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عدد المساهمات : 18962 التقييم : 35392 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Advanced Biomaterials and Biodevices الثلاثاء 01 يناير 2019, 12:14 am | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Advanced Biomaterials and Biodevices من سلسلة علم المواد المتقدمة Advanced Material Series Ashutosh Tiwari and Anis N. Nordin
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Contents Preface xv Part 1: Cutting-edge Biomaterials 1 1 Frontiers for Bulk Nanostructured Metals in Biomedical Applications 3 T.C. Lowe and R.Z. Valiev 1.1 Introduction to Nanostructured Metals 3 1.1.1 Importance of Nanostructured Biomedical Metals 3 1.1.2 Brief Overview of the Evolution of Bulk Nanostructured Metals 5 1.1.3 Desirable Characteristics of Nanostructured Metals for Medical Applications 6 1.2 Nanostructured Metals as Biomaterials for Medical Applications 10 1.2.1 Nanostructured Titanium and its Alloys 11 1.2.2 Stainless Steels 22 1.2.3 Cobalt-Chromium Alloys 23 1.2.4 Magnesium Alloys 25 1.3 Summary and Conclusions 29 Acknowledgment 30 References 30 2 Stimuli-responsive Materials Used as Medical Devices in Loading and Releasing of Drugs 53 H. Iv?n Meléndez-Ortiz and Emilio Bucio 2.1 Introduction 54 2.2 Classifcation of Materials for Bioapplications 55 2.2.1 Polymers 55 2.2.2 Ceramics 55 2.2.3 Composites 56 2.2.4 Metals 56vi Contents 2.3 Responsive Polymers in Controlled Drug Delivery 56 2.3.1 Temperature-responsive Polymers 57 2.3.2 pH-responsive Polymers 58 2.3.3 Electric-responsive Polymers 58 2.3.4 Magneto-responsive Polymers 59 2.3.5 Photo-responsive Polymers 59 2.4 Types of Medical Devices 60 2.4.1 Stents 60 2.4.2 Cannulas 60 2.4.3 Catheters 61 2.4.4 Cardiac Pumps 61 2.4.5 Prostheses 62 2.4.6 Sutures 62 2.5 Materials Used in Medical Devices 62 2.5.1 Elastomers for Biomedical Devices 63 2.5.2 Shape-memory Polymer Systems Intended for Biomedical Devices 63 2.5.3 Metallic Materials for Biomedical Devices 63 2.5.4 Ceramic Materials for Biomedical Devices 64 2.5.5 Sol–gel Materials for Biomaterials Devices 64 2.6 Stimuli-responsive Polymers Used in Medical Devices 65 2.6.1 Advancements in Design of Medical Device 66 2.6.2 Drug Delivery Improved by Devices 67 2.7 Infections Associated with Medical Devices 68 2.7.1 Antibiotic-loaded Medical Devices 69 2.7.2 Bioflm Formation 70 2.7.3 Approaches for the Prevention of Device-related Infections 72 Acknowledgements 72 References 72 3 Recent Advances with Liposomes as Drug Carriers 79 Shravan Kumar Sriraman and Vladimir P. Torchilin 3.1 Introduction 80 3.2 Passive Targeting of Liposomes 83 3.2.1 Plain and Cationic Liposomes 83 3.2.2 Polymer-Coated Long-Circulating Liposomes 84 3.2.3 Stimuli-Sensitive and Triggered Release Liposomes 86Contents vii 3.3 Actively Targeted Liposomes 88 3.3.1 Antibody-Targeted Liposomes 90 3.3.2 Single Ligand-Targeted Liposomes 91 3.3.3 Dual-Targeted Liposomes 94 3.4 Multifunctional Liposomes 95 3.5 Conclusions and Future Directions 98 References 101 4 Fabrication, Properties of Nanoshells with Controllable Surface Charge and its Applications 121 Parul Khurana, Sheenam Tatai and Dinesh Kumar 4.1 What is Nanotechnology? 122 4.2 Nanomaterials and Teir Uses 122 4.3 Classifcation of Nanomaterials 124 4.4 Nanoparticles 126 4.5 Nanocomposites Material 128 4.6 Spherical Silica Particles 129 4.7 Silver Nanoparticles 132 4.8 Gold Nanoparticles 134 4.9 SiO 2@Ag and SiO2@Au Core-shell Nanocomposites 137 4.10 Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering 139 4.11 Conclusions 141 Acknowledgements 141 References 141 5 Chitosan as an Advanced Healthcare Material 147 M.A. Jardine and S. Sayed 147 5.1 Introduction 147 5.1.1 Chitosan 148 5.1.2 General Applications 149 5.2 Chemical Modifcation and Analysis 150 5.2.1 Characterization 151 5.3 Chitosan Co-polymers 154 5.4 Nanoparticles 156 5.5 Nanofbres (Electrospinning) 158 5.6 Visualising Nanostructures 160 5.7 Biomedical Applications of Chitosan 163 5.7.1 Current Technology Status 164 5.7.2 Wound Healing/Tissue Regeneration 166viii Contents 5.7.3 Targeted Delivery Agents 168 5.7.4 Antimicrobial Studies 171 5.8 Conclusion 175 References 175 6 Chitosan and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan: Biological and Biomedical Applications 183 Nazma N. Inamdar and Vishnukant Mourya 6.1 Introduction 184 6.2 Biodegradability of Chitin and Chitosan 184 6.3 Biocomapatibility and Toxicology of Chitin and Chitosan 186 6.4 Chitosan as Antimicrobial Agent 187 6.4.1 Mode of Action of Antimicrobial Action 188 6.4.2 Factors A?ecting Antimicrobial Activity 191 6.5 Chitosan as Haemostatic Agent 196 6.6 Chitosan as Immunity Modulator 198 6.7 Chitosan as Adjuvant 202 6.8 Chitosan as Wound Healing Accelerator 203 6.9 Chitosan as Lipid Lowering Agent & Dietary Supplement in Aid of Weight Loss 211 6.10 Chitosan as Antioxidant 214 6.11 Conclusion 220 References 221 7 Anticipating Behaviour of Advanced Materials in Healthcare 243 Tanvir Arfn and Simin Fatma 7.1 Introduction 244 7.2 Te Evolution of the Bio-advance Materials Fields 246 7.2.1 First Generation 247 7.2.2 Second Generation 247 7.2.3 Tird Generation 247 7.3 Evaluation in Humans 247 7.4 Te Natural History of Diseases 248 7.4.1 Risk Factors 248 7.4.2 Subject and Observer Bias 248 7.4.3 Basic Process in Drug 249 7.5 Enzyme 249 7.5.1 Enzyme Units and Concentrations 252Contents ix 7.5.2 Assay of Enzyme Activity 254 7.5.3 Enzymes in Health Sciences 258 7.6 Biosensor 259 7.7 Platinum Material Used in Medicine 267 7.8 Antibody 268 7.8.1 Antibodies-Production and Properties 268 7.9 Antibody microarrays 275 7.10 Conclusion 278 References 279 Part 2: Innovative Biodevices 289 8 Label-Free Biochips 291 Anis N. Nordin 8.1 Introduction 291 8.2 Label-Free Analysis 292 8.3 Electrochemical Biosensors 293 8.4 Acoustic Wave-based Mass Sensors 297 8.5 Bulk Acoustic Wave Sensors 297 8.6 Surface Acoustic Wave Mass Sensors 300 8.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects 302 References 303 9 Polymer MEMS Sensors 305 V.Seena, Prasenjith Ray, Prashanthi Kovur, Manoj Kandpal and V. Ramgopal Rao 9.1 Introduction 306 9.2 Polymer Nanocomposite Piezoresistive Microcantilever Sensors 309 9.2.1 Preparation and Characterization of SU-8/CB Nanocomposite 310 9.2.2 Design and Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposite Cantilevers 314 9.2.3 Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposite Cantilevers 316 9.3 Organic CantiFET 318 9.3.1 Process Integration of Organic CantiFET 320 9.3.2 Characterization of Organic CantiFET 322 9.4 Polymer Microcantilever Sensors with Embedded Al-doped ZnO Transistor 324x Contents 9.5 Piezoelectric Nanocomposite (SU-8/ZNO) Tin Films Studies and Teir Integration with Piezoelectric MEMS Devices 327 9.5.1 Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization 328 9.5.2 Fabrication of Polymer (SU-8) Piezoelectric (ZnO) Composite MEMS Cantilevers 331 9.5.3 Characterization of SU-8/ZnO Cantilevers as Vibration Sensors: 332 9.6 Polymer Nanomechanical Cantilever Sensors for Detection of Explosives 334 References 337 10 Assembly of Polymers/Metal Nanoparticles and their Applications as Medical Devices 343 Magdalena Stevanovi? 10.1 Introduction 344 10.2 Platinum Nanoparticles 346 10.3 Gold Nanoparticles 347 10.4 Silver Nanoparticles 350 10.5 Assembly of Polymers/Silver Nanoparticles 351 10.6 Conclusion 357 Acknowledgements 357 References 357 11 Combination of Molecular Imprinting and Nanotechnology: Beginning of a New Horizon 367 Rashmi Madhuri, Ekta Roy, Kritika Gupta and Prashant K. Sharma 11.1 Introduction 368 11.1.1 What is “Imprinting”? 368 11.1.2 Te MIP ‘Rule of Six’ 372 11.1.3 Downsides of “Te Imprinted Materials” 372 11.1.4 How to Overcome the Problems 373 11.2 Classifcation of Imprinted Nanomaterials 374 11.2.1 Imprinting Onto the Nanostructure Surfaces 375 11.2.2 Tin Film Imprinting 410 11.3 Imprinted Materials at Nanoscale 412 11.3.1 Imprinted Nanoparticle 412 11.3.2 Nanosphere 415Contents xi 11.3.3 Comparative Study Between Micro- and Nano-imprnted Materials 416 11.3.4 Imprinted Nanogel 417 11.3.5 Nano Imprint Lithography 418 11.4 Conclusions & Future Outlook 418 Acknowledgements 419 References 419 12 Prussian Blue and Analogues: Biosensing Applications in Health Care 423 Salazar P, Mart?n M, O’Neill RD, Lorenzo-Luis P, Roche R and Gonz?lez-Mora JL 12.1 Introduction 424 12.2 General Aspects of Prussian Blue and Other Hexacyanoferrates 426 12.2.1 Overview 426 12.2.2 Chemical and Structure of Prussian Blue and Its Analogues 426 12.2.3 pH Stability and Deposition Method 427 12.3 Prussian Blue: Hydrogen Peroxide Electrocatalysis 428 12.4 Prussian Blue: Biosensor Applications 430 12.4.1 Prussian Blue and Analogues Enzyme System 432 12.5 Prussian Blue: Immunosensor Applications 439 12.5.1 ?-fetoprotein Antigen 440 12.5.2 Carcinoembryonic Antigen 441 12.5.3 Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 442 12.5.4 Neuron-specifc Enolase Antigen 443 12.5.5 Carcinoma Antigen 125 443 12.5.6 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Antigen 444 12.5.7 Prostate Specifc Antigen 445 12.5.8 Hepatitis B Antigen 445 12.6 Conclusions 446 Acknowledgment 446 References 447 13 Efciency of Biosensors as New Generation of Analytical Approaches at the Biochemical Diagnostics of Diseases 451 N.F. Starodub and M. D. Melnychuk 13.1 Introduction 452 13.2 General Approaches for the Development of Optical Immune Biosensors 452xii Contents 13.2.1 Fiber Optic Immune Biosensors for Diagnostics 452 13.2.2 Fiber Pptic Immune Biosensor Based on the Principle of the “Evanescent” Wave 456 13.2.3 Immune Biosensor Based on the E?ect of the Enhanced Chemiluminescence (ChL) [6] 458 13.2.4 Immune Biosensor Based on the Photoluminescence (PhL) of Porous Silicon (PS) [9–17] 462 13.2.5 Direct Electrometric Approach to Register Interaction Between Biological Molecules [18, 19] 466 13.2.6 Immune Biosensor Based on the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) 467 13.3 Electrochemical Enzymatic Biosensors Based on the Ion-sensitive Field F?ect Transistors (ISFETs) 471 13.3.1 Analysis of the Urea Level in Blood [46] 472 13.3.2 Determination of the Glucose Level in Blood [47] 473 13.4 Multi-parametrical Biosensors [49–51] 475 13.5 Modeling Selective Sites and their Application in the Sensory Technology 478 13.5.1 Template Sensor: Principle of Creation and Characteristics of Work and Determination of Some Biochemical Substances [52] 478 13.5.2 Artifcial Selective Sites in the Sensors Intended for the Control of Some Biochemical Indexes [54] 480 13.6 Conclusion 481 References 482 14 Nanoparticles: Scope in Drug Delivery 487 Megha Tanwar, Jaishree Meena and Laxman S. Meena 14.1 Introduction 488 14.2 Di?erent Forms of Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery 489 14.3 Tuberculosis Targeting Nanoparticles 493 14.3.1 Action of anti-TB drugs 495 14.4 Cancer & Tumor Targeting Nanoparticles 505 14.5 Conclusion 511 References 512Contents xiii 15 Smart Polypeptide Nanocarriers for Malignancy Terapeutics 523 Jianxun Ding, Di Li, Xiuli Zhuang and Xuesi Chen 15.1 Introduction 523 15.2 Smart Polypeptide Nanovehicles for Antitumor Drug Delivery 525 15.2.1 Polypeptide Micelles 525 15.2.2 Polypeptide Vesicles 529 15.2.3 Polypeptide Nanogels 530 15.2.4 Other Smart Polypeptide Nanovehicles 538 15.3 Conclusions and Perspectives 539 References 539 Index 54
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