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| موضوع: كتاب High-Security Mechanical Locks - An Encyclopedic Reference الإثنين 11 يناير 2021, 7:01 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب High-Security Mechanical Locks - An Encyclopedic Reference Graham W. Pulford
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Acknowledgments xi Preface xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Prologue . 1 1.2 Security Versus Obscurity . 5 1.3 Innovation in the Lock Industry 8 1.4 Administrative Matters 22 2 Pin-Tumbler Locks 31 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Inline . 64 2.3 Inline with Passive Profile Pins . 79 2.4 Inline Horizontal Keyway . 86 2.5 Twin Inline . 91 2.6 Inline with Active Profile Pins . 99 2.7 Cruciform 111 2.8 Multiple Inline . 115 2.9 Tubular 138viii 2.10 Concentric Pin . 153 2.11 Rotating Pin 160 2.12 Pin Matrix . 163 2.13 Key-Changeable 168 3 Wafer Locks 173 3.1 Introduction 173 3.2 Conventional 186 3.3 Contoured 190 3.4 Three-sided . 194 3.5 Inline Push Type . 196 3.6 Bell Locks 199 3.7 Axial . 205 3.8 Key-Changeable 217 4 Side-Bar Locks 223 4.1 Introduction 223 4.2 Disc Side-bar 234 4.3 Lever Side-bar . 252 4.4 Driverless-Pin Side-bar . 264 4.5 Wafer Side-bar . 279 4.6 Dual-action Side-bar 287 5 Lever Locks 313 5.1 Introduction 313 5.2 Conventional 349 5.3 Double-Throw . 375 ix 5.4 Axial . 379 5.5 Radial . 387 5.6 Cylindrical . 394 5.7 Geared 409 5.8 Trap-Door 414 5.9 Twin 416 5.10 Variable . 420 5.11 Dual-Control 430 6 Magnetic Locks 435 6.1 Introduction 435 6.2 Miwa Magnetic 448 6.3 Anker . 450 6.4 MagLok . 454 6.5 Miracle Magnetic . 457 6.6 EVVA MCS . 459 6.7 Schlage CorKey 463 7 Car Locks 469 7.1 Introduction 469 7.2 Double-Sided 476 7.3 Holden Commodore . 478 7.4 Ford Tibbe . 479 7.5 Ford Chubb . 482 7.6 General Motors 484 7.7 Mercedes Two-Track 487x 7.8 BMW Two-Track . 489 7.9 Mercedes Four-Track 491 7.10 Mitsubishi 493 7.11 Porsche 495 7.12 Alpha Romeo . 497 7.13 Volvo . 499 7.14 Citro¨en Simplex 501 8 Conclusion 505 Bibliography 511 Figure and Table Credits 521 Appendices 525 Appendix A1: Permutations and Combinations . 525 Appendix A2: Lock Permutations and Fractals 530 Appendix B: Translations of Lock Vocabulary 535 Appendix C: Terminology and Abbreviations . 546 Appendix D: Lock Patents 548 Appendix E: Brief History of the Bramah Lock . 558 Appendix F: Key Code Computations 561 Appendix G: Security Gradings for Cylinder Locks . 573 Index 57 Index 2-in-1 pick see Hobbs pick, 15, 54 3-in-1 pick, 379 5-pin cylinder, 38 6-pin cylinder, 42 7-pin cylinder, 52 999 key, 76 A2P see standards, 12 A2P-rated, 84, 134, 255, 424 ABA, 156 axial, 199 Pagoda, 196 abbreviations, definition of, 547 Abloy Classic, 234 Disklock Pro, 240 Ford Tibbe, 479 Profile, 234 Protec, 240 ABUS EC, 86 Plus, 245 TS 5000, 101 ABUS KG, 245 ACE, 138, 144, 170, 207, 277 active key element, 61 see mobile element, 60 after-market, 10, 53, 470 Age, 154 alarm, 371, 473, 481, 496, 509 Allen key, 142, 421, 423 Alnico, 437 Alpha, 86–88 Alpha Romeo, 497 American Lock Company, 173, 190, 225 American Locker Company, 63, 140, 454 anchor point, 238, 452 Andrews, Dr. S., 337 Anker, 450 Ankerslot, 448 antidrill see drill resistance, 50 antigravity lock, 441 antipicking feature lever lock, 351, 355, 362, 379, 386, 421 pin-tumbler lock, 57, 65, 80, 100, 107 side-bar lock, 295, 307 wafer lock, 181, 196, 207, 477, 487, 493 antithrust bolt, 166 Apex, 140 armature, 170, 466 Arnheim axial, 208 array see bolt stump array, 332 Arrow 39, 69 ASSA Desmo, 275 Twin, 292 Twin Combi, 297, 308 Twin V-10, 297 ASSA Abloy AB, 64, 84, 115–116, 160, 232, 292, 299, 349, 510576 INDEX asymmetric key, 112, 231, 247, 260, 364, 376, 408, 449, 461 Aubin’s lock, 390 Audi, 476 Australian Lock Company, 267 auto-dialer, 26 automotive lock see car lock, 469 AVA see Chubb AVA, 394 axial lock, 138, 205 Azbe, 89 balance lever, 321, 405 Banham, 302 bank, 6, 8, 31–33, 224, 252, 322, 331, 338, 345, 399, 420, 430, 508 bar-tumbler, 151 bar-wafer, 183, 199, 281, 283, 304, 489, 493 barrel see pin-tumbler lock, 34 barrel and curtain see curtain, 341 Barron lock, 317, 375 Barron, R., 317, 349 Bauche Monopole, 390 Bauche, Auguste, 252 Bauer see Bauer Kaba, 117 Bauer Central, 332 Bauer Kaba AG, 117, 120, 121, 332 Bauer Sphinx, 332 Bell lock, 183, 199, 286, 489, 493 belly see lever belly, 340 belly grouping, 342, 355, 356 Best IC, 39, 71 bicentric lock, 221 bidirectional dynamics, 251 Bierhaus, Josef, 404 bilateral key, 92, 184, 189, 232, 267, 441 BiLock conventional, 267 New Generation, 272 QCC, 271 TriLock, 270 binary, 22, 60, 167, 226, 439, 463, 475 Binary Plus, 106 biometric, 22, 508 bitting angle, 235, 244, 289, 291 bitting depth, 79, 103, 291, 303 bitting matrix, 251, 500 bitting pair, 486 bitting pattern, 112, 267, 298 bitting point, 193, 201, 285, 311, 477, 491, 495, 497, 500 bitting rules, 25, 42–43, 51, 87–88, 160, 177, 353, 354, 372, 419, 471, 477, 486 pull-out, 43 bitting surface, 231, 251 BKS Company, 129–131 BKS Janus, 129 BKS Multipin, 92 blank tumbler, 453 blind code see indirect code, 13 blind pin, 119, 125 blocking bar, 82, 244, 413 lever, 406, 426, 427 magnet, 435, 439, 443 pin, 462 see pin, 61 plate, 146 ring, 215 rod, 274 stump, 323 wafer, 492 BMW, 472, 474, 497 BMW two-track, 489 Bode-Panzer, 322, 405 bolt-step, 321, 325, 343, 351, 361, 365, 368, 375, 378, 409, 419, 423, 427 bolt stump, 321, 325, 327, 338, 343, 352, 361, 368, 372, 381, 384, 386, 416, 426, 430, 432 bolt-stump array, 332, 338, 421, 424, 430INDEX 577 bolt tail, 362, 416, 420 bolt talon see talon, 320 bolt throw, 325, 349, 356 bore pattern, 119, 125 borescope, 344 boring, 34, 53, 86, 88, 100, 116, 119, 125, 129, 167, 278, 295 bottom pin see pin-tumbler lock, 34 Bournisien Beau et Companie, 395 bow to tip, 349, 378 Bramah C17, 205 Bramah history, 558 Bramah lock, 145, 183, 205, 384 Bramah, Joseph, 5, 183 Bramah-Chubb, 215, 328 Doppel, 215 breakage cylinder coupling, 50, 129, 133 key see key breakage, 11 breech, 208, 401 Brennan’s lock, 224 Bricard 14-wafer, 188 Bloctout, 188 Chifral, 131 SuperSˆ uret´e, 194 Briggs and Stratton, 229, 276, 470, 484 broaching, 10, 11, 34, 45, 49, 59, 64, 80, 86, 88, 93, 98, 105, 157, 187, 193, 199, 270, 273, 278, 296, 306, 471, 482, 493 BS see standards, 12 bullet, 176, 273 bump-key, 15, 26, 58, 76 burglar, 8, 125, 188, 459, 487, 507 burglary resistance, 14, 349 burning bar, 16 bushing, 261 Butter’s system, 224, 324, 330, 344, 355, 370, 379 Butter, F. J., 330 bypass, 15, 27, 49, 82, 188, 196, 315, 329, 456, 481, 487, 507 C-clip, 263, 396, 456 cam see pin-tumbler lock, 34 cam lock, 34, 87, 138, 141, 173, 191, 196, 199, 232, 264, 275, 278, 279, 287, 305, 394, 441 captive key, 420 car lock Alpha Romeo, 497 Briggs and Stratton, 484 Citro¨en Simplex, 501 classification, 475 double-sided, 476 Ford Chubb, 482 Ford Tibbe, 479 four-track, 491 General Motors, 484 history, 469 Holden Commodore, 478 key box, 208 Mercedes, 487, 491 Mitsubishi, 493 Porsche, 495 side-bar, 484 side-track, 493 two-track, 478, 487 Volvo, 499 card-in-slot lock, 39, 439, 442 Carl K¨ astner, 215, 227, 238 Carl Wittkopp, 405 cast brass, 75, 351, 361, 388, 432 cast bronze, 380, 383 cast iron, 224 cast steel, 247 cast zinc, 151, 210, 217, 279, 416, 476, 484, 487, 489, 495 Cavers, 143, 150 Cavith see Zenith Cavith, 149 CAWI, 321, 405 Central, 146, 148578 INDEX ceramic, 259, 340, 437, 442 Cerberus, 322 chain of balls lock, 63 challenge see reward, 183 chamber see pin-tumbler lock, 34 Champion see Miller lock, 379 Champions see Mottura Champions, 257 change key, 37, 72, 88, 210, 221, 298, 330, 332, 421, 468 chapter organization, 28 Chatwood, 324, 330, 399 Chatwood Impregnable, 358 Chatwood, Samuel, 343 Chatwood-Milner, 349 check pin, 108–109, 136, 307 Chicago Lock Company, 138, 140, 278 child labor, 321 Chrysler, 472 Chrysler 7-wafer, 472 Chubb, 3K77, 356 3G110, 370 3G114, 342, 349 3G117, 349, 356 3G135, 372 3G222, 445 3G227, 356 3K277, 356 5-lever lock, 349 6K75, 342, 358 7-lever lock, 349, 356 Ava, 327, 394 Company, 324, 349, 399 detector lock, 317 dissertation, 7, 317, 341 Eloctro, 360 lever lock, 349 magnetic lock, 445 quadruple lever lock, 6, 322 SMI, 245 twin 7-lever lock see safe deposit lock, 429 Chubb, Charles, 319 Chubb, Jeremiah, 317 Chubb, John, 6, 319 Chubb-Lips 6K207, 327, 360 circular shift, 143, 210 CISA S.p.A., 131 Citro¨en, 372 Citro¨en Simplex, 501 cl´e de force (forcing key), 255 classification car locks, 475 lever locks, 348 locks, 22 magnetic locks, 439 pin-tumbler locks, 62 side-bar locks, 233 wafer locks, 184 click lock, 345 clicker see click lock, 345 Climax Co., J. H. W., 225 climax detector lock see Cotterill lock, 387 clip see spring clip, 175 Club lock, 137 clutch, 253, 332, 382, 439 CNPP, 12, 424 coaxial pick, 54, 238, 246, 379 coaxial pin, 140, 153–154, 157 coaxial plug, 37, 75 Cobra Axira see Central, 148 code book, 13, 261, 472 code-change key, 128, 221 code disc, 243–246 Code lock, 168 Codem, 89 codes 5-pin, 42–44, 51 6-pin, 43, 44, 51, 87 7-pin, 51, 66 adjacent, 37 angular, 291 bitting, 13, 24, 261, 472, 497 blind, 13, 40INDEX 579 block, 126 changing, 128, 171, 465 country, 23 cryptographic, 475 dealer, 125 definition of, 23 digital, 463 direct, 13, 40 disc, 235, 243, 244 duplication, 52 encrypted, 136 equivalent, 44 exhausting of, 11 increased, 21, 52, 60 indirect, 13, 40, 235, 261 inductive, 360 key see key codes, 25 keypad, 22 lever lock, 353, 357, 372 magnetic, 436, 453, 456, 459 memorized, 12, 429 multiplier, 45 number of, 14 permutation, 125 pin-tumbler, 40 plate wafer, 191 progression step, 43 progressive, 245 registration, 52 ridge, 295 side-bar, 295, 296 side-pin, 295 signaling, 5 single-sided, 261 system, 45, 52, 81, 84, 86, 201, 436, 442, 447, 467, 484, 486, 509 unique, 44, 245 usable, 354, 355 user, 131 wafer lock, 177 with bitting rules, 43 with MACS, 42 coding rules see bitting rules, 42 cog wheel, 83 collar, 12, 148, 351, 466, 468 comb pick, 15 combination freezing of, 245, 413, 414 combination lock, 26, 32, 332, 345, 398, 420, 508 combinations theoretical, 25, 40, 51, 86–87 usable, 13, 25, 51 Commodore VN see Holden Commodore, 478 compensated pin stack, 37, 55, 71, 97–98, 296, 301 computer key, 178, 477 computer numerical control, 61, 248, 285, 306 computer program see program, 25 conning, 352, 356 constant offset, 283 constant-width bitting, 189, 190, 324, 325, 327, 343, 378, 395, 397, 428, 482 construction keying, 11, 128 consumer goods and services, 8 contact angle, 243 contact point, 54, 179, 207, 223, 243, 249, 256, 329, 362, 400, 403, 483, 488, 500 contact surface, 145, 158, 247, 251, 343, 351, 397 continuum, 421 contouring, 344, 352, 364 control card, 166 control key, 39, 70, 272 control shear line, 69 convenience key cruciform, 472 double-sided, 86–87, 179, 470 conventions lever lock, 318 lock descriptions, 23 pin-tumbler lock, 24, 34 wafer lock, 176 Corbin see Emhart, 160580 INDEX Corbin 5-pin cylinder, 34 Corbin IC, 39 core see pin-tumbler lock, 34 CorKey, 463 TriSec mechanism, 464 CorKey Control Systems, 463 corrosion, 14, 173, 301, 437 Cotterill lock, 387 Cotterill, E., 387 countermeasure, 344 counter-milling, 295 counter-pin, 124, 133 country codes, 23 crank, 372, 381, 383 Crepinsek, A., 92, 116 crime wave, 188 cruciform lock, 111 curtain, 351, 359, 362, 403, 404 curtain lever, 359 curtain pick, 340, 355, 358 curved shear line, 93, 116, 159 customer see requirements, 8, 11 cut angled, 288, 383, 388, 400, 403 double, 289, 290 inverted, 157 numbering, 25, 37, 70, 119, 125, 139, 160, 176, 235, 278, 296, 301, 311, 352, 397, 450 offset, 290 pitted, 385, 403, 408 radiused, 244, 351, 403, 408, 419 twin, 392 cut angle, 40, 41, 62, 235, 266, 288 cut depth see depth of cut, 25 cut root, 40 cylinder see pin-tumbler lock, 34 Daimler & Maybach, 469 damping, 191, 249, 261, 383, 462 date see filing date or issue date, 10 Davis, G., 414 Day & Newell, 336 dead-lift lever, 389, 483 dead-lift pin, 102 deadlatch, 114, 373 deadlock, 73, 255, 259, 274, 349, 370 dealer code see dealer permutation, 125 dealer perm see dealer permutation, 125 dealer permutation, 125, 230, 286, 296, 301, 307 decoder, 17, 26, 56, 140, 231, 291, 355, 420, 468, 487 decoding, 15, 55, 210, 217, 238, 291, 338, 341–343, 362, 369, 379, 414, 450, 453, 454 degree of freedom, 162, 288, 304, 339, 392, 406 D´eny, 414 depth and space, 41 depth increment, 37, 40, 71, 86, 124, 177, 191, 353, 365, 389, 421 depth of cut, 25, 37, 40, 44, 55, 113, 115, 120, 139, 194, 207, 221, 251, 261, 266, 268, 277, 289, 296, 310, 325, 353–355, 372, 373, 383, 389, 413, 417, 419, 421, 429, 457, 471, 476, 486, 497 design patent, 10 destructive opening, 13, 14–16, 481 detainer, 371, 374 detector lock see lever lock, 365 dial, 322, 345, 401 Dickens, Charles, 559 die-cast, 115, 170, 173, 191, 217, 260, 421, 424 Diebold 175, 430 digital lock, 22, 421, 508 dimple see boring, 86 dimple key, 52, 59, 60, 79, 85, 86, 90, 93–94, 99, 103, 116–117, 128, 131, 133, 137, 264, 272, 472, 497INDEX 581 DIN see standards, 12 direct drive, 201, 275 disc tumbler lock see wafer lock, 173 dissertation Bramah, 558 Chubb, 6, 317, 341, 510 Yale, 7, 339 DOM D, 92 Diamant, 247 iX-10, 91–93 iX-5, 86, 93 S, 64 DOM Sicherheitstechnik, 64, 92, 247, 302 Donovan, W. F., 45 Doppel Bramah-Chubb, 215 double-bitted key, 96, 231, 324–325, 327, 332, 343, 345, 365, 376, 380, 395, 398, 405, 415, 419, 424, 480 double-entry lock, 137, 313, 325, 352, 354, 373 double-nosed lock, 431 double-sided key, 179, 186, 190, 224, 231, 281, 472, 476 doubly broached see multiplex master-keying, 46 doubly-cut key, 290 dovetail, 339, 412 drill resistance, 49–50, 75, 82–84, 93, 97, 124, 129, 133, 191, 214, 241, 247, 252, 259, 270, 296, 307, 308, 364, 420, 450 drill-pin, 115, 148, 205, 388, 403, 406, 426, 428 driver disc, 243 driver pin see pin-tumbler lock, 34–35 driver spring see pin-tumbler lock, 34 driverless pin-tumbler lock, 229, 232, 257, 264, 275, 287, 504 Drumm Geminy, 50 dual-control lock see safe deposit lock, 345, 429 Dudley lock, 183, 199, 280, 491 Dudley Lock Corporation, 472 DUO, 191 dust guard, 469 Eagle Lock Company, 199, 441 Egyptian lock, 32 electric motor, 34, 207, 461 electrical contact, 128, 360, 474 electromagnet, 437 electromagnetic, 436, 450, 457, 466 electromechanical, 4, 10, 22, 245, 442, 474, 509 electronic lock, 12, 22, 39, 61, 111, 128, 131, 136, 168, 313, 360, 386, 421, 429, 436, 463, 475, 504, 508, 509 elevation, 295, 304 Elzett magnetic lock, 445 Emhart, 160 energy, 76, 437 entrance set see key-in-knob lock, 34 ENV rated, 420, 424 Eras, V. J. M., 49, 340, 345, 404 European Certification Board see ENV rated, 420 Europrofile cylinder, 13, 33, 39, 77 Everest see Schlage Everest, 108 Everest Primus, see Schlage Primus, 307 EVVA 3KS, 283 5 pin, 64 DPS see EVVA DPX, 81 DPX, 81 ECS, 463 ELMO, 286 GPI, 65582 INDEX MCS, 459 EVVA-Werk, 64, 283, 302, 445, 459 FAC, 52 Falcon IC, 39, 69 Falle Safe Securities, 56, 414 false depth gate, 237, 243, 246, 255, 283 groove, 296, 502 hole, 267, 270 notch, 207, 249, 252, 277, 281 slot, 291 Faraday, M., 436 Federlos see springless lock, 324 Felter, P. S., 173, 190, 225 fence, 230, 268, 277, 289, 295, 308, 412 fence-bar, 225 ferrite, 437, 442 ferromagnetic, 441 Fichet, 252, 395 click, 345 NS pompe, 153, 224, 382 Fichet, Alexandre, 252 Fichet-Bauche, 231 484, 252 666, 281 787, 27, 409 M2B, 392 M2i, 392 Monopole, 390 Sans Souci, 373 figure credits, 521 filing date, 10, 440, 521 finger pin, 297, 304, 307, 309 fire resistance, 13, 252 Fitz Gerald, J. W., 413, 484 flange, 141, 144, 166, 351, 372, 467 flaw see security flaw, 8 flipping, 171, 236, 339 floating ball, 61, 95, 105, 136, 196, 258, 302 cam, 344 pin, 158 flush mounting, 454 fob, 475 Fontaine, 210 footprint, 424 forced entry, 12, 15, 255 Ford 10-cut, 471 Ford Chubb, 482 Ford Motor Company, 469 Ford Tibbe, 474, 479 foreigner-proof lock, 188 forend, 347, 351, 361, 363 formula combination, 528 MACS, 41 permutation, 528 Fort Lock Corporation, 139, 140 fractal, 44 Fraigneux Liega, 231 Fraigneux, Emile, 231 ´ friction, 207, 255, 383, 398, 459 FTH Thirard, 86, 145 fulcrum, 330, 343 function dependence, 51, 177 mathematical, 41 of lock, 8, 33, 34, 175, 221, 349, 419, 509 program, 561–562 functionality, 10 gate array, 332, 424 complementary, 378 disc, 236, 243, 481 false, 237, 310, 372, 384, 417 lever, 231, 260, 316, 324, 330, 340, 351, 352, 355, 364, 366, 372, 377, 380, 384, 415, 417, 421, 432 multiple, 345 offset, 251, 278 rocker, 255 rotor, 445, 462 slider, 207, 303 wheel, 345 gauge, 55, 481, 487 gear, 222, 332, 412INDEX 583 Gege AP 3000, 82 GEM see ACE, 138 Genakis, J. M., 162, 292 General Motors, 229, 469, 472, 474, 484 Genii see MagLok, 442 German levers, 324, 358, 426 GM Holden, 484 gradings for locks, 26 Great Exhibition, 6, 183, 320, 321, 337, 389 Great Lock Controversy, 560–561 Gretsch-Unitas Group, 129 grouping of lever bellies see belly grouping, 342 guard key, 27, 345, 431, 432 guardian key see guard key, 27 Gunnebo AB, 231, 252, 349, 365 gunpowder, 16, 343 Hall effect sensor, 22, 459 handedness, 116, 125, 240, 249, 251, 297, 403 hardplate, 51, 351 Head, 98 Helason, 114 Henriksson, Emil, 226 Henry, J., 436 hierarchy see profile hierarchy, 45 high-security lock definition, 12 Hobbs Hart and Co., 337, 349 Hobbs lock, 336, 421 Hobbs pick, 15, 54, 238, 246, 340, 355, 365, 378 Hobbs, A. C., 6, 183, 320, 336, 389 Holden Commodore, 476 horizontal keyway, 86 hotel lock, 11, 38, 163, 168, 221, 442 Huf-Ymos, 472, 474, 489, 495 Hunter, Ebenezer, 319 hybrid lock, 439, 442, 447, 450, 457 hysteresis, 437 IC see interchangeable core, 39 ignition lock, 470, 474, 488, 499 IKON 5-pin, 64 System M, 459 IKON AG, 64, 307 Illinois Lock Company, 191 impressioning, 7, 15, 54, 189, 316, 341, 459 difficulty grading, 26 inactive lever, 432 indirect code, 13, 24, 40, 235, 245, 295 industrial revolution, 2, 5, 315 industry standards see standards, 12 Ingersoll, 259 Ingersoll-Rand, 131 innovation, 8, 11, 60, 558 insurance standards see standards, 12 interchange see key interchange, 37 interchangeable core, 11, 38, 69, 108, 307, 308 Internet, 3, 5 invention, 16, 31, 329, 349 inventor, 223, 304, 332, 548, 558 ISEO R11, 103 R6, 150 ISEO Serrature, 103 issue date, 10, 440 Italian levers, 325 Izis Arnov, 143 Jack in the box, 6 jail lock, 224, 445 Janus see BKS, 129 Japan, 188 jiggler key, 178, 477584 INDEX John Tann see Tann, 365 Johnson’s rotary lock, 142 Josiah Parkes and Sons, 330, 349 JPM 505, 145 JPM 2002, 118 Junkunc Bros. see American Lock Company, 66 K¨ astner lock, 227, 332 K¨ astner, Carl see Carl K¨astner, 215 K¨ uhne Panzer, 405 K¨ uhne, Hermann, 405 Kaba, 92, 115, 188 20, 116 Elolegic, 128 ExperT, 125 Gemini see KESO, 118 Nova, 128 Quattro, 122 Star, 117 Vario, 128 Kaba AG, 82, 115, 116, 120, 128, 429, 505, 510 Kaba Ilco, 431 KESO 1000 S, 119 2000 Omega, 120 2002, 118 KESO AG, 116 Kettering, C., 469 key 999, 76 asymmetric see asymmetric key, 231 bilateral see bilateral key, 92 blank, 10, 25, 34, 45, 46, 49, 51–55, 61, 86, 106, 125, 191, 492, 498 bolt-step see bolt-step, 321 breakage, 11, 43, 240, 246, 253 bump, 15, 58, 76 change, 37, 71, 88, 142, 210, 221, 298, 330, 332, 421, 468 code change, 128, 221 code computations, 42–44, 178, 354, 355, 497, 500, 561–562 codes, 28, 40, 42, 46, 177, 178, 191, 201, 285, 419, 442, 447, 457, 463, 467, 471, 484, 486, 504 comb, 226 computer see computer key, 178 construction, 11, 128 control, 49, 52, 59, 108, 244, 272, 307, 459 cruciform, 112, 474, 502 detachable-bit, 227, 339, 424 dimple see dimple key, 90 double-bitted see double-bitted key, 231 double-sided see double-sided key, 179 doubly cut, 290 end-bitted, 149, 207, 215, 224, 255, 278, 380, 382 flat lever, 431 folding, 424 forcing, 255 guard see guard key, 27 guardian see guard key, 27 handedness see handedness, 125 internal cut, 209, 478, 488, 495, 499 jiggler see jiggler key, 178 kit, 217 make-up see make-up key, 55 movable element, 60, 90, 95, 122, 134, 274 pipe see pipe key, 115 programming, 217INDEX 585 prong, 31, 140, 143, 255 quadruple-bitted see quadruple-bitted key, 6 rearrangeable-bit, 338, 339 registration, 13 regulating, 319, 365 removable-bit, 337 renter see renter key, 27 reversible see reversible key, 87 series, 42, 177, 353 side-track see side-track key, 183 skeleton see skeleton key, 45 split see split key, 95 try-out see try-out key, 178 twin-bitted, 373 wave see side-track key, 201 key and combination lock, 345 key cutting, 13, 41, 55, 229, 301, 477, 479 key guide, 420, 431 key interchange, 37, 43, 49, 51–52, 125, 177, 301 key safe, 208 key switch, 87, 174, 196 key-changeable lock, 142, 170, 217, 221, 421, 424 key-drive lock, 75 key-in-knob lock, 34, 40, 123, 308, 463 key-retaining ball, 448, 463 pin, 452 keypad, 22, 509 keyway corrugated, 33, 49 insert, 273 mezzanine, 87 obverse, 307 overhang, 101, 108 paracentric, 33, 49, 53 see pin-tumbler lock, 34 knob set see key-in-knob lock, 34 Kromer Central, 332 Differential, 329 Integral, 332 Novum, 324 Protector, 231, 327, 398 Reling, 325, 416 Kromer, Theodor, 216, 327, 398 La Gard 2200, 239, 332, 399 ladder, 452 lafette, 322, 401 see plunger lock, 208 lamination, 187, 259, 383, 414, 426 Lancia, 472, 497 Laperche, 210 Diam, 90 latchbolt, 340, 349, 356, 509 lathe, 173, 558, 560 laundromat, 191 leading edge, 36, 274, 301, 356, 362, 388, 406 LeFebure lock, 332 letter combination padlock, 224, 506 lever actuator, 380 balance, 321, 405 belly, 340, 343, 352, 355, 366, 371, 378, 412, 421, 426, 432 closed, 264, 343 contouring, 352 dead-lift, 389, 481 gate see gate, 315 German, 324 high-lift, 353 inactive, 432 Italian, 325 low-lift, 353, 364 meshing, 332 monitor, 352, 360 pair, 403 quadruple, 322586 INDEX scoop-type, 385 split, 329, 400 lever lock, 313 axial, 379 Bell Labs, 344 Butter’s system, 370 CAWI, 405 changeable, 330, 332 Chubb 3G110, 370 Chubb 3G114, 349 Chubb Ava, 394 classification, 348 clicker, 345 conventional, 349 Cotterill, 387 cylindrical, 394 D´eny, 414 Day & Newell, 336 decoding, 340 detector lock, 365 double-acting, 316 double-bitted, 324, 375 double-throw, 325, 375 dual-control, 429 Fichet-Bauche 787, 409 Fichet-Bauche Monopole, 390 Fichet-Bauche Sans Souci, 373 geared, 409 history, 314 Hobbs, 336 Italian, 375 Kromer Protector, 398 master-keying, 329, 330 Mauer Variator, 424 Miller, 379 Mottura, 375 Muel, 384 NS Fichet, 382 operating principle, 313 radial, 387 Ross 102, 360 Ross 600, 363 Ross 700, 416 S&G 6804, 420 safe deposit, 345 security, 340 terminology, 319 trap-door, 414 twin, 327, 416 two-stump, 327, 360 variable, 420 Yale Magic Infallible, 339 leverage, 330 limousine, 469, 480 Lips, 50, 116, 207, 327, 345, 349 Lips Vago, 207 Liquidonics Industries, 439, 442, 457 loading sequence, 180, 187, 193, 264, 417, 419, 500 lock car, 467 lever, 313 magnetic, 435, 439 pin-tumbler, 31 side-bar, 223 wafer, 173 lock gradings, 26 lock-out, 16 lock-pick, 178 feeler, 95 rake, 54 snake, 54, 487 umbrella, 207 lockpicking, 15, 17, 27, 53, 148, 337, 358, 372 lock sports, 17 locker, 87, 199, 279 locksmithing, 4 Lockwood 7-pin, 66 7, 99 Twin, 299 V7, 97 logical operation and, 430 either/or, 222 loiding, 166 look-up table, 245 Lori, 279 Louis XVI, 1, 131 Lowe & Fletcher, 174, 179INDEX 587 LPS see standards, 12 Lynx, 217 M&C, 76–78 MacKinnon’s lock, 337 MACS, 25, 40, 51, 139, 177, 201, 301, 472, 476, 486, 497, 501 asymmetric, 354, 365 unrestricted, 207, 237, 255, 268, 354 variable, 162, 290 magazine, 8 MagLok, 442, 454 Magnet-Regeltechnik, 445 magnetic field, 436 magnetic lock Anker, 450 attraction based, 440 classification, 439 EVVA MCS, 459 history, 439 IKON System M, 459 MagLok, 454 magnetic materials, 436 master-keying, 447 Miracle Magnetic, 457 Miwa 14-magnet, 448 Miwa 3800, 450 Miwa 8-magnet, 450 Miwa EC, 448 rotating tumbler, 445 Schlage CorKey, 463 sliding tumbler, 441 magnetic materials, 436 Alnico, 437 ceramic, 438 Cunife, 442 rare earth, 438 samarium-cobalt, 438 magnetic stripe card see swipe card, 436 magnetic tumbler binary, 439 multipole, 439 magnetism, 436 magnetization pattern, 466 maison-keying, 38, 51, 447 make-up key, 55, 338, 358 manipulation resistance, 14, 26, 45, 56, 68, 90, 97, 108, 113, 133, 144, 153, 174, 180, 199, 204, 270, 301, 318, 344, 453, 468, 476, 484, 494 manual labor, 3, 321 manufacturing, 3, 9, 53, 61, 186, 236, 364, 439 manufacturing tolerances see tolerances, 27 mapping the lock, 7 marking, 315, 344, 356, 360, 419, 424, 481 Marlock, 168 master pin, 37–38, 71, 270, 289, 296, 301, 307 master ring cylinder, 37, 69, 75 master-keying ABA, 198 Abloy, 237, 244, 245 ASSA Desmo, 277 ASSA Twin, 296, 298 axial lock, 140 BiLock, 270 Bramah, 207 Bricard, 196 car lock, 472, 475, 500 codes, 43, 44 complex, 8 cruciform lock, 113 design, 4 differing, 37 Emhart, 162 IC lock, 72 Ingersoll, 261 Kaba, 119, 124, 128 KESO, 116 lever lock, 329, 330, 355, 371 Lockwood Twin, 301 magnetic lock, 435, 439, 447, 450, 453, 468 Medeco, 266, 289, 291 Mul-T-Lock, 157588 INDEX multiplex, 45, 64 permutation, 525 pickability, 27, 72 positional, 447, 468 profile pin, 88, 108 recombination, 39 safe lock, 348 scale, 11, 97, 229 Schlage Primus, 307 SEA, 204 side-bar lock, 229 terminology, 46 Tover, 153 wafer lock, 174, 178 matrix, 22, 163, 442, 467, 531 Maudslay, Henry, 558 Mauer Variator, 424 Maurold, Ulrich, 405 Max Zahn, 215, 324 Maxis, 68 mechanically reprogrammable, 168, 184, 217, 255 mechatronic lock, 128, 286 Medeco 3, 291 Biaxial, 290 cam lock, 264, 287 Mercedes, 469, 474, 491 four-track, 491 two-track, 487 mezzanine keyway, 87 microprocessor, 442 microswitch, 345, 371, 379 Miller lock, 379, 382 Miller Lock Company, 224, 379 Milner, 324, 330, 345, 399 minimum depth difference, 43 Miracle lock see Chubb Ava, 398 Miracle Magnetic, 457 Mitsubishi, 493 Miwa 14-magnet, 448 3800, 450 8-magnet, 450 EC, 448 PR, 264 U9, 188, 262 wafer lock, 186 MLA Binary Plus, 106 V7, 97 mobile element see movable element, 60 monitor lever, 352, 360 monoblock cylinder, 252 Moreaux, 112 mortice cylinder, 23, 32, 33, 39 mortice lock, 96, 205, 259, 302, 349, 352, 370, 378 Mosler, 424 Mosler 5700, 431 Mossman, J. M., 50, 330 motor see electric motor, 34 motor car, 469 motor vehicle, 469 Mottura Champions, 257 double-bitted, 375 end-bitted, 255 Mottura S.p.A., 255 movable element, 60, 90, 95, 120, 134, 264, 274, 393 Muel, 384 Mul-T-Lock, 90, 156, 188 conventional, 156 Gamma, 158 interactive, 158 multiple broaching, 45 multiplex master-keying, 11, 38, 45 museum, 131 mushroom driver see spooled driver, 56 negative angle, 240 magnetization, 437 offset, 251, 483 Neiman, 472, 474 Newell lock, 336 Newell, R., 337INDEX 589 nickel silver, 66, 93, 126, 125, 157, 193, 260, 293, 296, 301, 449, 459 nickel-plated, 68, 77, 419, 424 nitroglycerin, 16 nondestructive opening, 12, 16, 26, 365, 420, 456, 507 nonsymmetric key see asymmetric key, 112 nonuniform bitting, 297 Norman Lock Company, 63 Nova Acytra, 375 numbering Abloy lock, 235 Anker lock, 450 ASSA lock, 296 Ava lock, 397 axial lock, 139 Kaba lock, 119, 124 lever lock, 352 Lockwood lock, 37 Lockwood Twin, 301 Mul-T-Lock, 157 pin-tumbler lock, 25, 37 position, 25 Scorpion lock, 311 Tubar lock, 278 wafer lock, 176 obverse keyway, 307 Oersted, H., 436 off-axis pin, 93, 106, 295 offset angle, 251 bore, 310 gate, 355, 417, 421, 424 height, 421 value, 14 variable, 482 variable depth, 257 vertical, 325, 427 Ogden Industries, 97, 99, 247 operating groove, 295 operating shear line, 70 organization of chapters, 28 organization of subject matter, 22 ornamental cut, 153, 196, 423 overlift, 108, 132, 177, 182, 281, 320, 345, 368, 379, 396, 408 overraise, 54, 100, 106, 111, 317, 319, 369, 384, 392, 494 override, 22, 508 overrotate, 226, 237 oxy-acetylene torch, 16 Pacific Interactive see Central, 148 padlock, 27, 32, 39, 66, 68, 79, 84, 111, 116, 140, 154, 157, 169, 191, 223, 238, 245, 259, 321, 379, 395, 442, 457 Champion, 380 hook lever, 380 pairing constraint, 419 pancake padlock, 379 Panzer see Bode-Panzer, 322 paracentric keyway, 33, 34, 49, 53, 79, 83 parautoptic lock, 336 parking meter, 199, 279 Parnis magnetic lock, 445 Parsons, T., 321, 405 pass card, 166 patent, 5, 6, 9–11, 17, 28, 440 tables, 549–557 permutation, 330, 525 permutation equivalence matrix, 532 permutation lock, 330 Peugeot, 474 Philips Corporation, 438 Picard see Vigie Picard, 210 Picardie Interactive see Mul-T-Lock, 158 pick gun, 57 picking difficulty grading, 26 see lockpicking, 53 pillar, 246 pin ball deflection, 95 blocking, 61, 91, 95, 100, 102, 108, 120, 126, 131, 134590 INDEX bottom see pin-tumbler lock, 34 check, 108, 136, 307 dead-lift, 102 driver see pin-tumbler lock, 34 flanged, 69, 76, 124 fore and aft, 290 off-axis see off-axis, 93 top see pin-tumbler lock, 34 trap see trap pin, 77 pin-and-cam tool, 55, 338, 358 pin chamber see pin-tumbler lock, 34 pin spacing, 40 pin stack, 37, 45, 55, 71, 296 pin-tumbler coaxial, 140, 157 concentric, 51, 153, 156 geometry, 59 pin-tumbler lock, 31 5-pin, 34, 40, 64 6-pin, 51 7-pin, 51 ABUS TS 5000, 101 ACE, 138 active key element, 61 active profile pin, 60, 99 AGE, 154 Alpha, 87 American Lock Company (Junkunc Bros.), 66 axial, 138 Azbe, 89 Binary Plus, 106 BKS Janus, 129 Bricard Chifral, 131 Central, 146 classification, 63 Code lock, 168 Codem, 89 codes, 40 concentric pin, 153 cruciform, 111 depth and space, 41 DOM iX-10, 91 DOM S, 64 Emhart, 160 EVVA, 64 EVVA DPX, 81 Gege, 82 GEM, 138 Head, 98 Helason, 114 history, 31 horizontal keyway, 86 IKON, 64 inline, 64 interchangeable core, 38, 69 ISEO R11, 103 ISEO R6, 150 Izis Arnov, 143 JPM 505, 145 Kaba, 115 Kaba ExperT, 125 Kaba Gemini, 118 Kaba Nova, 128 Kaba Quattro, 122 KESO, 116 KESO 1000 S, 119 KESO 2000 Omega, 120 KESO 2002, 118 key-changeable, 168 Laperche Diam, 90 lock-picking, 53 Lockwood 7, 99 Lockwood V7, 97 M&C, 76 master-keying, 45 Maxis, 68 Mul-T-Lock, 156 Mul-T-Lock interactive, 158 multiple inline, 115 operating principle, 34 passive profile pin, 59, 79 pin design, 59 pin geometry, 59 pin matrix, 163 Pollux, 146INDEX 591 Rivers, 73 rotating pin, 160 Schlage Everest, 108 security, 49 spooled driver, 56 Tover 27A, 151 Tover 2F30, 96 tubular, 138 twin inline, 91 Vachette 2000, 105 Vachette Radial, 133 Vachette VIP, 84 Van Lock, 140 Vingcard, 163 Winkhaus Titan, 110 Winkhaus VS, 79 Wiselock, 154 YBU, 137 Zenith Cavith, 149 pinion, 332 pipe key, 115, 146, 215, 227, 380, 388, 403 pivoting key element, 61, 95, 131, 274 pivoting key step, 329 pivoting lever, 224, 231, 260, 325, 372, 380, 389 pivoting pin, 440 plasto-ferrite magnet, 438, 464 plate wafer, 190, 225, 395 plug coaxial, 75 see pin-tumbler lock, 34 plug-spinner, 78 plugless lock, 414 plunger lock, 208, 322 Polhem, C., 223 Pollux conventional see Central, 146 Interactive see Central, 148 Porsche, 474, 491, 495 positive angle, 240 location, 112, 242, 366, 455 locking, 190, 489 offset, 251, 482 post office, 66, 404 powder-proof lock, 16, 339, 343 Preddey, B., 267, 273 Price, G., 7, 320, 345 Primus see Schlage Primus, 304 prison lock see jail lock, 224 production see manufacturing, 3 profile control pin see profile pin, 49 profile cylinder, 23, 34, 39, 50, 77, 129, 286 profile hierarchy, 45–47, 99 profile pin, 49, 79 active, 60, 99, 204 passive, 59, 87 profile plate, 241, 396, 403 program, 25, 42–44, 166, 221, 354, 532, 561–562 programming key, 217, 221 Progr`es Fontaine see Fontaine, 210 progression step, 43, 44, 51, 139 progressioning, 356, 472, 476, 486, 500 protection against attack, 12, 50, 150, 257, 340, 363, 487 against copying design, 9, 10, 52 against drilling see drill resistance, 75 against key duplication, 120, 134, 150, 196, 229, 232, 244, 248, 297, 307, 329, 383, 386, 400 against picking see manipulation resistance, 13 against punching, 384 against rapping, 468 fire, 349 of assets, 8 of ideas, 9 of information, 5 prototype, 10, 442592 INDEX proximity card, 4, 508 Prunbauer, K., 82, 283, 286, 302, 445, 459 public domain, 9, 26, 548 push-button, 22, 208 push-key lock, 205, 213, 255, 379, 382, 469 push-wafer, 210 quadrant, 249, 481 quadruple-bitted key, 6, 322 quadruple-throw lock, 375 quadruplex lock, 31 quotation, 6, 7, 12, 15, 231, 317, 328, 329, 339, 559 R´eaumur, R. A. F., 7 rack, 170, 182, 184, 220, 222, 332, 412, 426 rack and pinion, 332 radio frequency (RF), 128, 475, 508 raking, 54 rapping, 15, 76, 204, 454, 468 rare earth, 438 ratchet, 345 ratings for locks, 26 ratio cost to performance, 508 strength to weight, 438 Ratner, 330 real estate, 208 rear-anchored plug, 487, 499 rearrangeable-bit key, 338, 339 rearrangement, 338, 525 recombinatable lock, 170, 183, 184, 217, 221 recombinate, 11, 38, 39, 66, 128, 168, 171, 332, 421, 468, 509 redundant bitting, 153, 196, 423 reed switch, 436, 442, 459 references, 10 registered design, 9 registration, 9–10, 53, 55, 83, 98, 106, 126, 261, 267, 288, 301 regulating key, 319, 365 reliability, 3, 12, 58, 61, 171, 173, 217, 301, 324, 352, 467, 508 relocker, 16 removable-bit key, 337 removable core, 39, 66, 271 see interchangeable core, 38–39 Renault TS, 115, 474 renter key, 27, 345, 430–432 reprogram, 39, 168, 255, 463 reprogrammable see mechanically reprogrammable, 168 requirements, 8, 11–13, 44, 66, 77, 168, 177, 301, 352, 361, 430, 472, 476, 477, 495 resettable see mechanically reprogrammable, 217 see recombinatable lock, 168 resistance unit, 14 restricted blank, 55, 86, 98, 209, 217, 235, 278, 281, 306 restricted keyway shape see paracentric keyway, 140 retrofit, 122, 188, 299, 307, 308, 457 return bar, 240, 244 reversible key, 87, 89, 97, 116, 129, 158, 179, 201, 240, 257, 283, 416, 468, 471, 472, 476, 482, 491, 500, 502 reward for lockpicking, 17, 183, 291, 318, 321, 338, 340, 399, 404 RF induction, 22, 245, 360, 436, 473, 510 ridge code, 295 Rielda, 217 Rielda Serrature S.R.L., 217 rim cylinder, 23, 33, 39, 394, 448 Rivers, 73, 502 rivet, 189, 330 roller bolt, 356 Romer & Co., 225 Romer lock, 225, 332 Rosengrens-Tann, 365INDEX 593 Ross 102, 360 600, 363 700, 416 Ross Security Locks, 313, 360 rotary lock, 142 rotating disc lock, 239, 332 rotor, 34, 407, 445, 459 rubber, 249, 261, 406, 466 Russell, W., 559 S&G 4440, 430 4500, 347 6700, 332 6804, 420 6860, 332 combination lock, 332 disc lock, 238 keyed combination lock, 332 recombinatable lock, 184 safe deposit lock, 345, 430 safe, 6, 12, 16, 224, 252, 313, 340, 349, 365, 382, 401 safe deposit box, 95, 252, 327, 332, 345, 360, 405, 430 safe deposit lock Chubb, 429 Diebold 175, 430 DOM, 95 dual control, 345 LeFebure, 332 Mosler 5700, 431 S&G 4440, 430 safe lock Arnheim, 207 Bauche, 390 Bode-Panzer, 322 Bramah-Chubb, 215 CAWI, 405 Chubb, 342, 358, 394 cruciform, 113 Fichet, 382 Fichet click, 345 Fraigneux, 231 Italian, 379 K¨ astner, 227 Kromer, 398 manipulation, 508 Mauer, 424 Ross, 360, 416 S&G, 420 standards, 13 twin-lever, 327 UK manufacturers, 330 samarium-cobalt, 438 Sargent, 47, 116 Sargent & Greenleaf see S&G, 420 Sargent, James, 420 sashlock, 349, 356 Scandinavian padlock, 223, 332 Schlage CorKey, 463 Everest, 108 Primus, 304 Schulte-Schlagbaum, 442 scope, 4, 22, 60, 436, 475 Scorpion CX-5, 308 SEA 2, 204 3, 204 Normal, 202 SEA Schliess-Systeme AG, 203 seal, 34, 401 Sears, Roebuck & Company, 380 security breach, 5 security flaw, 8, 49, 435 security versus obscurity, 5 Sedley, B. S., 442, 463 segmented pin stack, 37 Sellin, Otto, 329, 404 serrated gate, 327, 337, 364, 365, 372 pin, 140 slider, 395 tumbler, 21 wafer, 182, 220, 472, 490, 496 wedge, 170 servo-motor, 128, 287594 INDEX SFIC Small-format interchangeable core, 39, 69 shackle, 68, 156, 191, 224, 259, 380 shear line, 37, 69 control, 70 inner, 37 operating, 69 outer, 37, 76 shear line vulnerability, 53 shear plane, 139, 144, 151, 153 Shepardson, H. S., 173 Sherlock, 226 shield, 50 shim, 15, 55, 158, 166, 175, 487 shoulder disc, 246 key, 25, 36, 43, 112, 144, 170, 198, 242, 247, 255, 374, 428 pin, 151 slider, 206, 215, 396 wafer, 176, 193, 476, 478, 494, 499 wafer lock, 175 shouldering, 112, 175, 177, 209, 481, 489 shuffling, 339 side-bar code, 295, 310 side-bar lock, 220, 223 Abloy, 234 Abloy Disklock Pro, 240 Abloy Protec, 240 ABUS Plus, 245 ASSA Desmo, 275 ASSA Twin, 292 ASSA Twin V-10, 297 ASSA Twin Combi, 297, 308 Banham, 302 BiLock, 267 Chubb SMI, 245 classification, 233 disc, 234 DOM Diamant, 247 driverless, 264 dual-action, 287 EVVA 3KS, 283 Fichet-Bauche 484, 252 Fichet-Bauche 666, 281 Genakis, 292 Ingersoll, 259 lever, 252 Lockwood Twin, 299 Lori, 279 Medeco Biaxial, 290 Medeco cam lock, 264, 287 Miwa U9, 262 Mottura, 255 New Generation BiLock, 272 Schlage Primus, 304 Scorpion CX-5, 308 Tubar, 277 wafer, 279 Yale 5000, 302 side-bit milling, 306 side-milling, 108, 193, 293, 297, 302, 304, 306–307, 310, 409, 492 side-track key, 183, 199, 201, 203, 277, 280, 283, 309, 474, 487, 489, 493, 506 side-winder see side-track key, 201 Silca, 49 Sima see MagLok, 442 Simplex, 474, 501 single-entry lock, 313 skeleton key, 45, 49, 82, 311, 315, 415, 454 skirt, 142, 144, 341, 351 slide-hammer, 476, 496, 499 slideable fence, 339, 421 slider, 56, 145, 183, 199, 205–208, 210, 215, 255, 303, 322, 329, 387, 394, 397, 399, 450, 462, 463, 482 sliding ball lock, 441 slim jim, 476 smart card, 22 smoking a key blank, 7, 315 software, 463, 486 spacing, 37, 40, 115, 125, 190, 473, 477 Spain, Roy, 230, 264 spline, 92, 139, 288, 291INDEX 595 split key, 95, 345, 430 split lever see lever, 329 split-wafer see wafer, 184 spooled driver, 56, 65, 80, 95, 102, 103, 125, 133, 151, 277, 295, 301 spot weld see weld, 153 spring internally shouldered, 193 spring bar, 225 spring chamber, 176, 180 spring clip, 175, 272, 396, 427, 456, 467, 496 spring constant, 153 spring tension, 37, 58, 98, 132, 157, 198 springless lock, 203, 275, 324 Sputnik, 15, 21, 56, 291, 358, 485 staggered cuts, 79, 97, 129, 189, 207, 255, 260 staggered edges, 477 staggered rows, 91, 310 stainless steel, 50, 133, 157, 205, 296, 416, 454, 456, 464 standards, 12 A2P, 12 AS 4145, 12 BHMA, 14 BS 3621, 12, 349 DIN 18252, 12, 129 EN 1143, 13 EN 1300, 13 EN 1303, 13 LPS 1175, 13 LPS 1183, 13 LPS 1242, 13 Reich Poste, 404 SKG, 77 UL 437, 14 UL 768, 14 VdS, 12 Star Lock Works, 224 stator, 34, 170, 207, 329, 400, 409 steering lock, 137, 470, 477, 487, 493, 499 Stenman, August, 292 stepped disc, 226, 332 stump see bolt stump, 321 Supra, 208 swipe card, 186, 436, 442, 466, 508 symmetry constraint, 261, 285, 352, 356, 361, 373, 479, 493 tail-piece, 34, 63, 71, 123, 151, 241, 253, 256, 383, 412, 455, 466, 489, 502, 503 talon, 320, 321, 343, 351, 352, 366, 372, 378, 419, 421, 427, 432 Tangential, 322 Tann, 330 detector lock, 365 Taylor, W. H., 49 telephone, 138, 264, 344, 386 tensioner, 54, 56, 69, 138, 487 terminology ASSA locks, 296 equivalent terms, 23, 546 foreign, 536 Kaba locks, 124 lever lock, 313, 319 master-keying, 46 pin-tumbler lock, 24, 34 see conventions, 23 thermic lance, 16 thief, 8, 27, 51, 481, 484 throw see bolt throw, 325 thumb-turn, 188 Tibbe see Ford Tibbe, 474 tilting pin, 440, 442, 454 time lock, 420 tip to bow, 296 tolerances, 27, 51, 61, 86, 153, 173, 178, 190, 267, 301, 308, 311, 340, 421, 454, 481, 487 top pin see pin-tumbler lock, 36 toroidal magnet, 456596 INDEX Tover 27A, 151 2F30, 96 Tower of London, 365 Towne, Henry, 33 Toyota 8-cut, 477 trade-off, 505, 509 trailing edge, 352, 355, 362, 406 translation, 7, 12, 13, 212 translational motion, 194, 226, 441, 456, 499 transponder, 4, 22, 61, 111, 128, 131, 136, 245, 475, 481, 489, 495, 504, 509 trap-door lock, 414 trap pin, 76 trap spring, 108 trial and error, 457, 472 Trioving, 163 trip disc, 225 triple-control lock, 345 try-out key, 178, 477, 487 Tubar, 277 tube lock, 153, 154 tubular lock, 140, 205 tumbler chamber, 453 lever, 314 magnetic, 439 pin, 31 wafer, 173 turn-push-turn lock see D´eny, 414 turret, 388, 392 twin-lever lock, 327, 360 UL rated, 14, 140, 191, 267, 279, 287, 296, 307–308 undercut, 40, 82, 108, 181, 308, 395, 398, 483 underlift, 182, 281, 295, 321, 396, 408 underrotate, 226 Underwriters Labs, 14, 16 unintended operability, 49, 51 Union Locks, 330, 349, 371, 380 unpickable lock, 27, 318, 329, 338, 384, 390, 404 utility patent, 9 Vachette, 47, 84, 472, 502 2000, 105 Radial, 133 Radial NT, 134 Radial Si, 133 VIP, 84 Vago, 207 Vak Genius see Muel, 386 valet key, 472, 500 Van Lock, 140, 210 Vanmatic, 142 VATS, 474 vault see safe, 8 VdS see standards, 12 VdS rated, 247, 360, 400, 405, 420, 424 vending machine, 87, 138, 141, 191, 264, 278, 454 vertical-lift lever, 364, 372, 416 side pin, 308 vibrating guard lock see Aubin’s lock, 390 Vigie Picard, 210 Vingcard, 39, 163 Volvo, 474, 499 Voss, Joseph, 64 vulnerability, 6, 53, 167, 355 wafer bar, 183, 199, 202, 281, 283, 304, 489, 493, 494 contoured, 190 double-throw, 174, 179 dual-profile, 178 flanged, 198 paired, 193 plate, 190, 225 push, 210 serrated, 182 single-throw, 174, 470INDEX 597 slider, 199 split, 491, 495 variable-height, 219 wafer lock, 173 ABA Pagoda, 196 American Lock Company, 190 antipicking features, 181 axial, 205, 208 Bell, 183, 199 Bramah, 183, 205 Bramah-Chubb, 215 Bricard 14-wafer, 188 Bricard SuperSˆ uret´e, 194 classification, 184 codes, 177 Commodore VN, 478 contoured, 183, 190 conventional, 186 double-sided, 179, 476 Dudley, 199 DUO, 191 Fontaine, 210 General Motors, 484 history, 173 key-changeable, 217 Laperche, 210 master-keying, 178 Mercedes, 487, 491 Mitsubishi, 493 Miwa, 186 operating principle, 174 plate, 183, 190 Porsche, 495 push-type, 196 Rielda, 217 SEA, 201 Supra, 208 three-sided, 194 Vigie Picard, 210 Winfield, 221 Wake, K., 443 ward bridge, 316 sash, 1, 317, 329 wheel, 316 warded lock, 2, 6, 9, 45, 49, 224, 314, 414 warding see pin-tumbler lock, 34 wave key see side-track key, 201 wear pattern, 145, 343, 351, 364, 379 Web site, 28, 149, 507 Weiss, P., 436 weld, 153, 189, 351 Widen, B. G., 292, 304, 306–307 Willenhall, 259, 349 Winfield, 221 Winkhaus Blue Chip, 111 Titan, 110 VS, 79 Wiselock, 154 Wolter, H., 95, 302 Wolverhampton, 318, 349 World War II, 168, 171, 186, 228, 322, 325, 400, 405, 437, 442, 470 Yale Magic Infallible bank lock, 32, 339 paracentric keyway, 33, 49 Yale 5000, 302 Yale and Towne Manufacturing Co., 33, 45, 49, 230, 265, 501 Yale Lock Manufacturing Company, 33, 173 Yale, Linus Junior, 7, 31, 173 Senior, 31, 68 YBU, 137 Zahn, Max see Max Zahn, 215 zamac see die-cast, 260 Zeiss IKON see IKON, 64 Zeiss, Carl, 64 Zenith Cavith, 149
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