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 |  موضوع: كتاب Guidelines for Design Solutions for Process Equipment Failures الأربعاء 25 سبتمبر 2013, 6:38 am | |
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Guidelines for Design Solutions for Process Equipment Failures
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction 1
11 Objectives 1
12 Scope 2
13 Background 2
14 Applicability and Audience 3
15 Organization of This Book 3
16 References 4
Suggested AdditionalReading 4
2 Technique for Selecting the Design Bases for
Process Safety Systems 5
21 Risk-Based Design Decisions 5
22 The Concept of Risk 7
23 Selection of Design Bases for Safety Systems 9
231 Step 1: Identify Failure Scenarios 9
232 Step 2: Estimate the Consequences 9
233 Step 3: Determine Tolerability of
Consequences 11
234 Step 4: Estimate Likelihood and Risk 11
235 Step 5: Determine Tolerability ofRisk 12
236 Step 6: Consider Enhanced and/or
Alternative Designs 12
237 Step 7: Evaluate Enhancements and/or
Alternatives 13
238 Step 8: Determine Tolerability of Risk and
Cost 13
239 Step 9: Document Results 13
24 Guidelines for Risk Tolerability 14
25 Potential Process Safety Systems Design Solutions 20
251 Four Categories of Design Solutions 20
252 Characteristics of Design Solution
Categories 24
26 Applying the Risk-Based Design Bases Selection
Technique 27
261 Locking Open a Valve (a Simple Design
Case) 27
262 Selecting the Relief System Basis for a
Reactor (a Complex Design Case) 30
27 References 34
Suggested AdditionalReading 35
3 Vessels 37
31 Introduction 37
32 Past Incidents 37
321 Storage Tank Autopolymerization Incident 37
322 Storage Tank Stratification Incident 38
323 Batch Pharmaceutical Reactor Accident 39
33 Failure Scenarios and Design Solutions 40
34 Discussion 40
341 Use of Potential Design Solutions Table 40
342 Special Considerations 41
35 References 43
Suggested AdditionalReading 44
Table 3 Failure Scenarios for Vessels 45
4 Reactors 61
41 Introduction 61
42 Past Incidents 61
421 Seveso Runaway Reaction 62
422 3,4-Dichloroaniline Autoclave Incident 62
423 Continuous Sulfonation Reaction Explosion 63
43 Failure Scenarios and Design Solutions 63
44 Discussion 64
441 Use of Potential Design Solutions Table 64
442 General Discussion 64
443 Special Considerations 66
45 References 67
Suggested AdditionalReading 68
Table 4 Failure Scenarios for Reactors 69
5 Mass Transfer Equipment 79
51 Introduction 79
52 Past Incidents 79
521 Distillation Column Critical Concentration 80
522 Ethylene Purifier Vessel Rupture 80
523 Ignition of Pyrophoric Materials in Gasoline
Fractionator 81
53 Failure Scenarios and Design Solutions 82
54 Discussion 82
541 Use of Potential Design Solutions Table 82
542 Special Considerations 82
55 References 83
Suggested AdditionalReading 83
Table 5 Failure Scenarios for Mass Transfer Equipment 84
6 Heat Transfer Equipment 89
61 Introduction 89
62 Past Incidents 89
621 Ethylene Oxide Redistillation Column
Explosion 89
622 Brittle Fracture of a Heat Exchanger 90
623 Cold Box Explosion 91
63 Failure Scenarios and Design Solutions 92
64 Discussion 92
641 Use of Potential Design Solutions Table 92
642 Special Considerations 92
65 References 93
Suggested AdditionalReading 94
Table 6 Failure Scenarios for Heat Transfer Equipment 95
7 Dryers 101
71 Introduction 101
72 Past Incidents 101
721 Drying of Compound Fertilizers 102
722 Fires in CelluloseAcetate Dryer 102
723 Pharmaceutical Powder Dryer Fire and
Explosion 102
73 Failure Scenarios and Design Solutions 103
74 Discussion 103
741 Use of Potential Design Solutions Table 103
742 Special Considerations 103
75 References 104
Suggested AdditionalReading 104
Table 7 Failure Scenarios for Dryers 106
8 Fluid Transfer Equipment 117
81 Introduction 117
82 Past Incidents 117
821 Reciprocating Pump Leak 117
822 Pump Leak Fire 118
823 Compressor Fireand Explosion 118
824 Start-up of Parallel Centrifugal Pumps 119
83 Failure Scenarios and Design Solutions 119
84 Discussion 119
841 Use of Potential Design Solutions Table 119
842 Special Considerations 120
85 References 121
Suggested AdditionalReading 121
Table 8 Failure Scenarios for Fluid Transfer Equipment 122
9 Solid-Fluid Separators 127
91 Introduction 127
92 Past Incidents 127
921 Batch Centrifuge Explosion 128
922 Filter Explosion 128
923 Dust CollectorExplosion 129
93 Failure Scenarios and Design Solutions 129
94 Discussion 130
941 Use of Potential Design Solutions Table 130
942 Special Considerations 130
95 References 131
Suggested AdditionalReading 131
Table 9 Failure Scenarios for Solid-Fluid Separators 132
10 Solids Handling and Processing Equipment 137
101 Introduction 137
102 Past Incidents 138
1021 Silicon Grinder Fireand Explosion 138
1022 Blowing Agent Blender Operation Explosion
Incident 138
1023 Screw ConveyorExplosion 139
1024 Bucket Elevator Explosion 139
103 Failure Scenarios and Design Solutions 139
104 Discussion 140
1041 Use of Potential Design Solutions Table 140
1042 General Discussion 140
1043 Special Considerations 140
105 References 142
Suggested AdditionalReading 143
Table 10 Failure Scenarios for Solids Handling and
Processing Equipment 144
11 Fired Equipment 149
111 Introduction 149
112 Past Incidents 149
1121 Light-off Error 149
1122 Ethylene Cracking Furnace Overfiring 150
1123 Furnace TubeFailure 150
113 Failure Scenarios and Design Solutions 151
114 Discussion 151
1141 Use of Potential Design Solutions Table 151
1142 Special Considerations 151
115 References 152
Suggested AdditionalReading 153
Table 11 Failure Scenarios for Fired Equipment 154
12 Piping and Piping Components 161
121 Introduction 161
122 Past Incidents 161
1221 Flixborough Expansion Joint Failure 161
1222 Chemical Storage Terminal Fire 162
1223 Line Pluggage 163
1224 External Corrosion 163
123 Failure Scenarios and Design Solutions 163
124 Discussion 164
1241 Use of Potential Design Solutions Table 164
1242 Special Considerations 164
125 References 166
Suggested AdditionalReading 166
Table 12 Failure Scenario for Piping and Piping
Components 168
Appendix A Example Problem: Batch Chemical
Reactor 179
A1 System Description 179
A2 General Information Requirements 181
A3 PSS Discussion for Batch Reactors 182
A31 Vessel Design and Primary Containment 182
A32 Control Systems and Safe Automation 183
A33 Pressure and Vacuum Relief 186
A34 Fixed Fire Protection and Passive Mitigation 187
A4 Selection of Design Bases for Safety Systems 187
A5 Ignition of Flammable Atmosphere in the Reactor
Vapor Space Caused by Static Discharge Spark
(Failure ScenarioA) 193
A6 Cooling System Control Failure (Failure Scenario B) 194
A7 External Fire (Failure Scenario C) 196
A8 Loss of Sealing Fluid to Reactor Agitator Mechanical
Seal (Failure Scenario D) 197
A9 Ignition of Flammable Atmosphere in Reactor Vapor
Space Caused by Hot Mechanical Seal (Failure
Scenario E) 199
A10 Documentation 200
References 201
Suggested AdditionalReading 201
Appendix B Example Problem: Distillation System 203
B1 System Description 204
B2 General Information Requirements 204
B3 PSS Discussion for Distillation Operations 206
B31 Vessel Design and Primary Containment 206
B32 Control Systems and Safe Automation 207
B33 Pressure and Vacuum Relief 209
B34 Fixed Fire Protection, Passive Mitigation and
System-Wide Concerns 210
B4 Design Basis Selection Process 210
B5 Uncontrolled Energy Input (Failure ScenarioA) 215
B6 External Fire (Failure Scenario B) 220
B7 Internal Deflagration (Failure ScenarioC) 225
B8 Vacuum Collapse of the Column (Failure
Scenario D)226
B9 Blocked-in Liquids in Heat Transfer Equipment
(Failure ScenarioE) 230
B10 Documentation 230
References 233
Suggested AdditionalReading 234
Glossary 235
Acronyms and Abbreviations 245
Index
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رابط تنزيل كتاب Guidelines for Design Solutions for Process Equipment Failures 
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محمد محمد أحمد
مهندس فعال جدا جدا
عدد المساهمات : 654
التقييم : 694
تاريخ التسجيل : 14/11/2012
العمر : 32
الدولة : EGYPT
العمل : Student
الجامعة : Menoufia
| | موضوع: رد: كتاب Guidelines for Design Solutions for Process Equipment Failures الأربعاء 25 سبتمبر 2013, 4:56 pm | |
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