accuracy, 118 Actuation, 18, 68 methods for directional control valves, 6.6, 67 methods of visual indication, 8.17, 93 Actuator, 77–93 linear, 77–86 rotary, 8.15, 87–93 rotary, symbols, 8.16, 92 types, 8.1, 77 Adjustable pressure sequence valve, 70, 71 Adsorption dryer, 37 Advantages of pneumatics and hydraulics, 11 Air generation and distribution, 5.1, 27 Air logic, 94–96 Air mains, 49–52 pressure drop, 51, 52 sizing, 50, 51 Air motor, 87, 88 general, 8.8, 87 piston type, 8.9, 87 sliding vane type, 8.10, 88 summary of characteristics, 8.14, 90 Air preparation, 5.7, 53–57 symbols, 5.8, 56–57 Air pressure relationship, 3.1, 10–11 Air receiver, 5.4, 38–41 sizing, 39, 40 Air service unit, 53–56 Air supply system, 27–58 AND logic, 9.3, 9.4, 95, 96 Applications of pneumatics and hydraulics, 1–5 Atmospheric pressure, 10, 11 Automatic drain trap, 42–48 Automatic reverse braking, 5 Automatic shutdown, 135–143 Axial compressor, 29 Bar, 8 Bar litres, App. 4, 169–170 Bar litres, calculations, App. 4, 169–170 Bourdon tube pressure gauge, 111–112 Boyle’s Law, 2.6, 8, 9 British standards, App. 3, 167 Cascading, technique, 9.7, 99–102 Centrifugal compressor, 28 CETOP Symbols, 14–19 Characteristics of pneumatic and hydraulic systems, 10–12 Chemical absorption dryer, 36 Closed loop control, 13.3, 132 Combinational valve, 7.3, 72, 73 Combined technologies, 1.2, 1, 2 Comparator, 132–134 Component identification, 4.9, 23, 24 Compressed air equipment, selection, 5.9, 57, 58 Compressed air system, 57, 58 Compressor, types, 5.2, 28–34 Containment, 136, 137 Control, 131–134 action, 134 closed loop, 13.3, 132 open loop, 13.2, 131 symbols, 4.5, 18 terminology, 13.5, 134 Controlled condition, 134 Controller, 134 Control valve, 62–76Coolers and dryers, 5.3, 34–38 Cushioning, 81, 82 Cylinder, 77–80 cushioned double acting, 8.4, 81, 82 double acting, 8.3, 80, 81 rodless, 8.6, 83, 84 single acting, 8.2, 77–80 Deviation, 134 Diaphragm compressor, 32, 33 Diaphragm cylinder, 77, 78 Direct control, 78 Directional control valve, 62–67 general, 6.2, 63, 64 power, 6.5, 66, 67 processing, 6.4, 65 signalling, 6.3, 64, 65 Disadvantages of pneumatic and hydraulic systems, 12 Displacement compressor, 28 Displacement compressor (positive), 28 Displacement step diagram, 98 Display, 110 Distribution system, 5.6, 49–52 Double acting cylinder, 80–82 Double acting, two stage, reciprocating compressor, 30 Drain point, 49 Drain trap, 42–48 Drain traps, automatic, 5.5, 42–48 Dryer, 36–38 Dynamic compressor, 28 Electronic controller, 104 Electro-hydraulics, 10.2, 109 Electro-pneumatics, 10.1, 104–109 Emergency shutdown, 14.2, 137–142 Energy conversion, symbols, 4.2, 5.8, 15, 56, 57 Energy transmission, symbols, 4.4, 17 Equipment, examples of assemblies, 4.7, 20, 21 Error, 118 Error signal, 133, 134 Fail safe, 14.3, 143 Fault diagnosis, 12.2, 119–123 Feedback control, 132 Filter, 53 Final control elements, 133 First Line Maintenance, 12.1, 119 Flow control valve, 6.8, 67, 68 Flow measurement, 11.3, 14, 115 Flowrate, 7 Fluid power, 7 logic, 94–96 measurement, 11.1, 110 system, 2.3, 7 Force, 7 Functional charts, 12.5, 124–127 Gas pressurised accumulator, 60 Gauge pressure, 10 Gear motor, 87–89 Gear pump, 59, 91 Graphical symbols, 14–24 Health and Safety at Work Act, 144, 145 employees’ responsibilities, 15.3, 145 employer’s responsibilities, 15.2, 145 organisation, 15.1, 144 Helical and spiral-lobe compressors (screw), 28 Hydraulic and pneumatic safety systems, 1.4, 4, 5 principles of, 2.2, 6 supply system, 5.10, 59 systems, 59 Hydraulic motor, 8.13, 88 gear type, 88 high torque, low speed, 88, 89 summary of characteristics, 8.14, 90 Hydraulic pump, 5.11, 59 Hydraulics advantages, 3.2, 11 disadvantages, 3.3, 12 Hydro-pneumatic systems, 8.7, 85–86 Indicators, 93 Industrial applications, 1.1, 1 Installations, examples, 4.8, 22 Ladder logic, 108, 109 Latched (memory) circuit, 9.5, 96, 97 Linear actuator, 77–84 symbols, 8.5, 82, 83 Logic, 94–96 Logic control, 104–109 Lubricator, 54, 55 Mains air, requirements, 3.4, 12 Mains air systems, sizing, 50, 51 Maintenance first line, 12.1, 119, 124 of hydraulic systems, 12.4, 124 of pneumatic systems, 12.3, 123 Measurand, 118 Measurement of flow, 11.3, 114, 115 of fluid power, 11.1, 110 of pressure, 11.2, 111–114 of temperature, 11.4, 116–118 Index 173Measuring system common terms, 11.5, 118 Memory circuit, 96, 97 Newton’s Law, 2.5, 8 Non-return valve, 6.7, 67, 68 Open loop control, 13.2, 131 OR logic, 9.1, 9.2, 94, 95 Physical properties of air, 2.1, 6 Piezoelectric pressure transducer, 114 Piston motor, 8.9, 87 Pneumatic applications, 1–5 Pneumatic gear motor, 8.11, 88 Pneumatic logic, 94–96 Pneumatics advantages, 3.2, 11 disadvantages, 3.3, 12 Port, 23, 24 Positive displacement compressor, 28 Power element, 66 Preparation of air, 53–56 Pressure, 7, 8 Pressure control valve, 7.1, 69–70 symbols, 7.2, 70–72 Pressure drop, 51, 52 Pressure limiting valve, 69 Pressure measurement, 11.2, 111–114 Pressure regulating valve, 69–70 Pressure relief valve, 69 Pressure sequence valve, 69, 70 Pressure system, 148 Pressure Systems Safety Regulations, 15.4, 146, 147 Pressure transducer, 111–114 Processing element, 65 Programmable Logic Controller, PLC, 104–109 Properties of air, 6 Range, 118 Reciprocating compressor general, 28–30 single acting, single stage, 29 single acting, two stage, 29, 30 double acting, two stage, 30 Refrigeration dryer, 36 Regulations, pressure systems, 15.4, 146–147 Regulator, 54 Relay ladder logic, 108, 109 Relief valve, 69, 70, 135–137 Resistance of pipe fittings, 52 Resolution, 118 Reverse braking, 5 Rotameter, 114, 115 Rotary actuator, 8.15, 92 symbols, 8.16, 92 Rotary vane compressor, 28, 30, 31 Safety system, 4, 135–143 Screw compressor, 28, 31 Sensitivity, 118 Sequential circuit, 9.6, 97–99 Service unit, 53–56 Set point, 134 Shutdown system, 4, 5, 135–143 Signal conditioner, 110 Signalling element, 64, 65, 133 Single acting cylinder, 77–80 SI system of units, 2.4, 7 Sliding-vane compressor, 28, 30, 31 motor, 8.10, 88 Solenoid valve, 7.4, 74–76 Standardisation organisations, App. 3, 167–168 British, App. 3, 167 International, App. 3, 167–168 Standards, App. 3, 167–168 Strain gauge, 113 Symbols identification, 4.1–4.6, 14–19 miscellaneous, 4.6, 19 Temperature measurement, 11.4, 116–118 Thermistor, 116–117 Thermocouple, 117, 118 Time delay valve, 72–73 normally closed, 72,73 normally open, 73 Tolerance, 118 Traps, 42–46 Tube dimensions, 51 Turbine flowmeter, 115 Turbo compressor, 32 Two impeller straight-lobe compressors and blowers, 28 Uses of fluid power systems, 1.3, 2, 3 Valve combinational, 7.3, 72, 73 flow control, 6.8, 67, 68 non-return, 6.7, 67, 68 pressure control, 7.1, 69–70 pressure control valve symbols, 7.2, 70, 71 solenoid, 7.4, 74–76 time delay, 72, 73 types, 6.1, 62 valve symbols, 4.3, 16 Water drain traps, 42–48
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