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عدد المساهمات : 19002 التقييم : 35506 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Hydraulic Control of Machine Tools الخميس 19 أبريل 2018, 11:43 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Hydraulic Control of Machine Tools by E. M. KHAIMOVICH Translated by O . TEDDER Translation edited by K . FOSTER LECTURER IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Index Acceleration of mechanisms 61, 62 of valves 237 Accumulators, hydraulic 283, 456 discharge from 612 losses in 613 Accuracy of control systems 318 Ageing materials 197 pipes 313 Air removal 114 Amplification factor 318, 396 velocity 389, 382 Aperiodic motion 405 Automatic checking 445 control 317 Auxiliary valves 206 Backlash 479 Back pressure valves 215 load controlled 280 Balancing gear pumps 118 pistons 64 piston and vane pumps 124, 177 valves 64, 198 Ball valves, celculation of 603 natural frequency 607 Boring machine 474 Brake, hydraulic 483 Braking mechanism 70, 266 grinding machine 609 oil pressure required 512 resistor type 472 time, calculation 610 Buffers, hydraulic 70, 112 By-pass flow 286 Cavitation, pumps 164 Chatter, valves 203 Chucking devices 447, 460, 467, 469 Cleaning of oil 296 Clearance, valves and pistons 44, 426 oil losses 31, 36, 412 Closed oil circuits 81 Closed-loop control 317 Clutch, hydraulic 486, 496 Compressibility of fluids 10, 409, 415 Control devices 197 specifications 646 panels 309 systems, accuracy of 318 valves, specifications 654 Cooling of systems 77 Copying systems 83 accuracy 366, 433 analysis 365 calculation 396, 518 characteristic curves 369 classification 318 damping 327, 413, 420 design 616 dynamics 372 electro-hydraulic 363 experimental curves 423 hydraulic circuits 83, 133, 183, 320 325, 353, 357, 360 multiple lathe 87 oscillations 364, 401 power requirements 614 sequence of operations 442 single-dimensional 326 ?67568 INDEX speed of response 366 stability of 367,401 two dimensional 352 Coriolis acceleration 176 Corrective control 361 Counterbalance valves 87, 485 Cutter heads 459 Cycle time, calculation 511 Cylinders, hydraulic area calculation 515 calculations 102, 401 design 110 detail drawings 556 dynamics 374 efficiency 102, 108 friction forces 374 leakage of oil 44,412 power output 103 specifications 555 vertical 87 D'Alembert*s equation 397 Damping copying systems 327 critical 405 orifice, discharge through 507 relief valves 211 relative 405 shock waves 58 systems 344, 413, 420 tracer valves 428, 477 valves 203, 206 Dead zone of motions 389 Deceleration of mechanisms 69, 237, 261 Density of fluids 10 Derivative control, systems 361 Design parameters, systems 396 Differential equations, systems 372 pressure valves 221, 226 Direction control valves 238 classification 257 comparison 260 details of 240, 248 hydraulic circuits 245, 262 specifications 550 time lag calculation 510 Distribution of fluid 197 Drilling head pneumo-hydraulic 498 Drives, hydraulic 435 Dynamic characteristics of systems 414 Eccentric pumps 153 Efficiency of cylinders 102, 108 machines 79 pumps, comparison of 192 pumps and motors 156, 188, 190, 530 Elasticity coefficient, systems 389 Electrical analogy, systems 45 Electro-hydraulic copying system 363 Electro-hydraulic-mechanical systems 93 Electromagnetic pump control 134 switches 215 Energy absorption, motions 73 Equivalent length of pipes 22, 50 Feed control units hydraulic circuits 342, 345, 346, 349, 363, 366 remote controlled 461 rate automatic variation 341, 456 calculation of 347 irregularities 432 variable 84 Feedback system 318 Fillers description 297 head losses 35 Filling valves, tanks 219 Flexible tubing 313 Flow pressure jet 51 in parallel 47 in series 46 Fluids compressibility 10, 409, 415 density 10 kinematic viscosity 12INDEX 569 specific heat 78 viscosity 14, 37 Follow up systems (see Copying systems) Friction characteristics 395 dry 422 dynamic 508 sliding 40 static 419 Frictional forces calculation of 524 pistons 374 piston valves 505 seals 307 slideways 106, 391, 508 Gear change, hydraulic 486 motors 114 pumps 114 calculation 157 efficiency 189, 192 helical 160 pressure balance 118 pressure irregularities 161 specifications 530, 532 tooth profile 160 Grinding machines 479 cycle calculation 508 typical specification 508 Hammer, hydraulic 54, 61, 156 Head losses 19 filters 35 orifices 26 pipes 19, 50, 525 valves 31 Heat generation 76 transfer 78 Honing machine 483 Hurwitz stability criterion 375 Hydraulic fluids characteristics 6 compressibility 10, 415 density 10 kinematic viscosity 12 specifications 8 specific weight 11 viscosity 372 systems, analysis 372 Hydro-mechanical systems 90 Intensifiers, hydraulic 234 Jot flow pressure 51 Kinematic viscocity 12 Korobochkin calculation method 385 Laminar flow 18, 45, 64 Lathe automatic 435 copy turning 328, 339, 346 hydraulic circuits 87, 329, 331, 346, 436, 438, 449, 454 multiple spindle 87, 453 semi-automatic 436, 477 Leakage 36 clearance, annular 31, 36 cylinders 412 eccentric clearance 37 motors 144, 418 pistons and valves 44 pumps 144 replenishing of 237 sealing of 302 speed control valves 280 stabilization by 415 temperature effect 44 valves 44, 280 Linearization of systems 372, 390, 407 Load control 280 Loading device 451 Metering pumps 148 delivery of 171 output controlled 182?70 INDEX Hilling machines back milling 107, 226 calculation of 518 copy milling 326, 336, 341, 349 cutting force calculation 226 hydraulic circuits 97, 226, 230 326, 327, 336, 341 349, 353, 357, 518 Misalignment of copying systems 399 calculation 401 experimental results 423 of valves 517 Motors, hydraulic {see also Pumps, hydraulic) axial piston 190,541 constant delivery 80 design 153 eccentric piston 541 efficiency 156, 188, 530 leakage 68, 144, 418 multiple 84 oil consumption 418 performance 186 piston type 100, 131, 190, 541 power output 68, 172, 186, 514 regulation 198 rotary piston 131 specifications 530 speed of response 194 swashplate 190, 541 torque 68, 172, 186, 418 vane 123, 189 variable delivery 80 Natural frequency ball valves 507 shaping machine 488 systems 405, 413, 420 alterations of 529 Non-isothermal flow 20 Non-linearity, systems 399 Non-return valves 215 adjustable 218 specifications 543, 554 Oil delivery, calculation of 509 flow balance 375 Open-loop control 317 Open oil circuits 81 Orifice calcalation of area 516 discharge through 28, 507 head loss 26, 516, 526 Oscillations copying systems 401, 405 experimental results 425 Packing materials 498 Parallel operation of mechanisms 85 Pilot valves 198, 248 Pipes flexible 313 head losses 19, 50, 525 joints 312 telescopic 313 wall thickness 315 Piston(s) 100 {see also Cylinders) motors 100 {see also Piston pumps) efficiency 190 swashplate, specifications 541 pumps 98 axial piston, efficiency 192 balancing 177 delivery 167 eccentric piston 153, 541 efficiency 190 kinematics 162, 165 radial piston 321, 530, 538 rotary piston 131 swashplate 129, 138, 165 sealing 498 Planing machine 101 Pneumatic systems 88 Pneumo -hydraulic drilling head 498 systems 89 Poppet valves 210 Ports pumps, dimensions of 502 valves, calculation of 516 Position control devices 93, 317, 472INDEX 671 Power head, pneumo-hydraulio 496 output, pumps and motors 68, 172, 186, 514 Pressure control valves 199 hydraulic circuits 202, 203, 206 specifications 642 reducing valves 230 hydraulic circuit 232 membrane type 498 pneumatic 234 specifications 646 Programme control 96, 286, 495 pulsation of pressure 171,215 gear pumps 161 piston and vane pumps 167 Pump-motor units 183 Pimips, hydraulic 98 axial piston 129, 138, 166, 190, 641 constant delivery 80 control valves 226 design 163 delivery 167 eccentric piston 163, 641 efficiency 156, 188, 190, 630 gear 114, 167, 189,630 kinematics 162, 166 leakage 144 metering 148, 171, 182 multiple 84 multiple delivery 149 output calculation 401 parallel-series operation 226 performance 186 piston type 98, 162, 167 port dimensions 602 power output 172,186 pulsating delivery 161, 167, 171, 215 radial piston 321, 630, 638 regulation 198 rotary piston 131 screw type 118, 170, 630 selection 609 specifications 630 torque 172, 186 vane type 120, 124, 128, 162 variable delivery 80, 285 Regulation of mechanisms 197 pumps and motors 178 Relief valves 199, 603 calculation and design 211 flow velocities 199, 202, 213 high pressure 204 non-imiformity caused by 604 piston type 200,210 specifications 644 Remote control 288 feed rate 461 hydraulic circuit 290 Resistors, hydraulic 46 braking 472 calculation 616 specifications 647 Response of systems 389 to load variation 412 Reversal of motion 238 accuracy of 612 Reynolds number, pipes 17, 625 Rotation of valves 43 Safety valves 199, 210 calculation 603 flow velocities 199, 604 specifications 544, 547 speed of response 607 spring design 504 Screw pumps 118 delivery 170 specifications 530 Seals 302 friction 307 pistons 498 Selector valves 48 Sequence control 442 valves 222 Series operation of mechanisms 86 Servo devices 197 Settling tanks 296 Shaping machine 487, 489 automatic feed 493 copy shaping 352 speed control 492572 INDEX Shock wave propagation 57 damping 58 Silencers, pneumatic 500 Solenoid Valves 198, 246 limitations of 461 specifications 545, 551, 554 Specific heat of fluids 78 weight of fluids 11 Speed control 275, 286, 287 calculation of 282 valves 267 graphical calculation 59, 62 motors 194 of response, copying systems 366 Springs, hydraulic 316 Stability, systems 281, 393, 398 calculation of 517 coefficient 401 copying systems 367, 401 criteria 378, 390, 396 equation 415 improvement of 379 speed control systems 281 Stabilization 399 by leakage 415 by throttling 422, 432 Static characteristic of systems 389, 394 Steady state motion, equations 412 Stiffness, hydraulic 425, 429 calculation 524 shaping machine 488 Switches pressure cut-off 215, 448 specifications 549 Synchronization of motions 323 Tank volume 78 Test pressures 314 Testing of systems 423 valves 207 Thermal expansion 43 valves, pistons 39 Thermodynamic calculation 76 Throttle valves 209, 267 specifications 547 Throttling, stabilization by 422, 432 Time constant 405, 414 lag 59 due to compression 514 reversing valve 510 relay valves 485 Timing relays 292 Torque, pumps and motors 68, 172, 186, 418 Tracer valves 363 characteristic equation 404 damping 477 Tracing systems {see Copying systems) Transfer device 468, 470 Transient processes 67, 194, 401 Turbulent flow 18,47, 64 Unloading valves 223, 482 hydraulic circuits 224, 225 Valves accelerating 237 auxiliary 206 axial force calculation 501 back pressure 215, 280 balancing of forces 54, 198 ball type 503, 507 calculations, four edged 518 characteristics 208 chatter 203 classification 197 clearance, error due to 425 control 554 coimterbalance type 87, 485 damping of 203, 206, 211, 428, 477 decelerating 237, 261 differential pressure 221, 226 direction control 238, 248, 257, 510, 550 discharge equations 374 filling type 219 four edged 408, 518 four way, specifications 554 frictional forces 505INDEX 573 head losses 32 ineria forces 53 leakage 32, 36, 44, 280 misalignment 399, 423, 517 non-return 215, 543, 554 oil flow 519 overlap positive 392 negative 394 pilot 198, 248 poppet 210 port calculation 516 pressure control type 199,542 reducing 230, 234, 498 pump control 225 relief 199, 204,210,544 safety 199, 210, 503, 544, 547 selector 48 sequence 222 solenoid 198, 246, 545, 551 speed control 267 temperature effects 519 testing of 207 throttle 209, 267, 547 time relay 485 tracer 363, 404, 477 two-edged 393 unbalance forces 506 unloading 223, 482 vibration of 53 vibration applied to 43, 279, 364, 422 wear 42 Vane actuators 108 motors 123 (see aZ^o Vane pumps) efficiency 189 pumps 120 balance of 124, 128, 177 calculations 501 efficiency 192 incline of blades 501 kinematics of 162 specifications 530, 534 Variable speed drives 150, 184 efficiency 185 Velocity amplification factor 389, 392 Vertical motion: calculation 518 Vibration valve springs 214 valves 53 Viscometers 12 Viscosity fluids 12 mixtures 15 pressure dependence 14, 37 temperature dependence 14 Wear, valves
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