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| موضوع: كتاب Tribology in Sheet Rolling Technology - Akira Azushima الأربعاء 17 يناير 2018, 10:05 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Tribology in Sheet Rolling Technology Akira Azushima
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Contents 1 Fundamentals of Tribology 1 1.1 Friction 1 1.1.1 Friction in History 1 1.1.2 Contact Model Between Surfaces with Surface Roughness 2 1.1.3 Junction Growth of Real Contact Area . 4 1.1.4 Effect of Surface Film . 5 1.1.5 Plowing Term in Friction . 6 1.2 Lubrication . 7 1.2.1 Lubrication in History . 7 1.2.2 Stribeck Curve . 8 1.2.3 Hydrodynamic Lubrication 9 1.2.4 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication . 18 1.2.5 Boundary Lubrication . 19 1.2.6 Mixed Lubrication 23 1.3 Wear 24 1.3.1 Adhesive Wear 25 1.3.2 Abrasive Wear . 25 References . 26 2 Tribology in Metalforming 27 2.1 Characteristics of Tribology in Metalforming . 27 2.1.1 Lubrication Regime . 28 2.1.2 Contact Pressure . 29 2.1.3 Interfacial Temperature 30 2.1.4 Sliding Speed . 31 2.1.5 Introducing and Entrapping Lubricant 32 2.1.6 Virgin Surface . 34 2.2 Micro-contact Between Tool and Workpiece . 34 2.2.1 Hydrostatic Pressure 34 vii2.2.2 Entrapped Lubricant in Upsetting . 37 2.2.3 Roughening of Lubricated Surface by Thick Film . 39 2.2.4 Free Surface Roughening . 42 2.2.5 Asperity Deformation in Upsetting Test and Indentation Test 43 2.2.6 Micro-plastohydrodynamic Lubrication (Micro-PHL) 47 2.2.7 Asperity Deformation in Sheet Metalforming 52 2.2.8 Oil Pocket Behavior on Edge Surface of Cylindrical Billet in Upsetting Process 58 2.3 Lubrication Mechanism and Frictional Stress . 65 2.3.1 Lubrication Mechanism 65 2.3.2 Frictional Stress 66 2.4 Lubrication Mechanism and Surface Appearance of Workpiece 71 2.4.1 Plastohydrodynamic Lubrication 71 2.4.2 Boundary Lubrication . 72 2.4.3 Micro-plastohydrodynamic Lubrication . 75 2.4.4 Mixed Lubrication 75 2.5 Oil Film Thickness at Interface Between Tool and Workpiece . 76 2.5.1 Oil Film Thickness in Steady-State Metalforming Process . 76 2.5.2 Oil Film Thickness in Unsteady-State Metalforming Process . 80 2.6 Interfacial Temperature Between Tool and Workpiece 84 2.6.1 Interfacial Temperature Rise by Friction Energy 84 2.6.2 Interfacial Temperature Rise by Shear Energy in Hydrodynamic Lubrication 88 2.6.3 Comparison of Results Calculated with Results Measured by Experiments in Sheet Drawing . 88 2.7 Seizure 90 2.7.1 Seizure in Machine Element . 90 2.7.2 Seizure in Metalforming 91 2.8 Tribo-simulation in Metalforming . 93 2.8.1 Relationship Between Tribological Conditions and Tribological Results 93 2.8.2 Tribo-simulator 95 2.8.3 Tribo-simulation Tests for New Tribo-simulator in Metalforming 96 References . 98 viii Contents3 Fundamentals of Rolling 99 3.1 Mechanics of Rolling 99 3.2 Rolling Theory . 103 3.2.1 Two-Dimensional Homogenous Deformation Theory for Rolling 103 3.2.2 Two-Dimensional Inhomogenous Deformation Theory for Rolling 106 3.3 Flow Stress for Rolling Theory . 108 3.3.1 Flow Stress in Cold Sheet Rolling 108 3.3.2 Flow Stress in Hot Sheet Rolling . 111 3.4 Coefficient of Friction for Rolling Theory . 115 3.5 Simulation Test for Coefficient of Friction . 117 References . 120 4 Tribology in Cold Sheet Rolling 123 4.1 Coefficient of Friction 123 4.1.1 Coefficient of Friction in History . 123 4.1.2 Dependence of Coefficient of Friction from Rolling Theory 125 4.1.3 Coefficient of Friction Measured by SlidingRolling-Type Tribo-Simulator Developed . 129 4.2 Lubrication Mechanism and Rolling Pressure . 139 4.2.1 Macro-plastohydrodynamic Lubrication 140 4.2.2 Boundary Lubrication . 141 4.2.3 Micro-plastohydrodynamic Lubrication . 141 4.2.4 Mixed Lubrication 142 4.3 Inlet Oil Film Thickness in Cold Sheet Rolling with Neat Oil 144 4.3.1 Calculation of Inlet Oil Film Thickness . 144 4.3.2 Measurement of Inlet Oil Film Thickness . 147 4.3.3 Inlet Oil Film Thickness for Workpiece with Random Surface Roughness . 150 4.4 Surface Appearance of Workpiece in Cold Sheet Rolling with Neat Oil 157 4.4.1 Surface Appearance by Rolling Experiments . 157 4.4.2 Surface Brightness of Low Carbon Steel 162 4.4.3 Estimation System for Surface Brightness of Rolled Sheet 169 4.5 Inlet Oil Film Thickness in Emulsion Oil 177 4.5.1 Emulsion Lubrication in History 177 4.5.2 Emulsion Behavior in EHL Contact . 181 4.5.3 Inlet Oil Film Thickness in Cold Sheet Rolling with Emulsion Oil 184 4.5.4 Discussion of Inlet Oil Film Thickness in O/W Emulsion . 189 4.5.5 New Model for Calculation of Inlet Oil Film Thickness in O/W Emulsion . 191 Contents ix4.6 Surface Appearance of Workpiece in Cold Sheet Rolling with Emulsion Oil 194 4.6.1 Comparison of Surface Appearance in O/W Emulsion Oil with That in Neat Oil . 195 4.6.2 Effect of Tribological Conditions on Surface Appearance with Emulsion Oil . 198 4.6.3 Surface Brightness Irregularity in Cold Sheet Rolling of Stainless Steel with O/W Emulsion 201 4.7 Interfacial Temperature in Cold Sheet Rolling 204 4.7.1 Calculation of Interfacial Temperature in Cold Sheet Rolling 204 4.7.2 Temperature Measurement of Roll Surface by Thermocouple . 205 4.7.3 Temperature Measurement of Interface Between Roll and Sheet by Thermoelectric Method . 208 4.8 Friction Pickup (Heat Streak) 213 4.8.1 Friction Pickup in History 213 4.8.2 Simulation for Friction Pickup . 215 4.8.3 Development of Commercial Oil with High Antiseizure Property 220 4.8.4 Estimation of Antiseizure Property in Cold Sheet Tandem Mill of Stainless Steel . 223 4.9 Cold Rolling Oil 228 4.9.1 Cold Rolling Oil in History . 228 4.9.2 Development of New Rolling Oil with High Lubricity . 232 4.10 Cold Roll . 236 4.10.1 Cold Roll in History 236 4.10.2 Evaluation of Antiseizure Property of Commercial Rolls 238 4.10.3 Development of Roll with High Antiseizure Property . 241 4.10.4 Verification of Relationship Between Limitation Reduction and Carbide Mean Spacing 246 4.10.5 Application of New Developed Roll to Cold Tandem Mill 248 4.10.6 Evaluation of Surface-Treated Rolls . 251 References . 253 5 Tribology in Hot Sheet Rolling . 255 5.1 Tribology in Hot Sheet Rolling in History . 255 5.1.1 Actual Hot Tandem Mill . 255 5.1.2 Laboratory Mill 257 5.2 Coefficient of Friction 261 5.2.1 Coefficient of Friction in History . 261 x Contents5.2.2 Coefficient of Friction Measured by SRV Testing Machine . 265 5.2.3 Coefficient of Friction Measured by Hot SlidingRolling-Type Tribo-Simulator Newly Developed . 268 5.3 Lubrication Mechanism 273 5.4 Friction Model . 276 5.4.1 Emulsion Concentrations of c > 1.0 % . 276 5.4.2 Emulsion Concentrations of c < 1.0 % . 276 5.4.3 Effect of Surface Roughness of Roll on Coefficient of Friction 277 5.4.4 Effect of Roll Speed on Coefficient of Friction . 277 5.4.5 Confirmation of Friction Law 279 5.5 Friction Pickup . 281 5.5.1 Friction Pickup in History 281 5.5.2 Friction Pickup of Carbon Steel with High Strength 285 5.6 Scale on Workpiece Surface . 289 5.6.1 Characteristics of Scale 289 5.6.2 Effect of Scale Thickness on Coefficient of Friction 290 5.6.3 Effect of Chemical Composition of Sheet on Coefficient of Friction . 294 5.6.4 Effect of Si Content of Carbon Steel on Coefficient of Friction . 297 5.7 Scale on Roll Surface 299 5.7.1 Scale on Roll Surface in History 300 5.7.2 Formation Condition of Black Scale Layer 303 5.8 Hot Rolling Lubricant 310 5.8.1 Hot Rolling Lubricant in History . 310 5.8.2 Evaluation of Hot Rolling Oil by Hot Sliding-Rolling Type Tribo-Simulator . 312 5.8.3 Development of Hot Rolling Oil for Stainless Steel 315 5.8.4 Development of Rolling Oil for Hot Rolling with Large Reduction 317 5.9 Hot Roll 322 5.9.1 Hot Roll in History . 322 5.9.2 Development of Hot Roll for Hot Sheet Rolling with High Reduction 326 References . 328 Index
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