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| موضوع: كتاب Sociology - Sixteenth Edition الخميس 15 نوفمبر 2018, 10:58 am | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Sociology Sixteenth Edition Global Edition John J. Macionis Kenyon College
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Brief Contents Part I The Foundations of Sociology 1 The Sociological Perspective 29 2 Sociological Investigation 55 Part II The Foundations of Society 3 Culture 86 4 Society 116 5 Socialization 139 6 Social Interaction in Everyday Life 163 7 Groups and Organizations 186 8 Sexuality and Society 210 9 Deviance 238 Part III Social Inequality 10 Social Stratification 269 11 Social Class in the United States 292 12 Global Stratification 13 Gender Stratification 14 Race and Ethnicity 15 Aging and the Elderly Part IV Social Institutions 16 The Economy and Work 17 Politics and Government 18 Families 19 Religion 20 Education 21 Health and Medicine Part V Social Change 22 Population, Urbanization, and Environment 23 Collective Behavior and Social Movements 24 Social Change: Traditional, Modern, and Postmodern Societies Contents Boxes 17 Maps 18 Preface 20 About the Author 26 Part I The Foundations of Sociology 1 The Sociological Perspective 29 The Power of Society to guide our choices in marriage partners 30 The Sociological Perspective 31 1.1: Explain how the sociological perspective differs from common sense. SEEinG thE GEnEral in thE Particular 31 SEEinG thE StranGE in thE Familiar 32 SEEinG SociEty in our EvEryday livES 33 SEEinG SocioloGically: marGinality and criSiS 34 The Importance of a Global Perspective 35 1.2: State several reasons that a global perspective is important in today’s world. Applying the Sociological Perspective 37 1.3: Identify the advantages of sociological thinking for developing public policy, for encouraging personal growth, and for advancing in a career. SocioloGy and Public Policy 37 SocioloGy and PErSonal Growth 38 carEErS: thE “SocioloGy advantaGE” 39 The Origins of Sociology 40 1.4: Link the origins of sociology to historical social changes. Social chanGE and SocioloGy 40 SciEncE and SocioloGy 40 Sociological Theory 41 1.5: Summarize sociology’s major theoretical approaches. thE Structural-Functional aPProach 42 thE Social-conFlict aPProach 43 FEminiSm and GEndEr-conFlict thEory 44 racE-conFlict thEory 44 thE Symbolic-intEraction aPProach 46 Applying the Approaches: The Sociology of Sports 47 1.6: Apply sociology’s major theoretical approaches to the topic of sports. thE FunctionS oF SPortS 47 SPortS and conFlict 47 SPortS aS intEraction 49 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 51 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 52 Making the Grade 53 2 Sociological Investigation 55 The Power of Society to influence our life chances 56 Basics of Sociological Investigation 58 2.1: Explain how scientific evidence often challenges common sense. SciEncE aS onE tyPE oF truth 58 common SEnSE vErSuS SciEntiFic EvidEncE 58 Three Ways to Do Sociology 59 2.2: Describe sociology’s three research orientations. PoSitiviSt SocioloGy 59 intErPrEtivE SocioloGy 64 critical SocioloGy 65 rESEarch oriEntationS and thEory 66 Issues Affecting Sociological Research 66 2.3: Identify the importance of gender and ethics in sociological research. GEndEr 66 rESEarch EthicS 67 rESEarch mEthodS 69 2.4: Explain why a researcher might choose each of sociology’s research methods. tEStinG a hyPothESiS: thE ExPErimEnt 69 aSkinG QuEStionS: SurvEy rESEarch 70 in thE FiEld: ParticiPant obSErvation 74 uSinG availablE data: ExiStinG SourcES 77 rESEarch mEthodS and thEory 80 PuttinG it all toGEthEr: tEn StEPS in SocioloGical invEStiGation 81 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 82 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 83 Making the Grade 84 Part II The Foundations of Society 3 Culture 86 The Power of Society to guide our attitudes on social issues such as abortion 87 What Is Culture? 88 3.1: Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival. culturE and human intElliGEncE 90 culturE, nation, and SociEty 92 how many culturES? 92 The Elements of Culture 92 3.2: Identify common elements of culture. SymbolS 92 lanGuaGE 94 valuES and bEliEFS 958 contents normS 97 idEal and rEal culturE 98 matErial culturE and tEchnoloGy 98 nEw inFormation tEchnoloGy and culturE 99 Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World 99 3.3: Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change. hiGh culturE and PoPular culturE 99 SubculturE 101 multiculturaliSm 101 countErculturE 104 cultural chanGE 104 EthnocEntriSm and cultural rElativiSm 105 a Global culturE? 107 Theories of Culture 108 3.4: Apply sociology’s macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture. Structural-Functional thEory: thE FunctionS oF culturE 108 Social-conFlict thEory: inEQuality and culturE 109 FEminiSt thEory: GEndEr and culturE 109 SociobioloGy: Evolution and culturE 110 Culture and Human Freedom 111 3.5: Critique culture as limiting or expanding human freedom. culturE aS conStraint 111 culturE aS FrEEdom 111 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 112 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 113 Making the Grade 114 4 Society 116 The Power of Society to shape access to the Internet 117 Gerhard Lenski: Society and Technology 118 4.1: Describe how technological development has shaped the history of human societies. huntinG and GathErinG SociEtiES 119 horticultural and PaStoral SociEtiES 120 aGrarian SociEtiES 121 induStrial SociEtiES 122 PoStinduStrial SociEtiES 123 thE limitS oF tEchnoloGy 123 Karl Marx: Society and Conflict 123 4.2: Analyze the importance of class conflict to the historical development of human societies. SociEty and Production 124 conFlict and hiStory 125 caPitaliSm and claSS conFlict 125 caPitaliSm and aliEnation 126 rEvolution 126 Max Weber: The Rationalization of Society 127 4.3: Demonstrate the importance of ideas to the development of human societies. two worldviEwS: tradition and rationality 127 iS caPitaliSm rational? 129 wEbEr’S GrEat thESiS: ProtEStantiSm and caPitaliSm 129 rational Social orGanization 129 Emile Durkheim: Society and Function 131 4.4: Contrast the social bonds typical of traditional and modern societies. StructurE: SociEty bEyond ourSElvES 131 Function: SociEty aS SyStEm 131 PErSonality: SociEty in ourSElvES 131 modErnity and anomiE 132 EvolvinG SociEtiES: thE diviSion oF labor 132 Critical Review: Four Visions of Society 133 4.5: Summarize the contributions of Lenski, Marx, Weber, and Durkheim to our understanding of social change. what holdS SociEtiES toGEthEr? 133 how havE SociEtiES chanGEd? 133 why do SociEtiES chanGE? 133 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 135 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 136 Making the Grade 137 5 Socialization 139 The Power of Society to shape how much television we watch 140 Social Experience: The Key to Our Humanity 141 5.1: Describe how social interaction is the foundation of personality. human dEvEloPmEnt: naturE and nurturE 141 Social iSolation 142 Understanding Socialization 143 5.2: Explain six major theories of socialization. SiGmund FrEud’S ElEmEntS oF PErSonality 143 JEan PiaGEt’S thEory oF coGnitivE dEvEloPmEnt 144 lawrEncE kohlbErG’S thEory oF moral dEvEloPmEnt 145 carol GilliGan’S thEory oF GEndEr and moral dEvEloPmEnt 145 GEorGE hErbErt mEad’S thEory oF thE Social SElF 146 Erik h. ErikSon’S EiGht StaGES oF dEvEloPmEnt 148 Agents of Socialization 148 5.3: Analyze how the family, school, peer groups, and the mass media guide the socialization process. thE Family 148 thE School 150 thE PEEr GrouP 150 thE maSS mEdia 151 Socialization and the Life Course 153 5.4: Discuss how our society organizes human experience into distinctive stages of life. childhood 154 adolEScEncE 155 adulthood 155 old aGE 155 dEath and dyinG 156 thE liFE courSE: PattErnS and variationS 157contents 9 Resocialization: Total Institutions 157 5.5: Characterize the operation of total institutions. Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 159 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 160 Making the Grade 161 6 Social Interaction in Everyday Life 163 The Power of Society to guide the way we do social networking 164 Social Structure: A Guide to Everyday Living 165 6.1: Explain how social structure helps us to make sense of everyday situations. Status 166 6.2: State the importance of status to social organization. StatuS SEt 166 aScribEd and achiEvEd StatuS 166 maStEr StatuS 166 Role 166 6.3: State the importance of role to social organization. rolE SEt 167 rolE conFlict and rolE Strain 168 rolE Exit 168 The Social Construction of Reality 168 6.4: Describe how we socially construct reality. thE thomaS thEorEm 170 EthnomEthodoloGy 170 rEality buildinG: claSS and culturE 171 thE incrEaSinG imPortancE oF Social mEdia 171 Dramaturgical Analysis: The “Presentation of Self” 172 6.5: Apply Goffman’s analysis to several familiar situations. PErFormancES 172 nonvErbal communication 173 GEndEr and PErFormancES 174 idEalization 174 EmbarraSSmEnt and tact 175 Interaction in Everyday Life: Three Applications 176 6.6: Construct a sociological analysis of three aspects of everyday life: emotions, language, and humor. EmotionS: thE Social conStruction oF FEElinG 176 lanGuaGE: thE Social conStruction oF GEndEr 177 rEality Play: thE Social conStruction oF humor 179 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 182 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 183 Making the Grade 184 7 Groups and Organizations 186 The Power of Society to link people into groups 187 Social Groups 188 7.1: Explain the importance of various types of groups to social life. Primary and SEcondary GrouPS 188 GrouP lEadErShiP 190 GrouP conFormity 190 rEFErEncE GrouPS 192 in-GrouPS and out-GrouPS 192 GrouP SizE 193 Social divErSity: racE, claSS, and GEndEr 193 nEtworkS 194 Social mEdia and nEtworkinG 195 Formal Organizations 195 7.2: Describe the operation of large, formal organizations. tyPES oF Formal orGanizationS 196 oriGinS oF Formal orGanizationS 196 charactEriSticS oF burEaucracy 196 orGanizational EnvironmEnt 197 thE inFormal SidE oF burEaucracy 197 ProblEmS oF burEaucracy 198 oliGarchy 199 The Evolution of Formal Organizations 200 7.3: Summarize the changes to formal organizations over the course of the last century. SciEntiFic manaGEmEnt 200 thE FirSt challEnGE: racE and GEndEr 200 thE SEcond challEnGE: thE JaPanESE work orGanization 201 thE third challEnGE: thE chanGinG naturE oF work 201 thE “mcdonaldization” oF SociEty 203 thE FuturE oF orGanizationS: oPPoSinG trEndS 204 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 206 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 207 Making the Grade 208 8 Sexuality and Society 210 The Power of Society to shape our attitudes on social issues involving sexuality 211 Understanding Sexuality 212 8.1: Describe how sexuality is both a biological and a cultural issue. SEx: a bioloGical iSSuE 213 SEx and thE body 214 SEx: a cultural iSSuE 214 thE incESt taboo 215 Sexual Attitudes in the United States 216 8.2: Explain changes in sexual attitudes in the United States. thE SExual rEvolution 217 thE SExual countErrEvolution 218 PrEmarital SEx 219 SEx bEtwEEn adultS 219 Extramarital SEx 219 SEx ovEr thE liFE courSE 220 Sexual Orientation 220 8.3: Analyze factors that shape sexual orientation. what GivES uS a SExual oriEntation? 220 how many Gay PEoPlE arE thErE? 221 thE Gay riGhtS movEmEnt 222 tranSGEndEr 22410 contents Sexual Issues and Controversies 224 8.4: Discuss several current controversies involving sexuality. tEEn PrEGnancy 224 كلمة محذوفةoGraPhy 225 ProStitution 226 SExual violEncE: raPE and datE raPE 227 Theories of Sexuality 227 8.5: Apply sociology’s major theories to the topic of sexuality. Structural-Functional thEory 227 Symbolic-intEraction thEory 229 Social-conFlict and FEminiSt thEoriES 230 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 234 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 235 Making the Grade 236 9 Deviance 238 The Power of Society to affect the odds of being incarcerated for using drugs 239 What Is Deviance? 240 9.1: Explain how sociology addresses limitations of a biological or psychological approach to deviance. Social control 240 thE bioloGical contExt 241 PErSonality FactorS 241 thE Social FoundationS oF dEviancE 242 Structural-Functional Theories: The Functions of Deviance 243 9.2: Apply structural-functional theories to the topic of deviance. durkhEim’S baSic inSiGht 243 mErton’S Strain thEory 244 dEviant SubculturES 245 Symbolic-Interaction Theories: Defining Deviance 246 9.3: Apply symbolic-interaction theories to the topic of deviance. labElinG thEory 246 thE mEdicalization oF dEviancE 247 thE diFFErEncE labElS makE 247 SuthErland’S diFFErEntial aSSociation thEory 248 hirSchi’S control thEory 248 Theories of Class, Race, and Gender: Deviance and Inequality 249 9.4: Apply social-conflict theories to the topic of deviance. dEviancE and PowEr 249 dEviancE and caPitaliSm 249 whitE-collar crimE 250 corPoratE crimE 250 orGanizEd crimE 251 racE-conFlict thEory: hatE crimES 251 FEminiSt thEory: dEviancE and GEndEr 251 Crime 253 9.5: Identify patterns of crime in the United States and around the world. tyPES oF crimE 253 criminal StatiSticS 254 thE StrEEt criminal: a ProFilE 254 crimE in Global PErSPEctivE 257 The U.S. Criminal Justice System 259 9.6: Analyze the operation of the criminal justice system. duE ProcESS 259 PolicE 259 courtS 260 PuniShmEnt 260 thE dEath PEnalty 262 community-baSEd corrEctionS 263 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 265 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 266 Making the Grade 267 Part III Social Inequality 10 Social Stratification 269 The Power of Society to affect life expectancy 270 What Is Social Stratification? 271 10.1: Identify four principles that underlie social stratification. Caste and Class Systems 272 10.2: Apply the concepts of caste, class, and meritocracy to societies around the world. thE caStE SyStEm 272 thE claSS SyStEm 273 caStE and claSS: thE unitEd kinGdom 275 anothEr ExamPlE: JaPan 276 claSSlESS SociEtiES? thE FormEr SoviEt union 277 china: EmErGinG Social claSSES 278 Ideology: Supporting Stratification 279 10.3: Explain how cultural beliefs justify social inequality. Plato and marx on idEoloGy 280 hiStorical PattErnS oF idEoloGy 280 Theories of Social Inequality 281 10.4: Apply sociology’s major theories to the topic of social inequality. Structural-Functional thEory: thE daviS-moorE thESiS 281 Social-conFlict thEoriES: karl marx and max wEbEr 282 Symbolic-intEraction thEory: StratiFication in EvEryday liFE 284 Social StratiFication: FactS and valuES 285 Social Stratification and Technology: A Global Perspective 286 10.5: Analyze the link between a society’s technology and its social stratification. huntinG and GathErinG SociEtiES 286 horticultural, PaStoral, and aGrarian SociEtiES 286 induStrial SociEtiES 286 thE kuznEtS curvE 286contents 11 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 288 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 289 Making the Grade 290 11 Social Class in the United States 292 The Power of Society to shape our changes of living in poverty 293 Dimensions of Social Inequality 294 11.1: Describe the distribution of income and wealth in the United States. incomE 294 wEalth 295 PowEr 295 occuPational PrEStiGE 296 SchoolinG 296 U.S. Stratification: Merit and Caste 296 11.2: Explain how someone’s position at birth affects social standing later in life. ancEStry 297 racE and Ethnicity 297 GEndEr 297 Social Classes in the United States 297 11.3: Describe the various social class positions in U.S. society. thE uPPEr claSS 298 thE middlE claSS 299 thE workinG claSS 299 thE lowEr claSS 300 The Difference Class Makes 300 11.4: Analyze how social class position affects health, values, politics, and family life. hEalth 301 valuES and attitudES 301 PoliticS 301 Family and GEndEr 303 Social Mobility 303 11.5: Assess the extent of social mobility in the United States. rESEarch on mobility 303 mobility by incomE lEvEl 305 mobility: racE, Ethnicity, and GEndEr 306 mobility and marriaGE 306 thE amErican drEam: Still a rEality? 306 thE Global Economy and thE u.S. claSS StructurE 307 Poverty and the Trend Toward Increasing Inequality 307 11.6: Discuss patterns of poverty and increasing economic inequality in the United States. thE ExtEnt oF PovErty 308 who arE thE Poor? 308 ExPlaininG PovErty 309 thE workinG Poor 310 homElESSnESS 312 thE trEnd toward incrEaSinG inEQuality 314 arE thE vEry rich worth thE monEy? 314 can thE rESt oF uS GEt ahEad? 315 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 316 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 317 Making the Grade 318 12 Global Stratification 320 The Power of Society to determine a child’s chance of survival to age five 321 Global Stratification: An Overview 323 12.1: Describe the division of the world into high-, middle-, and low-income countries. a word about tErminoloGy 323 hiGh-incomE countriES 324 middlE-incomE countriES 326 low-incomE countriES 327 Global Wealth and Poverty 327 12.2: Discuss patterns and explanations of poverty around the world. thE SEvErity oF PovErty 328 thE ExtEnt oF PovErty 329 PovErty and childrEn 330 PovErty and womEn 331 SlavEry 331 ExPlanationS oF Global PovErty 333 Theories of Global Stratification 333 12.3: Apply sociological theories to the topic of global inequality. modErnization thEory 334 dEPEndEncy thEory 336 thE FuturE oF Global StratiFication 339 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 341 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 342 Making the Grade 343 13 Gender Stratification 345 The Power of Society to guide our life choices 346 Gender and Inequality 347 13.1: Describe the ways in which society creates gender stratification. malE-FEmalE diFFErEncES 347 GEndEr in Global PErSPEctivE 348 Patriarchy and SExiSm 349 Gender and Socialization 351 13.2: Explain the importance of gender to socialization. GEndEr and thE Family 351 GEndEr and thE PEEr GrouP 352 GEndEr and SchoolinG 352 GEndEr and thE maSS mEdia 352 Gender and Social Stratification 353 13.3: Analyze the extent of gender inequality in various social institutions. workinG womEn and mEn 354 GEndEr and unEmPloymEnt 355 GEndEr, incomE, and wEalth 355 houSEwork: womEn’S “SEcond ShiFt” 356 GEndEr and Education 356 GEndEr and PoliticS 35712 contents GEndEr and thE military 358 arE womEn a minority? 359 violEncE aGainSt womEn 359 violEncE aGainSt mEn 359 SExual haraSSmEnt 360 كلمة محذوفةoGraPhy 362 Theories of Gender 362 13.4: Apply sociology’s major theories to gender stratification. Structural-Functional thEory 362 Symbolic-intEraction thEory 363 Social-conFlict thEory 364 intErSEction thEory 365 Feminism 366 13.5: Contrast liberal, radical, and socialist feminism. baSic FEminiSt idEaS 366 tyPES oF FEminiSm 367 Public SuPPort For FEminiSm 368 GEndEr: lookinG ahEad 369 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 370 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 371 Making the Grade 372 14 Race and Ethnicity 374 The Power of Society to shape political attitudes 375 The Social Meaning of Race and Ethnicity 376 14.1: Explain the social construction of race and ethnicity. racE 376 Ethnicity 378 minoritiES 379 Prejudice and Stereotypes 380 14.2: Describe the extent and causes of prejudice. mEaSurinG PrEJudicE: thE Social diStancE ScalE 382 raciSm 383 thEoriES oF PrEJudicE 383 Discrimination 384 14.3: Distinguish discrimination from prejudice. inStitutional PrEJudicE and diScrimination 385 PrEJudicE and diScrimination: thE viciouS circlE 385 Majority and Minority: Patterns of Interaction 385 14.4: Identify examples of pluralism, assimilation, segregation, and genocide. PluraliSm 385 aSSimilation 386 SEGrEGation 386 GEnocidE 387 Race and Ethnicity in the United States 387 14.5: Assess the social standing of racial and ethnic categories of U.S. society. nativE amEricanS 388 whitE anGlo-Saxon ProtEStantS 390 aFrican amEricanS 390 aSian amEricanS 392 hiSPanic amEricanS/latinoS 396 arab amEricanS 397 whitE Ethnic amEricanS 398 racE and Ethnicity: lookinG ahEad 399 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 401 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 402 Making the Grade 403 15 Aging and the Elderly 405 The Power of Society to shape caregiving for older people 406 The Graying of the United States 407 15.1: Explain the increasing share of elderly people in modern societies. birth ratE: GoinG down 408 liFE ExPEctancy: GoinG uP 408 an aGinG SociEty: cultural chanGE 409 thE “younG old” and thE “old old” 410 Growing Old: Biology and Culture 410 15.2: Describe age stratification in global context. bioloGical chanGES 410 PSycholoGical chanGES 410 aGinG and culturE 411 aGE StratiFication: a Global SurvEy 411 Transitions and Challenges of Aging 413 15.3: Discuss problems related to aging. FindinG mEaninG 413 Social iSolation 414 rEtirEmEnt 414 aGinG and PovErty 415 carEGivinG 417 aGEiSm 417 thE EldErly: a minority? 418 Theories of Aging 418 15.4: Apply sociology’s major theories to the topic of aging. Structural-Functional thEory: aGinG and diSEnGaGEmEnt 418 Symbolic-intEraction thEory: aGinG and activity 419 Social-conFlict and FEminiSt thEoriES: aGinG and inEQuality 419 Death and Dying 420 15.5: Analyze changing attitudes about the end of life. hiStorical PattErnS oF dEath 421 thE modErn SEParation oF liFE and dEath 421 Ethical iSSuES: conFrontinG dEath 421 bErEavEmEnt 422 aGinG: lookinG ahEad 424 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 426 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 427 Making the Grade 428contents 13 Part IV Social Institutions 16 The Economy and Work 430 The Power of Society to shape our choices in jobs 431 The Economy: Historical Overview 432 16.1: Summarize historical changes to the economy. thE aGricultural rEvolution 433 thE induStrial rEvolution 433 thE inFormation rEvolution and PoStinduStrial SociEty 433 SEctorS oF thE Economy 434 thE Global Economy 434 Economic SyStEmS: PathS to JuSticE 436 16.2: Assess the operation of capitalist and socialist economies. caPitaliSm 436 SocialiSm 437 wElFarE caPitaliSm and StatE caPitaliSm 438 rElativE advantaGES oF caPitaliSm and SocialiSm 438 chanGES in SocialiSt and caPitaliSt countriES 439 Work in the Postindustrial U.S. Economy 440 16.3: Analyze patterns of employment and unemployment in the United States. thE dEclinE oF aGricultural work 440 From Factory work to SErvicE work 440 thE dual labor markEt 440 labor unionS 440 ProFESSionS 442 SElF-EmPloymEnt 443 unEmPloymEnt and undErEmPloymEnt 444 thE “JoblESS rEcovEry” 445 thE undErGround Economy 445 workPlacE divErSity: racE and GEndEr 446 nEw inFormation tEchnoloGy and work 447 Corporations 447 16.4: Discuss the importance of corporations to the U.S. economy. Economic concEntration 448 conGlomEratES and corPoratE linkaGES 448 corPorationS: arE thEy comPEtitivE? 448 corPorationS and thE Global Economy 448 thE Economy: lookinG ahEad 449 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 450 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 451 Making the Grade 452 17 Politics and Government 454 The Power of Society to shape voting patterns 455 Power and Authority 456 17.1: Distinguish traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic authority. traditional authority 457 rational-lEGal authority 457 chariSmatic authority 457 Politics in Global Perspective 458 17.2: Compare monarchy and democracy as well as authoritarian and totalitarian political systems. monarchy 458 dEmocracy 458 authoritarianiSm 460 totalitarianiSm 461 a Global Political SyStEm? 462 Politics in the United States 462 17.3: Analyze economic and social issues using the political spectrum. u.S. culturE and thE riSE oF thE wElFarE StatE 462 thE Political SPEctrum 462 SPEcial-intErESt GrouPS and camPaiGn SPEndinG 464 votEr aPathy 465 Should convictEd criminalS votE? 467 Theories of Power in Society 467 17.4: Apply the pluralist, power-elite, and Marxist models to the U.S. political system. thE PluraliSt modEl: thE PEoPlE rulE 467 thE PowEr-ElitE modEl: a FEw PEoPlE rulE 468 thE marxiSt modEl: thE SyStEm iS biaSEd 468 Power beyond the Rules 469 17.5: Describe causes of both revolution and terrorism. rEvolution 469 tErroriSm 470 War and Peace 471 17.6: Identify factors encouraging war or peace. thE cauSES oF war 472 Social claSS, GEndEr, and thE military 472 iS tErroriSm a nEw kind oF war? 474 thE coStS and cauSES oF militariSm 474 nuclEar wEaPonS 475 maSS mEdia and war 475 PurSuinG PEacE 475 PoliticS: lookinG ahEad 476 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 478 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 479 Making the Grade 480 18 Families 482 The Power of Society to affect the odds that a marriage will end in divorce 483 Families: Basic Concepts and Global Variations 484 18.1: Describe families and how they differ around the world. marriaGE PattErnS 485 rESidEntial PattErnS 487 PattErnS oF dEScEnt 488 PattErnS oF authority 488 Theories of the Family 488 18.2: Apply sociology’s major theories to family life. Structural-Functional thEory: FunctionS oF thE Family 48814 contents Social-conFlict and FEminiSt thEoriES: inEQuality and thE Family 489 micro-lEvEl thEoriES: conStructinG Family liFE 490 Stages of Family Life 490 18.3: Analyze changes in the family over the life course. courtShiP 491 SEttlinG in: idEal and rEal marriaGE 491 child rEarinG 491 thE Family in latEr liFE 492 U.S. Families: Class, Race, and Gender 493 18.4: Explain how class, race, and gender shape family life. Social claSS 493 Ethnicity and racE 494 GEndEr 495 Transitions and Problems in Family Life 497 18.5: Analyze the effects of divorce, remarriage, and violence on family life. divorcE 497 rEmarriaGE and blEndEd FamiliES 499 Family violEncE 500 Alternative Family Forms 500 18.6: Describe the diversity of family life in the United States. onE-ParEnt FamiliES 500 cohabitation 501 Gay and lESbian couPlES 501 SinGlEhood 502 ExtEndEd Family houSEholdS 502 nEw rEProductivE tEchnoloGiES and FamiliES 503 FamiliES: lookinG ahEad 503 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 505 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 506 Making the Grade 507 19 Religion 509 The Power of Society to shape our values and beliefs 510 Religion: Concepts and Theories 511 19.1: Apply sociology’s major theories to religion. rEliGion and SocioloGy 512 Structural-Functional thEory: FunctionS oF rEliGion 512 Symbolic-intEraction thEory: conStructinG thE SacrEd 513 Social-conFlict thEory: inEQuality and rEliGion 513 FEminiSt thEory: GEndEr and rEliGion 513 Religion and Social Change 515 19.2: Discuss the links between religion and social change. max wEbEr: ProtEStantiSm and caPitaliSm 515 libEration thEoloGy 515 Types of Religious Organizations 515 19.3: Distinguish among church, sect, and cult. church 515 SEct 516 cult 517 Religion in History and Around the World 517 19.4: Contrast religious patterns around the world. rEliGion in PrEinduStrial SociEtiES 517 rEliGion in induStrial SociEtiES 518 world rEliGionS 518 chriStianity 518 iSlam 519 JudaiSm 520 hinduiSm 522 buddhiSm 523 conFucianiSm 524 rEliGion: EaSt and wESt 524 Religious Trends in the United States 524 19.5: Analyze patterns of religiosity in the United States. rEliGiouS aFFiliation 525 rEliGioSity 526 rEliGiouS divErSity: claSS, Ethnicity, and racE 527 SEcularization 528 civil rEliGion 529 “nEw aGE” SEEkErS: SPirituality without Formal rEliGion 529 rEliGiouS rEvival: “Good old-timE rEliGion” 530 rEliGion: lookinG ahEad 532 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 533 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 534 Making the Grade 535 20 Education 537 The Power of Society to open the door to college 538 Education: A Global Survey 539 20.1: Compare schooling in high-, middle-, and low-income societies. SchoolinG and Economic dEvEloPmEnt 539 SchoolinG in india 540 SchoolinG in JaPan 540 SchoolinG in GrEat britain 541 SchoolinG in thE unitEd StatES 542 The Functions of Schooling 542 20.2: Apply structural-functional theory to schooling. Socialization 543 cultural innovation 543 Social intEGration 543 Social PlacEmEnt 543 latEnt FunctionS oF SchoolinG 543 Schooling and Social Interaction 543 20.3: Apply social-interaction theory to schooling. thE SElF-FulFillinG ProPhEcy 543 Schooling and Social Inequality 544 20.4: Apply social-conflict theory to schooling. Social control 545 StandardizEd tEStinG 545 School trackinG 545 inEQuality amonG SchoolS 545 accESS to hiGhEr Education 548 GrEatEr oPPortunity: ExPandinG hiGhEr Education 549contents 15 community collEGES 549 PrivilEGE and PErSonal mErit 550 Problems in the Schools 550 20.5: Discuss dropping out, violence, and other problems facing today’s schools. diSciPlinE and violEncE 550 StudEnt PaSSivity 551 droPPinG out 551 acadEmic StandardS 552 GradE inFlation 553 Current Issues in U.S. Education 553 20.6: Summarize the debate over the performance of U.S. schools. School choicE 553 homE SchoolinG 554 SchoolinG PEoPlE with diSabilitiES 555 adult Education 555 thE tEachEr ShortaGE 555 SchoolinG: lookinG ahEad 556 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 558 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 559 Making the Grade 560 21 Health and Medicine 562 The Power of Society to shape patterns of health 563 What Is Health? 564 21.1: Explain how patterns of health are shaped by society. hEalth and SociEty 564 Health: A Global Survey 565 21.2: Contrast patterns of health in lowand high-income countries. hEalth in low-incomE countriES 565 hEalth in hiGh-incomE countriES 565 Health in the United States 566 21.3: Analyze how race, class, gender, and age are linked to health. who iS hEalthy? aGE, GEndEr, claSS, and racE 566 ciGarEttE SmokinG 567 EatinG diSordErS 569 obESity 569 SExually tranSmittEd diSEaSES 571 Ethical iSSuES SurroundinG dEath 573 The Medical Establishment 574 21.4: Compare the medical systems in nations around the world. thE riSE oF SciEntiFic mEdicinE 574 holiStic mEdicinE 575 PayinG For mEdical carE: a Global SurvEy 576 PayinG For mEdical carE: thE unitEd StatES 577 thE nurSinG ShortaGE 578 Theories of Health and Medicine 579 21.5: Apply sociology’s major theories to health and medicine. Structural-Functional thEory: rolE analySiS 579 Symbolic-intEraction thEory: thE mEaninG oF hEalth 580 Social-conFlict and FEminiSt thEoriES: inEQuality and hEalth 581 hEalth and mEdicinE: lookinG ahEad 582 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 584 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 585 Making the Grade 586 Part V Social Change 22 Population, Urbanization, and Environment 588 The Power of Society to shape our view of global warming 589 Demography: The Study of Population 590 22.1: Explain the concepts of fertility, mortality, and migration, and how they affect population size. FErtility 590 mortality 591 miGration 592 PoPulation Growth 593 PoPulation comPoSition 594 History and Theory of Population Growth 594 22.2: Analyze population trends using Malthusian theory and demographic transition theory. malthuSian thEory 595 dEmoGraPhic tranSition thEory 595 Global PoPulation today: a briEF SurvEy 596 Urbanization: The Growth of Cities 597 22.3: Summarize patterns of urbanization in the United States and around the world. thE Evolution oF citiES 598 thE Growth oF u.S. citiES 598 SuburbS and urban dEclinE 599 PoStinduStrial SunbElt citiES 599 mEGaloPoliS: thE rEGional city 600 EdGE citiES 600 chanGES to rural arEaS 601 Urbanism as a Way of Life 601 22.4: Identify the contributions of T?nnies, Durkheim, Simmel, Park, Wirth, and Marx to our understanding of urban life. FErdinand t?nniES: GEMEinSchafT and GESELLSchafT 602 EmilE durkhEim: mEchanical and orGanic Solidarity 602 GEorG SimmEl: thE blaSé urbanitE 602 thE chicaGo School: robErt Park and louiS wirth 603 urban EcoloGy 603 urban Political Economy 604 Urbanization in Poor Nations 605 22.5: Describe the third urban revolution now under way in poor societies.Environment and Society 606 22.6: Analyze current environmental problems such as pollution and global warming. thE Global dimEnSion 606 tEchnoloGy and thE EnvironmEntal dEFicit 607 culturE: Growth and limitS 607 Solid waStE: thE diSPoSablE SociEty 608 watEr and air 610 thE rain ForEStS 611 Global climatE chanGE 612 dEclininG biodivErSity 612 EnvironmEntal raciSm 613 toward a SuStainablE SociEty and world 614 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 616 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 617 Making the Grade 618 23 Collective Behavior and Social Movements 620 The Power of Society to encourage or discourage participation in social movements 621 Studying Collective Behavior 622 23.1: Distinguish various types of collective behavior. Localized Collectivities: Crowds 623 23.2: Identify five types of crowds and three explanations of crowd behavior. mobS and riotS 624 crowdS, mobS, and Social chanGE 625 thEoriES oF crowd bEhavior 625 Dispersed Collectivities: Mass Behavior 626 23.3: Describe rumor, disasters, and other types of mass behavior. rumor and GoSSiP 626 Public oPinion and ProPaGanda 627 FaShionS and FadS 628 Panic and maSS hyStEria 628 diSaStErS 629 Social Movements 631 23.4: Analyze the causes and consequences of social movements. tyPES oF Social movEmEntS 631 claimS makinG 632 ExPlaininG Social movEmEntS 632 GEndEr and Social movEmEntS 639 StaGES in Social movEmEntS 639 Social movEmEntS and Social chanGE 640 Social movEmEntS: lookinG ahEad 640 Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 642 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 643 Making the Grade 644 24 Social Change: Traditional, Modern, and Postmodern Societies 646 The Power of Society to shape our view of science 647 What Is Social Change? 648 24.1: State four defining characteristics of social change. Causes of Social Change 649 24.2: Explain how culture, conflict, ideas, and population patterns direct social change. culturE and chanGE 649 conFlict and chanGE 650 idEaS and chanGE 650 dEmoGraPhic chanGE 650 Visions of Modernity 651 24.3: Apply the ideas of T?nnies, Durkheim, Weber, and Marx to our understanding of modernity. Four dimEnSionS oF modErnization 651 FErdinand t?nniES: thE loSS oF community 652 EmilE durkhEim: thE diviSion oF labor 654 max wEbEr: rationalization 655 karl marx: caPitaliSm 656 Theories of Modernity 656 24.4: Contrast analysis of modernity as mass society and as class society. Structural-Functional thEory: modErnity aS maSS SociEty 656 Social-conFlict thEory: modErnity aS claSS SociEty 658 modErnity and thE individual 659 modErnity and ProGrESS 661 modErnity: Global variation 663 Postmodernity 663 24.5: Discuss postmodernism as one type of social criticism. Modernization and Our Global Future 664 24.6: Evaluate possible directions of future social change. Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life 665 Seeing Sociology in your Everyday Life 666 Making the Grade 667 Glossary 669 References 675 Credits 705 Author Index 711 Subject Index 717 Society in History: A Timeline
كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net The Unzip Password : books-world.net أتمنى أن تستفيدوا من محتوى الموضوع وأن ينال إعجابكم رابط من موقع عالم الكتب لتنزيل كتاب Sociology - Sixteenth Edition رابط مباشر لتنزيل كتاب Sociology - Sixteenth Edition
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