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| موضوع: كتاب Electrical Machine Design الثلاثاء 02 يونيو 2020, 3:17 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Electrical Machine Design Ak Shawney
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Chapter Principles of Electrical Machine Design Art Poj/e Design of Machines Design Factors Limitations in Design Modern Trends in Design of Electrical Machines Modern Manufacturing Techniques Basic Principles It Chapter Electrical Engineering Materials Electrical Conducting Materials High Conductivity Materials Copper Aluminium Iron and Steel Alloys of Copper Materials of High Resistivity Materials Used for Precision Work Materials Used for Rheotsats Materials Used for Heating Devices Electrical Carbon Materials Super-conductivity Magnetic Materials Types of Magnetic Materials Soft Magnetic Materials Solid Core Materials Sheet Steels Special Purpose Alloys Insulating Materials Electrical Properties of Insulating Materials Temperature Rise of Insulating Materials Classification of Insulating Materials Insulating Materials Used in Modern Electric Machines Applications of Insulating Materials Insulating Materials for Wires "* Insulating Materials for Laminations '* Insulating Materials for Machines T' Insulating Materials for Transformers Chapter Heating and Cooling of Electrical Machines Modes of Heat Dissipation Heat Dissipation Conduction *‘ Radiation * Convection Newton's Law of Cooling Ambient Temperature Temperature Gradient Internal Temperatures (Hot Spot Temperatures) Calculation of Internal Temperature Temperature Gradients in Cores Heat Flow in Two Dimensions Thermal Resistivity of Windings Temperature Gradients in Conductors Placed in Slots Heating of Turbo-altprnator Rotors Cooling of Rotating Electrical Machines Cooling and Associated Terminology Method of Cooling Lo Iding System Enclosures for Rotating Electrical Machines Induced and Forced Ventilation Radial and Axial Ventilation Radial Ventilating System Axial Ventilating System Combined Axial and Radial Ventilating Syst< M Cooling of Totally Enclosed Machines Cooling Circuits Cooling of Turbo-alternators Air-cooled Turbo-alternators Hydrogen Cooling and Hydrogen Cooled Turbo-alternators Advantages of Hydrogen Cooling ' Hydrogen Cooling System - Air ‘ " Hydrogen - - Water Oil Direct Cooling and Direct Cooled Turbo-alternators Advantages of Direct Cooling Coolants Used for Direct Cooling Direct Cooling System Superconducting Rotor Windings Cooling of Water Wheel Generators Direct Water Cooled Rotor Windings Quantity of Cooling Medium (Coolant) Temperature Rise Time Curves Theory of Solid Body Heating - Heating - Cooling Rating of Machines Selection • of Motor Power Ratingtypes of Duties and Ratings '* Continuous Duty ** Short Time Duty ‘" Intermittent Periodic Duty -" Intermittent Periodic Duty With Starting ** Intermittent Periodic Duty With Starting and Braking ** Continuous Duty With Intermittent Periodic Duty ** Continuous Duty With Starting and Braking Art Page Ambient Temperature and Ratings Overload Capacity of Motors Selection of Motor Capacity for Continuous Rating Methods Used for Determination of Motor Rating for Variable Loads ‘ Method of Average Losses ' Equivalent Cum Nt Method Ft ' Equivalent Torque and Equivalent Power Methods Temperature Ii&c With Shou Time Tatings Selection of Motor Capacity for Short Time Rating Temperature Rise of Machines With Intermittent Short Time Ratings Selection of Motor Capacity With Short Time Ratings Selection of Motor Capacity for Intermittent Periodic Duty Rapid Heating of Conductors Calculation of Hot Spot Tempe Rature Calculation of Surface Temperature Rise ' Calculation of Temperature Rise of Armatures * Calculation of Temperature Rise of Field Coils ' ' Calculation of Temperature Rise of Commutators Measurement of Temperature Rise Methods of Measurement of Temperature Rise ' ' Thermometer Method ' ' Resistance Method ' ' Embedded Temperature Detectors (E T D ) ' Measurement of Winding Temperature Chapter Ba ?ic Principles of Magnetic Circuits Basic Formulae Magnetization Curves Magnetic Leakage Magnetic Circuit Calculations Calculation of Total Mmf ' Mmf for Air Gap ' Net Length of Iron *’ Mmf for Teeth '' Real and Apparent Flux Densities Iron Losses Types of Iron Losses Hysteresis Losses Eddy Currents and Eddy Current Losses Eddy Current Loss in Thin Sheets Total Iron Losses Pulsation Losses Magnetic Leakage Calculations Effects of Leakage Flux Specific Permeance Leakage Reactance Armature Leakage Slot Leakage ** I Specific Permeance of Parallel Sided Slots I' Specific Permeance of Tapered Slots *‘ Specific Permeance of Circular Slots *art Page Specific P ( Incancc of Semi-circular Bottom Position Specific Permeance of Closed T F P E of Slots Specific Dot Perm Ances for Complicated Shaped Slots Specific Permeance of Slots With Double Layer Winding Specific Permeance of Slots of Special Purpose Induction Motors ' Specific Permeance of Deep Bar Rotor Slots Tooth Top Leakage Zigzag Leakage Overhang Leakage Leakage Reactance Calculations of Polyphase Machines Leakage With Fractional Pitch Windings Leak »ge in Salient Pole Machines Effect of Satui Jtion and Load on Leakage Co-efficient Magnetising Current Calculation of Magnetizing Current I Magnetizing Current for Concentrated Windings Magnetizing Current for Distributed Windings Unbalanced Magnetic Pull Magnetic Pull (Force) Radial Magnetic Forces in Rotating Machines Calculation of Unbalanced Magnetic Pull Effect of Saturation on Unbalanced Magnetic Pull Practical Aspects of Unbalanced Magnetic Pull Field Form Field Form : Introduction Air Gap Flux Distribution Factor (Field Form Factor) Harmonic Analysis of Flux Distribution Curve Rectangular Flux Distribution Curve Actual Flux Distribution Curve Chapter Electromagnets Introduction Types of Electromagnets Flat Faced Armature Type Horse Shoe Type Flat Faced Plunger Type Construction of Electromagnets Electromagnet Core Materials Electromagnet Coils Design of Magnet Coils Index Number of Electromagnets Design of Flat Faced Armature Type Circular Magnets Design of a Large Circular Magnet Design of Horse Shoe Type of Magnet Design of Plunger Type of Magnet Magnetic Clutches Design of Friction Dutch Chapter Armature Windings Art Page Introduction Single and Two Layer Windings Closed and Open Windings Coils and Coil Sides Numbering Scheme Coil Span Typer of D C Windings Winding Pitches Back Pitch Front Pitch Winding Pitch Commutator Pitch Simplex Lap Winding Simplex Lap Winding With More Ti an Coil Sides Per Slot Simplex Wave Winding Dummy Coils Equalizer Connections Multiplex Windings Duplex Lap Windings Duplex Wave Windings Integrated Approach for Windings Relations Between Winding Parameters Conditions for a Closed Winding Similar Parts and Number of P Trallel Paths in a Winding ' Equipotential Pitch T ' Phase Pitch ’ ' Conditions for Electrical Symmetry ' ' Lap and Wave Windings A C Armature Windings Introduction Number of Phases and Phase Spread Concentric Winding Hemitropic Winding Whole Coil Winding Mechanical Details of Concentric Type of Coils Mush Windings Double Layer Windings Integral Slot Lap Windings Integral Slot Wave Windings Fractional Slot Windings Layout of Fractional Slot Windings Conditions for Electrical Balance or Symmetry Tappings and Openings Choice of Double Lay*;r Windings Construction of Coils Production of Emf in Windings Emf Generated in a Conductor Emf Generated in a Full Pitch Coil Emf Generated in a Full Pitch Distributed Winding Emf Generated in a Fractional Pitch Concentrated Winding - Art Page - Emf Generated in a Fractional Pitch Distributed Winding Emf Generated in a C Machines Effect of Distribution and Chording in a C Machines Emf Generated in D C Machines Tooth Ripples (Slot Harmonics) Mmf Distribution of Armature Windings Mtnf D Stribution of Concentrated Coils Mmf Distribution in D C Machines Mmf Distribution in Phase a C Machines Eddy Current Losses in Conductors Skin Effect ' Eddy Current Loss in Subdivided (Laminated) Conductors Placed in Slots * Critical Depth Reduction of Eddy Currents in Conductors Iri Rotating Machines Eddy Current Losses in Transformer Conductors and Their Reduction Eddy Current Loss Eddy Current Loss in a Single Conductor Placed in a Slot ’ Charier Transformers Introduction Core and Shell Type Transformers Single and Three Phase Transformers Three Phase Transformer Connections Three Winding Transformers Distribution and Power Transformers Core Core Cross-section Core Construction With Hot Rolled Laminations Yoke Cross-section Clamping of Core Core Construction of Modern Core Type Power Transformers Cooling of Cores Core Earthing Transformer Windings Continuously Transposed Conductor Windings Cooling of Transformers Methods of Cooling of Transformers Transformer Tank Cooling Ducts Transformer Oil Terminals and Leads Bushings Tappings and Tap Changing Conservator and Breather Temperature Indicators Buchholz Relay Transformer Assembly Design Output of Transformer Output Equation-volts Per Turn Ratio of Iron Loss to Copper Loss * Art Pagt$ Relation Between Core Area and Weight of Iron and Coppet Optimum Design Design for Minimum Cost Design for Minimum Loss or Maximum Efficiency Variation of Output and Losses in Transformers With Linear Dimensions Design of Core ** Square and Stepped Core Surge Protection ’ Window Space Factor ’ Window Dimensions Width of Window for Optimum Output Design of Yoke ' Ovetall Dimensions Calculation of Core Area Choice of Flux Density Design of Windings Selection of Type of Winding Position of Windings Relative to Core Design of Insulation Surge Phf Nomenon Operating Characteril'trcs Resistance of Windings Leakage Reactance of Windings * Leakage Reactance of Core Type Transformers * Leakage Reactance of Sandwich Coils Regulation Mechanical Forces Calculation of Mechanical Forces Radial Forces Axial Forces ' ' Forces Due to Assymmetry * No Load Current of Three Phase Transformers * Magnetizing Volt-amperes ** Temperature Rise in Plain Walled Tanks Design of Tank With Tubes Air Blast Cooling Forced Oil Circulation Thermal Rating Momentary Overloads Heating Time Constant of Transformers Bracing of Windings No Load Current No Load Current of Single Phase Transformers Change of Parameters With Frequency Temperature Rise of Transformers Transformer Oil as a Cooling Medium Design of Small Single Phase Transformers Introduction * Core Design ‘ Winding Design , Window Area Chapter General Concepts and Constraints Of Design of Rotating Machines ( Art Fage Relation Between Rating and Dimensions of Rotating Machines Symbols Main Dimensions ' ' Total Loadings ' Specific Loadings ' ’ Output Co Efficient Factors Affecting Size of Rotating Machines Choice of Specific Magnetic Loading Choice of Specific Electric Loading Variation of Output and Losses With Linear Dimensions Separation of D and L Separation of D and L for D C Machines Separation of D and L for Induction Motors Separation of D and L for Synchronous Machines Standard Frames Chapter C Machines Introduction and Applications Classification Constructional Details Stator Poles Interpoles Main Field Winding Interpole Winding Armature Armature Winding Commutator Brush Gear Brush Holders ' Brush Rockers Brushes Methods of Applying Brushes to Commutators Staggering of Brushes Frames Constructional Features of Motors Fed From Static Converters Design Output Equation * ’ Choice of Average Gap Density ’i ’ Choice of Ampere Conductors Per Metre Interdependence of Specific Magnetic and Electric Loadings Selection of Number of Poles ** Guiding Factors for Choice of Number of Poles Core Length ’i Limiting Value of Core Lpngth Armature Diameter Limiting Value for Armature Diameter Art Page Pole Proportions Number of Ventilating Ducts Length of Air Gap Estimation of Air Gap Length Pole Face Profile Armature Reaction Flux Distribution on Load Effect of Armature Reaction Brush Shift and Its Effects Reduction of Effects of Armature Reaction Armature Design Choice of Armature Winding Number of Armature Conductors Number of Armature Coils Number of Armature Slots Guiding Factors for Choice of Number of Armature Slots Gross-section of Armature Conductors Insulation of Armature Winding Slot Dimensions Armature Voltage Drop Depth of Armature Core Design of Field System Pole Design Area of Poles Height of Pole Tentative Design of Field Winding Yoke Magnetic Circuit Magnetization Curve (O C C ) Design of Shunt Field Winding Design of Series Field Winding Commutation Commutation Phenomenon Form of Current in Coil Undergoing Commutation Resistance Commutation Retarded Commutation Accelerated Commutation Sinusoidal Commutation Design of Interpoles Interpoles Time of Commutation Width of Commutation Zone Width of Interpole Shoe Calculation of Reactance Voltage Pitchelmayer’s Equation Length of Interpole Flux Density Tinder Interpole Shoe Design of Interpole Winding * Art Pug« Design of Commutator and Brushes Number of Segments Commutator Diameter Length of Commutator Dimensions of Brushes Losses of Commutator Surface Losses and Efficiency ’ Losses and Efficiency '’] Rotational Losses ‘‘ I*r Losses ** Stray Load Losses Efficiency Temperature Rise Chapter Three Phase Induction Motors Introduction Stator Stator Frames Rotor Rotor Winding Comparison of Squirrel Cage and Wound Rotors Slip Rings Shaft and Bearings Design Output Equation Choice of Average Flux Density in Air Gap Choice of Ampere Conductors Per Metre Efficiency and Power Factor Main Dimensions Stator Winding Turns Per Phase '* Stator Conductors * Length of Mean Turn * Stator Teeth * Stator Core Shape of Stator Slots Number of Stator Riots Area of Stator Slots Rotor Design ' Length of Air Gap ** Relations for Calculation of Length of Air Gap Design of Squirrel Cage Rotor * Number of Rotor Slots ** Rules for Selecting Rotor Slots ** Reduction of Harmonic Torques * Design of Rotor Bars and Slots ** Rotor Bar Current *' Area of Rotor Bars ’' Shape and Sise of Rotor Slots **, Rotor Slot Insulation * Design of End Rings Art Page Io' ' I End Ring Current ' Area of End Rings ’' Full Load Slip Design of Wound Rotor '' Number of Rotor Slots Number of Rotor Turns ** Area of Rotor Conductors " Rotor Windings ' Rotor Teeth Rotor Core Szies of Induction Motor Laminations Available in the Market Operating Characteristics No Load Current - '! Magnetizing Current Loss Component Short Circuit (Blocked Rotor) Current ’ ‘ Stator Resistance Rotor Resistance Leakage Reactance ' Circle Diagram ’’ Effect of Dispersion Coefficient on Maximum Power Factor ‘‘ Effect of Dispersion Coefficient on Overload Capacity I Effect of Change of Air Gap Length '' Effect of Change of Number of Poles ' " Effect of Change of Frequency Rel Ition Between D and L for Best Power Factor ! ' Methods of Improving Starting Torque Double Cage Rotor -* Deep Bar Rotor *' Additional Losses ' Temperature Rise Calculation of Maximum Output From Geometry of Circle Diagram Dispersion Coefficient Losses and Efficiency Chapter Single Phase Induction Motors General Information and Constructional Details - Split Phase Starting '' Shaded Pole Starting - - Repulsion Motor Starting " Construction T- Stator * Stator Windings H '’ Rotor *' Starting; Switches ** Electrolytic Capacitor Introduction Types of Motors Art , Page Design Ii ‘ Output Equation - Choice of Specific Loadings Running Winding (Main Winding) Number of Turns in Running Winding ' ‘ Running Winding Conductors ' Number of Stator Slots ' ‘ Size of Stator Slot I - Stator Teeth Stator Core Ii * ' Length of Mean Turn I T ' Number of Rotor Slots Ii ‘ * Area of Rotor Bars ' Area of End Ring ‘ Rotor Resistance ' ' Rotor Teeth Main Dimensions Relative Size of Single Phase and Three Phase Motors Design of Stator Air Gap Length Design of Rotor Operating Characteristics Mraf for Air Gap Saturation Factor Tron Loss Friction and Windage Loss Parameters * Running Winding Resistance *- Rotor Resistance ** Leakage Reactance Calculation of Single Phase Motors Running Performance H ''l Equivalent Circuit ** Veinott’s Method * Pull-out Torque Starting (Auxiliary) Winding * Design of Starting Winding for Split Phase Moims * Starting Torque * Circle Diagram * Maximum Starting Torque * ' Maximum Torque Per Ampere Design of Starting Winding for Capacitor Stator Motor * Capacitance for Maximum Torque * Capacitance for Maximum Torque Per Ampere Chapter Synchronous M Chines Type of Construction Type of Synchronous Machines Prime Movers for Synchronous Generators Run-away Speed Construction of Hydro Generators ** Stator Core Art • Pag* '' Stator Winding Bracing of Stator Overhang %rotor Body Poles Field Winding Damp R Winding K Bearings ' Brakes and Jacks ' * Io Slip Rings ' Stator Core Stator Winding ' Rotor Construction of Turbo-alternators Industrial Generators Design * Output Equation !i Uce of Specific Magnetic Loading Choice Ol Specific Electric Loading Design of Salient Pole P^chbei - Main Dimensions Short Circuit Ratio Effect of Scr on Machine Performance Length of Air Gap Shape of Pole Face Armature Design * Camparis >n Between Single and Double Layer Windingi * Number of Armature Slots Coil Span Turns Per Phase "! Conductor Section Single Turn Bar—class B '' ** Synthetic Multi-turnresin Coil—and Class Mica B Paper Insulation Slot Dimensions Armature Resistance * Armature Leakage Reactance Estimation of Air Gap Length Design of Rotor '‘ Heighf of Pole * Design of Damper Winding *' Height of Pole Shoe * Pole Profile Drawing * ' Design of Field Winding ‘ Determination of Direct and Quadrature Axis Synchronous Reactances Armature Windings, Coils and Their Insulation Length of Mean Turn Stator Core Elimination of Harmonics Armature Parameters Magnetic Circuit Open Circuit Characteristics Determination of Full Load Field Mmf Art Page ' Short Circuit Characteristics ’ Lushes * Temperature Rise Degsiu of Tnrbo-alternators M Iiti Dimensions Length of Air Gap Stator D * Sign Rotor Dti'ien Chapter Starters and Field Regulators Motor Starters » Nlrulnlion Ol Resistance Steps Starters for D C Shunt Motors '' Starters for D C Series Motors * Starters for Three Phase Slip Ring Induction Motors Field Regulators Chapter Design of Electrical Apparatus D ‘sign of Resistance Elements of Field Regulators Materials for Resistance Elements Size Ol Wire * Resistance Box Design of Resistances for Starters for Shunt Motors Design of Loading Rheostats Design of Grid Resistances Design of Heating Elements Design of Chokes * Design Procedure Design of Welding Transformer* Characteristics of Welding Transformers Types of Welding Transformers I' * Electric Arc * Series Reactance Design of Current Transformers Introduction Errors Construction Design Principles ** Core * Secondary Current Rating * Primary Current Rating * Windings * Behaviour of Transformer Under System Short Circuit * Turns Compensation Design of Permanent Magnet* * M Permanent Magnet Materials * Design Procedure « Art Page Chapter Design of Mechanical Parts Design of Shaft )‘ Bearings Sleeve Bearings Anti Friction Bearings Shaft Couplings ' Frames for D C Machines Frames for a C Machines * Centrifugrd Force Bracing of Rotor Windings Wire Bands of Rotors Solid Bands (Retaining Rings) * Wedges Stresses in Poles Bolted on to Rims Stresses in Dove-tailed Poles Stresses in Turbo-alternator Rotors - Stresses at the Bottom of Teeth Stresses in Rotor D Sc Critical Speed Inertia Constant Mechanical Design of Commutators Design of Fan Chapter Computer Aided Design * Introduction Advantages of Digital Computers ** Computer Analysis Method Aided Design—different Approaches ** Synthesis Method * Hybrid Method ** Genera] Procedure for Optimization ** Variables and Constraints ** List of Symbols Used ** General Design Procedure Optimization Computer Aided Design of Three Phase Induction Motors Chapter Standard Specifications Conductors Indian Itaniard Specifications for Copper Conductors Used in Electrical Machines and Apparatus British Standard Specifications Transformers * General Outdoor Power Transformers Type Distribution (is: Transformers is: — * Art Pmgt Rotating Machinery * Recommendations for Rotating Electrical Machinery * Recommendations on Determination of Efficiency of Rotating Electrical Machines * Recommendation for Preferred Standard Rev/min -phase Hz Turbine Type Generators Three Phase Induction Motors Indian Standard Specifications for -phase Induction Motors Single Phase Induction Motors Indian Standard Specifications for Single Phase Small a C and Univenal Motors Current Transformers ‘ Indian Standard Specifications for Current Transformers * Terminology
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