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عدد المساهمات : 19001 التقييم : 35505 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Bearing Design In Machinery الأحد 17 نوفمبر 2019, 5:30 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Bearing Design In Machinery Engineering Tribology And Lubrication Avraham Harnoy
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Table of Contents Preface Symbols Chapter 1 Classification and Selection of Bearings 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Dry and Boundary Lubrication Bearings 1.3 Hydrodynamic Bearing 1.4 Hydrostatic Bearing 1.5 Magnetic Bearing 1.6 Rolling Element Bearings 1.7 Selection Criteria 1.8 Bearings for Precision Applications 1.9 Noncontact Bearings for Precision Application 1.10 Bearing Subjected to Frequent Starts and Stops 1.11 Example Problems Chapter 2 Lubricant Viscosity 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Simple Shear Flow .2.3 Boundary Conditions of Flow 2.4 Viscosity Units 2.5 Viscosity–Temperature Curves 2.6 Viscosity Index 2.7 Viscosity as a Function of Pressure 2.8 Viscosity as a Function of Shear Rate 2.9 Viscoelastic Lubricants Chapter 3 Fundamental Properties of Lubricants 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Crude Oils 3.3 Base Oil Components 3.4 Synthetic Oils 3.5 Greases 3.6 Additives to Lubricants Chapter 4 Principles of Hydrodynamic Lubrication 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Assumptions of Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory 4.3 Hydrodynamic Long Bearing 4.4 Differential Equation of Fluid Motion 4.5 Flow in a Long Bearing 4.6 Pressure Wave 4.7 Plane-Slider Load Capacity 4.8 Viscous Friction Force in a Plane-Slider 4.9 Flow Between Two Parallel Plates 4.10 Fluid-Film Between a Cylinder and Flat Plate 4.11 Solution in Dimensionless Terms Chapter 5 Basic Hydrodynamic Equations 5.1 Navier–Stokes Equations 5.2 Reynolds Hydrodynamic Lubrication Equation 5.3 Wide Plane-Slider 5.4 Fluid Film Between a Flat Plate and a Cylinder 5.5 Transition to Turbulence 5.6 Cylindrical Coordinates 5.7 Squeeze-Film Flow .Chapter 6 Long Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Reynolds Equation for a Journal Bearing 6.3 Journal Bearing with Rotating Sleeve 6.4 Combined Rolling and Sliding 6.5 Pressure Wave in a Long Journal Bearing 6.6 Sommerfeld Solution of the Pressure Wave 6.7 Journal Bearing Load Capacity 6.8 Load Capacity Based on Sommerfeld Conditions 6.9 Friction in a Long Journal Bearing 6.10 Power Loss on Viscous Friction 6.11 Sommerfeld Number 6.12 Practical Pressure Boundary Conditions Chapter 7 Short Journal Bearings 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Short-Bearing Analysis 7.3 Flow in the Axial Direction 7.4 Sommerfeld Number of a Short Bearing 7.5 Viscous Friction 7.6 Journal Bearing Stiffness Chapter 8 Design Charts for Finite-Length Journal Bearings 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Design Procedure 8.3 Minimum Film Thickness 8.4 Raimondi and Boyd Charts and Tables 8.5 Fluid Film Temperature 8.6 Peak Temperature in Large, Heavily Loaded Bearings 8.7 Design Based on Experimental Curves Chapter 9 Practical Applications of Journal Bearings 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Hydrodynamic Bearing Whirl 9.3 Elliptical Bearings 9.4 Three-Lobe Bearings .9.5 Pivoted-Pad Journal Bearing 9.6 Bearings Made of Compliant Materials 9.7 Foil Bearings 9.8 Analysis of a Foil Bearing 9.9 Foil Bearings in High-Speed Turbines 9.10 Design Example of a Compliant Bearing Chapter 10 Hydrostatic Bearings 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Hydrostatic Circular Pads 10.3 Radial Pressure Distribution and Load Capacity 10.4 Power Losses in the Hydrostatic Pad 10.5 Optimization for Minimum Power Loss 10.6 Long Rectangular Hydrostatic Bearings 10.7 Multidirectional Hydrostatic Support 10.8 Hydrostatic Pad Stiffness for Constant Flow-Rate 10.9 Constant-Pressure-Supply Pads with Restrictors 10.10 Analysis of Stiffness for a Constant Pressure Supply 10.11 Journal Bearing Cross-Stiffness 10.12 Applications 10.13 Hydraulic Pumps 10.14 Gear Pump Characteristics 10.15 Flow Dividers 10.16 Case Study: Hydrostatic Shoe Pads in Large Rotary Mills Chapter 11 Bearing Materials 11.1 Fundamental Principles of Tribology 11.2 Wear Mechanisms 11.3 Selection of Bearing Materials 11.4 Metal Bearings 11.5 Nonmetal Bearing Materials Chapter 12 Rolling Element Bearings 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Classification of Rolling-Element Bearings 12.3 Hertz Contact Stresses in Rolling Bearings 12.4 Theoretical Line Contact .12.5 Ellipsoidal Contact Area in Ball Bearings 12.6 Rolling-Element Speed 12.7 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication in Rolling Bearings 12.8 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of a Line Contact 12.9 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Ball Bearings 12.10 Force Components in an Angular Contact Bearing Chapter 13 Selection and Design of Rolling Bearings 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Fatigue Life Calculations 13.3 Bearing Operating Temperature 13.4 Rolling Bearing Lubrication 13.5 Bearing Precision 13.6 Internal Clearance of Rolling Bearings 13.7 Vibrations and Noise in Rolling Bearings 13.8 Shaft and Housing Fits 13.9 Stress and Deformation Due to Tight Fits 13.10 Bearing Mounting Arrangements 13.11 Adjustable Bearing Arrangement 13.12 Examples of Bearing Arrangements in Machinery 13.13 Selection of Oil Versus Grease 13.14 Grease Lubrication 13.15 Grease Life 13.16 Liquid Lubrication Systems 13.17 High-Temperature Applications 13.18 Speed Limit of Standard Bearings 13.19 Materials for Rolling Bearings 13.20 Processes for Manufacturing High-Purity Steel 13.21 Ceramic Materials for Rolling Bearings 13.22 Rolling Bearing Cages 13.23 Bearing Seals 13.24 Mechanical Seals Chapter 14 Testing of Friction and Wear 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Testing Machines for Dry and Boundary Lubrication 14.3 Friction Testing Under High-Frequency Oscillations 14.4 Measurement of Journal Bearing Friction 14.5 Testing of Dynamic Friction 14.6 Friction-Testing Machine with a Hydrostatic Pad .14.7 Four-Bearings Measurement Apparatus 14.8 Apparatus for Measuring Friction in Linear Motion Chapter 15 Hydrodynamic Bearings Under Dynamic Conditions 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Analysis of Short Bearings Under Dynamic Conditions 15.3 Journal Center Trajectory 15.4 Solution of Journal Motion by Finite-Difference Method Chapter 16 Friction Characteristics 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Friction in Hydrodynamic and Mixed Lubrication 16.3 Friction of Plastic Against Metal 16.4 Dynamic Friction Chapter 17 Modeling Dynamic Friction 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Dynamic Friction Model for Journal Bearings 17.3 Development of the Model 17.4 Modeling Friction at Steady Velocity 17.5 Modeling Dynamic Friction 17.6 Comparison of Model Simulations and Experiments Chapter 18 Case Study: Composite Bearing—Rolling Element and Fluid Film in Series 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Composite-Bearing Designs 18.3 Previous Research in Composite Bearings 18.4 Composite Bearing with Centrifugal Mechanism 18.5 Performance Under Dynamic Conditions 18.6 Thermal Effects Chapter 19 Non-Newtonian Viscoelastic Effects 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Viscoelastic Fluid Models .19.3 Analysis of Viscoelastic Fluid Flow 19.4 Pressure Wave in a Journal Bearing 19.5 Squeeze-Film Flow Chapter 20 Orthopedic Joint Implants 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Artificial Hip Joint as a Bearing 20.3 History of the Hip Replacement Joint 20.4 Materials for Joint Implants 20.5 Dynamic Friction Appendix A Units and Definitions of Material Properties Appendix B Numerical Integration Bibliography .Symbols NOMENCLATURE FOR HYDRODYNAMIC BEARINGS a~ ¼ acceleration vector a ¼ tan a, slope of inclined plane slider B ¼ length of plane slider (x direction) (Fig. 4-5) C ¼ radial clearance c ¼ specific heat e ¼ eccentricity F ¼ external load Ff ¼ friction force F(t) ¼ time dependent load; having components FxðtÞ, FyðtÞ h ¼ variable film thickness h n ¼ hmin, minimum film thickness h0 ¼ film thickness at a point of peak pressure L ¼ length of the sleeve (z direction) (Fig. 7-1); width of a plane slider (z direction) (Fig. 4-5) m ¼ mass of journal N ¼ bearing speed [RPM] n ¼ bearing speed [rps] O; O1 ¼ sleeve and journal centers, respectively (Fig. 6-1) .p ¼ pressure wave in the fluid film P ¼ average pressure PV ¼ bearing limit (product of average pressure times sliding velocity) q ¼ constant flow rate in the clearance (per unit of bearing length) R ¼ journal radius R1 ¼ bearing bore radius t ¼ time t¼ ot, dimensionless time U ¼ journal surface velocity V ¼ sliding velocity VI ¼ viscosity index (Eq. 2-5) W ¼ bearing load carrying capacity, Wx, Wy, components a ¼ slope of inclined plane slider, or variable slope of converging clearance a ¼ viscosity-pressure exponent, Eq. 2-6 b ¼ h2=h1, ratio of maximum and minimum film thickness in plane slider e ¼ eccentricity ratio, e=C f ¼ Attitude angle, Fig. 1-3 l ¼ relaxation time of the fluid r ¼ density y ¼ angular coordinates (Figs. 1-3 and 9-1) t xy; tyz; txz ¼ shear stresses s x:sy; sz ¼ tensile stresses o ¼ angular velocity of the journal m ¼ absolute viscosity mo ¼ absolute viscosity at atmospheric pressure n ¼ kinematic viscosity, m=r NOMENCLATURE FOR HYDROSTATIC BEARINGS A e ¼ effective bearing area (Eq. 10-25) B ¼ width of plate in unidirectional flow di ¼ inside diameter of capillary tube _Eh ¼ hydraulic power required to pump the fluid through the bearing and piping system _Ef ¼ mechanical power provided by the drive (electrical motor) to overcome the friction torque (Eq. 10.15) _ E t ¼ total power of hydraulic power and mechanical power required to maintain the operation of hydrostatic bearing (Eq. 10-18) h 0 ¼ clearance between two parallel, concentric disks H p ¼ head of pump ¼ Hd Hs .Hd ¼ discharge head (Eq. 10-51) H s ¼ suction head (Eq. 10-52) k ¼ bearing stiffness (Eq. 10-23) K ¼ parameter used to calculate stiffness of bearing ¼ 3kAeQ L ¼ length of rectangular pad l c ¼ length of capillary tube pd ¼ pump discharge pressure pr ¼ recess pressure ps ¼ supply pressure (also pump suction pressure) Dp ¼ pressure loss along the resistance Q ¼ flow rate R ¼ disk radius R0 ¼ radius of a round recess Rf ¼ flow resistance ¼ Dp=Q Rin ¼ resistance of inlet flow restrictor Tm ¼ mechanical torque of motor V ¼ fluid velocity W ¼ load capacity Z ¼ height Z1 ¼ efficiency of motor Z2 ¼ efficiency of pump k ¼ constant that depends on bearing geometry (Eq. 10-27) b ¼ ratio of recess pressure to the supply pressure, pr=ps m ¼ fluid viscosity g ¼ specific weight of fluid NOMENCLATURE FOR ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS a ¼ half width of rectangular contact area (Fig. 12-8) a, b ¼ small and large radius, respectively, of an ellipsoidal contact area d ¼ rolling element diameter di; do ¼ inside and outside diameters of a ring E eq ¼ equivalent modulus of elasticity [N=m2] E^ ¼ elliptical integral, defined by Eq. 12-28 and estimated by Eq. 12.19 F c ¼ centrifugal force of a rolling element h c ¼ central film thickness hmin; hn ¼ minimum film thickness k ¼ ellipticity-parameter, b=a , estimated by Eq. 12.17 L ¼ An effective length of a line contact between two cylinders m r ¼ mass of a rolling element (ball or cylinder) .n r ¼ number of rolling elements around the bearing p ¼ pressure distribution pmax ¼ maximum Hertz pressure at the center of contact area (Eq. 12-15) qa ¼ parameter to estimate, E, defined in Eq. 12-18 ^ r ¼ deep groove radius R1; R2 ¼ radius of curvatures of two bodies in contact R1x; R2x ¼ radius of curvatures, in plane y; z, of two bodies in contact R 1y; R2y ¼ radius of curvatures, in plane x; z, of two bodies in contact R eq; ¼ equivalent radius of curvature R r ¼ race-conformity ratio, r=d R s ¼ equivalent surface roughness at the contact (Eq. 12-38) Rs1 and Rs2 ¼ surface roughness of two individual surfaces in contact R x ¼ equivalent contact radius (Eqs. 12-5, 12-6) Rd ¼ curvature difference defined by Eq. 12-27 t* ¼ parameter estimated by Eq. 12.25 for calculating tyz in Eq. 12-24 T^ ¼ elliptical integral, defined by Eq. 12.28 and estimated by Eq. 12-22 UC ¼ velocity of a rolling element center (Eq. 12-31) Ur ¼ rolling velocity (Eq. 12-35) W ¼ dimensionless bearing load carrying capacity W ¼ load carrying capacity Wi; Wo ¼ resultant normal contact forces of the inner and outer ring races in angular contact bearing W max ¼ maximum load on a single rolling element N ¼ bearing speed [RPM] a ¼ viscosity-pressure exponent a ¼ linear thermal-expansion coefficient a r ¼ radius ratio ¼ Ry=Rx L ¼ a ratio of a film thickness and size of surface asperities, Rs (Eq. 12-39) d m ¼ maximum deformation of the roller in a normal direction to the contact area (Eq. 12-7, 12-21) x ¼ ratio of rolling to sliding velocity t xy; tyz; txz ¼ shear stresses s x; sy; sz ¼ tensile stresses m0 ¼ absolute viscosity of the lubricant at atmospheric pressure n ¼ Poisson’s ratio o ¼ angular speed oC ¼ angular speed of the center of a rolling element (or cage) [rad=s] r ¼ density
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عدد المساهمات : 2 التقييم : 2 تاريخ التسجيل : 20/11/2015 العمر : 66 الدولة : SA العمل : ass. prof الجامعة : uqu
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عدد المساهمات : 19001 التقييم : 35505 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
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عدد المساهمات : 2 التقييم : 2 تاريخ التسجيل : 20/11/2015 العمر : 66 الدولة : SA العمل : ass. prof الجامعة : uqu
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Admin مدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 19001 التقييم : 35505 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
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