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| موضوع: كتاب Finite Element Analysis for Design Engineers السبت 24 أغسطس 2019, 12:21 am | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Finite Element Analysis for Design Engineers Second Edition Paul M. Kurowski
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Acknowledgements . v Preface xiii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 What Is Finite Element Analysis? 1 1.2 What Is the Place of Finite Element Analysis Among Other Tools of Computer-Aided Engineering? . 2 1.3 Fields of Application of FEA and Mechanism Analysis; Differences Between Structures and Mechanisms 2 1.4 Fields of Application of FEA and CFD . 4 1.5 What Is “FEA for Design Engineers”? 4 1.6 Importance of Hands-On Exercises 5 Chapter 2: From CAD Model to Results of Finite Element Analysis 7 2.1 Formulation of the Mathematical Model . 7 2.2 Selecting Numerical Method to Solve the Mathematical Model . 10 2.2.1 Selected Numerical Methods in Computer Aided Engineering . 10 2.2.2 Reasons for the Dominance of Finite Element Method 11 2.3 The Finite Element Model . 12 2.3.1 Meshing 12 2.3.2 Formulation of Finite-Element Equations 13 2.3.3 Errors in FEA Results . 14 2.4 Verification and Validation of FEA Results . 15 Chapter 3: Fundamental Concepts of Finite Element Analysis . 17 3.1 Formulation of a Finite Element 17 3.1.1 Closer Look at Finite Element 17 3.1.2 Requirements to be Satisfied by Displacement Interpolation Functions . 20 3.1.3 Artificial Restraints . 20 3.2 The Choice of Discretization . 22 3.3 Types of Finite Elements 23 3.3.1 Element Dimensionality . 23 3.3.2 Element Shape . 29 3.3.3 Element Order and Element Type . 29viii Contents 3.3.4 Summary of Commonly Used Elements . 31 3.3.5 Element Modeling Capabilities . 32 Chapter 4: Controlling Discretization Errors 35 4.1 Presenting Stress Results 36 4.2 Types of Convergence Process . 38 4.2.1 h Convergence by Global Mesh Refinement 38 4.2.2 h Convergence Process by Local Mesh Refinement 42 4.2.3 Adaptive h Convergence Process . 45 4.2.4 p Convergence Process 47 4.2.5 The Choice of Convergence Process . 49 4.3 Discretization Error 49 4.3.1 Convergence Error . 50 4.3.2 Solution Error 50 4.4 Problems With Convergence . 51 4.4.1 Stress Singularity . 51 4.4.2 Displacement Singularity 57 4.5 Hands-On Exercises 64 4.5.1 Hollow Plate (Figure 4.33) . 64 4.5.2 L Bracket (Figure 4.34) 66 4.5.3 2D Beam (Figure 4.35) . 67 Chapter 5: Finite Element Mesh 69 5.1 Meshing Techniques 69 5.1.1 Manual Meshing . 69 5.1.2 Semiautomatic Meshing . 70 5.1.3 Automeshing 71 5.2 Mesh Compatibility 74 5.2.1 Compatible Elements . 74 5.2.2 Incompatible Elements 74 5.2.3 Forced Compatibility . 76 5.3 Common Meshing Problems . 77 5.3.1 Element Distortion . 77 5.3.2 Mesh Adequacy 80 5.3.3 Element Mapping to Geometry . 82 5.3.4 Incorrect Conversion to Shell Model 83 5.4 Hands-On Exercises 84 5.4.1 BRACKET01 (Figure 5.24) . 84 5.4.2 Cantilever Beam (Figure 5.25) 85 Chapter 6: Modeling Process . 87 6.1 Modeling Steps 88 6.1.1 Definition of the Objective of Analysis 88 6.1.2 Selection of the Units of Measurement 88ix Contents 6.1.3 Geometry Preparation 89 6.1.4 Definition of Material Properties . 90 6.1.5 Definition of Boundary Conditions . 90 6.2 Modeling Techniques . 91 6.2.1 Mirror Symmetry and Antisymmetry Boundary Conditions 91 6.2.2 Axial Symmetry 96 6.2.3 Cyclic Symmetry . 97 6.2.4 Realignment of Degrees of Freedom 99 6.3 Hands-On Exercises . 100 6.3.1 BRACKET02-1 (Figure 6.14) 100 6.3.2 BRACKET02-2 (Figure 6.15) 101 6.3.3 BRACKET02-3 (Figure 6.16) 102 6.3.4 Shaft (Figure 6.17) . 103 6.3.5 Pressure Tank (Figure 6.18) . 104 6.3.6 RING (Figure 6.19) 105 6.3.7 Link (Figure 6.20) . 106 Chapter 7: Nonlinear Static Structural Analysis 109 7.1 Classification of Different Types of Nonlinearities . 109 7.2 Large Displacement Analysis 110 7.3 Membrane Stress Stiffening 117 7.4 Contact 123 7.5 Hands-On Exercises . 128 7.5.1 Cantilever Beam (Figure 7.1) 128 7.5.2 Torsion Shaft (Figure 7.7) . 129 7.5.3 Round Plate (Figure 7.12) . 129 7.5.4 LINK (Figure 7.17) . 130 7.5.5 Sliding Support (Figure 7.18) 130 7.5.6 CLAMP01 (Figure 7.21) 131 7.5.7 CLAMP02 (Figure 7.26) 131 7.5.8 Shrink Fit (Figure 7.27) . 132 Chapter 8: Nonlinear Material Analysis . 133 8.1 Review of Nonlinear Material Models . 133 8.2 Elastic–Perfectly Plastic Material Model 134 8.3 Use of Nonlinear Material to Control Stress Singularity 137 8.4 Other Types of Nonlinearities . 139 8.5 Hands-On Exercises . 140 8.5.1 BRACKET NL (Figure 8.3) 140 8.5.2 L BRACKET (Figure 8.7) . 140x Contents Chapter 9: Modal Analysis .143 9.1 Differences Between Modal and Static Analysis . 143 9.2 Interpretation of Displacement and Stress Results in Modal Analysis . 144 9.3 Modal Analysis With Rigid Body Modes . 145 9.4 Importance of Supports in Modal Analysis . 147 9.5 Applications of Modal Analysis . 148 9.5.1 Finding Modal Frequencies and Associated Shapes of Vibration . 148 9.5.2 Locating “Weak Spots” in Structure 149 9.5.3 Modal Analysis Provides Input to Vibration Analysis 150 9.6 Prestress Modal Analysis . 150 9.7 Symmetry and Antisymmetry Boundary Conditions in Modal Analysis . 152 9.8 Convergence of Modal Frequencies 154 9.9 Meshing Consideration for Modal Analysis . 155 9.10 Hands-On Exercises . 155 9.10.1 Tuning Fork (Figure 9.12) . 155 9.10.2 Box (Figure 9.1) . 156 9.10.3 Airplane (Figure 9.2) . 156 9.10.4 Ball (Figure 9.4) . 157 9.10.5 Link (Figure 9.5) 157 9.10.6 Helicopter Blade (Figure 9.7) 158 9.10.7 Column (Figure 9.8) . 159 9.10.8 Bracket (Figure 9.10) . 159 Chapter 10: Buckling Analysis . 161 10.1 Linear Buckling Analysis . 162 10.2 Convergence of Results in Linear Buckling Analysis . 165 10.3 Nonlinear Buckling Analysis . 165 10.4 Summary 176 10.5 Hands-On Exercises . 177 10.5.1 Notched Column—Free End (Figure 10.1) 177 10.5.2 Notched Column—Sliding End (Figure 10.2) 178 10.5.3 Button (Figure 10.11) . 178 10.5.4 Curved Column (Figure 10.15) 179 10.5.5 Stand (Figure 10.16) . 179 10.5.6 CURVED_SHEET (Figure 10.17) . 179 Chapter 11: Vibration Analysis . 181 11.1 Modal Superposition Method . 181 11.2 Time Response Analysis . 183 11.3 Frequency Response Analysis . 186xi Contents 11.4 Nonlinear Vibration Analysis . 190 11.5 Hands-On Exercises . 193 11.5.1 Hammer Impulse Load (Figure 11.2) . 193 11.5.2 Hammer Beating (Figure 11.2) . 194 11.5.3 ELBOW_PIPE (Figure 11.7) . 194 11.5.4 Centrifuge (Figure 11.10) . 195 11.5.5 PLANK (Figure 11.13) 196 Chapter 12: Thermal Analysis 197 12.1 Heat Transfer Induced by Prescribed Temperatures 197 12.2 Heat Transfer Induced by Heat Power and Convection . 198 12.3 Heat Transfer by Radiation . 201 12.4 Modeling Considerations in Thermal Analysis 202 12.5 Challenges in Thermal Analysis . 204 12.6 Hand-On Exercises 205 12.6.1 Bracket (Figure 12.1) . 205 12.6.2 Heat Sink (Figure 12.2) . 205 12.6.3 Channel (Figure 12.4) 206 12.6.4 Space Heater (Figure 12.6) 207 Chapter 13: Implementation of Finite Element Analysis in the Design Process 209 13.1 Differences Between CAD and FEA Geometry 209 13.1.1 Defeaturing 210 13.1.2 Idealization 211 13.1.3 Cleanup 213 13.2 Common Meshing Problems 214 13.3 Mesh Inadequacy . 217 13.4 Integration of CAD and FEA Software . 218 13.4.1 Stand-Alone FEA Software . 218 13.4.2 FEA Programs Integrated With CAD . 218 13.4.3 Computer-Aided Engineering Programs . 218 13.5 FEA Implementation 219 13.5.1 Positioning of CAD and FEA Activities . 219 13.5.2 Personnel Training 220 13.5.3 FEA Program Selection . 222 13.5.4 Hardware Selection 225 13.5.5 Building Confidence in the FEA . 225 13.5.6 Return-On Investment . 226 13.6 FEA Project . 227 13.6.1 Major Steps in FEA Project 227 13.6.2 FEA Report . 230 13.6.3 Importance of Documentation and Backups . 231xii Contents 13.6.4 Contracting Out FEA Services . 232 13.6.5 Common Errors in the FEA Management . 233 Chapter 14: Misconceptions and Frequently Asked Questions 235 14.1 FEA Quiz 235 14.2 Frequently Asked Questions 239 Chapter 15: FEA Resources 251 References 252 Chapter 16: Glossary of Terms .253 Chapter 17: List of Exercises 259 Index 261 About the Author
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