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| موضوع: كتاب Conveyor Belt Furnace Thermal Processing السبت 17 نوفمبر 2018, 5:50 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Conveyor Belt Furnace Thermal Processing Jinlong Xu, Joyce Zhang, Ken Kuang
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Contents Introduction . 1 What Is Thermal Processing? 1 Different Types of Thermal Processing 1 What Is a Conveyor Belt Furnace? 3 Basic Structure of Conveyor Belt Furnace 3 Typical Applications . 6 Understanding the Influence of Belt Furnace and Firing Parameters on Efficiency of Silicon Solar Cells 13 Introduction 13 Screen Printing . 13 Firing . 14 Effect of Peak Temperature 15 Effect of Soak Time . 15 Belt Furnace Parameters 16 Furnace for Firing Operation 16 Conclusion 18 References . 18 Understanding the Influence of Belt Furnace and Firing Parameters on Efficiency of Thin-Film CIGS Solar Cells 21 Introduction 21 Processing CIGS in a Belt Furnace 22 Effect of Selenization Profle on the Effciency of Solar Cell . 23 Belt Furnace for CIGS Processing 24 Conclusion 26 References . 26 Understanding the Influence of Belt Furnace and Sintering Parameters on Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells . 27 Introduction 27 Structure 27 Electricity Generation Schematics 28xii Material Selection . 28 Advantages 29 Process of Sintering in a Belt Furnace . 30 In?uence of Sintering Temperature on Performance of DSSCs 30 Furnace for DSSC Application . 31 Belt Furnace Parameters 33 References . 33 Manufacturing Solar Cells: Assembly and Packaging 35 Introduction 35 First Generation 36 Phosphorus Diffusion 36 Silicon Wafer Metallization . 36 Solar Module Assembly 37 Second Generation 37 Thin-Film Deposition 38 Thin-Film Annealing . 38 Metallization . 39 Third Generation 39 Similar to Semiconductor . 40 Conclusion 41 A Practical Guide for Improving Crystalline Solar Cell Efficiencies Through Optimization of the Firing Process 43 Introduction 43 Thermal Process Development . 43 Trial and Error Experimentation for Improved Wafer Profles . 44 Transferring the Process from the Pilot Line to the Production Lines . 48 Periodic Adjustment of the Production Furnaces to Consistently Produce Higher Effciency Cells 50 Conclusion 50 Study on the Effect of the Firing Process to the Energy Conversion Efficiency of Solar Cells . 51 Background 51 Principle of Experiment 51 Material and Equipment List 51 Experiment 52 Analysis and Discussion 52 Conclusion 54 Thermal Profiling of Silicon Solar Cells During the Metallization Process . 55 Introduction 55 Thermocouple Junction Design 56 Test Conditions . 56 Measurement Accuracy and Reproducibility 59 Contentsxiii Discussion and Highlights 61 Conclusions 61 References . 61 PID Temperature Control . 63 Introduction 63 Different Types of Temperature Control 64 Control Loop Basics . 64 On-Off Control . 65 Proportional Control . 66 PID Control 66 PID Control 67 Introduction 67 PID Controller Theory . 67 Proportional Term . 68 Steady-State Error . 68 Integral Term . 68 Derivative Term . 69 Loop Tuning . 70 Stability . 70 Optimum Behavior 71 Overview of Methods 71 Manual Tuning . 71 Ziegler-Nichols Method 72 PID Tuning Software 73 Limitations of PID Control 73 Linearity 74 Noise in Derivative 75 Modifcation of PID Control . 75 Overshooting from Known Disturbances . 75 Future Pattern of PID Control 76 References . 76 Introduction to Materials and Firing Parameters in Thick Film Firing 77 Introduction 77 Material . 77 Conductor Pastes 78 Resistor Pastes . 78 Dielectrics Pastes . 79 Paste Selection . 79 Firing Parameters . 79 Temperature Profle 80 Air?ow . 80 References . 82 Contentsxiv Influence of Belt Furnace on Engine Valve Heat Treatment 83 Introduction 83 Engine Valve Heat Treatment Description 83 References . 85 The Influence of a Belt Furnace on the Brazing Process . 87 Introduction 87 Parameters of Brazing Process . 88 Atmosphere Control in a Belt Furnace . 88 Selecting a Furnace for Brazing 90 Conclusion 92 The Influence of Belt Furnace on Post Mold Cure Process . 93 Introduction 93 PMC Process in IC Encapsulation 93 Applications of PMC 94 The In?uence of PMC on Material Properties . 95 Furnace Selection of PMC 97 Furnace Control of PMC 99 Belt Furnace for PMC 99 Conclusion 101 An Introduction to Glass-to-Metal Seals . 103 Introduction 103 Types of Glass-to-Metal Seals . 103 Fabrication of Glass-to-Metal Seals . 105 Copper-to-Glass Seals 106 Summary 108 Furnaces for Glass-to-Metal Seal Applications 108 HSA1310-0611NH 108 Furnace Specifcation 109 Furnace Layout . 109 HSA 1503-0409NH . 110 Advantages 110 Main Characteristics . 111 References . 112 Furnace Temperature and Atmosphere Influences on Producing Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Powders for Lithium-Ion Batteries 113 Introduction 113 Solid State Processing Methods 114 Solution-Based Processing Methods . 116 Firing Temperature In?uence on Powder Formation 117 In?uence of Atmospheric Conditions on Characteristics of LiFePO4 . 119 Furnace for LiFePO4 Manufacturing 120 Conclusion 120 References . 121 Contentsxv Direct Bond Copper (DBC) Technologies . 123 Introduction 123 DBC Process . 124 Patterned Substrates . 126 Plating 127 Electrical Properties . 128 Thermal Properties 128 Mechanical Properties 130 Future Development . 130 Conclusion 131 Influence of Firing Temperature and Atmospheric Conditions on Processing of Direct Bond Copper (DBC) 133 Introduction 133 Process of DBC . 134 Characteristic Features of DBC 136 Effect of Temperature and Atmosphere in Bonding . 136 Firing Operations Using a Belt Furnace 136 Conclusion 139 References . 139 Ultrasonic Belt Cleaning . 141 Introduction 141 Principles Behind Ultrasonic Cleaning Technology . 141 Process of Cavitation: A Microscopic Brush 142 Advantages of Ultrasonic Belt Cleaning 143 Equipment Maintenance and Belt Cleaning Guidelines 143 How Challenging Conventional Wisdom Can Optimize Solder Reflow . 145 A Standard Profle? 145 Avoid Re?ow of Double-Sided PCBs? . 146 What Really Causes “Tombstoning”? 147 Using Nitrogen (Vs. Air) Improves the Process? . 148 Lower Oxygen, Better Results? 148 Processing in N2 Means More Maintenance/Downtime? . 149 References . 150 Common Maintenance and Troubleshooting 151 Introduction 151 Common Maintenance . 151 Daily Maintenance 151 Replacement of Heating Elements 152 Maintenance of the Motor . 154 Transportation 154 Equipment Storing Up . 155 Storage of Motor 155 Contentsxvi Troubleshooting 155 Overheating 155 Heating Up Problem . 156 Heating Elements Broken . 156 Belt Movement Problem 157 Breaker Tripping 158 Black Screen of Industrial Computer Display . 158 Future Development 161 Introduction 161 New Materials Result in Different Thermal Profling 161 Solar Cells . 161 Engine Valves 163 Brazing Process . 163 Technology Innovations and Their In?uence on Thermal Processes 164 Thick Film . 164 Glass-to-Metal Seal Process . 165 DBC Technology 165 Brazing Process . 166 Optimizing the Heating Process 166 Precise Temperature Control . 167 Mass Production 167 Line Speed 167 Cleaning 168 References . 168 Index . 17
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