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| موضوع: كتاب Rotational Moulding of Plastics الإثنين 23 سبتمبر 2019, 9:19 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Rotational Moulding of Plastics Edited by R. J. Crawford
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Introduction to Rotational Moulding R.J.Crawford Chapter 1 11 1. Introduction 2. Materials 3. Rotational moulding machines 4. Moulds 5. General design procedures for plastics References Abbreviations Chapter 2 Rotational Moulding of Polyethylene R.I.Kliene 1. History of development 2. Polyethylene properties 3. Polyethylene powders 4. Polyethylene additives 5. Polyethylene processing 6. Applications References Chapter 3 Rotational Moulding of Nylons F. Petruccelli 62 1. Introduction and chemistry 2. Manufacture of nylon resins 3. Compounding 4. Processing Properties of moulded nylons 6. Finishing and machining of nylons Nylon applications References 99 "VX XI Chapter 4 Rotational Moulding Machines W.H.Covington,Jr Design Case Studies r» ll/ U/nrmll 100 Chapter 8 178 1. Introduction 100 178 Pjiy V Introduction 1 C 2. Cune studies A^e*as of design 14. Industrial containers I&. Conclusion wledgements 2. The rotation process 3. Rock and roll machines 4. Box oven machines 5. Shuttle-style machines 6. Clamshell machines 7. Vertical style machines 8. Fixed-arm turret machines 9. The independent-arm machine P 114 h-ocess Control for Rotational Moulding 196 I.J.jiuf;cm miu - Chapter 5 Sheet Metal Moulds 196 TJ.Taylor 1. Introduction 2. Principles of process control 3. Control of part properties 4. Processing advantages 5. Machine improvements 6. Quality control References 1. Introduction 118 204 2. Tool construction and design 207 3. Surface finish 4. 5. Venting 6. Mounting 7. Maintenance Pin-holes and Bubbles in Rotationally Moulded Products A.G.Spence and RJ.Crawford 142 Chapter 10 Chapter 6 Cast Aluminium Moulds S.Scaccia 217 143 1. Introduction 217 1. History 2. Product design 3. The pattern 4. Mould .design 5. Function and operation of mould 6 Maintenance 143 Bubbleformation 217 miuHTtlK Hf Ihi mnnldinr material on bubbles Ifaii&eaflsidetatroas jhle removal using pressure ssure and vacuum cm the mould 143 219 144 224 145 228 149 : ' y. 239 151 References 241 Acknowledgements Disclaimer 242 Chapter 7 Design of Rotationally Moulded Products G.L.BeaU 1. Designing rotationally moulded plastic products 2. Rotationally moulded plastic part design 2.1 Wall thickness 2.2 Wall thickness uniformity 2.3 Closely spaced parallel walls 2.4 Warpage 2.5 Stiffening ribs 2.6 Kiss-off ribs 2.7 Draft angles 2.8 Surface finish 2.9 Undercuts 2.10 Holes 2.11 Comer radii 2.12 Tolerances 153 Chapter 11 Rotational Moulding of Liquid Polymers 158 158 WKffariewi and R-J.Crawford 243 243 160 rofliquid polymers in a rotating mould 245 “ jBOcessing conditions on the wall ^ and on bubble content fl 169 Irons for the rotational moulding Index Carriage-style machines 114 Cast aluminium moulds 225 Cellular materials 239 Charge hoppers 138 Chemtrend 75 Chromes 52 Clam shell 15, 109 Clamping (of moulds) 121,126,149,151 Compounding 49,67 Compression 27 Compressive force 228 Construction (of moulds) 122,124 Cooling 58,79,106,192 Copper inserts 131,135 Copper pipeline 232 Cores 127,146,151 Comer radii 172,186,253 Crack initiation zones 234 Cracks 234 Creep 20 Creep modulus 22 Cross-linking 8,17,184,210 Crystallinity 5,58,79,161,200 Crystallites 58 Cycle times 218,235 ABS 10, 200 Acetal 26,27 Acids 38 Additives 48, 209,223 Advantages 3 Alcohols 38 Alkalis 86 Alkathene 33 Aluminium moulds 15,75,104,118,131,143,200 Amorphous 11,79,175,200 Anti-oxidants 52,67 Anti-static agents 11 ARM II Aromatic solvents 86 Atmosphere, inner (of mould) 228 Azo pigments 52 Beams 21 Biaxial rotation 11,102 Blasting (of moulds) 169 Blending 50 Blowing agent 239 Box oven machines 106 Brass inserts 131 Bridging 7, 47, 161 Bubble formation 217,228,245,254 Bubble removal using pressure 228 Bubbles 8,56,206,217,220,222,224,228,237 Buckling 27 Bulk density 44:160 Buoyancy 218 Dead spots 104,135 Deformation behaviour 18 Degradation 204,223,236 Densification 217 Density 5,19,36,37,44,58,65 Design (of moulds) 122,145 Design procedures 17,153,158 Desirability factors 27 Detergents 38 Dielectric strength 65 Diffusion 220 Diisodecyl adipate plasticiser 254 Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate 254 * Cadmium 52 Canadian Industries Ltd 33 Capillary force 218 Caprolactam 63,66,243 Carbon black 11,52 Carbon Corporation 33 Carousel machines 14258 259 Hairs 42 HALS 11 Handles 131 Handwork 135 Head to head moulding 172 Heat deflection temperature 65 Heat exclusion 136,191 Heat inducement 135 Heat pipes 136 Heating 12 High density polyethylene 5,21,27,83,176 History 32,143 Holes 171 Hot air oven 104 Hot oil jacket 104,106 Hybrid 241 Hydrocarbons 38 Hydrodynamic force 218 Hygroscopic 69 Hyperlast 246 Hytrel 200 Disadvantages 4 Disclaimer 242 Distortion 60,129,185 Draft angles 165,169,185,191,193 Drilling 96 Drop box 22,83,138 Dry blending 11,50,184 Dry flow 44 Du Pont 33,72 Photochemical etching 168 Pigments 11,49,51,184 Pin holes 217,230 Plasticiser 9,87 Plastisols 1,9 Plates 27 Polyamide 10,22,27,167,177 Polycarbonate 10,18,28,69,167,174,177,200,237 Polyester 10,243 Polyethylene 4,5,22,27,28,69,159,167,168,174,177,182,204,218 Polyolefins 5 Polypropylene 9,19,21,27,183,237 Polystyrene 18 Polythene 33 Polyurethane 10,243,245 Pores 237 Powder characteristics 224 Powder densification 218 Powder particles 224 Powders 39 Power factor 39 Pressure 230 Pressure in bubbles 218, 220 Pressure level 229,236 Pressurisation of mould 237 Process control 196 Proteins 38 PTFE 72,140,148,191 PVC 1,9,10,27,28,32,34,106,159,170,174,177,200 PVC plastisols 243,245,254 Melt flow index 6,34,39,57,60,204,206,219,220,228 Melt index 6 Melt rheology 220 Melt temperature 218 MFI see Melt flow index Micrographs 239 Migration 50 Mild steel 134 Mild steel moulds 225 Mineral oils 38 Modulus 19,20,22,26,39,65 Moisture 218 Moisture absorption 65,69,89 Moisture sensitive 252 Molecular chain 220 Molecular weight 221 Molecular weight distribution 7,38 Mould balancing 208 Mould considerations 225 Mould hot-spots 227 Mould materials 224, 225 Mould shape 253 Mould swing 103 Moulded-in holes 131 Moulded-in inserts 127,147 Moulds 15,75 Mounting (of moulds) 140,149,189 Multi-layer moulding 22,81,211 Multiple shot process 254 » ( EBA 237 Electrical properties 39 Electroformed moulds 15,72,118 Electroformcd nickel/copper moulds 225 Elongation of bubbles 235 Engraving 121,128,183,193 Environmental stress cracking 5,38 Epoxide 243 Equivalent section 23 Etching (mould) 168 Ethylene butyl acrylate 8 Ethylene vinyl acetate 8 EVA 237 EVOH 28 a -T i ICI 28 Impact strength 60,65,79,93,203,234 Impact tests 222,237 Independent arm 13,114 Industrial machines 230 Inert atmosphere 68 Inertia forces 223 Inorganic salts 38 Inserts 120,127,144,147,192 Insulated hoppers 82,138 Interchangeable inserts 127 Internal air temperature 198 Irradiation 8 Isochronous curve 21 Isometric curve 21 Izod impact 65,86 n Fawcett, E W 33 Ferris wheel 110 Fines 44 Finish (of mould) 121 Finishing 95 Fixed arm 13,112 Fixed inserts 127 Flanges 123 ^ Flexural modulus 65,89,93 Flexural properties 234 Flexural stiffness 24 Fluoropolymers 10,17,81,201 Foam densities 24 Foamed core 22 Foaming 209 Fracture 241 Framing 149 Frekote 75 Frido 178 Fuel tanks 10 Nickel moulds 75 Nitrogen 218 Nitrogen purge 71 Nylon 10,22,27,62,159,167,168,174,177,237,245 Nylon-12 237 Nylon lining 23 Nyrim 84,212,246 Quality control 214 Radii 172 Reactive liquid 244 Reactive plastics 11,84 Relative humidity 88 Release agents 17,56,76,225 Removable cores 146 Removable inserts 127,129 Rheological properties 219,223 Ribs 144,146,162 RIM Nylon 84 Rock and roll machines 13,104,106 Rocking oven machine 106 Rockwell hardness 65 Rotation ratio 103,250 Rotation speed 250,254 Roto-blow 241 Rotocasting 1 Rotolog 208,236 Rotomoulding 1 Routing 96 Offset arm 104 Open flame 104 Organic esters 38 ‘O'-ring 241 Oven residence time 104 Oxidation 42,221,226 Oxygen 218 Kelly 57 Kiss-off points 17,128,138,144,146,164,185 Linear low density polyethylene 5,83,170 Liquid polymers 226,243 Liquid system 211 Low density polyethylene 5 Particle shape 47 Particle size 7,44,46,47 Particle size distribution 219 Parting line 120,122,144,145,151,241 Pattern 144 Permeability 6,28,95,211 Permittivity 39 Phenolic system 243 Gas 239 Gas injection 71 Gas pipeline 230 Gibson, R O 33 Glass microspheres 254 Grinding 7,40 Grit blasting 135 Guides 146 Machining Machines 12 95,100,212 ^ Magnets 147 Maintenance (of moulds) 142,151 Material reservoirs 138 Mechanical properties 234 Medium density polyethylene 5,182 ' ] '•VHi 260 Transparency 237 Turret machines 113,116 Sagging 71,81 Sandwich structures 22 Sawing 95 Scotchbrite 75 Secant modulus 19 Shear rate 221 Sheet metal moulds 16,75,118,200 Shot size 250 Shrinkage 40,81,144,149,161,167,185,186 Shuttle machines 14,109 Silicone release agents 17 Silicone rubber 11 Silicones 38,243 Sintering 217 Slush moulding 9 Soap 38 Softening point 40 Specific heat 39,65 Spherulites 79 Spiders 150 Spindle 13,74 Stabilisers 68 Stainless steel 15,75 Stainless steel moulds 225 Stearates 223 Stiffness 19,163,239 Strain 18 Stress crack resistance 6 Stress relaxation 20 Sugars 38 Surface finish (of mould) 119,121,134,148,168,183,225 Surface hardness 39,40 SurfaceTpores 217,222,224 Surface porosity 218,225,228,230 Surface resistivity 39 Surface tension 218, 220,225 Swing diameter 113 Undercuts 3,169,193 Unicast process 243 Uniformity (of thickness) 159 Union Carbide 33 Urea formaldehyde 243 UV stabilisers 11 Vacuum 239 Venting 15,72,139,149 Vertical style machines 110 VICAT softening point 40 Vinyl plastics 9,110 Viscoelasticity 19 Viscosity 34,57,218,222,232,244,245,254 Viscous material 220 Voids 218 Volume resistivity 39 Wall thickness 158,188,200 Warpage 57,79,147,161,185 Water absorption 65,70,81 Waxes 223 Weatherability 6,10 Welding 126 Young’s modulus 19 Ziegler 33 Tails 47,76 Tapping 96 Tensile modulus 234,237 Tensile strength 19,40,65 Tensile tests 234 Thermal conductivity 39,135,228 Thermal degradation 231 Threads 129 Titanates 52 Tolerances 175,177 Tongue and groove 145 Torsion 27 Toughness 93 Transfers 193
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