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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Vibration and Shock Handbook Clarence W. de Silva
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Contents SECTION I Fundamentals and Analysis 1 Time-Domain Analysis Clarence W. de Silva 1-1 1.1 Introduction 1-1 1.2 Undamped Oscillator . 1-2 1.3 Heavy Springs . 1-12 1.4 Oscillations in Fluid Systems 1-14 1.5 Damped Simple Oscillator 1-16 1.6 Forced Response . 1-27 2 Frequency-Domain Analysis Clarence W. de Silva 2-1 2.1 Introduction 2-1 2.2 Response to Harmonic Excitations . 2-2 2.3 Transform Techniques 2-14 2.4 Mechanical Impedance Approach . 2-25 2.5 Transmissibility Functions . 2-31 2.6 Receptance Method 2-37 Appendix 2A Transform Techniques 2-40 3 Modal Analysis Clarence W. de Silva 3-1 3.1 Introduction 3-1 3.2 Degrees of Freedom and Independent Coordinates . 3-2 3.3 System Representation . 3-4 3.4 Modal Vibrations . 3-10 3.5 Orthogonality of Natural Modes 3-14 3.6 Static Modes and Rigid-Body Modes . 3-15 3.7 Other Modal Formulations . 3-22 3.8 Forced Vibration 3-28 3.9 Damped Systems 3-32 3.10 State-Space Approach 3-36 Appendix 3A Linear Algebra . 3-41 4 Distributed-Parameter Systems Clarence W. de Silva . 4-1 4.1 Introduction 4-1 4.2 Transverse Vibration of Cables . 4-2 xiii , LLC4.3 Longitudinal Vibrations of Rods 4-13 4.4 Torsional Vibration of Shafts 4-19 4.5 Flexural Vibration of Beams 4-26 4.6 Damped Continuous Systems . 4-50 4.7 Vibration of Membranes and Plates . 4-52 5 Random Vibration Haym Benaroya 5-1 5.1 Random Vibration . 5-1 5.2 Single Degree of Freedom: The Response to Random Loads 5-2 5.3 Response to Two Random Loads 5-7 5.4 Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Vibration 5-12 5.5 Multi-Degree-of-Freedom: The Response to Random Loads 5-17 5.6 Continuous System Random Vibration . 5-29 SECTION II Computer Techniques 6 Numerical Techniques Marie D. Dahleh 6-1 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Single-Degree-of-Freedom System 6-2 6.3 Systems with Two or More Degrees of Freedom . 6-8 6.4 Finite Difference Method for a Continuous System . 6-11 6.5 Matrix Methods 6-14 6.6 Approximation Methods for the Fundamental Frequency . 6-18 6.7 Finite Element Method 6-20 Appendix 6A Introduction to MATLABq . 6-24 7 Vibration Modeling and Software Tools Datong Song, Cheng Huang, and Zhong-Sheng Liu . 7-1 7.1 Introduction 7-1 7.2 Formulation 7-2 7.3 Vibration Analysis 7-9 7.4 Commercial Software Packages . 7-13 7.5 The Basic Procedure of Vibration Analysis 7-16 7.6 An Engineering Case Study . 7-19 7.7 Comments . 7-21 8 Computer Analysis of Flexibly Supported Multibody Systems Ibrahim Esat and M. Dabestani . 8-1 8.1 Introduction 8-1 8.2 Theory . 8-2 8.3 A Numerical Example 8-7 8.4 An Industrial Vibration Design Problem . 8-11 8.5 Programming Considerations . 8-16 8.6 VIBRATIO . 8-17 8.7 Analysis 8-24 8.8 Comments . 8-31 Appendix 8A VIBRATIO Output for Numerical Example in Section 8.3 8-32 xiv Contents , LLC9 Finite Element Applications in Dynamics Mohamed S. Gadala 9-1 9.1 Problem and Element Classification . 9-2 9.2 Types of Analysis 9-20 9.3 Modeling Aspects for Dynamic Analysis 9-23 9.4 Equations of Motion and Solution Methods . 9-27 9.5 Various Dynamic Analyses 9-33 9.6 Checklist for Dynamic FE Analysis 9-41 10 Vibration Signal Analysis Clarence W. de Silva 10-1 10.1 Introduction 10-1 10.2 Frequency Spectrum . 10-2 10.3 Signal Types 10-7 10.4 Fourier Analysis 10-7 10.5 Analysis of Random Signals 10-18 10.6 Other Topics of Signal Analysis 10-26 10.7 Overlapped Processing . 10-28 11 Wavelets — Concepts and Applications Pol D. Spanos, Giuseppe Failla, and Nikolaos P. Politis . 11-1 11.1 Introduction 11-1 11.2 Time–Frequency Analysis . 11-2 11.3 Time-Dependent Spectra Estimation of Stochastic Processes 11-11 11.4 Random Field Simulation . 11-14 11.5 System Identification 11-15 11.6 Damage Detection 11-17 11.7 Material Characterization 11-18 11.8 Concluding Remarks 11-19 SECTION III Shock and Vibration 12 Mechanical Shock Christian Lalanne 12-1 12.1 Definitions 12-2 12.2 Description in the Time Domain . 12-3 12.3 Shock Response Spectrum . 12-4 12.4 Pyroshocks 12-17 12.5 Use of Shock Response Spectra . 12-18 12.6 Standards . 12-24 12.7 Damage Boundary Curve 12-26 12.8 Shock Machines 12-28 12.9 Generation of Shock Using Shakers . 12-44 12.10 Control by a Shock Response Spectrum 12-52 12.11 Pyrotechnic Shock Simulation 12-58 13 Vibration and Shock Problems of Civil Engineering Structures Priyan Mendis and Tuan Ngo 13-1 13.1 Introduction 13-2 13.2 Earthquake-Induced Vibration of Structures 13-3 Contents xv , LLC13.3 Dynamic Effects of Wind Loading on Structures 13-22 13.4 Vibrations Due to Fluid–Structure Interaction 13-33 13.5 Blast Loading and Blast Effects on Structures . 13-34 13.6 Impact Loading 13-47 13.7 Floor Vibration . 13-51 14 Reinforced Concrete Structures Y.L. Mo . 14-1 14.1 Introduction 14-1 14.2 Analytical Models . 14-6 14.3 Beams under Harmonic Excitations . 14-18 14.4 Design for Explosions/Shocks . 14-21 SECTION IV Instrumentation and Testing 15 Vibration Instrumentation Clarence W. de Silva . 15-1 15.1 Introduction 15-1 15.2 Vibration Exciters . 15-3 15.3 Control System . 15-15 15.4 Performance Specification . 15-21 15.5 Motion Sensors and Transducers 15-27 15.6 Torque, Force, and Other Sensors 15-50 Appendix 15A Virtual Instrumentation for Data Acquisition, Analysis, and Presentation . 15-73 16 Signal Conditioning and Modification Clarence W. de Silva 16-1 16.1 Introduction 16-2 16.2 Amplifiers 16-2 16.3 Analog Filters 16-15 16.4 Modulators and Demodulators . 16-29 16.5 Analog–Digital Conversion . 16-37 16.6 Bridge Circuits 16-43 16.7 Linearizing Devices 16-49 16.8 Miscellaneous Signal Modification Circuitry . 16-56 16.9 Signal Analyzers and Display Devices 16-62 17 Vibration Testing Clarence W. de Silva 17-1 17.1 Introduction 17-1 17.2 Representation of a Vibration Environment 17-3 17.3 Pretest Procedures 17-24 17.4 Testing Procedures 17-37 17.5 Some Practical Information 17-52 18 Experimental Model Analysis Clarence W. de Silva 18-1 18.1 Introduction 18-1 18.2 Frequency-Domain Formulation 18-2 18.3 Experimental Model Development . 18-8 18.4 Curve Fitting of Transfer Functions . 18-10 xvi Contents , LLC18.5 Laboratory Experiments 18-18 18.6 Commercial EMA Systems 18-24 SECTION V Vibration Suppression and Control 19 Vibration Damping Clarence W. de Silva . 19-1 19.1 Introduction 19-1 19.2 Types of Damping 19-2 19.3 Representation of Damping in Vibration Analysis . 19-9 19.4 Measurement of Damping . 19-16 19.5 Interface Damping 19-26 20 Damping Theory Randall D. Peters . 20-1 20.1 Preface . 20-2 20.2 Introduction 20-4 20.3 Background . 20-12 20.4 Hysteresis — More Details 20-19 20.5 Damping Models 20-20 20.6 Measurements of Damping . 20-23 20.7 Hysteretic Damping . 20-27 20.8 Failure of the Common Theory 20-29 20.9 Air Influence . 20-30 20.10 Noise and Damping . 20-31 20.11 Transform Methods 20-34 20.12 Hysteretic Damping . 20-36 20.13 Internal Friction . 20-41 20.14 Mathematical Tricks — Linear Damping Approximations 20-43 20.15 Internal Friction Physics 20-44 20.16 Zener Model . 20-45 20.17 Toward a Universal Model of Damping . 20-48 20.18 Nonlinearity 20-58 20.19 Concluding Remark . 20-65 21 Experimental Techniques in Damping Randall D. Peters 21-1 21.1 Electronic Considerations 21-2 21.2 Data Processing 21-3 21.3 Sensor Choices 21-7 21.4 Damping Examples 21-8 21.5 Driven Oscillators with Damping . 21-19 21.6 Oscillator with Multiple Nonlinearities . 21-21 21.7 Multiple Modes of Vibration 21-24 21.8 Internal Friction as Source of Mechanical Noise 21-28 21.9 Viscous Damping — Need for Caution . 21-29 21.10 Air Influence . 21-31 22 Structure and Equipment Isolation Y.B. Yang, L.Y. Lu, and J.D. Yau 22-1 22.1 Introduction 22-2 22.2 Mechanisms of Base-Isolated Systems 22-4 Contents xvii , LLC22.3 Structure–Equipment Systems with Elastomeric Bearings 22-9 22.4 Sliding Isolation Systems . 22-17 22.5 Sliding Isolation Systems with Resilient Mechanism 22-36 22.6 Issues Related to Seismic Isolation Design 22-50 23 Vibration Control Nader Jalili and Ebrahim Esmailzadeh . 23-1 23.1 Introduction 23-1 23.2 Vibration-Control Systems Concept . 23-4 23.3 Vibration-Control Systems Design and Implementation . 23-12 23.4 Practical Considerations and Related Topics . 23-38 24 Helicopter Rotor Tuning Kourosh Danai 24-1 24.1 Introduction 24-1 24.2 Neural Network-Based Tuning 24-4 24.3 Probability-Based Tuning 24-5 24.4 Adaptive Tuning . 24-8 24.5 Case Study . 24-12 24.6 Conclusion 24-17 SECTION VI Monitoring and Diagnosis 25 Machine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnostics Chris K. Mechefske . 25-1 25.1 Introduction 25-2 25.2 Machinery Failure 25-2 25.3 Basic Maintenance Strategies 25-4 25.4 Factors which Influence Maintenance Strategy . 25-7 25.5 Machine Condition Monitoring . 25-8 25.6 Transducer Selection 25-10 25.7 Transducer Location . 25-14 25.8 Recording and Analysis Instrumentation . 25-14 25.9 Display Formats and Analysis Tools . 25-16 25.10 Fault Detection . 25-21 25.11 Fault Diagnostics 25-25 26 Vibration-Based Tool Condition Monitoring Systems C. Scheffer and P.S. Heyns 26-1 26.1 Introduction 26-1 26.2 Mechanics of Turning 26-2 26.3 Vibration Signal Recording . 26-7 26.4 Signal Processing for Sensor-Based Tool Condition Monitoring 26-11 26.5 Wear Model/Decision-Making for Sensor-Based Tool Condition Monitoring 26-15 26.6 Conclusion 26-20 27 Fault Diagnosis of Helicopter Gearboxes Kourosh Danai . 27-1 27.1 Introduction 27-1 27.2 Abnormality Scaling . 27-5 27.3 The Structure-Based Connectionist Network 27-8 27.4 Sensor Location Selection 27-11 xviii Contents , LLC27.5 A Case Study . 27-14 27.6 Conclusion 27-23 28 Vibration Suppression and Monitoring in Precision Motion Systems K.K. Tan, T.H. Lee, K.Z. Tang, S. Huang, S.Y. Lim, W. Lin, and Y.P. Leow 28-1 28.1 Introduction 28-1 28.2 Mechanical Design to Minimize Vibration 28-2 28.3 Adaptive Notch Filter . 28-10 28.4 Real-Time Vibration Analyzer . 28-17 28.5 Practical Insights and Case Study . 28-29 28.6 Conclusions . 28-35 SECTION VII Seismic Vibration 29 Seismic Base Isolation and Vibration Control Hirokazu Iemura, Sarvesh Kumar Jain, and Mulyo Harris Pradono 29-1 29.1 Introduction 29-1 29.2 Seismic Base Isolation 29-4 29.3 Seismic Vibration Control . 29-33 30 Seismic Random Vibration of Long-Span Structures Jiahao Lin and Yahui Zhang 30-1 30.1 Introduction 30-2 30.2 Seismic Random Excitation Fields 30-11 30.3 Pseudoexcitation Method for Structural Random Vibration Analysis 30-16 30.4 Long-Span Structures Subjected to Stationary Random Ground Excitations 30-27 30.5 Long-Span Structures Subjected to Nonstationary Random Ground Excitations . 30-34 30.6 Conclusions . 30-39 31 Seismic Qualification of Equipment Clarence W. de Silva . 31-1 31.1 Introduction 31-1 31.2 Distribution Qualification . 31-1 31.3 Seismic Qualification . 31-6 SECTION VIII Design and Applications 32 Vibration Design and Control Clarence W. de Silva 32-1 32.1 Introduction 32-2 32.2 Specification of Vibration Limits 32-3 32.3 Vibration Isolation . 32-5 32.4 Balancing of Rotating Machinery . 32-15 32.5 Balancing of Reciprocating Machines 32-26 32.6 Whirling of Shafts 32-33 32.7 Design through Modal Testing 32-39 32.8 Passive Control of Vibration . 32-45 Contents xix Active Control of Vibration 32-61 32.10 Control of Beam Vibrations 32-67 Appendix 32A MATLAB Control Systems Toolbox . 32-73 33 Structural Dynamic Modification and Sensitivity Analysis Su Huan Chen . 33-1 33.1 Introduction 33-2 33.2 Structural Dynamic Modification of Finite Element Model 33-2 33.3 Perturbation Method of Vibration Modes . 33-4 33.4 Design Sensitivity Analysis of Structural Vibration Modes . 33-8 33.5 High-Accuracy Modal Superposition for Sensitivity Analysis of Modes 33-11 33.6 Sensitivity of Eigenvectors for Free–Free Structures 33-13 33.7 Matrix Perturbation Theory for Repeated Modes 33-14 33.8 Matrix Perturbation Method for Closely Spaced Eigenvalues . 33-16 33.9 Matrix Perturbation Theory for Complex Modes 33-22 34 Vibration in Rotating Machinery H. Sam Samarasekera 34-1 34.1 Introduction 34-1 34.2 Vibration Basics 34-6 34.3 Rotordynamic Analysis 34-18 34.4 Vibration Measurement and Techniques . 34-39 34.5 Vibration Control and Diagnostics 34-39 35 Regenerative Chatter in Machine Tools Robert G. Landers . 35-1 35.1 Introduction 35-1 35.2 Chatter in Turning Operations . 35-3 35.3 Chatter in Face-Milling Operations 35-9 35.4 Time-Domain Simulation . 35-14 35.5 Chatter Detection . 35-18 35.6 Chatter Suppression . 35-20 35.7 Case Study . 35-24 36 Fluid-Induced Vibration Seon M. Han . 36-1 36.1 Description of the Ocean Environment . 36-1 36.2 Fluid Forces . 36-16 36.3 Examples . 36-23 SECTION IX Acoustics 37 Sound Levels and Decibels S. Akishita 37-1 37.1 Introduction 37-1 37.2 Sound Wave Characteristics 37-1 37.3 Levels and Decibels 37-3 38 Hearing and Psychological Effects S. Akishita 38-1 38.1 Introduction 38-1 38.2 Structure and Function of the Ear 38-1 38.3 Frequency and Loudness Response 38-2 xx Contents , LLC38.4 Hearing Loss . 38-4 38.5 Psychological Effects of Noise . 38-4 39 Noise Control Criteria and Regulations S. Akishita . 39-1 39.1 Introduction 39-1 39.2 Basic Ideas behind Noise Policy 39-1 39.3 Legislation . 39-2 39.4 Regulation . 39-4 39.5 Measures of Noise Evaluation . 39-5 40 Instrumentation Kiyoshi Nagakura 40-1 40.1 Sound Intensity Measurement 40-1 40.2 Mirror–Microphone System . 40-4 40.3 Microphone Array 40-6 41 Source of Noise S. Akishita . 41-1 41.1 Introduction 41-1 41.2 Radiation of Sound 41-1 42 Design of Absorption Teruo Obata 42-1 42.1 Introduction 42-1 42.2 Fundamentals of Sound Absorption 42-2 42.3 Sound-Absorbing Materials . 42-3 42.4 Acoustic Characteristic Computation of Compound Wall 42-6 42.5 Attenuation of Lined Ducts . 42-10 42.6 Attenuation of Dissipative Mufflers 42-12 42.7 General Considerations 42-15 42.8 Practical Example of Dissipative Muffler . 42-17 43 Design of Reactive Mufflers Teruo Obata . 43-1 43.1 Introduction 43-1 43.2 Fundamental Equations . 43-2 43.3 Effects of Reactive Mufflers 43-3 43.4 Calculation Procedure 43-5 43.5 Application Range of Model . 43-6 43.6 Practical Example . 43-13 44 Design of Sound Insulation Kiyoshi Okura 44-1 44.1 Theory of Sound Insulation 44-1 44.2 Application of Sound Insulation 44-13 45 Statistical Energy Analysis Takayuki Koizumi . 45-1 45.1 Introduction 45-1 45.2 Power Flow Equations . 45-2 45.3 Estimation of Sea Parameters 45-4 45.4 Application in Structures . 45-7 Glossary
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عدد المساهمات : 18864 التقييم : 35108 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
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