كتاب Practical Centrifugal Pumps - Design, Operation and Maintenance

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Practical Centrifugal Pumps
Design, Operation and Maintenance
Paresh Girdhar B. Eng (Mech Eng),
Senior Engineer for Girdhar and Associates
Octo Moniz CEng, MBA (Tech Mgmt),
Senior Hospital Engineer based in Perth,
Western Australia specialising in Mechanical Plant and Services
Series editor: Steve Mackay FIE (Aust), CPEng, BSc (ElecEng), BSc (Hons), MBA,
Gov.Cert.Comp., Technical Director – IDC Technologies

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1 Introduction 1
11 Applications 3
12 Pump types 4
13 Reciprocating pumps 4
14 Rotary pumps 6
15 Centrifugal pumps 10
2 Centrifugal pump design and construction 18
21 Impellers 18
22 Pump casings 24
23 Wearing rings 29
24 Shaft 32
25 Stuffing boxes 33
26 Mechanical seals and seal housings 36
27 Bearing housing/bearing isolators 39
28 Couplings 43
3 Pump hydraulics 48
31 Specific gravity 48
32 Viscosity 48
33 Vapor pressure 49
34 Flow 50
35 Head 50
36 System resistance 50
37 Pump efficiency 53
38 Hydraulic power 53
39 Pump characteristic curve 53
310 Curve corrections 56
311 Specific speed 59
312 Cavitation, recirculation, and Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) 62
313 Suction-specific speed 73
314 Performance calculation procedure 74
4 Forces in centrifugal pumps 76
41 Axial thrust 76
42 Radial loads 82
vi Contents
5 Centrifugal pump operation and characteristics 89
51 Behavior of hydraulic properties of pumps 90
52 Non-dimensional characteristics 95
53 The cause of the H–Q curve 96
54 The inlet velocity triangle 97
55 The cause of the P–Q curve 98
56 The effect of speed changes on characteristic curves 99
57 The complete characteristic curve 100
58 Multiple pump operation 102
59 Pump characteristics – viscous liquids, liquids with considerable solids 105
510 Pump characteristics – abnormal operation 106
511 Pump characteristics – speed–torque curves 108
512 Discharge regulation of pumps 111
513 Range of pump operation 117
6 Pump specification and selection 121
61 System analysis 122
62 Data sheet – the pump specification document 128
63 Bid request 129
64 Bid review/analysis 130
65 Conclusion 131
7 Pump testing and inspection 132
71 Material inspection requirements 133
72 Shop tests 135
73 Performance test procedure 137
8 Pump installation and commissioning 144
81 Site location 144
82 Receipts and physical inspection 144
83 Pre-alignment checks 145
84 Location of pump foundation 145
85 Design and dimensions of pump foundation 145
86 Excavation and forms for pump foundation 146
87 Rebar and anchor bolts 147
88 Pouring 148
89 Base plate and sole plate preparation 149
810 Grouting 150
811 Installation of pump and driver 153
812 Associated piping and fittings 153
813 On-site installation and commissioning of the pump set 157
814 Pre-operational checks 158
815 Preparation for start-up 159
816 Pump in operation 159
9 Centrifugal pump maintenance 160
91 Introduction 160
92 Pump breakdown and removal 164
93 Single-stage pump dismantling and repair 165
Contents vii
94 Preparation for reassembly 170
95 Pump assembly 175
96 Vertical pump repair 180
97 Multistage pump repair 186
98 Optimum time to maintain pumps 190
Appendix A: Pump types 195
References 243
Index 246

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