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| موضوع: كتاب Electrical Engineering - Know It All الإثنين 17 ديسمبر 2018, 10:23 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Electrical Engineering - Know It All Clive Maxfield, John Bird, M. A.Laughton, W. Bolton, Andrew Leven, Ron Schmitt, Keith Sueker, Tim Williams, Mike Tooley, Luis Moura, Izzat Darwazeh, Walt Kester, Alan Bensky, DF Warne
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Contents About the Authors .xv Chapter 1: An Introduction to Electric Circuits 1 1.1 SI Units .1 1.2 Charge .2 1.3 Force .2 1.4 Work 3 1.5 Power 4 1.6 Electrical Potential and e.m.f. .5 1.7 Resistance and Conductance .5 1.8 Electrical Power and Energy .6 1.9 Summary of Terms, Units and Their Symbols 7 1.10 Standard Symbols for Electrical Components 8 1.11 Electric Current and Quantity of Electricity .8 1.12 Potential Difference and Resistance .10 1.13 Basic Electrical Measuring Instruments .11 1.14 Linear and Nonlinear Devices 11 1.15 Ohm’s Law 12 1.16 Multiples and Submultiples 13 1.17 Conductors and Insulators 16 1.18 Electrical Power and Energy .16 1.19 Main Effects of Electric Current .20 Chapter 2: Resistance and Resistivity 21 2.1 Resistance and Resistivity .21 2.2 Temperature Coefficient of Resistance .25 Chapter 3: Series and Parallel Networks .31 3.1 Series Circuits .31 3.2 Potential Divider .34 vi Contents 3.3 Parallel Networks 37 3.4 Current Division 43 3.5 Relative and Absolute Voltages 48 Chapter 4: Capacitors and Inductors .53 4.1 Introduction to Capacitors 53 4.2 Electrostatic Field .53 4.3 Electric Field Strength 55 4.4 Capacitance .56 4.5 Capacitors .56 4.6 Electric Flux Density 58 4.7 Permittivity .59 4.8 The Parallel Plate Capacitor 61 4.9 Capacitors Connected in Parallel and Series 64 4.10 Dielectric Strength 70 4.11 Energy Stored 71 4.12 Practical Types of Capacitors 72 4.13 Inductance .76 4.14 Inductors .78 4.15 Energy Stored 80 Chapter 5: DC Circuit Theory 81 5.1 Introduction .81 5.2 Kirchhoff’s Laws 81 5.3 The Superposition Theorem 89 5.4 General DC Circuit Theory .95 5.5 Thévenin’s Theorem .99 5.6 Constant-Current Source .106 5.7 Norton’s Theorem .107 5.8 Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Networks 111 5.9 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem .117 Chapter 6: Alternating Voltages and Currents 123 6.1 The AC Generator .123 6.2 Waveforms 124 Contents vii 6.3 AC Values .126 6.4 The Equation of a Sinusoidal Waveform 133 6.5 Combination of Waveforms 139 6.6 Rectification 146 Chapter 7: Complex Numbers 149 7.1 Introduction .149 7.2 Operations involving Cartesian Complex Numbers .152 7.3 Complex Equations .155 7.4 The polar Form of a Complex Number .157 7.5 Applying Complex Numbers to Series AC Circuits .158 7.6 Applying Complex Numbers to Parallel AC Circuits .171 Chapter 8: Transients and Laplace Transforms 185 8.1 Introduction .185 8.2 Response of R-C Series Circuit to a Step Input 185 8.3 Response of R-L Series Circuit to a Step Input 192 8.4 L-R-C Series Circuit Response .199 8.5 Introduction to Laplace Transforms 205 8.6 Inverse Laplace Transforms and the Solution of Differential Equations 215 Chapter 9: Frequency Domain Circuit Analysis .229 9.1 Introduction .229 9.2 Sinusoidal AC Electrical Analysis 229 9.3 Generalized Frequency Domain Analysis 257 References .315 Chapter 10: Digital Electronics 317 10.1 Semiconductors .317 10.2 Semiconductor Diodes 318 10.3 Bipolar Junction Transistors .319 10.4 Metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-effect Transistors .321 10.5 The transistor as a Switch .322 10.6 Gallium Arsenide Semiconductors .324 10.7 Light-emitting Diodes .324 10.8 BUF and NOT Functions 327viii Contents 10.9 AND, OR, and XOR Functions 329 10.10 NAND, NOR, and XNOR Functions 329 10.11 Not a Lot .331 10.12 Functions Versus Gates .332 10.13 NOT and BUF Gates .333 10.14 NAND and AND Gates 335 10.15 NOR and OR Gates .336 10.16 XNOR and XOR Gates .337 10.17 Pass-Transistor Logic 339 10.18 Combining a Single Variable With Logic 0 or Logic 1 342 10.19 The Idempotent Rules .342 10.20 The Complementary Rules .343 10.21 The Involution Rules .344 10.22 The Commutative Rules .344 10.23 The Associative Rules .344 10.24 Precedence of Operators .345 10.25 The First Distributive Rule .346 10.26 The Second Distributive Rule .346 10.27 The Simplification Rules 348 10.28 DeMorgan Transformations 349 10.29 Minterms and Maxterms .351 10.30 Sum-of-Products and Product-of-sums .351 10.31 Canonical Forms .352 10.32 Karnaugh Maps .353 10.33 Minimization Using Karnaugh Maps .354 10.34 Grouping Minterms .355 10.35 Incompletely Specified Functions .356 10.36 Populating Maps Using 0s versus 1s .359 10.37 Scalar Versus Vector Notation 360 10.38 Equality Comparators .361 10.39 Multiplexers 363 10.40 Decoders .364 10.41 Tri-State Functions 365 10.42 Combinational Versus Sequential Functions 367 10.43 RS Latches 367 Contents ix 10.44 D-Type Latches .373 10.45 D-Type Flip-Flops .374 10.46 JK and T Flip-Flops 377 10.47 Shift Registers .378 10.48 Counters 381 10.49 Setup and Hold Times .383 10.50 Brick by Brick .384 10.51 State Diagrams 386 10.52 State Tables .387 10.53 State Machines 388 10.54 State Assignment 389 10.55 Don’t Care States, Unused States, and Latch-Up Conditions .392 Chapter 11: Analog Electronics .395 11.1 Operational Amplifiers Defined 395 11.2 Symbols and Connections .395 11.3 Operational Amplifier Parameters 397 11.4 Operational Amplifier Characteristics 402 11.5 Operational Amplifier Applications 403 11.6 Gain and Bandwidth .405 11.7 Inverting Amplifier With Feedback 406 11.8 Operational Amplifier Configurations 408 11.9 Operational Amplifier Circuits .412 11.10 The Ideal Op-Amp 418 11.11 The Practical Op-Amp 420 11.12 Comparators 450 11.13 Voltage References 459 Chapter 12: Circuit Simulation 465 12.1 Types of Analysis 466 12.2 Netlists and Component Models .476 12.3 Logic Simulation .479 Chapter 13: Interfacing 481 13.1 Mixing Analog and Digital .481 13.2 Generating Digital Levels From Analog Inputs 484x Contents 13.3 Classic Data Interface Standards 487 13.4 High Performance Data Interface Standards .493 Chapter 14: Microcontrollers and Microprocessors 499 14.1 Microprocessor Systems .499 14.2 Single-Chip Microcomputers 499 14.3 Microcontrollers 500 14.4 PIC Microcontrollers 500 14.5 Programmed Logic Devices 500 14.6 Programmable Logic Controllers 501 14.7 Microprocessor Systems .501 14.8 Data Representation 503 14.9 Data Types 505 14.10 Data Storage 505 14.11 The Microprocessor 506 14.12 Microprocessor Operation 512 14.13 A Microcontroller System 518 14.14 Symbols Introduced in this Chapter 523 Chapter 15: Power Electronics .525 15.1 Switchgear 525 15.2 Surge Suppression .528 15.3 Conductors 530 15.4 Capacitors .533 15.5 Resistors 536 15.6 Fuses .538 15.7 Supply Voltages 539 15.8 Enclosures .539 15.9 Hipot, Corona, and BIL 540 15.10 Spacings 541 15.11 Metal Oxide Varistors .542 15.12 Protective Relays 543 15.13 Symmetrical Components .544 15.14 Per Unit Constants 546 15.15 Circuit Simulation .547 Contents xi 15.16 Simulation Software .551 15.17 Feedback Control Systems 552 15.18 Power Supplies 559 Chapter 16: Signals and Signal Processing .609 16.1 Origins of Real-World Signals and their Units of Measurement 609 16.2 Reasons for Processing Real-World Signals .610 16.3 Generation of Real-World Signals 612 16.4 Methods and Technologies Available for Processing Real-World Signals .612 16.5 Analog Versus Digital Signal Processing .613 16.6 A Practical Example .614 References .617 Chapter 17: Filter Design .619 17.1 Introduction .619 17.2 Passive Filters .621 17.3 Active Filters .622 17.4 First-Order Filters .628 17.5 Design of First-Order Filters .630 17.6 Second-Order Filters .632 17.7 Using the Transfer Function .636 17.8 Using Normalized Tables 641 17.9 Using Identical Components .641 17.10 Second-Order High-Pass Filters .642 17.11 Bandpass Filters 650 17.12 Switched Capacitor Filter .654 17.13 Monolithic Switched Capacitor Filter .657 17.14 The Notch Filter 659 17.15 Choosing Components for Filters .663 17.16 Testing Filter Response .665 17.17 Fast Fourier Transforms 666 17.18 Digital Filters 694 References .732 Chapter 18: Control and Instrumentation Systems .735 18.1 Introduction .735 xii Contents 18.2 Systems .737 18.3 Control Systems Models .741 18.4 Measurement Elements .747 18.5 Signal Processing 761 18.6 Correction Elements .769 18.7 Control Systems 780 18.8 System Models 791 18.9 Gain .793 18.10 Dynamic Systems .797 18.11 Differential Equations .812 18.12 Transfer Function 816 18.13 System Transfer Functions .822 18.14 Sensitivity .826 18.15 Block Manipulation 830 18.16 Multiple Inputs 835 Chapter 19: Communications Systems .837 19.1 Introduction .837 19.2 Analog Modulation Techniques 839 19.3 The Balanced Modulator/Demodulator 848 19.4 Frequency Modulation and Demodulation .850 19.5 FM Modulators .860 19.6 FM Demodulators .862 19.7 Digital Modulation Techniques .865 19.8 Information Theory .873 19.9 Applications and Technologies .899 References .951 Chapter 20: Principles of Electromagnetics 953 20.1 The Need for Electromagnetics 953 20.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum .955 20.3 Electrical Length .960 20.4 The Finite Speed of Light .960 20.5 Electronics 961 20.6 Analog and Digital Signals .964 20.7 RF Techniques 964Contents xiii 20.8 Microwave Techniques .967 20.9 Infrared and the Electronic Speed Limit .968 20.10 Visible Light and Beyond .969 20.11 Lasers and Photonics 971 20.12 Summary of General Principles 972 20.13 The Electric Force Field 973 20.14 Other Types of Fields 975 20.15 Voltage and Potential Energy 976 20.16 Charges in Metals .978 20.17 The Definition of Resistance .980 20.18 Electrons and Holes 980 20.19 Electrostatic Induction and Capacitance .982 20.20 Insulators (dielectrics) .986 20.21 Static Electricity and Lightning 988 20.22 The Battery Revisited .992 20.23 Electric Field Examples 993 20.24 Conductivity and Permittivity of Common Materials .994 References .995 Chapter 21: Magnetic Fields 1003 21.1 Moving Charges: Source of All Magnetic Fields .1003 21.2 Magnetic Dipoles 1005 21.3 Effects of the Magnetic Field 1008 21.4 The Vector Magnetic Potential and Potential Momentum 1018 21.5 Magnetic Materials .1019 21.6 Magnetism and Quantum Physics .1022 References .1024 Chapter 22: Electromagnetic Transients and EMI .1027 22.1 Line Disturbances .1027 22.2 Circuit Transients 1028 22.3 Electromagnetic Interference 1030 Chapter 23: Traveling Wave Effects .1033 23.1 Basics 1033 23.2 Transient Effects .1035 23.3 Mitigating Measures .1038xiv Contents Chapter 24: Transformers 1039 24.1 Voltage and Turns Ratio 1040 Chapter 25: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 1047 25.1 Introduction .1047 25.2 Common Terms .1048 25.3 The EMC Model .1049 25.4 EMC Requirements .1052 25.5 Product design .1054 25.6 Device Selection .1056 25.7 Printed Circuit Boards 1056 25.8 Interfaces .1057 25.9 Power Supplies and Power-Line Filters 1058 25.10 Signal Line Filters .1059 25.11 Enclosure Design 1061 25.12 Interface Cable Connections .1063 25.13 Golden Rules for Effective Design for EMC 1065 25.14 System Design 1066 25.15 Buildings .1069 25.16 Conformity Assessment 1070 25.17 EMC Testing and Measurements 1072 25.18 Management Plans 1075 References .1076 Appendix A: General Reference .1077 A.1 Standard Electrical Quantities—Their Symbols and Units 1077 Appendix B: .1081 B.1 Differential
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