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| موضوع: كتاب Engineering Mechanics - Volume 1 - Statics الأحد 23 أغسطس 2020, 11:21 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Engineering Mechanics - Volume 1 - Statics Ninth Edition J.L. Meriam L.G. Kraige Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University J.N. Bolton Bluefield State College
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents 1 Introduction to Statics 1 1/1 Mechanics 1 1/2 Basic Concepts 2 1/3 Scalars and Vectors 2 1/4 Newton’s Laws 5 1/5 Units 6 1/6 Law of Gravitation 9 1/7 Accuracy, Limits, and Approximations 10 1/8 Problem Solving in Statics 11 1/9 Chapter Review 14 2 Force Systems 17 2/1 Introduction 17 2/2 Force 17 Section A Two-Dimensional Force Systems 20 2/3 Rectangular Components 20 2/4 Moment 26 2/5 Couple 31 2/6 Resultants 34 Section B Three-Dimensional Force Systems 37 2/7 Rectangular Components 37 2/8 Moment and Couple 41 2/9 Resultants 48 2/10 Chapter Review 54 3 Equilibrium 55 3/1 Introduction 55 Section A Equilibrium in Two Dimensions 56 3/2 System Isolation and the Free-Body Diagram 56 3/3 Equilibrium Conditions 66 Section B Equilibrium in Three Dimensions 74 3/4 Equilibrium Conditions 74 3/5 Chapter Review 82 4 Structures 83 4/1 Introduction 83 4/2 Plane Trusses 84 4/3 Method of Joints 86 4/4 Method of Sections 92 4/5 Space Trusses 96 4/6 Frames and Machines 99 4/7 Chapter Review 105 5 Distributed Forces 106 5/1 Introduction 106 Section A Centers of Mass and Centroids 108 5/2 Center of Mass 108 5/3 Centroids of Lines, Areas, and Volumes 110 5/4 Composite Bodies and Figures; Approximations 118 5/5 Theorems of Pappus 122 Section B Special Topics 125 5/6 Beams—External Effects 125 5/7 Beams—Internal Effects 128 5/8 Flexible Cables 135 5/9 Fluid Statics 143 5/10 Chapter Review 153 6 Friction 154 6/1 Introduction 154 Section A Frictional Phenomena 155 6/2 Types of Friction 155 6/3 Dry Friction 155 xiSection B Applications of Friction in Machines 164 6/4 Wedges 164 6/5 Screws 165 6/6 Journal Bearings 169 6/7 Thrust Bearings; Disk Friction 169 6/8 Flexible Belts 172 6/9 Rolling Resistance 173 6/10 Chapter Review 176 7 Virtual Work 177 7/1 Introduction 177 7/2 Work 177 7/3 Equilibrium 180 7/4 Potential Energy and Stability 188 7/5 Chapter Review 197 APPENDIX A Area Moments of Inertia 198 A/1 Introduction 198 A/2 Definitions 199 A/3 Composite Areas 206 A/4 Products of Inertia and Rotation of Axes 209 APPENDIX B Mass Moments of Inertia 214 APPENDIX C Selected Topics of Mathematics 215 C/1 Introduction 215 C/2 Plane Geometry 215 C/3 Solid Geometry 216 C/4 Algebra 216 C/5 Analytic Geometry 217 C/6 Trigonometry 217 C/7 Vector Operations 218 C/8 Series 221 C/9 Derivatives 221 C/10 Integrals 222 C/11 Newton’s Method for Solving Intractable Equations 225 C/12 Selected Techniques for Numerical Integration 227 APPENDIX D Useful Tables 230 Table D/1 Physical Properties 230 Table D/2 Solar System Constants 231 Table D/3 Properties of Plane Figures 232 Table D/4 Properties of Homogeneous Solids 234 Table D/5 Conversion Factors; SI Units 238 PROBLEMS P-1 INDEX I-1 PROBLEM ANSWERS PA-1 Index A Absolute system of units, 7 Acceleration, of a body, 5, 66 due to gravity, 8 Accuracy, 10 Action and reaction, principle of, 5, 19, 56, 83, 99, 105, 128 Active force, 182 Active-force diagram, 183 Addition of vectors, 3, 20, 22, 218 Aerostatics, 143 Angle, of friction, 158 of repose, 160 Approximations, 11, 118 Archimedes, 1 Area, first moment of, 111 second moment of, 111, 198 Area moments of inertia, see Moments of inertia of areas Atmospheric pressure, 144 Axes, choice of, 21, 38, 60, 89, 110, 112 rotation of, 210 Axis, moment, 26, 41 B Beams, concentrated loads on, 125 definition of, 125 distributed loads on, 126 external effects, 126 internal effects, 128 loading-shear relation for, 129, 130 resultant of forces on cross section of, 128 shear-moment relation for, 129, 130, 131 statically determinate and indeterminate, 125 types of, 125 Bearing friction, 169 Belt friction, 172 Bending moment, 128 Bending-moment diagram, 129 Bodies, interconnected, 99, 181 Body, deformable, 2 rigid, 2 Body force, 18, 107 Boundary conditions, 136 British system of units, 7 Buoyancy, center of, 149 force of, 148 principle of, 148 C Cables, catenary, 138 flexible, 135 length of, 138, 140 parabolic, 136 tension in, 137, 140 Cajori, F., 5 Center, of buoyancy, 149 of gravity, 19, 108 of mass, 108, 109, 234 of pressure, 144 Centroids, 110 of composite figures, 118 by integration, 110 of irregular volumes, 119 table of, 232 by theorems of Pappus, 122 Coefficient, of friction, 157, 158, 230 of rolling resistance, 173 Collinear forces, equilibrium of, 66 Components, of a force, 20, 21, 22 rectangular, 4, 20, 21, 22, 37 scalar, 21 of a vector, 4, 20, 21, 22, 37 Composite areas, moment of inertia of, 206 Composite bodies, center of mass of, 118 Composite figures, centroid of, 118 Compression in truss members, 86, 88 Concentrated forces, 19, 106 on beams, 125 Concurrent forces, equilibrium of, 66, 75 resultant of, 19, 22, 35, 49 Cone of friction, 158 Constant of gravitation, 9, 231 Constraint, 69, 77 adequacy of, 70, 78 partial, 78 proper and improper, 70 redundant, 70, 78 Coordinates, choice of, 21, 38, 60, 112, 153, 200 Coplanar forces, equilibrium of, 66, 67 resultant of, 22, 34 Coulomb, 155 Couple, 31, 43 equivalent, 31 moment of, 31, 43 resolution of, 32, 49 resultant, 34, 48, 49 vector representation of, 31, 43 work of, 179 Cross or vector product, 27, 41, 219 D D’Alembert, J., 2 da Vinci, 2 Deformable body, 2 Degrees of freedom, 183, 193, 197 Density, 109, 230 Derivative of vector, 220 Derivatives, table of, 221 Diagram, active-force, 183, 190 bending-moment, 129 free-body, 13, 56, 59, 75 shear-force, 129 Differential element, choice of, 112 Differentials, order of, 10, 112, 153 Dimensions, homogeneity of, 14 Direction cosines, 5, 37 Disk friction, 169 Displacement, 178 virtual, 180 Distributed forces, 19, 106, 107, 153 on beams, 125, 126 Distributive law, 28, 219 Dot or scalar product, 38, 178, 219 Dynamics, 2, 5 E Efficiency, mechanical, 184 Elastic potential energy, 188 Energy, criterion for equilibrium, 192 criterion for stability, 192 elastic, 188 potential, 188, 190, 191 Equilibrium, alternative equations of, 68 categories of, 66, 75 of collinear forces, 66 of concurrent forces, 66, 75 condition of, 34, 66, 74, 181, 182 of coplanar forces, 66, 67 energy criterion for, 191, 192 equations of, 66, 74 of interconnected rigid bodies, 99, 181 of machines, 99 necessary and sufficient conditions for, 66, 74 neutral, 192 of parallel forces, 66, 75 of a particle, 180 of a rigid body, 181 stability of, 70, 191 with two degrees of freedom, 183 by virtual work, 180, 181, 182 Euler, 2 External effects of force, 18 F First moment of area, 111 Fixed vector, 3, 18 Flexible cables, 135 differential equation for, 136 Fluids, 143 friction in, 155 incompressible, 144 pressure in, 143 Foot, 6, 7 Force, action of, 17, 56, 57, 58, 75, 76 active, 182I-2 Index body, 18, 107 buoyancy, 148 components of, 20, 21, 37 concentrated, 19, 104 concept of, 2 contact, 18 coplanar system of, 34 distributed, 19, 106, 107, 153 effects of, 17 external, 18 friction, 57, 154 gravitational, 9, 19, 59, 107 inertia, 199 intensity of, 107 internal, 18, 107, 128, 182 kinds of, 18 magnetic, 19, 59 measurement of, 19 mechanical action of, 57, 58, 76 moment of, 26, 41 polygon, 34, 68 reactive, 18, 182 remote action of, 59 resolution of, 20, 21, 37, 38 resultant, 34, 48, 49, 108, 153 shear, 128, 143 specifications of, 18 unit of, 6, 7 work of, 178 Force–couple system, 32, 34, 44 Force system, concurrent, 35, 43, 49, 66, 75 coplanar, 34 general, 17, 49 parallel, 20, 35, 49 Formulation of problems, 11 Frames, defined, 99, 105 equilibrium of, 99 Frames and machines, rigidity of, 99 Free-body diagram, 13, 56, 59, 75 Freedom, degrees of, 183, 193, 197 Free vector, 3, 4, 31, 43 Friction, angle of, 158 bearing, 169, 170 belt, 172 circle of, 169 coefficients of, 157, 158, 230 cone of, 158 disk, 169 dry or Coulomb, 155, 156 fluid, 155 internal, 155 journal bearing, 169 kinetic, 157 limiting, 157 in machines, 164 mechanism of, 156 pivot, 169 problems in dry friction, 159, 176 rolling, 173 screw thread, 165 static, 157 types of, 155 wedge, 164 work of, 183 G Gage pressure, 144 Galileo, 1 Gas, 143 Graphical representation, 12, 19, 20, 34 Gravitation, constant of, 9, 231 law of, 9 Gravitational force, 9, 19, 59, 107 Gravitational potential energy, 189 Gravitational system of units, 7 Gravity, acceleration due to, 8 center of, 19, 108 Guldin, Paul, 122 Gyration, radius of, 200 H Homogeneity, dimensional, 14 Hydrostatic pressure, 144, 146, 147 Hydrostatics, 143 Hyperbolic functions, 140 I Ideal systems, 181 Impending motion, 157, 158, 159 Inclined axes, area moments of inertia about, 210 Inertia, 2, 199 area moments of, see Moments of inertia of areas principal axes of, 211 products of, 209 Inertia force, 199 Integrals, table of selected, 222 Integration, choice of element for, 112, 153 numerical techniques for, 227, 228 of vectors, 220 Interconnected bodies, 99, 181 Internal effects of force, 18, 107, 128, 182 Internal friction, 155 International System of units, 6 J Joints, method of, 86, 97, 105 Joule, 180 Journal bearings, friction in, 169 K Kilogram, 6, 7, 9 Kilopound, 7 Kinetic friction, 157 coefficient of, 157, 230 L Lagrange, 2 Laplace, 2 Law, associative, 218 commutative, 218, 219 of cosines, 218 distributive, 28, 219 of gravitation, 9 parallelogram, 3, 19, 34 of sines, 218 Pascal’s, 143 triangle, 4, 19 Laws of motion, Newton’s, 5 Length, standard unit of, 7 Limit, mathematical, 11 Line of action, 18 Liquids, 144 Loading-shear relation for beams, 129, 130 M Mach, Ernst, 28 Machines, defined, 99, 105 equilibrium of, 99 friction in, 164 ideal or real, 155 Mass, 2, 7 center of, 108, 109, 234 unit of, 6, 7 Mathematical limit, 10 Mathematical model, 12 Mathematics, selected topics in, 215 Mechanical efficiency, 184 Mechanical system, 56 Mechanics, 1 Metacenter, 149 Metacentric height, 149 Meter, 7 Method, of joints, 86, 97, 105 of problem solution, 13, 54, 59, 82, 105, 153, 176, 197 of sections, 92, 97, 105 of virtual work, 177 Metric units, 6 Minimum energy, principle of, 192 Mohr’s circle, 211 Moment, bending, 128 components of, 42 of a couple, 31, 43 of a force, 26, 41 torsional, 128, 199 units of, 26 vector representation of, 27, 41 Moment arm, 26 Moment axis, 26, 41 Moments, principle of, 35, 48, 108, 113, 153 Moments of inertia of areas, 198 for composite areas, 206 dimensions and units of, 200 about inclined axes, 210 by integration, 199 maximum and minimum, 210, 211 Mohr’s circle representation of, 211 polar, 199 principal axes of, 211 radius of gyration for, 200 rectangular, 199 table of, 232 tabular computation of, 206 transfer of axes for, 201, 209 Morin, 155 Motion, impending, 157, 158, 159 Multi-force members, 99 Force, action of (Continued)Index I-3 N Neutral equilibrium, 192 Newton, Isaac, 1 Newton’s laws, 5 Newton (unit), 6 Newton’s method, 225 Numerical integration, 227, 228 O Order of differentials, 10, 112, 153 P Pappus, 122 theorems of, 122 Parallel-axis theorems, for area moments of inertia, 201 Parallel forces, equilibrium of, 66, 75 resultant of, 20, 35, 49 Parallelogram law, 3, 19, 34 Particle, 2 Particles, equilibrium of, 181 Pascal (unit), 107 Pascal’s law, 143 Pivot friction, 169 Polar moment of inertia, 199 Polygon, of forces, 34, 68 Potential energy, 188, 190, 191 datum for, 189 units of, 189, 190 Pound, standard, 7 Pound force, 7 Pound mass, 7 Pressure, 107, 143 atmospheric, 144 center of, 144 fluid, 143 gage, 144 hydrostatic, 144, 146, 147 on submerged surfaces, 144, 146, 147 Principal axes of inertia, 211 Principia, 5 Principle, of action and reaction, 5, 19, 56, 83, 99, 105, 128 of buoyancy, 148 of concurrency of forces, 67 of minimum energy, 192 of moments, 35, 48, 108, 113, 153 of transmissibility, 3, 18, 34 of virtual work, 181, 182, 191 Products of inertia, 209 about inclined axes, 210 Products of vectors, 27, 38, 41, 42, 178, 219 R Radius of gyration, 200 Reactive forces, 18, 182 Rectangular components, 4, 20, 21, 22, 37 Rectangular moments of inertia, 199 Redundancy, external and internal, 88, 96 Redundant supports, 69, 78 Repose, angle of, 160 Resolution, force, 20, 21, 37, 38 force and couple, 32, 34, 44 Resultant, of concurrent forces, 19, 22, 35, 49 of coplanar forces, 22, 34 couple, 34, 48, 49 of fluid pressure, 144, 146, 147 force, 34, 48, 49, 108, 153 of forces on beam cross section, 128 of general force system, 49 of parallel forces, 20, 35, 49 Right-hand rule, 26, 38, 41, 219 Rigid bodies, interconnected, 99, 181 Rigid body, 2 equilibrium of, 181 Rolling resistance, coefficient of, 173 S Scalar, 2 Scalar components, 21 Scalar or dot product, 38, 178, 219 Screw, friction in, 165 Second moment of area, 111, 198 Sections, method of, 92, 97, 105 Series, selected expansions, 221 Shear force, 128, 143 Shear-force diagram, 129 Shear-moment relation for beams, 129, 130, 131 Shear stress, 199 Singularity functions, 131 SI units, 6, 238, 239 Sliding vector, 3, 18, 26, 43 Slug, 6, 7 Space, 2 Space trusses, 96, 105 Specific weight, 107, 230 Spring, linear and nonlinear, 58, 59 potential energy of, 188 stiffness of, 59, 188 torsional, 58, 59 Stability, of equilibrium, 70, 191 of floating bodies, 149 for single-degree-of-freedom system, 192 of trusses, 88, 96 Statically determinate structures, 69, 77, 83, 88, 96 Statically indeterminate structures, 69, 78, 88, 96, 99 Static friction, 157 coefficient of, 157, 230 Statics, 2 Stevinus, 1 Stiffness of spring, 188 Stress, 107 shear, 199 Structures, statical determinacy of, 69, 77, 83, 88, 96, 99 types of, 83 Submerged surfaces, pressure on, 144, 146, 147 Subtraction of vectors, 4, 218 Symmetry, considerations of, 110, 209 System, with elastic members, 188 force–couple, 32, 34, 44 of forces, concurrent, 19, 35, 43, 49, 66, 75 coplanar, 34 general, 17, 48 parallel, 35, 49, 66, 75 ideal, 181 of interconnected bodies, 99, 181 mechanical, 56 real, 183 of units, 6 T Table, of area moments of inertia, 232 of centroids, 232 of coefficients of friction, 230 of densities, 230 of derivatives, 221 of mass centers, 234 of mathematical relations, 215 of solar system constants, 231 Tension in truss members, 86, 87, 88 Theorem, of Pappus, 122 of Varignon, 27, 35, 43 Three-force member, 67 Thrust bearing, friction in, 169 Time, 2, 8 Ton, 7 Torque, see Moment, of force Torsional moment, 128, 199 Transfer of axes, for moments of inertia, 201 for products of inertia, 209 Transmissibility, principle of, 3, 18, 34 Triangle law, 4, 19 Triple scalar product, 42, 220 Triple vector product, 220 Trusses, definition, 84 plane, 84 simple, 84, 96 space, 96, 105 stability of, 88, 96 statical determinacy of, 88, 96, 105 types of, 85 Two-force members, 67, 85 U U.S. customary units, 7 Units, 6, 26, 180, 238, 239 Unit vectors, 4, 21, 37, 38, 42 Unstable equilibrium, 192 V Varignon, 2 Varignon’s theorem, 27, 35, 43 Vector equation, 5 Vectors, 2, 17 addition of, 3, 19, 22, 218 components of, 4, 20, 21, 22, 37 couple, 31, 43 cross or vector product of, 27, 41, 219 derivative of, 220I-4 Index dot or scalar product of, 38, 178, 219 fixed, 3, 18 free, 3, 4, 31, 43 moment, 27, 41 notation for, 3 resolution of, 20, 21, 37, 38 sliding, 3, 18, 26, 43 subtraction of, 4, 218 unit, 4, 21, 37, 38, 42 Vector sum, of couples, 43, 48 of forces, 19, 22, 34, 48 Virtual displacement, 180 Virtual work, 177, 180 for elastic systems, 191 for ideal systems, 181, 182 for a particle, 180 for a rigid body, 181 Viscosity, 155 W Wear in bearings, 170 Wedges, friction in, 164 Weight, 9, 10, 19, 59, 107 Work, of a couple, 179 of a force, 178 units of, 179 virtual, 177, 180 Wrench, 49 Vectors (Continued)
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