Admin مدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 18961 التقييم : 35389 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Model-Based Fault Diagnosis Techniques الإثنين 31 أغسطس 2020, 11:21 pm | |
|
أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Model-Based Fault Diagnosis Techniques Design Schemes, Algorithms and Tools Second Edition Steven X. Ding
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Part I Introduction, Basic Concepts and Preliminaries 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Basic Concepts of Fault Diagnosis Technique 4 1.2 Historical Development and Some Relevant Issues . 8 1.3 Notes and References 10 2 Basic Ideas, Major Issues and Tools in the Observer-Based FDI Framework 13 2.1 On the Observer-Based Residual Generator Framework 13 2.2 Unknown Input Decoupling and Fault Isolation Issues . 14 2.3 Robustness Issues in the Observer-Based FDI Framework . 15 2.4 On the Parity Space FDI Framework 16 2.5 Residual Evaluation and Threshold Computation 17 2.6 FDI System Synthesis and Design 18 2.7 Notes and References 18 3 Modelling of Technical Systems . 21 3.1 Description of Nominal System Behavior 22 3.2 Coprime Factorization Technique 23 3.3 Representations of Systems with Disturbances . 25 3.4 Representations of System Models with Model Uncertainties . 25 3.5 Modelling of Faults . 27 3.6 Modelling of Faults in Closed-Loop Feedback Control Systems 29 3.7 Case Study and Application Examples . 31 3.7.1 Speed Control of a DC Motor 31 3.7.2 Inverted Pendulum Control System . 34 3.7.3 Three-Tank System . 38 3.7.4 Vehicle Lateral Dynamic System 41 3.7.5 Continuous Stirred Tank Heater . 46 3.8 Notes and References 49 xixii Contents 4 Fault Detectability, Isolability and Identifiability . 51 4.1 Fault Detectability 51 4.2 Excitations and Detection of Multiplicative Faults . 56 4.3 Fault Isolability . 57 4.3.1 Concept of System Fault Isolability . 57 4.3.2 Fault Isolability Conditions . 58 4.4 Fault Identifiability 65 4.5 Notes and References 67 Part II Residual Generation 5 Basic Residual Generation Methods 71 5.1 Analytical Redundancy . 72 5.2 Residuals and Parameterization of Residual Generators 75 5.3 Issues Related to Residual Generator Design and Implementation . 78 5.4 Fault Detection Filter 79 5.5 Diagnostic Observer Scheme 81 5.5.1 Construction of Diagnostic Observer-Based Residual Generators 81 5.5.2 Characterization of Solutions 82 5.5.3 A Numerical Approach . 91 5.5.4 An Algebraic Approach . 96 5.6 Parity Space Approach 98 5.6.1 Construction of Parity Relation Based Residual Generators 98 5.6.2 Characterization of Parity Space 101 5.6.3 Examples . 102 5.7 Interconnections, Comparison and Some Remarks . 103 5.7.1 Parity Space Approach and Diagnostic Observer 104 5.7.2 Diagnostic Observer and Residual Generator of General Form . 108 5.7.3 Applications of the Interconnections and Some Remarks 111 5.7.4 Examples . 113 5.8 Notes and References 115 6 Perfect Unknown Input Decoupling . 117 6.1 Problem Formulation 117 6.2 Existence Conditions of PUIDP . 119 6.2.1 A General Existence Condition . 119 6.2.2 A Check Condition via Rosenbrock System Matrix . 120 6.2.3 An Algebraic Check Condition . 122 6.3 A Frequency Domain Approach . 126 6.4 UIFDF Design 128 6.4.1 The Eigenstructure Assignment Approach . 129 6.4.2 Geometric Approach . 133 6.5 UIDO Design 141 6.5.1 An Algebraic Approach . 141 6.5.2 Unknown Input Observer Approach . 142Contents xiii 6.5.3 A Matrix Pencil Approach to the UIDO Design 146 6.5.4 A Numerical Approach to the UIDO Design 150 6.6 Unknown Input Parity Space Approach . 152 6.7 An Alternative Scheme—Null Matrix Approach 153 6.8 Discussion 154 6.9 Minimum Order Residual Generator 154 6.9.1 Minimum Order Residual Generator Design by Geometric Approach . 155 6.9.2 An Alternative Solution . 157 6.10 Notes and References 160 7 Residual Generation with Enhanced Robustness Against Unknown Inputs . 163 7.1 Mathematical and Control Theoretical Preliminaries 164 7.1.1 Signal Norms 165 7.1.2 System Norms 167 7.1.3 Computation of H2 and H? Norms 169 7.1.4 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) 171 7.1.5 Co-Inner–Outer Factorization 171 7.1.6 Model Matching Problem 174 7.1.7 Essentials of the LMI Technique 175 7.2 Kalman Filter Based Residual Generation 177 7.3 Robustness, Fault Sensitivity and Performance Indices . 180 7.3.1 Robustness and Sensitivity . 181 7.3.2 Performance Indices: Robustness vs. Sensitivity 182 7.3.3 Relations Between the Performance Indices 182 7.4 Optimal Selection of Parity Matrices and Vectors 184 7.4.1 Sf,+/Rd as Performance Index . 184 7.4.2 Sf,?/Rd as Performance Index . 188 7.4.3 JS?R as Performance Index . 190 7.4.4 Optimization Performance and System Order 192 7.4.5 Summary and Some Remarks 193 7.5 H? Optimal Fault Identification Scheme 196 7.6 H2/H2 Design of Residual Generators . 198 7.7 Relationship Between H2/H2 Design and Optimal Selection of Parity Vectors . 201 7.8 LMI Aided Design of FDF . 208 7.8.1 H2 to H2 Trade-off Design of FDF . 208 7.8.2 On the H? Index 213 7.8.3 H2 to H? Trade-off Design of FDF . 221 7.8.4 H? to H? Trade-off Design of FDF 223 7.8.5 H? to H? Trade-off Design of FDF in a Finite Frequency Range 225 7.8.6 An Alternative H? to H? Trade-off Design of FDF 226 7.8.7 A Brief Summary and Discussion 229xiv Contents 7.9 The Unified Solution . 230 7.9.1 Hi/H? Index and Problem Formulation 230 7.9.2 Hi/H? Optimal Design of FDF: The Standard Form . 231 7.9.3 Discrete-Time Version of the Unified Solution . 234 7.9.4 A Generalized Interpretation 235 7.10 The General Form of the Unified Solution . 238 7.10.1 Extended CIOF . 239 7.10.2 Generalization of the Unified Solution . 241 7.11 Notes and References 244 8 Residual Generation with Enhanced Robustness Against Model Uncertainties . 249 8.1 Preliminaries . 250 8.1.1 LMI Aided Computation for System Bounds 250 8.1.2 Stability of Stochastically Uncertain Systems 251 8.2 Transforming Model Uncertainties into Unknown Inputs 252 8.3 Reference Model Based Strategies . 254 8.3.1 The Basic Idea 254 8.3.2 A Reference Model Based Solution for Systems with Norm-Bounded Uncertainties . 254 8.4 Residual Generation for Systems with Polytopic Uncertainties . 261 8.4.1 The Reference Model Scheme Based Scheme . 262 8.4.2 H? to H? Design Formulation . 266 8.5 Residual Generation for Stochastically Uncertain Systems . 267 8.5.1 System Dynamics and Statistical Properties . 268 8.5.2 Basic Idea and Problem Formulation 269 8.5.3 An LMI Solution . 270 8.5.4 An Alternative Approach 277 8.6 Notes and References 280 Part III Residual Evaluation and Threshold Computation 9 Norm-Based Residual Evaluation and Threshold Computation . 285 9.1 Preliminaries . 286 9.2 Basic Concepts 288 9.3 Some Standard Evaluation Functions 289 9.4 Basic Ideas of Threshold Setting and Problem Formulation 291 9.4.1 Dynamics of the Residual Generator 292 9.4.2 Definitions of Thresholds and Problem Formulation 293 9.5 Computation of Jth,RMS,2 296 9.5.1 Computation of Jth,RMS,2 for the Systems with the Norm-Bounded Uncertainty 296 9.5.2 Computation of Jth,RMS,2 for the Systems with the Polytopic Uncertainty . 300 9.6 Computation of Jth,peak,peak . 302 9.6.1 Computation of Jth,peak,peak for the Systems with the Norm-Bounded Uncertainty 302Contents xv 9.6.2 Computation of Jth,peak,peak for the Systems with the Polytopic Uncertainty . 305 9.7 Computation of Jth,peak,2 306 9.7.1 Computation of Jth,peak,2 for the Systems with the Norm-Bounded Uncertainty 306 9.7.2 Computation of Jth,peak,2 for the Systems with the Polytopic Uncertainty . 309 9.8 Threshold Generator . 310 9.9 Notes and References 312 10 Statistical Methods Based Residual Evaluation and Threshold Setting . 315 10.1 Introduction . 315 10.2 Elementary Statistical Methods . 315 10.2.1 Basic Hypothesis Test 315 10.2.2 Likelihood Ratio and Generalized Likelihood Ratio 318 10.2.3 Vector-Valued GLR . 320 10.2.4 Detection of Change in Variance 322 10.2.5 Aspects of On-Line Realization . 323 10.3 Criteria for Threshold Computation . 325 10.3.1 The Neyman–Pearson Criterion . 325 10.3.2 Maximum a Posteriori Probability (MAP) Criterion 326 10.3.3 Bayes’ Criterion . 327 10.3.4 Some Remarks 328 10.4 Application of GLR Testing Methods 328 10.4.1 Kalman Filter Based Fault Detection 329 10.4.2 Parity Space Based Fault Detection . 335 10.5 Notes and References 337 11 Integration of Norm-Based and Statistical Methods 339 11.1 Residual Evaluation in Stochastic Systems with Deterministic Disturbances . 339 11.1.1 Residual Generation . 340 11.1.2 Problem Formulation 341 11.1.3 GLR Solutions 342 11.1.4 An Example . 345 11.2 Residual Evaluation Scheme for Stochastically Uncertain Systems 346 11.2.1 Problem Formulation 347 11.2.2 Solution and Design Algorithms 348 11.3 Probabilistic Robustness Technique Aided Threshold Computation 357 11.3.1 Problem Formulation 357 11.3.2 Outline of the Basic Idea 359 11.3.3 LMIs Used for the Solutions . 360 11.3.4 Problem Solutions in the Probabilistic Framework . 361 11.3.5 An Application Example 363 11.3.6 Concluding Remarks 365 11.4 Notes and References 366xvi Contents Part IV Fault Detection, Isolation and Identification Schemes 12 Integrated Design of Fault Detection Systems . 369 12.1 FAR and FDR 370 12.2 Maximization of Fault Detectability by a Given FAR 373 12.2.1 Problem Formulation 373 12.2.2 Essential Form of the Solution . 374 12.2.3 A General Solution . 376 12.2.4 Interconnections and Comparison 379 12.2.5 Examples . 383 12.3 Minimizing False Alarm Number by a Given FDR . 386 12.3.1 Problem Formulation 387 12.3.2 Essential Form of the Solution . 388 12.3.3 The State Space Form 390 12.3.4 The Extended Form . 392 12.3.5 Interpretation of the Solutions and Discussion . 393 12.3.6 An Example . 397 12.4 On the Application to Stochastic Systems 398 12.4.1 Application to Maximizing FDR by a Given FAR . 399 12.4.2 Application to Minimizing FAR by a Given FDR 400 12.4.3 Equivalence Between the Kalman Filter Scheme and the Unified Solution . 400 12.5 Notes and References 402 13 Fault Isolation Schemes . 405 13.1 Essentials 406 13.1.1 Existence Conditions for a Perfect Fault Isolation . 406 13.1.2 PFIs and Unknown Input Decoupling 408 13.1.3 PFIs with Unknown Input Decoupling (PFIUID) 411 13.2 Fault Isolation Filter Design . 412 13.2.1 A Design Approach Based on the Duality to Decoupling Control 413 13.2.2 The Geometric Approach 416 13.2.3 A Generalized Design Approach 418 13.3 An Algebraic Approach to Fault Isolation 427 13.4 Fault Isolation Using a Bank of Residual Generators 431 13.4.1 The Dedicated Observer Scheme (DOS) 432 13.4.2 The Generalized Observer Scheme (GOS) . 436 13.5 Notes and References 439 14 Fault Identification Schemes . 441 14.1 Fault Identification Filter Schemes and Perfect Fault Identification . 442 14.1.1 Fault Detection Filters and Existence Conditions 442 14.1.2 FIF Design with Measurement Derivatives . 446 14.2 On the Optimal FIF Design . 449 14.2.1 Problem Formulation and Solution Study 449 14.2.2 Study on the Role of the Weighting Matrix . 451Contents xvii 14.3 Approaches to the Design of FIF 456 14.3.1 A General Fault Identification Scheme . 457 14.3.2 An Alternative Scheme . 457 14.3.3 Identification of the Size of a Fault . 458 14.3.4 Fault Identification in a Finite Frequency Range 460 14.4 Fault Identification Using an Augmented Observer . 461 14.5 An Algebraic Fault Identification Scheme 463 14.6 Adaptive Observer-Based Fault Identification 464 14.6.1 Problem Formulation 464 14.6.2 The Adaptive Observer Scheme . 465 14.7 Notes and References 468 15 Fault Diagnosis in Feedback Control Systems and Fault-Tolerant Architecture 471 15.1 Plant and Control Loop Models, Controller and Observer Parameterizations 472 15.1.1 Plant and Control Loop Models . 472 15.1.2 Parameterization of Stabilizing Controllers, Observers, and an Alternative Formulation of Controller Design 473 15.1.3 Observer and Residual Generator Based Realizations of Youla Parameterization 475 15.1.4 Residual Generation Based Formulation of Controller Design Problem . 476 15.2 Residual Extraction in the Standard Feedback Control Loop and a Fault Detection Scheme 478 15.2.1 Signals at the Access Points in the Control Loop 478 15.2.2 A Fault Detection Scheme Based on Extraction of Residual Signals 479 15.3 2-DOF Control Structures and Residual Access . 481 15.3.1 The Standard 2-DOF Control Structures 481 15.3.2 An Alternative 2-DOF Control Structure with Residual Access 483 15.4 On Residual Access in the IMC and Residual Generator Based Control Structures 485 15.4.1 An Extended IMC Structure with an Integrated Residual Access 485 15.4.2 A Residual Generator Based Feedback Control Loop 487 15.5 Notes and References 488 References . 491 Index . Index A Adaptive threshold, 310 Analytical redundancy, 6, 72 output observer based generation, 74 parity relation based generation, 107 B Bezout identity, 24 Bounded Real Lemma, 170, 175 C Case study CSTH, 46, 78, 80, 94, 122, 125, 152, 213, 264, 301 DC motor, 31, 114, 298, 311 inverted pendulum, 34, 95, 97, 103, 120, 139, 156, 234, 261, 425, 427, 459 three-tank system, 38, 55, 65, 67, 336, 345 vehicle lateral dynamic system, 41, 146, 180, 229, 277, 363, 438, 444 Co-inner–outer factorization (CIOF), 171 extended CIOF, 239 Coprime factorization left coprime factorization (LCF), 23 right coprime factorization (RCF), 23 D Design form of residual generators, 79 Diagnostic observer (DO), 81 E Excitation subspace, 56 Extended IMC (EIMC), 485 F False alarm rate (FAR) in the norm-based framework, 372 in the statistical framework, 359, 371 Fault detectability definition, 52, 56 existence conditions, 52 Fault detectability in the norm-based framework, 372 Fault detectability indices, 414 Fault detection, 4 Fault detection filter (FDF), 79 Fault detection rate (FDR) in the norm-based framework, 373 in the statistical framework, 371 Fault identifiability definition, 66 Fault identification, 4 Fault identification filter (FIF), 443 Fault isolability check conditions, 58 definition, 57 Fault isolability matrix, 414 Fault isolation, 4 Fault transfer matrix, 54 FD (fault detection), 4 FDI (fault detection and isolation), 4 FDIA (fault detection, isolation and analysis), 4 G Generalized internal model control (GIMC), 479 Generalized likelihood ratio (GLR), 319 Generalized optimal fault identification problem (GOFIP), 451 GKYP-Lemma, 176 H Hardware redundancy, 4 S.X. Ding, Model-Based Fault Diagnosis Techniques, Advances in Industrial Control, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4799-2, Springer-Verlag London 2013 499500 Index I Implementation form of residual generators, 79 Inner–outer factorization (IOF), 171 K Kalman filter scheme, 178, 329 L Least square estimate, 463 Likelihood ratio (LR), 318 Luenberger equations, 81 a numerical solution, 93 characterization of the solution, 89 Luenberger type output observer, 81 M Maximum likelihood estimate, 319 Mean square stability, 251, 252 Minimum order of residual generators, 86 Missed detection rate (MDR) in the statistical framework, 371 Model matching problem (MMP), 174 Model uncertainties additive perturbation, 25 multiplicative perturbation, 25 norm bounded type, 26 polytopic type, 26 stochastically uncertain type, 26 Modelling of faults, 27 actuator faults, 28 additive faults, 28 faults in feedback control systems, 30 multiplicative faults, 28 process or component faults, 28 sensor faults, 28 N Norm of vectors 2 (Euclidean) norm, 167 ? norm, 167 Norm-based residual evaluation limit monitoring, 288 trend analysis, 288 Norms of matrices Frobenius-norm, 169 ? norm, 169 spectral norm, 169 O Optimal design of residual generators H ?/H? design, 393 H2/H2 design, 198 H2 optimization problem, 208 H2 to H? design, 221 H2 to H2 design, 212 Hi/H? design, see also the unified solution, 231 H? optimal fault identification, 196 H? to H? design, 223 H? to H? design – an alternative solution, 226 H? to H? design in a finite frequency range, 225 Optimal fault identification H? optimal fault identification problem (H? OFIP), 449 Oscillation detection and conditional monitoring, 313 Output observer, 74 P Parameter identification methods, 8 Parameterization of all observers, 474 Parameterization of residual generators, 77 Parity space approach characterization of residual generator, 102 construction of residual generator, 100 minimum order of residual generator, 101 Perfect fault identification (PFI) existence condition, 443 solutions, 443 Perfect fault isolation (PFIs) definition, 407 existence conditions, 407 fault isolation filter, 413 Perfect unknown input decoupling problem (PUIDP), 118 Performance indices H ? index, 214 Hi/H? index, 231 index with inequalities, 182 JS?R index, 182 JS/R index, 182 Sf,+ index, 181 Sf,? index, 181 PI-observer, 462 Plausibility test, 5 Post-filter, 77 R Residual evaluation, 7 Residual evaluation functions average value, 290 peak value, 289 RMS value, 291 Residual generation, 6 Residual generator, 6Index 501 Residual generator bank dedicated observer scheme (DOS), 432 generalized observer scheme (GOS), 436 Residual signal observer-based, 75 parity relation based, 100 S Sensor fault identification, 424, 444 Sensor fault isolation, 432, 444 Set of detectable faults (SDF), 372 Set of disturbances that cause false alarms (SDFA), 371 Signal norms L2 (l2) norm, 165 L? (l?) norm, 166 peak norm, 166 root mean square (RMS), 165, 291 Signal processing based fault diagnosis, 4 Simultaneous state and disturbance estimator, 469 Soft- or virtual sensor, 74 Software redundancy, 6, 72 SVD, 171 System norm generalized H2 norm, 168 H2 norm, 169 H? norm, 168 induced norm, 167 peak-to-peak gain, 168 T Tchebycheff inequality, 352 The unified solution a generalized interpretation, 236 discrete-time version, 234 general form, 242, 378 standard form, 232, 376 Thresholds Jth,peak,2, 294 Jth,peak,peak, 294 Jth,RMS,2, 295 U Unified solution of parity matrix, 191 Unknown input decoupling an algebraic check condition, 122 check condition via Rosenbrock system matrix, 121 frequency domain approach, 126 minimum order residual generator, 154 null matrix, 153 unknown input diagnostic observer (UIDO), 141 unknown input fault detection filter (UIFDF), 128 unknown input observer (UIO), 142 unknown input parity space approach, 152 W Weighting matrix, 451 Y Youla parameterization observer-based realization, 475 original form, 473 residual generation based realization, 476
كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net The Unzip Password : books-world.net أتمنى أن تستفيدوا من محتوى الموضوع وأن ينال إعجابكم رابط من موقع عالم الكتب لتنزيل كتاب Model-Based Fault Diagnosis Techniques رابط مباشر لتنزيل كتاب Model-Based Fault Diagnosis Techniques
|
|