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| موضوع: كتاب Visible Light Communication Applications with MATLAB الجمعة 15 أكتوبر 2021, 12:56 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Visible Light Communication Applications with MATLAB Suseela Vappangi, Vakamulla Venkata Mani, Mathini Sellathurai
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Preface .xiii Authors .xvii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO OWC-VLC .1 1.1 Current State-of-the-Art 1 1.2 History of the Origin of OWC 2 1.2.1 Advantages and Applications of OWC 5 1.3 Free Space Optical Wireless Communication 7 1.3.1 Advantages and Applications of FSOWC 9 1.3.2 Drawbacks Associated with FSO .11 1.4 Evolving and Introduction to Visible Light Communication .12 1.5 Basic Architecture of VLC System Model .20 1.6 Significant Challenging Aspects of VLC .25 1.7 IEEE 802.15.7 Physical Layer Summary .26 1.8 IEEE 802:11 Light Communications Amendment-Task Group “bb” .29 1.9 Comparisons between Radio Frequency-based Wireless Communication and OWC 31 Chapter 2 VLC CHANNEL MODELS 35 2.1 Introduction .35 2.1.1 Review on Different Propagation Modes .35 2.2 Review on Photometry 37 2.2.1 Luminous Flux .38 2.2.2 Luminous Intensity 41 2.2.3 Illuminance 41 2.2.4 Lambert Radiator .42 2.3 Indoor VLC Channel Modeling 42 2.3.1 VLC Channel Modeling for the Single Source Scenario 43 2.3.2 Channel Models for Multiple Sources .48 2.3.3 Signal to Noise Ratio Analysis 48 2.3.4 Other Parameters Associated with VLC 50 2.3.5 Illustration of the Distribution of Power and SNR in Indoor VLC System 51 viiviii Contents 2.3.6 Review on Realistic Channel Model for VLC Systems 56 2.4 Review on VLC Channel Models .59 2.4.1 Review on Indoor VLC Channel Characteristics Modeled by Lee et al 66 2.4.2 Review on Diffuse Indoor Optical Wireless Channel Modeled in Accordance to Rajbhandari et al 69 2.4.3 Review on Indoor VLC Channel Model Proposed by Ding De-qiang et al .70 2.4.4 Review on the Effect of Higher-Order Light Reflections on VLC Channel Modeling .71 2.4.5 Review on Integrated Sphere Model 74 2.5 Conclusion 75 Chapter 3 MODULATION FORMATS FOR VLC .77 3.1 Baseband Modulation Formats .78 3.1.1 ON-OFF-Keying (OOK)-based VLC Systems 78 3.1.2 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)-based VLC Systems 82 3.1.3 Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)-based VLC Systems 84 3.2 State-of-the-art Multicarrier Modulation Formats Compatible for IM/DD Systems .87 3.2.1 Performance Analysis of Earliest Unipolar Optical OFDM Variants 88 3.2.2 On the Performance of Different Superposition Optical OFDM Variants .112 3.2.3 Performance Analysis of Different Hybrid Optical OFDM Variants 121 3.2.4 Other Multicarrier Modulation Formats 133 3.2.4.1 Complexity involved in the computation of Hermitian symmetry criteria 133 3.2.4.2 Performance analysis of DHT-based optical OFDM system 136 3.2.4.3 Performance analysis of DCT/DSTbased optical OFDM system .142 3.2.4.4 Performance analysis of Hadamard Coded Modulation (HCM)-based optical OFDM 159 3.2.4.5 Wavelet packet division multiplexing (WPDM)-based VLC system 160 3.2.5 Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation .162Contents ix 3.2.5.1 Principle aspects of realization of CAP-VLC systems 162 3.2.5.2 Multiband CAP (m-CAP)-based VLC systems 167 3.2.5.3 Related work on m-CAP-VLC systems 169 3.2.5.4 Challenging aspects and mitigation techniques associated with CAP-VLC systems 177 3.2.5.5 Research aspects pertaining to CAPVLC Systems .193 3.2.6 Color Shift Keying .194 3.3 Conclusion 197 Chapter 4 NON-LINEARITIES OF OPTICAL SOURCES 199 4.1 Non-linearity in Optical Sources 199 4.2 PAPR Reduction Techniques for IM/DD Systems .201 4.3 PAPR Analysis in DCT/DST-based Multicarrier System .204 4.3.1 Performance Analysis of DCT/DST-based Spreading Techniques for PAPR Reduction .204 4.3.2 Exploitation of PTS Technique in DCT/DSTbased Optical OFDM .208 4.3.3 Clipping and Filtering 212 4.3.4 Performance Analysis of PAPR Reduction Techniques in a DCT/DST-based Multicarrier System 213 4.4 PAPR Analysis in Multiple Access Schemes for VLC .218 4.4.1 DST-based Multiple Access Schemes 220 4.4.2 Fast Optical IFDMA and Fast Optical LFDMA 223 4.4.3 Optical Interleaved Frequency Division Multiple Access 225 4.4.4 Optical Localized Frequency Division Multiple Access 228 4.4.5 Performance Analysis of DCT/DST-based Multiple Access Schemes Compatible with IM/DD Systems for VLC 229 4.5 Conclusion 239 Chapter 5 MULTIPLE ACCESS SCHEMES AND VLC FOR SMART CITIES .241 5.1 Motivation .241 5.2 Review on Conventional and Emerging RF-based Mul- 5.3 Multiple Access Schemes for VLC 244 5.3.1 Design Aspects of VLC Systems .245 tiple Access Schemes 243x Contents 5.3.2 Optical Frequency Division Multiple Access 247 5.3.2.1 Related work on OOFDMA-VLC systems 250 5.3.3 Optical Code Division Multiple Access 255 5.3.3.1 CDMA-based VLC systems comprising unipolar codes 256 5.3.3.2 CDMA-based VLC systems comprising bipolar codes .261 5.3.4 Optical Space Division Multiple Access .266 5.3.4.1 System model of optical SDMA (OSDMA)-based VLC system exploiting angle diversity transmitter 267 5.3.4.2 Research efforts pertaining to OSDMAbased VLC system .275 5.3.5 Optical Non-orthogonal Multiple Access 277 5.3.5.1 Underlying principle of NOMA technology 278 5.3.5.2 Power allocation mechanisms in ONOMA 280 5.3.5.3 MIMO-NOMA-based VLC system .285 5.3.5.4 Inter-cell interference mitigation in NOMA-VLC systems 288 5.3.5.5 Interface of OMA schemes with NOMA-VLC systems 290 5.3.5.6 State-of-the-art research aspects associated with NOMA-VLC systems 292 5.3.5.7 Challenges associated with NOMAVLC systems .300 5.4 Smart Cities Exploiting Visible Light Communication Technology .303 5.5 Conclusion 309 Chapter 6 INTEGRATION OF VLC WITH PLC 313 6.1 Introduction .313 6.2 Basic System Model .316 6.3 PLC Channel Modeling 317 6.3.1 Power-Line Noise 319 6.3.2 VLC Channel Modeling .320 6.3.3 Analysis of Cascaded PLC-VLC Channel .321 6.3.4 State-of-the-art Research Efforts Associated with PLC-VLC Channel Modeling 323 6.4 Performance of OFDM-based PLC-VLC System 323 6.5 On the Performance of DWT-based PLC-VLC System .326 6.6 Related Work on the Combination of PLC with VLC 327Contents xi 6.6.1 Efforts toward the Realization of an Integrated PLC-VLC System with Minimal Modifications 328 6.6.2 Assurance of Multiuser Support 330 6.6.3 Review on the Hybrid PLC/VLC/RF Communication Systems .336 6.7 Applications of Integrated PLC-VLC Systems 339 6.7.1 Exploitation of PLC-VLC Systems for HealthCare .339 6.7.2 Deployment of PLC-VLC Systems in Airplanes .343 6.7.3 Utilization of PLC-VLC Systems in Emergency Areas 344 6.8 Conclusion 344 Chapter 7 VLC FOR VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS .347 7.1 Brief Overview .347 7.2 Exploitation of VLC in Vehicular Communications 349 7.2.1 On the Performance of RF-based Dedicated Short Range Communication to Buttress V2V Communication 349 7.2.2 VLC-based Vehicular Communication 353 7.3 Challenging Aspects of VLC Exploitation in Enabling Vehicular Communications .359 7.3.1 Noise Emanating due to Artificial and Ambient Light Sources .360 7.3.2 Assurance of Long Distance Communication .367 7.3.3 Development of Hybrid RF and VLC-based Wireless Communication Networks for Vehicular Applications 371 7.3.4 Ensuring High Data Rate Vehicular Communications by Using Complex Multicarrier Modulation Formats 377 7.3.5 Augmenting Mobility of V2V Communications .380 7.3.6 Enabling Visible Light Positioning for Vehicular Applications 385 7.4 Performance of Car-to-Car VLC 393 7.4.1 Analysis of Noise in VLC-based Car-to-Car Communication System .401 7.4.2 Performance of VLC-based Car-to-Car Communication System .402 7.5 Conclusion 403 Chapter 8 8.1 Exploitation of Organic Light Emitting Diodes for VLC Applications 407 RESEARCH CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH VLC .407xii Contents 8.2 Synchronization Aspects .416 8.2.1 Mathematical Illustration of the Effects of FO 418 8.2.2 Mathematical Depiction of the Effects of STO on the Performance of DCO-OFDM-based VLC System .420 8.2.3 Interpretation of the Effects of Timing Offsets in DCO-SC-FDMA-based IM/DD Systems 424 8.3 Impact of Timing Errors in DCO-SC-FDMA for VLC 431 8.4 Amalgamation of OLED-based VLC Systems for Automotive Applications 438 8.5 Flickering and Dimming Issues 439 8.6 Influence of Ambient Noise on the Performance of VLC System .439 8.7 Research Challenges Associated with VLC in the Emerging Area of Indoor Positioning .440 References .441 Index Index access points, 6 Amplify-and-forward, 333 amplitude shift keying, 31 angle of arrival, 387 artificial neural network, 60 Asymmetrically and symmetrically clipping optical OFDM, 122 Asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM, 88 Asymmetrically DC-biased optical OFDM, 122 asynchronous transfer mode, 162 augmented and virtual reality, 1 avalanche photodiode, 80 Axial Intensity, 41 balanced incomplete block design, 260 base station, 19 bipolar to unipolar, 256 bit error rate, 61 Bluetooth, 440 carrier sense multiple access with collision detection, 255 carrierless amplitude and phase modulation, 162 channel estimation, 93 code cycle modulation, 260 code division multiple access, 31 code domain NOMA, 243 coded-multilevel expurgated PPM, 260 color shift keying, 23 communication pixels, 368 conjugate-gradient backpropagation, 413 Control Channel, 351 convolutional codes, 28 cooperative adaptive cruise control, 372 cross-channel interference, 183 cyclic code-shift extension, 259 DC-biased optical OFDM, 88 decision feedback equalization, 4 decode-and-forward, 333 dedicated short range communications, 349 Department of Transportation, 349 Differential Overlapping PPM, 85 Differential PPM, 85 digital audio broadcasting, 87 digital subscriber lines, 87 digital video broadcasting, 87 direct detection, 20 discrete cosine transform, 142 discrete multitone modulation, 23 discrete sine transform, 143 discrete wavelet packet transform, 160 Distance Estimation via Asynchronous Phase Shift, 389 Doppler Shift, 418 Enhanced ACO-OFDM, 112 enhanced evolutionary game theory, 255 Enhanced PAM-DMT, 112 enhanced sub-band index CAP, 192 Enhanced unipolar optical OFDM, 112 error vector magnitude, 254 Exhaustive Search Power Allocation, 280 Expurgated PPM, 85 fast optical OFDM, 142 fast Walsh-Hadamard transform , 159 Federal Communications Commission, 349 field of view, 24 fifth generation, 241 Fixed Power Allocation, 280 flickering, 25 Flip OFDM, 88 fluorescent lamps, 439 forward error correction, 27 fractional frequency reuse, 252 fractionally-spaced equalizers, 187 479480 Index free space, 7 frequency division multiple access, 243 Frequency offset, 416 Gain Ratio Power Allocation, 280 Generalized enhanced unipolar OFDM, 112 generalized frequency division multiplexing, 31 global positioning system, 385 global system for mobile, 241 Gold Sequences, 261 Hadamard Coded Modulation, 160 Hadamard matrices, 159 Hadamard transform, 159 half-beam angle, 41 hard threshold, 255 Hartley transform, 136 Hermitian Symmetry, 88 Heterogeneous Networks, 371 high definition television, 1 high pass filter, 166 Hilbert transform, 168 Hybrid Asymmetrically clipped OFDM, 122 IEEE 1901, 315 IEEE 802.11bb, 30 IEEE 802.11p, 349 IEEE 802.15.7, 13 IEEE 802.15.7r1, 35 Illuminance, 41 illumination, 21 image sensor, 20 incandescent lamps, 439 indium tin oxide, 408 indoor positioning systems, 440 infrared, 2 infrastructure to vehicle, 7 intelligent transportation system, 347 intensity modulation, 20 inter carrier interference, 416 interband interference, 176 interim standard, 241 internet of things, 5 intersymbol interference, 5 inverse discrete wavelet packet transform, 160 inverse fast Fourier transform, 87 inverted GMPC, 259 ITU-T G.9960/61, 315 Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association, 13 Lambert Radiator, 42 Laser Radar Visible Light Bidirectional Communication Boomerang System, 391 laser range finder, 384 Layered ACO-OFDM, 112 least mean square, 62 least square, 93 Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation, 413 light detection and ranging, 385 light emitting diodes, 5 line of sight, 8 linear equalizer, 194 linear feed forward equalization, 78 liquid crystal displays, 407 luminous efficiency, 40 luminous flux, 38, 41 luminous intensity, 41 M-ary phase shift keying, 87 M-ary pulse amplitude modulation, 87 M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation, 87 m-sequences, 261 machine-to-machine, 1 maximum flickering time period, 25 maximum likelihood, 243 maximum likelihood sequence detection, 78 mean square error, 62 medium access control, 87 minimum mean square error, 93Index 481 modified Gold sequences, 261 modified prime sequence code, 259 modified Walsh-Hadamard sequences, 261 Multi-level EPPM, 85 multiband CAP, 162 multiple input multiple output, 16 Multipulse PPM, 85 multiuser superposition transmission, 244 narrow band PLC, 314 network assisted interference cancellation and suppression, 244 non-coherent, 88 non-imaging concentrator, 45 non-line of sight, 21 non-orthogonal amplify-and-forward, 253 non-orthogonal multiband carrierless and amplitude phase modulation, 176 non-orthogonal multiple access, 242 nonreturn-to-zero, 80 Normalized Gain Difference Power Allocation, 280 normalized LMS, 62 on-off keying, 5 optical code division multiple access, 242 optical communication image sensor, 368 optical orthogonal codes, 256 optical orthogonal frequency division multiple access, 242 optical spatial division multiple access, 242 optical wireless communication, 2 optimised Lambertian order, 61 organic light emitting diodes, 407 orientation-based random waypoint, 255 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, 7 orthogonal multiple access, 243 Overlapping MPPM, 85 Overlapping PPM, 85 PAM-DMT-based hybrid optical OFDM, 122 pattern division multiple access, 292 Phase modulation-DCO-OFDM, 122 phase shift keying, 31 photopic vision, 38 Poisson point process, 253 Polar-based OFDM, 121 positioning systems, 440 positive intrinsic negative photodiode, 20 power delay profile, 67 power domain NOMA, 243 Power Line Communication, 19 power spectral distribution, 67 prime codes, 256 Pulse amplitude modulated discrete multi-tone modulation, 88 pulse amplitude modulation, 78 pulse modulation, 7 pulse position modulation, 78 pulse width modulation, 78 quality of service, 294 radio frequency, 1 radio frequency identification module, 440 random access point assignment, 255 random optical codes, 256 received signal strength, 391 Reconstructed LACO-OFDM, 122 red-green-blue-yellow, 194 Reed-Solomon, 28 repetition coding, 66 repetitive coded CAP, 191 Reverse Polarity optical OFDM, 121 road side units, 349 roll-off factor, 166 root mean square, 60 run length limited, 27482 Index second generation, 241 Service Channel, 351 short message services, 241 signal to interference noise ratio, 245 single frequency network, 328 small molecule OLEDs, 408 solid angle, 41 solid state lighting, 17 sparse code multiple access, 292 spatial modulation, 66 spatial multiplexing, 66 Spatial optical OFDM, 121 spectral efficiency, 109 Spectrally and energy-efficient OFDM, 112 Spectrally factorized optical OFDM, 122 square-root raised cosine, 168 step-index plastic optical fiber, 192 sub-band index, 192 successive interference cancellation, 244 Sum Rate Maximization Power Allocation, 280 superluminescent diode, 407 superposition coding, 244 switch mode power supplies, 319 symbol spaced equalizer, 187 symbol time offset, 417 synchronization, 416 Terahertz, 2 third generation partnership project long-term evolution, 87 time difference of arrival, 388 time division multiple access, 243 time domain equalization, 412 time hopping spread spectrum, 391 timing jitter, 177 transimpedance amplifier, 21 Triple-layer hybrid optical OFDM, 122 underwater sensor network, 254 unipolar, 88 Unipolar OFDM, 88 Unipolar orthogonal transmission, 112 Variable PPM, 85 variable pulse position modulation, 27 Variable pulse width unipolar optical OFDM, 122 vehicle information and communication system, 381 vehicle safety communications consortium, 367 vehicle to infrastructure, 6 vehicle to vehicle, 7 vehicular adhoc networks, 351 vehicular communication, 17 visible light communication, 5 Visible Light Communication Consortium, 13 Visible Light Communications Associations, 13 Voice over Internet Protocol, 87 Volterra series-based non-linear equalizer, 194 wavelength division multiple access, 242 white phosphorescent LED, 22 wireless access in vehicular environments, 349 wireless fidelity, 15 wireless interoperability for microwave access, 87 World Health Organization, 347 Xia pulses, 191 zero cross-correlation codes, 256 #ماتلاب,#متلاب,#Matlab,
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