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كاتب الموضوع | رسالة |
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Admin مدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 19002 التقييم : 35506 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Plastics Materials السبت 03 مارس 2012, 11:34 am | |
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تذكير بمساهمة فاتح الموضوع : أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Plastics Materials Seventh Edition J. A. Bryd Former Head of the Department of Physical Sciences and Technology, Polytechnic of North London (now known as the University of North London
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Preface to the Seventh Edition Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgements for the Seventh Edition Abbreviations for Plastics and Rubbers The Historical Development of Plastics Materials Natural Plastics Parkesine and Celluloid Developments since Raw Materials for Plastics The Market for Plastics The Future for Plastics The Evolution of the Vinyl Plastics The Chemical Nature of Plastics Introduction Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Behaviour Further Consideration of Addition Polymerisation Ionic polymerisation Ziegler-Natta and metallocene polymerisation Elementary kinetics of free-radical addition polymerisation Condensation Polymerisation States of Aggregation in Polymers Introduction Linear Amorphous Polymers Crystalline Polymers Orientation and crystallisation Liquid crystal polymers Orientation in linear amorphous polymers Cross-linked Structures Polyblends Summary Vvi Contents Relation of Structure to Thermal and Mechanical Properties Introduction Factors Affecting the Glass Transition Temperature Factors Affecting the Ability to Crystallise Factors Affecting the Crystalline Melting Point Some Individual Properties Melt viscosity Yield strength and modulus Density Impact strength Relation of Structure to Chemical Properties Introduction Chemical Bonds Polymer Solubility Plasticisers Extenders Determination of solubility parameter Thermodynamics and solubility Effects of Thermal, Photochemical and High-energy Radiation Chemical Reactivity Aging and Weathering Diffusion and Permeability Toxicity Fire and Plastics Relation of Structure to Electrical and Optical Properties Introduction Electronic Applications of Polymers Electrically Conductive Polymers Optical Properties Appendix-Electrical Testing Dielectric Constant, Power Factor and Structure Some Quantitative Relationships of Dielectrics Additives for Plastics Introduction Fillers Coupling agents Plasticisers and Softeners Lubricants and Flow Promoters Anti-aging Additives Antioxidants Antiozonants Stabilisers against dehydrochlorination Ultraviolet absorbers and related materials Flame Retarders Colorants Blowing Agents Cross-linking Agents Photodegradants -Oxazolines Contents vii Principles of the Processing of Plastics Introduction Melt Processing of Thermoplastics Hygroscopic behaviour Granule characteristics Thermal stability Flow properties . Terminology . Effect of environmental and molecular factors on viscous flow properties . Flow in an injection mould . Elastic effects in polymer melts Thermal properties affecting cooling Crystallisation Orientation and shrinkage Melt Processing of Thermosetting Plastics Processing in the Rubbery State Solution, Suspension and Casting Processes Thermal properties influencing polymer melting Summary Principles of Product Design Introduction Rigidity of Plastics Materials The assessment of maximum service temperature . Assessment of thermal stability . Assessment of softening point The assessment of impact strength Toughness Stress-Strain-Time Behaviour The WLF equations Creep curves Recovery from Deformation Distortion, Voids and Frozen-in Stress Conclusions Practical assessment of long-term behaviour Polyethylene Introduction Preparation of Monomer Polymerisation High-pressure polymerisation Ziegler processes The Phillips process Standard Oil Company (Indiana) process Processes for making linear low-density polyethylene and metallocene polyethylene Structure and Properties of Polyethylene Mechanical properties Thermal properties Chemical properties Electrical properties Properties of metallocene-catalysed polyethylenes Properties of Polyethylene Properties of LLDPE and VLDPE viii Contents Additives Processing Cross-linked Polyethylene Chlorinated Polyethylene Applications Polyethylenes of Low and High Molecular Weight Aliphatic Polyolefins other than Polyethylene, and Diene Rubbers Polypropylene Preparation of polypropylene Properties of isotactic polypropylene Additives for isotactic polypropylene Processing characteristics Applications Atactic and syndiotactic polypropylene Chlorinated polypropylene Atactic polybut- -ene Structure and properties of polypropylene Polybut- -ene Polyisobutylene Poly-( -methylpent-l-ene) Structure and properties General properties Processing Applications Other Aliphatic Olefin Homopolymers Copolymers Containing Ethylene Ethylene-cyclo-olefin copolymers Diene Rubbers Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymers (ECO) Natural rubber Synthetic polyisoprene (IR) Polybutadiene Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) . ‘High styrene resins’ Nitrile rubber (NBR) Chloroprene rubbers (CR) Butadiene-pentadiene rubbers Thermoplastic Diene Rubbers Aliphatic Olefin Rubbers Rubbery Cyclo-olefin (Cyclo-alkene) Polymers Thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers . Aliphatic polyalkenamers . Polynorbomene . Chlorine-containing copolymers , -Polybutadiene .I Ethylene-styrene copolymers Other elastomers Vinyl Chloride Polymers Introduction Preparation of Vinyl Chloride Polymerisation Structure of Poly(viny chloride) Characterisation of commercial polymers Compounding Ingredients Stabilisers Plasticisers Extenders Lubricants Fillers Pigments Miscellaneous additives Formulations Properties of PVC Compounds Processing Plasticised PVC Unplasticised PVC Pastes Copolymers Latices Applications Miscellaneous Products Crystalline PVC Chlorinated PVC Graft polymers based on PVC Vinyl chloride-propylene copolymers Vinyl chloride-N-cyclohexylmaleimide copolymers Polymeric impact modifiers and processing aids Fluorine-containing Polymers Introduction Polytetrafluoroethylene I Preparation of monomer Polymerisation Structure and properties General properties Processing Additives Applications Tetrafluoroethylene-Hexafluoropropylene Copolymers Tetrafluoroethylene-Ethylene Copolymers (ETFE) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polymers (PCTFE) Poly(viny fluoride) (PVF) Poly(viny idene fluoride) Hexafluoroisobutylene-Vinylidene Fluoride Copolymers Fluorine-containing Rubbers Thermoplastic fluoroelastomers Miscellaneous Fluoropolymers Poly(viny acetate) and its Derivatives Introduction Poly(viny acetate) and Copolymers with Ethylene (ECTFE) Other Plastics Materials Containing Tetrafluoroethylene Preparation of the monomer Polymerisation Properties and uses Structure and properties Applications Poly(viny alcohol) Contents ix x Contents The Poly(viny acetals) Poly(viny formal) Poly(viny acetal) Poly(viny butyral) Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymers Poly(viny cinnamate) Other Organic Vinyl Ester Polymers Acrylic Plastics Introduction Poly(methy methacrylate) Preparation of monomer Polymerisation Structure and properties Additives Processing Applications Methyl Methacrylate Polymers with Enhanced Impact Resistance and Softening Point Nitrile Resins Acrylate Rubbers Thermosetting Acrylic Polymers Acrylic Adhesives Hydrophilic Polymers Poly(methacry imide) Miscellaneous Methacrylate and Chloroacrylate Polymers and Copolymers Other Acrylic Polymers General properties of poly(methy methacrylate) Plastics Based on Styrene Introduction Preparation of the Monomer Laboratory preparation Commercial preparation Polymerisation Mass polymerisation Solution polymerisation Suspension polymerisation Emulsion polymerisation Grades available Properties and Structure of Polystyrene General Properties High-impact Polystyrenes (HIPS) (Toughened Polystyrenes (TPS)) Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers ABS Plastics Production of ABS materials Processing of ABS materials Miscellaneous Rubber-modified Styrene- Acrylonitrile and Related Copolymers Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymers Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymers Miscellaneous Polymers and Copolymers Stereoregular Polystyrene . Syndiotactic polystyrene Properties and applications of ABS plastics Contents xi Processing of Polystyrene Expanded Polystyrene . Structural foams Oriented Polystyrene Applications Miscellaneous Vinyl Thermoplastics Introduction Vinylidene Chloride Polymers and Copolymers Vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers Properties and applications of vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers Coumarone-Indene resins Poly(viny carbazole) Poly(viny pyrrolidone) Poly(viny ethers) Other Vinyl Polymers Polyamides and Polyimides Polyamides: Introduction Intermediates for Aliphatic Polyamides Adipic acid Hexamethylenediamine Caprolactam w-Aminoundecanoic acid w-Aminoenanthic acid Dodecanelactam Polymerisation of Aliphatic Polyamides Nylon Nylon Nylon Nylon Structure and Properties of Aliphatic Polyamides General Properties of the Nylons Additives Glass-filled Nylons Processing of the Nylons Applications Polyamides of Enhanced Solubility Other Aliphatic Polyamides Aromatic Polyamides . Glass-clear polyamides . Crystalline aromatic polyamides Sebacic acid and Azelaic acid Nylons , and Comparison of nylons and in glass-filled compositions . Poly-rn-xylylene adipamide . Aromatic polyamide fibres . Polyphthalamide plastics Polyimides Modified Polyimides . Polyamide-imides . Polyetherimides Elastomeric Polyamides Polyesteramides- xii Contents Polyacetals and Related Materials Introduction Preparation of Formaldehyde Acetal Resins Polymerisation of formaldehyde Properties of acetal resins Processing Additives Acetal-polyurethane alloys Polyethers from Glycols and Alkylene Oxides Elastomeric polyethers Structure and properties of acetal resins Applications of the acetal polymers and copolymers Miscellaneous Aldehyde Polymers Oxetane Polymers Polysulphides Introduction Production of Intermediates Polymer Preparation Polycarbonates Ester exchange Phosgenation process Relation of Structure and Properties Variations in commercial grades General Properties Processing Characteristics Miscellaneous Carbonic Ester Polymers Other Thermoplastics Containing p-Phenylene Groups Applications of Bis-phenol A Polycarbonates Alloys based on Bis-phenol A Polycarbonates Polyester Carbonates and Block Copolymers Introduction Polyphenylenes Pol y-p-xylylene Poly(pheny ene oxides) and Halogenated Derivatives Alkyl Substituted Poly(pheny ene oxides) including PPO Structure and properties of Styrenic PPOs Processing of styrenic PPOs Polyamide PPOs Poly( , -dibromo-l, -phenyleneoxide) Polyphenylene Sulphides Amorphous polyarylene sulphides Pol ysulphones General properties of polysulphones Processing of polysulphones Applications Blends based on polysulphones Polyarylether Ketones Phenoxy Resins Linear Aromatic Polyesters poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide) (PPO) Processing and application of PPO Blends based in polyphenylene oxides Properties and structure of polysulphones Contents xiii Polyhydantoin Resins Poly(parabanicacids) Summary Cellulose Plastics Cellulose Esters Nature and Occurrence of Cellulose Cellulose nitrate Cellulose acetate Other cellulose esters Ethyl cellulose Miscellaneous ethers Cellulose Ethers Regenerated Cellulose Vulcanised Fibre Phenolic Resins Introduction Raw Materials Phenol Other phenols Aldehydes Chemical Aspects Novolaks Resols Resin Manufacture Moulding Powders Compounding ingredients Compoundingof phenol-formaldehyde moulding compositions Processing characteristics Properties of phenolic mouldings Applications The properties of phenolic laminates Applications of phenolic laminates MiscellaneousApplications Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Adhesives Friedel-Crafts and Related Polymers Phenolic Resin Fibres Polybenzoxazines Aminoplastics Introduction Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Raw materials Theories of resinification U-F moulding materials Adhesives and related uses Foams and firelighters Other applications Melamine Resinification Moulding powders Laminates containing melamine-formaldehyde resin Miscellaneous applications Hardening Phenolic Laminates Melamine-Formaldehyde Resinsxiv Contents Melamine-Phenolic Resins Aniline-Formaldehyde Resins Resins Containing Thiourea Polyesters Introduction Unsaturated Polyester Laminating Resins Selection of raw materials Production of resins Curing systems Structure and properties Polyester-glass fibre laminates Water-extended polyesters Allyl resins Polyester Moulding Compositions Fibre-forming and Film-forming Polyesters Poly(ethy ene terephthalate) Moulding Materials Poly(ethy ene naphthalate) (PEN) Poly(buty ene terephthalate) Poly(trimethy ene terephthalate) Poly-( , -~yclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT) Poly-( , -~yclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalateco-isophthalate) Highly Aromatic Linear Polyesters Liquid crystal polyesters Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers Poly(pivalo actone) Polycaprolactones Surface Coatings, Plasticisers and Rubbers Epoxide Resins Introduction Preparation of Resins from Bis-phenol A Curing of Glycidyl Ether Resins Amine hardening systems Acid hardening systems Miscelfaneous hardener systems Comparison of hardening systems Miscellaneous glycidyl ether resins Non-glycidyl ether epoxides Diluents, Flexibilisers and other Additives Structure and Properties of Cured Resins Miscellaneous Epoxide Resins Applications Introduction Isocyanates Rubbers Polyurethanes and Polyisocyanurates Fibres and Crystalline Moulding Compounds Cast polyurethane rubbers Millable gums Properties and applications of cross-linked polyurethane rubbers Thermoplastic polyurethane rubbers and Spandex fibres Flexible Foams One-shot polyester foams Polyether prepolymers Contents xv Quasi-prepolymer polyether foams Polyether one-shot foams Properties and applications of flexible foams Self-skinning foams and the RIM process Rigid and Semi-rigid Foams Coatings and Adhesives Polyisocyanurates Polycarbodi-imide Resins Polyurethane-Acrylic Blends Miscellaneous Isocyanate-Based Materials Furan Resins Introduction Preparation of Intermediates Resinification Applications Properties of the Cured Resins Silicones and Other Heat-resisting Polymers Introduction Nomenclature The Grignard method The direct process The olefin addition method Sodium condensation method Rearrangement of organochlorosilanes General Methods of Preparation and Properties of Silicones Preparation General properties Applications Preparation Properties Applications Dimethylsilicone rubbers Modified polydimethylsiloxane rubbers Compounding Fabrication and cross-linking Properties and applications Liquid silicone rubbers Polysiloxane-polyetherimide copolymers Polymers for use at High Temperatures Fluorine-containing polymers Inorganic polymers Cross-linked organic polymers Co-ordination polymers Summary Nature of chemical bonds containing silicon Preparation of Intermediates Silicone Fluids Silicone Resins Silicone Rubbers Linear polymers with p-phenylene groups and other ring structures Ladder polymers and spiro polymers xvi Contents Miscellaneous Plastics Materials Introduction Casein Chemical nature Isolation of casein from milk Production of casein plastics Properties of casein Applications Miscellaneous Protein Plastics Derivatives of Natural Rubber Shellac Gutta Percha and Related Materials Occurrence and preparation Chemical composition Properties Applications Composition and properties Amber Bituminous Plastics Selected Functional Polymers Introduction Thermoplastic Elastomers Polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers (PHBV) Intrinsically Electrically Conducting Polymers (ICPs) Applications of thermoplastic elastomers The future for thermoplastic elastomers Degradable Plastics The future for degradable plastics Material Selection Introduction Establishing Operational Requirements Material Data Sources Economic Factors Affecting Material Choice Computer-aided selection A Simple Mechanistic Non-computer Selection System A Simple Pathway-based Non-computer Selection System Appendix Index Index ABS plastics, - processing, - production, - properties and applications, ABSPVC blends, Acetal-polyurethane alloys, Acetal resins, - , - additives, - applications, - electrical insulation properties, mechanical properties, - polymerisation of formaldehyde, - processing, - structure and properties, - thermal properties, - Acetone, Acetylene, Acetyl tributyl citrate, Achieve range, Acid hardening systems, - Acrilan, Acry-ace, Acrylate rubbers, - Acrylic plastics, - acrylate rubbers, - acrylic adhesives, - chloroacrylate polymers and copolymers, hydrophilic polymers, methacrylate and chloroacrylate polymers methacrylate polymers and copolymers, - nitrile resins, - poly(methacrylimide), - poly(methy methacrylate), - thermosetting acrylic polymers, - - and copolymers, - Acryloid, Acrylonitrile, Acsium, Activators, Acyclic aliphatic resins, - Addition polymerisation, - see Polymerisation, addition Additive method, Additives. - acetal resins, - anti-aging, - , antistatic, blowing agents, - , colorants, - , coupling agents, - cross-linking agents, - epoxide resins, - fillers, - , flame retarders, - , - , flow promoters, - fungicides, heat stabilisers, isotactic polypropylene, G I light stabilisers, lubricants, - , nucleating agents, -Oxazolines, - photodegradants, - plasticisers, - , polish, polyamides, - polyethylene, - poly(methy methacrylate), polypropylene, - polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), - poly(viny chloride), reinforcing fillers, softeners, - , structure control, see also under specific types , Index Adhesives: acrylic, - hot setting, polyurethane, resorcinol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde resins, - Adipic acid, Adiprene C. , Aerodux, Aflas, Aflon, Aggregation states, - AFT- , cross-linked structures, - crystalline polymers, - linear amorphous polymers, - polyblends, - Aging, Agriculture, Air-dried sheet (ADS), Alcoholysis, Alcryn, Aldehydes, Algoflan, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Aliphatic olefin rubbers, - Aliphatic polyalkenamers, - Aliphatic polyamides, - thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers, - adipic acid, w-aminoenanthic acid, - w-aminoundecanoic acid, azelaic acid, - caprolactam, - dodecanelactam, - hexamethylenediamine, intermediates for, - polymerisation, - sebacic acid, - structure and properties, - aliphatic olefin rubbers, - copolymers containing ethylene, - diene rubbers, - poly-( -methylpent- -me), - polybut-l-ene, - I , -polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, - polypropylene, - rubbery cyclo-olefin (cyclo-akene) thermoplastic diene rubbers, - see also Polyethylene Aliphatic polyolefins, - polymers, - Alkali metals, Alkon, Alkyd moulding compositions, - N-Alkyl compounds, Alkyl, -cyanoacrylate, Alkylene oxides, - n-Alkyl groups, Alkyl lithium, Allyl resins, - Alphanol, Alternating copolymers, Aluminium chloride, Aluminium hydroxide, Aluminium stearate, Aluminium triethyl, Amber, - Ambroid, Amine flexibilisers, - Amine hardening systems, - , Amines, Aminocrotonates, w-Aminoenanthic acid, - Aminoplastics, - composition and properties, - aniline-formaldehyde resins, - melamine-formaldehyde resins, - melamine-phenolic resins, thiourea resins, - urea-formaldehyde resins, - w-Aminoundecanoic acid, Amorphous density, Amorphous non-polar polymers, Amorphous polar polymers, Amorphous polyarylene sulphides, Amorphous polymers, cooling rates, - density, elastic moduli, - glass transition temperature, - , impact strength, - linear, - orientation, - optical properties, solubility, yield strength, - Amorphous resins, Anaerobic acrylic adhesives, Aniline-formaldehyde resins, - Anisotropic behaviour, Anti-aging additives, - , antioxidants, - antiozonants, stabilisers against dehydrochlorination, ultraviolet absorbers and related materials, - Anti-blocking agents, Antimony oxide, - , Antioxidants, - , - , chain-breaking, - in polypropylene, preventive, Antiozonants, Antiplasticisation, APE, Apec HT, Applications: ABS plastics, acetal resins, - his-phenol A polycarbonates, - casein, cellulose acetate, - Index cellulose nitrate, epoxide resins, - flexible foams, - furan resins, - isotactic polypropylene, - melamine-formaldehyde resins, - nylons, - , phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder, phenolic laminates, - phenolic resins, - polyacetals, - polyamides, - poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide) (PPO), polyethylene, - , poly(methy methacrylate), - poly-( -methylpent-l-ene), polypropylene, - , - polysulphones, - polytetrafluoroethylene, - polyurethane rubbers, - poly(viny alcohol), poly(viny chloride) (PVC), - shellac, - silicone fluids, - silicone resins, - silicone rubbers, - styrene-based plastics, - styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), thermoplastic elastomers, - urea-formaldehyde resins, - , - vinyl chloride polymers, - - Aramid fibres, - , Arc resistance, Ardel, Ardil, Ametal, Amite, Arnitel, Amite PBTP, Amite PETP, Aromatic diamines, Aromatic polyamide fibres, - Aromatic polycarbonates, Aromatic polyester, Aromatic polyimides, Arrhenius equation, Arylef, Arylon T, Aryloxa, Asbestos, Asphaltites, A-stage resins, - Asterite, ASTM D , ASTM D - , ASTM D , ASTM D , ASTM D - , ASTM D , Astrel, Atactic structures, A-Tell, Auto-acceleration effect, Automotive industry, Autoxidation, Average kinetic chain length, Azelaic acid, - Azodi-isobutyronitrile, B , Bakelite, Balanced process, Balata, Barex, Barytes, BASF process, Basic lead carbonate (white lead), Bayblend, Baymid, Baypren, BDS K-resin, Bead processes, - Beckamides, Bell test, Benzene, Benzene rings, Benzoates, Benzoyl peroxide, Benzyl cellulose, Beta-conidendrol, Biapen, Biaxial orientation, Biaxial stretching, Binary copolymers, Biocellat, Bioceta, Biodegradable plastics, Biodegradation, - Biomax , Biopol, Birefringence methods, Bis-phenol A polycarbonates, , alloys based on, - applications, - glass transition temperature, Bitumen, - , - Bituminous plastics, - Biuret links, Bleeding, Block copolymers, - , - Blocking, Blooming, Blowing agents, - , Blow moulding, Blown film processes, Blow-up ratio, Bond bending, Bond dissociation energies, Index Bond stretching, Boron trifluoride, Bouncing putty, Branching, - Brownian motion, BS, softening point, BS, flow test, BS, B-stage resins, - Buna N., Buna S., Burning rate, Buss Ko-Kneader, Butachlor, Butacite, Buta- , -diene, Butadiene, Butadiene-Pentadiene rubbers, Butadiene-styrene block copolymers, - Butadiene-styrene resins, Cadmium-barium systems, Cadon, Calcium carbide, Calcium carbonate, Calcium oxide, Calcium silicate, Calcium stearate, Calendering, Camphor, Campus system, Capacitance, I Capacity factor, Caprolactam, - Carbanions, Carbon black, as conductive filler, in polyethylene, - , as ultraviolet absorber, Carbon fibres, Carbonic ester polymers, G Carbonium ions, Carbon tetrachloride, Carbowax, Carboxyl groups, Cariflex TR, Carilon, Casein, - applications, chemical nature, - isolation from milk, - production, - properties, - Casting processes, Cast phenolic resins, Catalysts. Celanex, Celanix, Celcon, Cellidor B. Cell nucleating agents, Cellophane, Cell stabilisers, Celluloid, - , structure and properties, - Cellulose, regenerated, - Cellulose acetate, - , - applications, - biodegradable compounds, compounding, - preparation, - primary, properties, - secondary, Cellulose acetate-butyrate (CAB), Cellulose acetate-propionate, Cellulose caprate, - Cellulose esters, - cellulose acetate, - cellulose acetate-butyrate (CAB), cellulose acetate-propionate, cellulose caprate, - cellulose nitrate, - cellulose propionate, Cellulose ethers, - ethyl cellulose, - Cellulose nitrate, - applications, manufacture of celluloid sheets, - preparation, - structure and properties of celluloid, - Cellulose plastics, - cellulose esters, - cellulose ethers, - ethyl cellulose, - nature and occurrence of cellulose, - regenerated cellulose, vulcanised fibre, Cellulose propionate, Cellulosics, Chain branching, Chain coiling, - Chain degradation, Chain ends, - Chain flexibility, Chain growth, Chain mobility, Chain separation, Chain stiffness, Chain transfer, Chain transfer agents, Chain uncoiling, - , Charpy test, - Chelating agents, Chemical blowing agents, Chemical bonds, - Chemical nature of plastics, - addition polymerisation, - condensation polymerisation, thermoplastic and thermosetting behaviour, - - Index Chemical properties, - aging and weathering, chemical bonds, - chemical reactivity, - diffusion and permeability, - effects of thermal, photochemical and high-energy radiation, - fire and plastics, - polymer solubility, - toxicity, - Chemical reactivity, - Chewing gum, Chicle, Chill-roll process, Chipboard, Chlorendic anhydride, Chloroacrylate polymers and copolymers, - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Chloroform, Chloroprene rubbers (CR), - Chlorosulphonated polyethylene (Hypalon), . Chlorosulphonated polyethylenes, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Clausius-Mosotti equation, Clays, Coal tar, Coatings, Cobalt naphthenate, Cocatalysts, Cohesive energy density, Coining, Coke, Cold cure process, Cold-drawing process, Cold flex temperature, Cold forming, Cold moulding process, Collodion, Colorants, - Colour-forming groups, Combustion, Comonomers, Composites, Compression moulding, - , Computer-aided material selection, - Condensers, Conduction charge, Congo red test, Constant-viscosity rubbers, Constrained geometry homogeneous catalysts, , Contact resins, Continuous Use Temperature Rating or Index, Cooling rates, - Copolymerisation, with ethylene, - poly(methy methacrylate), - butadiene-styrene, - Copolymers, - chlorine-containing, ethylene, ethylene-acrylic acid, ethylene-carbon monoxide, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, ethylene-styrene, - ethylene-vinyl alcohol, - , hexafluoroisobutylene-vinylidenefluoride, multiblock, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV), poly(viny chloride) (PVC), - , styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-butadiene, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene (ETFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene, - - styrene-maleic anhydride, , triblock, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride-vinyl acrylonitrile, vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride, - Co-ordinate bonds, Cotton linters, Coumarone-indene resins, - Counter-current mixing, Coupling agents, - I Covalent bonds, Cracking, Crack propagation, Crastin, Crazing, - Creep, Creep curves, - Creep-temperature relationships, Cresols, - , Crinothene, Critical point, Critical shear rate, Critical shear stress, Cross-linked structures, - , Cross-linking, - , - , cast polyurethane rubbers, - heat-fugitive, rate, silicone rubbers, - Cross-linking agents, - , Crystal densities, Crystalline aromatic polyamides, - Crystallinew melting point, - Crystalline polymers, - liquid crystal polymers, orientation and crystallisation, - Crystallinity, polyethylene, Crystallisation, - , factors affecting, - , Crystallisation rate-temperature curve, Crystallites, C-stage resins, - Index Cumene process, Cyclic aliphatic resins, - Cyclohexamone peroxide, Cyclohexane, Cycoloy, Dacron, Dai-el, Debye equation, Decomposition, Deflection temperature under load test, Deformation, Deformation-time curves, Degradable plastics, - , polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers (PHBV), - Degradation, Degree of substitution, Dehydrochlorination, Dehydrochlorination stabilisers, Dehydrogenation, Delrin, Density, Dentures, Derakane vinyl esters, Deretron, Deroton, Dexsil, Diacryl, Diakon, Diakon MX, Diallyl isophthalate (DAIP), Diallyl phthalate (DAP), Diamar, Diamines, Diaminophenyl sulphone, Diaphanyl phthalate (DAP), Diazomethane, Dibasic acid, Dibasic lead phosphite, Dibasic lead phthalate, Dibasic lead stearate, Dibenzyl ether, Dibutyl phthalate, Dibutyl sebacate (DBS), Dibutyltin di-iso-octylthioglycollate, Dibutyltin dilaurate, Dibutyltin maleate, Dicumyl peroxide, Dielectric constant, - , Dielectric constant-frequency curve, Dielectric constant-temperature curve, Dielectrics, quantitative relationships, - Dielectric strength. Diels-Alder reactions, Diene rubbers, - butadiene-pentadiene rubbers, chloroprene rubbers (CR), - natural rubbers, - nitrile rubber (NBR), - ozone degradation, polybutadiene, - styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), - synthetic polyisoprene, - thermoplastic, Die swell, Diethylaminopropylamine, Diethylenetriamine, Diethyl hexyl phthalate, Diethyl phthalate, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Diffusion, - Diglycidyl ether resins, Dihalides, Di-isobutyl phthalate, Di-isocyanates, Di-isodecyl phthalate, Di-iso-octyl phthalate (DIOP), Dilatancy, Diluents, - Dimers, Dimethacrylates, Dimethylaminopropylaine, Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Dimethylsilicone rubbers, DIN, DIN, Dinonyl phthalate (DNP), Dioctyl sebacate (DOS), Diols, , -Dioxolane, Diphenylmethane di-isocyanates, - Diphenylurea, Dipole forces, Dipole moments, Dipole orientation, - Dipole polarisation, Dispersion forces, Dissipation factor, Distortion, - Disubstituted ethylenes, Ditridecyl phthalate, Divinylbenzene, Dodecanelactam, - Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, Dodecyl mercaptan, Doping, - Dorlastan, Dormagen process, Dough moulding compounds, - Dow ‘Log’ process, Dow-Taga process, Draw-down ratio, Duracon, Durel, Durethan U, Dyflor, Dylarc, Dymotape, Dynagen XP- , Ebonite, - Ecoflex, Ekkcel, Index Ekkcel C- , Ekkcel - , Ekonol P- , Ekonol T- , Ektar PCTG, Elastic deformations, Elasticity, I Elastic moduli, - Elastic turbulence, Elastomer-modified thermoplastics, see Electrical insulation properties, also Thermoplastic elastomers , acetal resins, Electrically conductive polymers, Electrical properties, Electrical testing, Electronegativity values, Electronic applications of polymers, - Electron polarisation, Electrovalent bonds, Elvanol, Elvax, Engel process, Engineering plastics, Entanglements, Enthalpy, - Entropy, Entropy change, Entropy of fusion, Environmental stress cracking, - , EPDM rubbers, Epichlorhydrin rubbers, Epoxide resins, - acyclic aliphatic, - additives, - applications, - curing of glycidyl ether resins, - cyclic aliphatic, - diluents, - flexibilisers, - hardening systems, - miscellaneous, - nitrogen-containing, - non-glycidyl ether, - preparation from bis-phenol A, - structure and properties, Epoxidised oils, Estane, Ester exchange, - Ester linkage, Ethanol, Ethyl acrylate, Ethyl alcohol, Ethylbenzene, - Ethyl cellulose, - Ethylene-cyclo-olefin copolymers, Ethylene, polyethylene, , chlorinated, copolymerisation, - copolymers, - monosubstituted, polymers, Ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymers, Ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycollate, Ethylene dichloride, Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers, Ethylene glycol, Ethylene oxide, Ethylene-propylene rubbers, - , Ethylene-styrene copolymers, - Ethylene-styrene interpolymers (ESIs), Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) plastics, Ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers, Extenders, poly(viny chloride), Extrusion, - Extrusion moulding, Eypel F, - , - , - , Falling weight tests, Fibre-resin preform mouldings, Fibrides, Fillers, - , inert, particulate, - , polyethylene, - polypropylene, poly(viny chloride), - reinforcing particulate, Film, - Film extrusion processes, Film tapes, - Finaclear, Fire, - Firelighters, Firemaster, Fire retardants, FKM rubbers, - Flame retarders, - , - , , in foams, - in nylon, in polyethylene, Flammability performance standards, Flexible foams, - one-shot polyester foams, - polyether foams, - polyether prepolymers, - properties and applications, - Flow path ratio, - Flow promoters, - Flow properties, - factors, - effects of environmental and molecular Index Flow properties-continued elastic effects in polymer melts, - in injection mould, - terminology, - Flow temperature, Fluidised-bed techniques, Fluon, Fluorel , Fluorine-containing polymers, - ethylene copolymers, - fluorine-containing rubbers, - hexafluoroisobutylenevinylidenefluoride polychlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers, polytetrafluoroethylene, - poly(viny fluoride), poly(viny idene fluoride), - tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers, tetrafluoroethy lene-hexafluoropropylene copolymers, - copolymers, Fluoro compounds, Fluoroelastomers, - Fluoroprene, Fluororubbers, Fluorosilicones, Foams flexible, - rigid and semi-rigid, - urea-formaldehyde resins, - Footwear, Foraflon, Formaldehyde, - polymerisation, - preparation, Formica, Formolisation, - Fomvar, Forticel, Fortron, Fracture initiation stress, Free energy change, Free energy equation, Free radicals, Freeze-line distance, - FriedelLCrafts agents, Friedel-Crafts and related polymers, Fringed crystallite theory, Fringed micelle theory, Frozen-in stress, Fumaric acid, Functionality, Fungicides, Furane plastics, Furan resins, - applications, - preparation of intermediates, - properties of cured resins, resinification, I -I addition polymerisation, - , - Furfural, - Furfuryl alcohol, - Furukawa process, Gasoline, Gauche form, Gelatine, Gel effect, Gel point, Gelvatol, Generic Temperature Index, Gilsonite, Glass-clear polyamides, - Glass fibre, Glass-like polymers, Glass transition temperature, - , - , , amorphous polymers, and dipole polarisation, - factors affecting, - , nylons, polyethylene, poly(ethy ene terephthalate) (PET), Glassy resins, Glassy state, Gloss, Glycerol, Glycidyl adducts, Glycidyl ether resins, - acid hardening systems, - amine hardening systems, - , curing, - miscellaneous, - Graft polymers, Gramophone records, Granule characteristics, - Graphite, Greases, Grignard method, - Grilamid ELY, Grilamid TR , Growth-temperature curve, GR-S (Government Rubber-Styrene), Gutta percha, - Glycols, - related materials, - Halar, Halon, Halophosphates, Hardening systems, - , - Haze, Heat deflection temperature under load test (HDT test), Heat distortion temperature test, Heat stabilisers, Heat stability, Henecke machine, - , Index Henry’s law, Herclor C, Herclor H, Heterogeneous nucleation, Hexafluoroisobutylene-vinylidene fluoride Hexahydrophthalic anhydride, Hexamethyleneadipamide, @ Hexamethylenediamine, Hexamethylenesebacamide, - Hexamethyleneterephthalamide, - High-energy radiation, - , High-frequency heating, High-impact polystyrene (HIPS), High-styrene resins, High-temperature polymers, - , co-ordination, - cross-linked organic, - fluorine-containing, - inorganic, - ladder, - linear with p-phenylene groups and other spiro, - copolymers, , - ring structures, - High-vinyl polybutadienes, Hipertuf, Hitachi process, Hivalloy, HM- , Homogeneous nucleation, Homopolymers, Horticulture, Hostaflon C , Hostaflon ET, Hostaflon PFA-N, Hostaflon TF, Hostaflon TFB, Hostaflon TFM, Hostaform, Hostalit LP HT , Hostamid, I Hostatec, Hot melt compositions, Hot moulding process, Housings, H-resin, Hycar x , Hycar I , Hydrin, Hydrocarbon radicals, - Hydrofluoric acid, Hydrogenated nitrile rubbers, - Hydrogenated SBS triblock polymers, Hydrogen bonding, - , Hydrogen bonding theory, Hydrolysis, Hydrophilic polymers, Hydroquinone, Hydroxethyl cellulose, p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, Hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, Hydroxyl groups, primary, secondary, Hydroxypropyl cellulose, Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, Hygroscopic behaviour, Hypalon, Hytrel, Icdal Ti , IEC - - Glow Wire Test, IEC - - Needle Flame Test, Igamid IC, lgepal CA, Ignition, I-Gummi, Impact modifiers, - , Impact strength, - , - , assessment of, - Impact tests, - Impingement mixing, Impurities, Induction forces, Injection moulding, and compression moulding, - cooling rates, - flow process, - , PMMA, - polypropylene, polystyrene, PVC, Inorganic resin, Intensity factor, Interchain attraction, Intermolecular forces, - International Electrotechnical Commission International Standards Organisation (ISO), Interpenetrating polymer networks, Intrinsically electrically conducting polymers Ionic bonds, Ionic cross-linking, Ionic polymerisation, - Ionomers, - , Iron dithiocarbamate, IS , IS , Isocyanates, - , Iso-free volume, ris, trans Isomerism, Isophthalic acid (IPA), Isoprene, Isopropenyl, -oxazoline (IPO), Isopropyl tri(diocty pyrophosphate) titanate, Isotactic polypropylene, - (IEC), (ICPs), - additives, - applications, - Index Isotactic polypropylene-continlred processing characteristics, - properties, - Isotactic structures, Ivoride, Ixef, Izod impact strength, Izod test, - , Jelutong, Kaladex, Kalrez, Kamex, Kapton, KES PIasrics package, Kel-F, Kematal, I Kennel, Ketonex, Kevlar, - KF, Kinel, KKF data base, Klucel, Knife handles, Kodar, Kodar PETG, Kodel, Kraft papers, Kraton G, K-resins, Krytox, K-values, - Kynar, Kynol, Lac, - Ladder polymers, - Laminates, - , - , - Lanital, Latices, - , Lead orthosilicates, Lead salicylate, Lead silicate, Lead stearate, Levapren, Levapren , Lewis acid, Lexan, Light energy, Light magnesium carbonate, Light screens, Light stabilisers, Lignin, Limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, - Linear aromatic polyesters, - , - Liquid crystal polyesters, - Liquid crystal polymers, Load-bearing plastics, Lopac, Loss factor, Lubricants, - , - , external, internal, nylon, poly(viny chloride), - Lucite, Luran S, Luranyl, Lutamer, Luvican, Lycra, Lyotropic mesomorphism, Machining operations, Macroblend, Macromolecules, Magnesium stearate, Makrolons, Maleic anhydride, Margard, Markets for plastics, - Martens test, Mass colouration, - Material selection, - computer-aided selection, - data sources, - economic factors affecting choice, - establishing operational requirements, non-computer systems, Maximum service temperature, - MBS polymers, - Mechanical properties acetal resins, - polyethylene, - Medical applications, Melamine, - Melamine-formaldehyde resins, - applications, - laminates, - melamine, G moulding powders, - resinification, - Melamine-phenolic resins, Melinar, Melinex, Melt flow index (MFI), Melt fracture, Melting point, - , - , Melt processing of thermoplastics, - , - crystalline, crystallisation, flow properties, - granule characteristics, hygroscopic behaviour, orientation and shrinkage, - Index thermal properties - affecting cooling, . thermal properties influencing polymer thermal stability, melting, - Melt processing of thermosetting plastics, - Melt viscosity, - , Mercaptans, Merlon T, Mesomorphic materials, Metal deactivators, Metallocene catalysis, - , , ethylene-styrene copolymers, - polyethylenes (m-PE), - , linear low density (m-LLDPE), very low density (m-VLDPE), polypropylenes, isotactic, syndiotactic, syndiotactic, polystyrenes Metal stearates, Meta-phenylenediamine, Methacrylate polymers and copolymers, - Methacrylato-chrome chloride treatments, Methanol, Methocel, Methyl cellulose, Methylaluminoxane (MAO), , ’-Methylenedianiline, Methylene dichloride, Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), Methyl methacrylate, Methyl nadic anhydride VI, Methylsuccinic acid, Mica, Mica marks, Micelles, Microfibrillation, Millable gums, Mindel, Modern Plastics Encyclopaedia, Modifiers, Molar attraction constants, - Molecular weight distribution (MWD), Molecular weights, - , - , - , - , - PTFE, Molecules, Moltopren, Molybdenum disulphide, Molybdenum oxide, Monomers, - , Moplen, Mouldability index, preparation, - , - , - Moulding materials, - Moulding powders, - , - , - Moulding shrinkage, Mowiol, Mowital, Multiblock systems, Mylar, Nafion, Naphthalene, National Bureau of Standards (NBS) smoke Native asphalt, Natural rubber, derivatives, - Natural tack, n-Butane, N-Cyclohexylmaleimide, - Neoflon, Neoprene, Newtonian liquids, - , Ni-Kieselguhr catalysts, Nitrile resins, - Nitrile rubber (NBR), - , Nitrogen-containing resins, - Nitrosofluoroelastomers, Nomex, Non-Newtonian liquids, Nonox WSP, Norbornene, Norsorex, Notched impact strength, Notch sensitivity, Novolak resins, - , Nucleating agents, Nucleation, - Nucleation-temperature curve, Number average degree of polymerisation, Number average molecular weight, Nylon- , - , applications, - , chemical nature, in glass-filled compositions, nucleating agent, processing, Nylon- , applications, Nylon- , applications, Nylon-l , applications, - , chemical nature, processing, applications, processing, auulications. MXD- , chamber test, Noryl, - , NR- , , Nylon- , Nylon- , L . Moulding cbmpositions, - , processing, Index Nylon- , Nylon- , applications, - , in glass-filled compositions, nucleating agent, polymerisation, processing, structure and properties, - , tensile strength, Nylon- / , applications, Nylon- / / , applications, Nylon- , Nylon- , NyIon- , applications, processing, Nylon- , Nylon- , Nylons, - , - , - applications, - general properties, - glass-filled, - glass transition temperature, processing, - Nyrim, Octo-I-ene, Octoates, Olefin addition method, Olefins, Oppanol, Optical properties, relation to structure, - Orevac, Organochlorosilanes, - Organometallic compounds, Organosols, Organo-tin compounds, orientation, - , - biaxial, monaxial, Orientation time, Orlon, Oroglas, Oroglas DR, -Oxazolines, - Oxetane polymers, - Oxidation, Oxidation retarders, - Oxychlorination reaction, Ozone attack, Ozone effects, Ozone layer, P N, Packaging materials, - , pharmaceuticals, Paints, Palmitates, Pantalast L, Paraffins, Paraffin wax, Parel, Parkesine, - , Parkes process, Particle shape, - Particle size, Partitioning, Parylene C , Parylene N, Paste injection moulding, Paste-processes, Pastes, - , - Pebax, Penton, - Perlon U, Permeability, - , Peroxide cross-linking, Peroxide decomposers, Peroxides, Perspex, Petrochemical industry, IO Phenol-aldehyde resins, Phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder applications, - compounding, - processing, - properties, Phenol-formaldehyde mouldings, Phenolic laminates, - applications, - properties, - applications, - chemical aspects, - fibres, foams, Friedel-Crafts and related polymers, - hardening, - manufacture, - moulding powders, - phenolic laminates, - raw materials, - resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives, Phenolic resins, - Phenols, - Phenoxy resins, - Phenylene groups, -Phenylindole, Phillips polymers, Phillips process, - , Phosgenation process, - Phosphates, Phosphites, Photochemical processes, Photochemical radiation, - Photoconductivity, Photodegradants, - , Photophysical processes, Photoresists, Index Phthalates, Phthalic acid, Phthalic anhydride, Piezolectric properties, Pigments: diene rubbers, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, urea-formaldehyde moulding powders, Pilofilm, Pitches, Plascams system, Plastic crystals, Plasticisers, - , - , in moulding powders, nylon, poly(viny chloride), - rubbers, characteristics, degradable, - developments - , - developments since , - fire and, - future for, - markers for, - natural, - raw materials, - vinyl, - Plastics: Plastigels, - Plastisols, - Plate-out, Plex -F, Plexidur, Plexiglas, Plexigum, Pleximid, Pluronic, PNF rubber, Pocan, Polar carboxyl groups, Polar groups, Polarisation charge, Polarity of bonds, - , Polar materials, I Polar theory, Polectron. Polish additives, Pollution, Poly-IF , Poly- F , Polyacetal (polyformaldehyde) resins, Polyacetals, - acetal resins, - aldehyde polymers, applications, - oxetane polymers, - polyethers from glycols and alkylene oxides, - polysulphides, - preparation of formaldehyde, Polyacetylines, Poly(acrylic acid), Polyacrylonitrile, Polyaddition, Polyalkenamers, - Polyamide-imides, - Polyamides, - additives, - applications, - aromatic, - crystalline aromatic, - elastomeric, - enhanced solubility, - general properties of nylons, - glass-clear, - glass-filled nylons, - intermediates for aliphatic polyamides, low molecular weight, polymerisation for aliphatic polyamides, processing of nylons, - structure and properties of aliphatic polyamides, - - - Polyarylates, Polyaryl ether ketones, - Poly-p-benzamide. Polybenzoxazines (PBZs), - Poly(y-benzyl-L-glutamate), Poly- , -bischloromethyloxacyclobutane, Polybiends, - , Polybut-l-ene, - Polybutadiene, - , -Polybutadiene, - I, -Polybutadiene, cis-l, -Polybutadiene, Poly(buty ene terephthalate) (PBT), Polycaprolactones, Polycarbodi-imide resins, - Polycarbonate/ABS grades, Polycarbonate/polyether-imides, Polycarbonate-polybutylene teraphthalate Polycarbonate-polyethylene teraphthalate Polycarbonates, - I atactic, - , alloys (PC-PBT), alloys (PC-PET), alloys based on bis-phenol A applications of bis-phenol A polycarbonates, carbonic ester polymers, - commercial grades, - ester exchange, - general properties, - phosgenation process, - polycarbonates, - - polyester carbonates and block copolymers, - polymer preparation, - Index Polycarbonates-continued processing characteristics, - production of intermediates, - structure and properties, - , Poly(carborane siloxanes), Polychloroacrylates, Polychlorotrifluoroethylenecopolymers Polycrystallinity, Poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethylene Terephthalate-co-isophthalate), - Poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT), - Polycyclohexytethylene (PCHE), PoIy( -dibromo- , -phenylene oxide), - Poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) (PPO), (PCTFE), - - modified, - polyamide, processing and application, structure and properties, - styrenic, - Polydimethylsiloxane rubbers, modified, Polyesteramide BAK resins, Polyester carbonates, - Polyester foams, - Polyester-glass fibre laminates, - Polyester resins, - allyl resins, - curing systems, - diluents, - fibre-forming, - film-forming, - glass fibre laminates, - highly aromatic linear, - laminating, liquid crystal, - moulding compositions, - plasticisers. poly(buty ene terephthalate), - polycaprolactones, poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT), - poly(ethy ene terephthalate) moulding materials, - poly(pivalolactone), - production, - raw materials, - rubbery, saturated acids, - special materials, - structure and properties, surface coatings, - thermoplastic elastomers, - unsaturated, - water-extended polyesters, Polyesteramides, - Polyesters, - one-shot, - linear aromatic, - , - liquid crystal, - Polyetheretherketones (PEEK), Polyether foams, - one-shot, - quasi-prepolymer, Polyether-imides, Polyetherimides, - Polyether prepolymers, - Polyethers, - Polyethylene, - , - elastomeric, - additives, - amorphous density, applications, - , branching, - brittle point, characteristics, chemical properties, - chlorinated, - chlorosulphonated, cross-linked, - crystallinity, crystallisation, SO, density, electrical properties, fillers, flow properties, glass transition temperature, grades, high-density (HDPE), - , - , high molecular weight, light stability, limitations, linear low-density (LLDPE), - , , - film, properties, low-density (LDPE), - low molecular weight, mechanical properties, - melt viscosity, - , molecular weight differences, oxidation, permeability, polarisation, polymerisation, - high-pressure, - interfacial, making linear low-density polyethylene, Phillips process, - , Standard Oil Company (Indiana) process, Ziegler processes, - , , preparation of monomer, processing, - properties of LLDPE and VLDPE, solvents for, structure and properties, - thermal properties, - , ultra-high molecular weight (UHMWPE), Index very high molecular weight (VHMWPE), very low-density (VLDPE), - , viscosity, yield strength, Poly(ethy ene naphthalate) (PEN), - Poly(ethy ene terephthalate) (PET), - , , - glass transition temperature, moulding materials, - Polyflon, Polyformaldehydes, Polyhaloaldehydes, Poly-l, -heptadiyne, Polyhydantoin resins, - Polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers (PHBV), - Polyimides, - Polyisobutylene (PIB), - Polyisocyanurates, - , -Polyisoprene, Polymat PC system, Polymer composites, Polymeric flow promoters, Polymerisation: modified, - addition, free radical, - , initiation stage, - , - , termination stage, aliphatic polyamides, - anionic, bulk, - cationic, condensation, - co-ordination, double bond, emulsion, formaldehyde, - ionic, - living, mass, - number average degree of, PCTFE, - polyethylene, - poly(methy methacrylate), - polytetrafluoroethylene, - poly(viny acetate), - poly(viny chloride) (PVC), - poly(viny fluoride), rearrangement, ring-opening, solution, styrene-based plastics, - suspension, - vinyl chloride polymers, - Polymerisation, addition, propagation or Polymerisation kinetics, Polymerisation methods, Polymerisation temperature, growth stage, Polymer polyols, Polymers: amorphous, brimoddl, co-ordination, - cross-linked, - crystalline, definition, dispersion, electrical conductivity, - , electronic applications, - emulsion, ethylene, fluorine-containing, - granular, heat-resisting, - high, high-temperature, - , inorganic, - intrinsically conductive, - ionically conductive, - ladder, - liquid crystal, living, mass, MBS, - monodisperse, non-polar, - polar, polydisperse, solubility, - spiro, - stereoregular, thermosetting acrylic, - Poly(methacrylimide), - Poly(methy acrylate), Polymethylene, Poly(methy methacrylate), - additives, applications, - copolymerisation, - depolymerisation, dipoles, general properties, - impact strength, melt viscosity, plasticised, polymerisation, - preparation of monomer, - processing, - solubility parameter, I stability, structure and properties, thermal degradation rate, - viscosity, Poly(methy methacrylimides) (PMM), Poly-( -methylpent- I-ene) (P MPI). - applications, general properties, processing, structure and properties, - Index Poly(n-dodecyl methacrylate), Polynorbornene, - Polyolefins, Polyoxacyclobutane, Polyoxymethylene, Poly(parabanic acids), G Poly(pheny ene oxides), alkyl substituted, - halogenated, poly( , -dibromo- , -phenylene oxide), - Polyox, Polyphenylenes, - Poly(pheny ene-sulphides), - Poly-p-phenyline, Poly-@-phenyline sulphide), Polyphthalamide plastics, Poly(pivalolactone), - Polypropylene, - amorphous polyarylene sulphides, additives, - applications, - , - , atactic, - , chlorinated, fillers, isotactic, - linear, optical properties, preparation of, - processing characteristics, - , solvents for, stability, structure and properties, - , - syndiotactic, - Polypropylene adipate, Polypropylene sebacate, Polypyrrole, Polysiloxane-polyetherimide copolymers, Polystyrene, exoanded. - high-impact (HIPS), - impact strength, melt viscosity, molecular weight, oriented, - processing, - solvents for, stereoregular, structure and properties, - syndiotactic, - toughened (TPS), - Polystyrol, Polysulphides, - , - Polysulphones, - applications, - blends, general properties, - processing, structure and properties, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), , - additives, - applications, - chemical reactivity, density, general properties, - molecular weight, polymerisation, - preparation of monomer, processing, - solvents for, stability, structure and properties, - Poly(trimethy ene terephthalate) (P'IT), Polyurethane-acrylic blends, Polyurethane foam, Polyurethanes, - coatings and adhesives, crystalline moulding, - fibres, - flexible foams, - polycarbodi-imide resins, - polyurethane-acrylic blends, rigid and semi-rigid foams, - rubbers, - properties and applications, self-skinning foams and RIM process, thermoplastic, - Poly(viny acetals), - poly(viny butyral), - poly(viny formal), - - Poly(viny acetate) and derivatives, - ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, - polymerisation, - poly(viny acetals), - poly(viny alcohol), - poly(viny cinnamate), - preparation of monomer, - properties and uses, applications, structure and properties, - Poly(viny butyral), - Poly(viny carbazole), - Poly(viny chloride) (PVC), Poly(viny alcohol), - additives, applications, - chlorinated, - compounding ingredients, - copolymers, - copolymers with propylene, crystalline, dipoles, extenders, fillers, - formulations, - glass transition temperature, graft polymers, impact-modified, Index injection moulding, latices, lubricants, - melt viscosity, optical properties, pastes, - pigments, plasticised (PPVC). , - , plasticisers, G- polymeric impact modifiers and processing aids, - polymerisation, - processing, - properties of compounds, - solvents for, stabilisers, - stability, structure, - unplasticised (UPVC), - , - , - Poly(viny cinnamate), - Poly(viny ethers), - Poly(viny fluoride) (PVF), Poly(viny formal), - Poly(viny idene chloride), Poly(viny idene fluoride) (PVDF), Poly-m-xylylene, - Poly-p-xylylene, Postech, Powder moulding techniques, Powder processes, Power factor, Preforming, Prepolymers, polyether, - Prepolymer systems, - Prevulcanisation inhibitors, Primary bonds, Printed circuit board components, Processing: - ABS plastics, - acetal resins, - nylons, - phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder, - polycarbonates, - poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide) (PPO), polyethylene, - poly(methy methacrylate), - poly-( -methylpent- I-ene) (P MPl), polypropylene, - , polystyrene, - polysulphones, polytetrafluoroethylene, - poly(viny chloride) (PVC), - urea-formaldehyde resins, - Processing aids, Processing techniques, - casting processes, melt processing of thermoplastics, - melt processing of thermosetting plastics, poly(viny chloride), - in rubbery state, - solution processes, suspension processes, - Processing temperatures, - , Product design, - - , distortion, voids and frozen-in stress, recovery from deformation, - rigidity of plastics materials, - stress-strain-time behaviour, - toughness, - Propiofan, Propylene, - Propylene glycol, Propylene oxide, Protein plastics, Proton acceptors, Proton donors, Pseudo-elastic design approach, Pseudoplasticity, Pyre ML, Pyro-Chek PB, Pyroelectric properties, Pyromellitic dianhydride IV, copolymers with N-cyclohexylmaleimide, Quacorr RPIOOA, Questra, Quiana, Quinone, Rabinowitsch equation, Radel, Radiation cross-linking, Rafaelite, Rainwear, Rupru Abstracts, Raschig process, Rate constant, Rate of flow, Raw materials, - Reaction injection moulding (RIM) process, Reaction rate, - Recovery from deformation, - Reflectance, Refractive index, - , Regulators, Reinforced reaction injection moulding Reinforcement, Reinforcing fillers, Relative permittivity, Relative temperature index (RTI), - Relaxation time, , - , (RRIM) process, Index Release agents, Rennet. Repulsion effect, Resin XP , Resitol, Resols, - , Resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives, Rexene, Rheopexy, Rhodoviol, Ribbed smoked sheet (RSS), Ricinoleates, Ricinoloxazolinmaleinate, Rigid foams, - Rigidity of plastics materials, - assessment of maximum service temperature, - Rilsan N, Ring products, Ring structures, Rohacell, Rossi-Peakes flow test, Rotatjon about bonds, - Rotational casting methods, Rotational energies, Rotational moulding, - , Rubber-bridge theory, Rubber hydrochloride, Rubbers, - acrylate, - aliphatic olefin, - brominated butyl, butadiene-acronytrile, butadiene-pentadiene, butyl, cast polyurethane, - chlorinated, - chloroprene, - cold, constant-viscosity, cyclised, diene, - dimethylsilicone, epichlorhydrin, ethylene-propylene, - , fluorine-containing, - hot, liquid silicone, - millable gums, modified polydimethylsiloxane, - natural, - , - nitrile, - , polybutadiene, - polypropylene, polyurethanes, - silicone, - styrene-butadiene, - , synthetic, synthetic polyisoprene, - terpolymer, , - thermoplastic, thermoplastic diene, - thermoplastic polyolefin (TPORs), - , thermoplastic polyurethane, - Rubber-to-metal bonding, - Rubbery cyclo-olefin (cyclo-alkene) polymers, - aliphatic polyalkenamers, - chlorine-containing copolymers, polynorbomene, Rubbery materials, - , Rubbery polymers, Rubbones, Rucodor, Runaway reactions,
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Plastics Materials Seventh Edition J. A. Bryd Former Head of the Department of Physical Sciences and Technology, Polytechnic of North London (now known as the University of North London
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Preface to the Seventh Edition Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgements for the Seventh Edition Abbreviations for Plastics and Rubbers The Historical Development of Plastics Materials Natural Plastics Parkesine and Celluloid Developments since Raw Materials for Plastics The Market for Plastics The Future for Plastics The Evolution of the Vinyl Plastics The Chemical Nature of Plastics Introduction Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Behaviour Further Consideration of Addition Polymerisation Ionic polymerisation Ziegler-Natta and metallocene polymerisation Elementary kinetics of free-radical addition polymerisation Condensation Polymerisation States of Aggregation in Polymers Introduction Linear Amorphous Polymers Crystalline Polymers Orientation and crystallisation Liquid crystal polymers Orientation in linear amorphous polymers Cross-linked Structures Polyblends Summary Vvi Contents Relation of Structure to Thermal and Mechanical Properties Introduction Factors Affecting the Glass Transition Temperature Factors Affecting the Ability to Crystallise Factors Affecting the Crystalline Melting Point Some Individual Properties Melt viscosity Yield strength and modulus Density Impact strength Relation of Structure to Chemical Properties Introduction Chemical Bonds Polymer Solubility Plasticisers Extenders Determination of solubility parameter Thermodynamics and solubility Effects of Thermal, Photochemical and High-energy Radiation Chemical Reactivity Aging and Weathering Diffusion and Permeability Toxicity Fire and Plastics Relation of Structure to Electrical and Optical Properties Introduction Electronic Applications of Polymers Electrically Conductive Polymers Optical Properties Appendix-Electrical Testing Dielectric Constant, Power Factor and Structure Some Quantitative Relationships of Dielectrics Additives for Plastics Introduction Fillers Coupling agents Plasticisers and Softeners Lubricants and Flow Promoters Anti-aging Additives Antioxidants Antiozonants Stabilisers against dehydrochlorination Ultraviolet absorbers and related materials Flame Retarders Colorants Blowing Agents Cross-linking Agents Photodegradants -Oxazolines Contents vii Principles of the Processing of Plastics Introduction Melt Processing of Thermoplastics Hygroscopic behaviour Granule characteristics Thermal stability Flow properties . Terminology . Effect of environmental and molecular factors on viscous flow properties . Flow in an injection mould . Elastic effects in polymer melts Thermal properties affecting cooling Crystallisation Orientation and shrinkage Melt Processing of Thermosetting Plastics Processing in the Rubbery State Solution, Suspension and Casting Processes Thermal properties influencing polymer melting Summary Principles of Product Design Introduction Rigidity of Plastics Materials The assessment of maximum service temperature . Assessment of thermal stability . Assessment of softening point The assessment of impact strength Toughness Stress-Strain-Time Behaviour The WLF equations Creep curves Recovery from Deformation Distortion, Voids and Frozen-in Stress Conclusions Practical assessment of long-term behaviour Polyethylene Introduction Preparation of Monomer Polymerisation High-pressure polymerisation Ziegler processes The Phillips process Standard Oil Company (Indiana) process Processes for making linear low-density polyethylene and metallocene polyethylene Structure and Properties of Polyethylene Mechanical properties Thermal properties Chemical properties Electrical properties Properties of metallocene-catalysed polyethylenes Properties of Polyethylene Properties of LLDPE and VLDPE viii Contents Additives Processing Cross-linked Polyethylene Chlorinated Polyethylene Applications Polyethylenes of Low and High Molecular Weight Aliphatic Polyolefins other than Polyethylene, and Diene Rubbers Polypropylene Preparation of polypropylene Properties of isotactic polypropylene Additives for isotactic polypropylene Processing characteristics Applications Atactic and syndiotactic polypropylene Chlorinated polypropylene Atactic polybut- -ene Structure and properties of polypropylene Polybut- -ene Polyisobutylene Poly-( -methylpent-l-ene) Structure and properties General properties Processing Applications Other Aliphatic Olefin Homopolymers Copolymers Containing Ethylene Ethylene-cyclo-olefin copolymers Diene Rubbers Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymers (ECO) Natural rubber Synthetic polyisoprene (IR) Polybutadiene Styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) . ‘High styrene resins’ Nitrile rubber (NBR) Chloroprene rubbers (CR) Butadiene-pentadiene rubbers Thermoplastic Diene Rubbers Aliphatic Olefin Rubbers Rubbery Cyclo-olefin (Cyclo-alkene) Polymers Thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers . Aliphatic polyalkenamers . Polynorbomene . Chlorine-containing copolymers , -Polybutadiene .I Ethylene-styrene copolymers Other elastomers Vinyl Chloride Polymers Introduction Preparation of Vinyl Chloride Polymerisation Structure of Poly(viny chloride) Characterisation of commercial polymers Compounding Ingredients Stabilisers Plasticisers Extenders Lubricants Fillers Pigments Miscellaneous additives Formulations Properties of PVC Compounds Processing Plasticised PVC Unplasticised PVC Pastes Copolymers Latices Applications Miscellaneous Products Crystalline PVC Chlorinated PVC Graft polymers based on PVC Vinyl chloride-propylene copolymers Vinyl chloride-N-cyclohexylmaleimide copolymers Polymeric impact modifiers and processing aids Fluorine-containing Polymers Introduction Polytetrafluoroethylene I Preparation of monomer Polymerisation Structure and properties General properties Processing Additives Applications Tetrafluoroethylene-Hexafluoropropylene Copolymers Tetrafluoroethylene-Ethylene Copolymers (ETFE) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polymers (PCTFE) Poly(viny fluoride) (PVF) Poly(viny idene fluoride) Hexafluoroisobutylene-Vinylidene Fluoride Copolymers Fluorine-containing Rubbers Thermoplastic fluoroelastomers Miscellaneous Fluoropolymers Poly(viny acetate) and its Derivatives Introduction Poly(viny acetate) and Copolymers with Ethylene (ECTFE) Other Plastics Materials Containing Tetrafluoroethylene Preparation of the monomer Polymerisation Properties and uses Structure and properties Applications Poly(viny alcohol) Contents ix x Contents The Poly(viny acetals) Poly(viny formal) Poly(viny acetal) Poly(viny butyral) Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymers Poly(viny cinnamate) Other Organic Vinyl Ester Polymers Acrylic Plastics Introduction Poly(methy methacrylate) Preparation of monomer Polymerisation Structure and properties Additives Processing Applications Methyl Methacrylate Polymers with Enhanced Impact Resistance and Softening Point Nitrile Resins Acrylate Rubbers Thermosetting Acrylic Polymers Acrylic Adhesives Hydrophilic Polymers Poly(methacry imide) Miscellaneous Methacrylate and Chloroacrylate Polymers and Copolymers Other Acrylic Polymers General properties of poly(methy methacrylate) Plastics Based on Styrene Introduction Preparation of the Monomer Laboratory preparation Commercial preparation Polymerisation Mass polymerisation Solution polymerisation Suspension polymerisation Emulsion polymerisation Grades available Properties and Structure of Polystyrene General Properties High-impact Polystyrenes (HIPS) (Toughened Polystyrenes (TPS)) Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers ABS Plastics Production of ABS materials Processing of ABS materials Miscellaneous Rubber-modified Styrene- Acrylonitrile and Related Copolymers Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymers Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymers Miscellaneous Polymers and Copolymers Stereoregular Polystyrene . Syndiotactic polystyrene Properties and applications of ABS plastics Contents xi Processing of Polystyrene Expanded Polystyrene . Structural foams Oriented Polystyrene Applications Miscellaneous Vinyl Thermoplastics Introduction Vinylidene Chloride Polymers and Copolymers Vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers Properties and applications of vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers Coumarone-Indene resins Poly(viny carbazole) Poly(viny pyrrolidone) Poly(viny ethers) Other Vinyl Polymers Polyamides and Polyimides Polyamides: Introduction Intermediates for Aliphatic Polyamides Adipic acid Hexamethylenediamine Caprolactam w-Aminoundecanoic acid w-Aminoenanthic acid Dodecanelactam Polymerisation of Aliphatic Polyamides Nylon Nylon Nylon Nylon Structure and Properties of Aliphatic Polyamides General Properties of the Nylons Additives Glass-filled Nylons Processing of the Nylons Applications Polyamides of Enhanced Solubility Other Aliphatic Polyamides Aromatic Polyamides . Glass-clear polyamides . Crystalline aromatic polyamides Sebacic acid and Azelaic acid Nylons , and Comparison of nylons and in glass-filled compositions . Poly-rn-xylylene adipamide . Aromatic polyamide fibres . Polyphthalamide plastics Polyimides Modified Polyimides . Polyamide-imides . Polyetherimides Elastomeric Polyamides Polyesteramides- xii Contents Polyacetals and Related Materials Introduction Preparation of Formaldehyde Acetal Resins Polymerisation of formaldehyde Properties of acetal resins Processing Additives Acetal-polyurethane alloys Polyethers from Glycols and Alkylene Oxides Elastomeric polyethers Structure and properties of acetal resins Applications of the acetal polymers and copolymers Miscellaneous Aldehyde Polymers Oxetane Polymers Polysulphides Introduction Production of Intermediates Polymer Preparation Polycarbonates Ester exchange Phosgenation process Relation of Structure and Properties Variations in commercial grades General Properties Processing Characteristics Miscellaneous Carbonic Ester Polymers Other Thermoplastics Containing p-Phenylene Groups Applications of Bis-phenol A Polycarbonates Alloys based on Bis-phenol A Polycarbonates Polyester Carbonates and Block Copolymers Introduction Polyphenylenes Pol y-p-xylylene Poly(pheny ene oxides) and Halogenated Derivatives Alkyl Substituted Poly(pheny ene oxides) including PPO Structure and properties of Styrenic PPOs Processing of styrenic PPOs Polyamide PPOs Poly( , -dibromo-l, -phenyleneoxide) Polyphenylene Sulphides Amorphous polyarylene sulphides Pol ysulphones General properties of polysulphones Processing of polysulphones Applications Blends based on polysulphones Polyarylether Ketones Phenoxy Resins Linear Aromatic Polyesters poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide) (PPO) Processing and application of PPO Blends based in polyphenylene oxides Properties and structure of polysulphones Contents xiii Polyhydantoin Resins Poly(parabanicacids) Summary Cellulose Plastics Cellulose Esters Nature and Occurrence of Cellulose Cellulose nitrate Cellulose acetate Other cellulose esters Ethyl cellulose Miscellaneous ethers Cellulose Ethers Regenerated Cellulose Vulcanised Fibre Phenolic Resins Introduction Raw Materials Phenol Other phenols Aldehydes Chemical Aspects Novolaks Resols Resin Manufacture Moulding Powders Compounding ingredients Compoundingof phenol-formaldehyde moulding compositions Processing characteristics Properties of phenolic mouldings Applications The properties of phenolic laminates Applications of phenolic laminates MiscellaneousApplications Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Adhesives Friedel-Crafts and Related Polymers Phenolic Resin Fibres Polybenzoxazines Aminoplastics Introduction Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Raw materials Theories of resinification U-F moulding materials Adhesives and related uses Foams and firelighters Other applications Melamine Resinification Moulding powders Laminates containing melamine-formaldehyde resin Miscellaneous applications Hardening Phenolic Laminates Melamine-Formaldehyde Resinsxiv Contents Melamine-Phenolic Resins Aniline-Formaldehyde Resins Resins Containing Thiourea Polyesters Introduction Unsaturated Polyester Laminating Resins Selection of raw materials Production of resins Curing systems Structure and properties Polyester-glass fibre laminates Water-extended polyesters Allyl resins Polyester Moulding Compositions Fibre-forming and Film-forming Polyesters Poly(ethy ene terephthalate) Moulding Materials Poly(ethy ene naphthalate) (PEN) Poly(buty ene terephthalate) Poly(trimethy ene terephthalate) Poly-( , -~yclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT) Poly-( , -~yclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalateco-isophthalate) Highly Aromatic Linear Polyesters Liquid crystal polyesters Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers Poly(pivalo actone) Polycaprolactones Surface Coatings, Plasticisers and Rubbers Epoxide Resins Introduction Preparation of Resins from Bis-phenol A Curing of Glycidyl Ether Resins Amine hardening systems Acid hardening systems Miscelfaneous hardener systems Comparison of hardening systems Miscellaneous glycidyl ether resins Non-glycidyl ether epoxides Diluents, Flexibilisers and other Additives Structure and Properties of Cured Resins Miscellaneous Epoxide Resins Applications Introduction Isocyanates Rubbers Polyurethanes and Polyisocyanurates Fibres and Crystalline Moulding Compounds Cast polyurethane rubbers Millable gums Properties and applications of cross-linked polyurethane rubbers Thermoplastic polyurethane rubbers and Spandex fibres Flexible Foams One-shot polyester foams Polyether prepolymers Contents xv Quasi-prepolymer polyether foams Polyether one-shot foams Properties and applications of flexible foams Self-skinning foams and the RIM process Rigid and Semi-rigid Foams Coatings and Adhesives Polyisocyanurates Polycarbodi-imide Resins Polyurethane-Acrylic Blends Miscellaneous Isocyanate-Based Materials Furan Resins Introduction Preparation of Intermediates Resinification Applications Properties of the Cured Resins Silicones and Other Heat-resisting Polymers Introduction Nomenclature The Grignard method The direct process The olefin addition method Sodium condensation method Rearrangement of organochlorosilanes General Methods of Preparation and Properties of Silicones Preparation General properties Applications Preparation Properties Applications Dimethylsilicone rubbers Modified polydimethylsiloxane rubbers Compounding Fabrication and cross-linking Properties and applications Liquid silicone rubbers Polysiloxane-polyetherimide copolymers Polymers for use at High Temperatures Fluorine-containing polymers Inorganic polymers Cross-linked organic polymers Co-ordination polymers Summary Nature of chemical bonds containing silicon Preparation of Intermediates Silicone Fluids Silicone Resins Silicone Rubbers Linear polymers with p-phenylene groups and other ring structures Ladder polymers and spiro polymers xvi Contents Miscellaneous Plastics Materials Introduction Casein Chemical nature Isolation of casein from milk Production of casein plastics Properties of casein Applications Miscellaneous Protein Plastics Derivatives of Natural Rubber Shellac Gutta Percha and Related Materials Occurrence and preparation Chemical composition Properties Applications Composition and properties Amber Bituminous Plastics Selected Functional Polymers Introduction Thermoplastic Elastomers Polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers (PHBV) Intrinsically Electrically Conducting Polymers (ICPs) Applications of thermoplastic elastomers The future for thermoplastic elastomers Degradable Plastics The future for degradable plastics Material Selection Introduction Establishing Operational Requirements Material Data Sources Economic Factors Affecting Material Choice Computer-aided selection A Simple Mechanistic Non-computer Selection System A Simple Pathway-based Non-computer Selection System Appendix Index Index ABS plastics, - processing, - production, - properties and applications, ABSPVC blends, Acetal-polyurethane alloys, Acetal resins, - , - additives, - applications, - electrical insulation properties, mechanical properties, - polymerisation of formaldehyde, - processing, - structure and properties, - thermal properties, - Acetone, Acetylene, Acetyl tributyl citrate, Achieve range, Acid hardening systems, - Acrilan, Acry-ace, Acrylate rubbers, - Acrylic plastics, - acrylate rubbers, - acrylic adhesives, - chloroacrylate polymers and copolymers, hydrophilic polymers, methacrylate and chloroacrylate polymers methacrylate polymers and copolymers, - nitrile resins, - poly(methacrylimide), - poly(methy methacrylate), - thermosetting acrylic polymers, - - and copolymers, - Acryloid, Acrylonitrile, Acsium, Activators, Acyclic aliphatic resins, - Addition polymerisation, - see Polymerisation, addition Additive method, Additives. - acetal resins, - anti-aging, - , antistatic, blowing agents, - , colorants, - , coupling agents, - cross-linking agents, - epoxide resins, - fillers, - , flame retarders, - , - , flow promoters, - fungicides, heat stabilisers, isotactic polypropylene, G I light stabilisers, lubricants, - , nucleating agents, -Oxazolines, - photodegradants, - plasticisers, - , polish, polyamides, - polyethylene, - poly(methy methacrylate), polypropylene, - polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), - poly(viny chloride), reinforcing fillers, softeners, - , structure control, see also under specific types , Index Adhesives: acrylic, - hot setting, polyurethane, resorcinol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde resins, - Adipic acid, Adiprene C. , Aerodux, Aflas, Aflon, Aggregation states, - AFT- , cross-linked structures, - crystalline polymers, - linear amorphous polymers, - polyblends, - Aging, Agriculture, Air-dried sheet (ADS), Alcoholysis, Alcryn, Aldehydes, Algoflan, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Aliphatic olefin rubbers, - Aliphatic polyalkenamers, - Aliphatic polyamides, - thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers, - adipic acid, w-aminoenanthic acid, - w-aminoundecanoic acid, azelaic acid, - caprolactam, - dodecanelactam, - hexamethylenediamine, intermediates for, - polymerisation, - sebacic acid, - structure and properties, - aliphatic olefin rubbers, - copolymers containing ethylene, - diene rubbers, - poly-( -methylpent- -me), - polybut-l-ene, - I , -polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, - polypropylene, - rubbery cyclo-olefin (cyclo-akene) thermoplastic diene rubbers, - see also Polyethylene Aliphatic polyolefins, - polymers, - Alkali metals, Alkon, Alkyd moulding compositions, - N-Alkyl compounds, Alkyl, -cyanoacrylate, Alkylene oxides, - n-Alkyl groups, Alkyl lithium, Allyl resins, - Alphanol, Alternating copolymers, Aluminium chloride, Aluminium hydroxide, Aluminium stearate, Aluminium triethyl, Amber, - Ambroid, Amine flexibilisers, - Amine hardening systems, - , Amines, Aminocrotonates, w-Aminoenanthic acid, - Aminoplastics, - composition and properties, - aniline-formaldehyde resins, - melamine-formaldehyde resins, - melamine-phenolic resins, thiourea resins, - urea-formaldehyde resins, - w-Aminoundecanoic acid, Amorphous density, Amorphous non-polar polymers, Amorphous polar polymers, Amorphous polyarylene sulphides, Amorphous polymers, cooling rates, - density, elastic moduli, - glass transition temperature, - , impact strength, - linear, - orientation, - optical properties, solubility, yield strength, - Amorphous resins, Anaerobic acrylic adhesives, Aniline-formaldehyde resins, - Anisotropic behaviour, Anti-aging additives, - , antioxidants, - antiozonants, stabilisers against dehydrochlorination, ultraviolet absorbers and related materials, - Anti-blocking agents, Antimony oxide, - , Antioxidants, - , - , chain-breaking, - in polypropylene, preventive, Antiozonants, Antiplasticisation, APE, Apec HT, Applications: ABS plastics, acetal resins, - his-phenol A polycarbonates, - casein, cellulose acetate, - Index cellulose nitrate, epoxide resins, - flexible foams, - furan resins, - isotactic polypropylene, - melamine-formaldehyde resins, - nylons, - , phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder, phenolic laminates, - phenolic resins, - polyacetals, - polyamides, - poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide) (PPO), polyethylene, - , poly(methy methacrylate), - poly-( -methylpent-l-ene), polypropylene, - , - polysulphones, - polytetrafluoroethylene, - polyurethane rubbers, - poly(viny alcohol), poly(viny chloride) (PVC), - shellac, - silicone fluids, - silicone resins, - silicone rubbers, - styrene-based plastics, - styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), thermoplastic elastomers, - urea-formaldehyde resins, - , - vinyl chloride polymers, - - Aramid fibres, - , Arc resistance, Ardel, Ardil, Ametal, Amite, Arnitel, Amite PBTP, Amite PETP, Aromatic diamines, Aromatic polyamide fibres, - Aromatic polycarbonates, Aromatic polyester, Aromatic polyimides, Arrhenius equation, Arylef, Arylon T, Aryloxa, Asbestos, Asphaltites, A-stage resins, - Asterite, ASTM D , ASTM D - , ASTM D , ASTM D , ASTM D - , ASTM D , Astrel, Atactic structures, A-Tell, Auto-acceleration effect, Automotive industry, Autoxidation, Average kinetic chain length, Azelaic acid, - Azodi-isobutyronitrile, B , Bakelite, Balanced process, Balata, Barex, Barytes, BASF process, Basic lead carbonate (white lead), Bayblend, Baymid, Baypren, BDS K-resin, Bead processes, - Beckamides, Bell test, Benzene, Benzene rings, Benzoates, Benzoyl peroxide, Benzyl cellulose, Beta-conidendrol, Biapen, Biaxial orientation, Biaxial stretching, Binary copolymers, Biocellat, Bioceta, Biodegradable plastics, Biodegradation, - Biomax , Biopol, Birefringence methods, Bis-phenol A polycarbonates, , alloys based on, - applications, - glass transition temperature, Bitumen, - , - Bituminous plastics, - Biuret links, Bleeding, Block copolymers, - , - Blocking, Blooming, Blowing agents, - , Blow moulding, Blown film processes, Blow-up ratio, Bond bending, Bond dissociation energies, Index Bond stretching, Boron trifluoride, Bouncing putty, Branching, - Brownian motion, BS, softening point, BS, flow test, BS, B-stage resins, - Buna N., Buna S., Burning rate, Buss Ko-Kneader, Butachlor, Butacite, Buta- , -diene, Butadiene, Butadiene-Pentadiene rubbers, Butadiene-styrene block copolymers, - Butadiene-styrene resins, Cadmium-barium systems, Cadon, Calcium carbide, Calcium carbonate, Calcium oxide, Calcium silicate, Calcium stearate, Calendering, Camphor, Campus system, Capacitance, I Capacity factor, Caprolactam, - Carbanions, Carbon black, as conductive filler, in polyethylene, - , as ultraviolet absorber, Carbon fibres, Carbonic ester polymers, G Carbonium ions, Carbon tetrachloride, Carbowax, Carboxyl groups, Cariflex TR, Carilon, Casein, - applications, chemical nature, - isolation from milk, - production, - properties, - Casting processes, Cast phenolic resins, Catalysts. Celanex, Celanix, Celcon, Cellidor B. Cell nucleating agents, Cellophane, Cell stabilisers, Celluloid, - , structure and properties, - Cellulose, regenerated, - Cellulose acetate, - , - applications, - biodegradable compounds, compounding, - preparation, - primary, properties, - secondary, Cellulose acetate-butyrate (CAB), Cellulose acetate-propionate, Cellulose caprate, - Cellulose esters, - cellulose acetate, - cellulose acetate-butyrate (CAB), cellulose acetate-propionate, cellulose caprate, - cellulose nitrate, - cellulose propionate, Cellulose ethers, - ethyl cellulose, - Cellulose nitrate, - applications, manufacture of celluloid sheets, - preparation, - structure and properties of celluloid, - Cellulose plastics, - cellulose esters, - cellulose ethers, - ethyl cellulose, - nature and occurrence of cellulose, - regenerated cellulose, vulcanised fibre, Cellulose propionate, Cellulosics, Chain branching, Chain coiling, - Chain degradation, Chain ends, - Chain flexibility, Chain growth, Chain mobility, Chain separation, Chain stiffness, Chain transfer, Chain transfer agents, Chain uncoiling, - , Charpy test, - Chelating agents, Chemical blowing agents, Chemical bonds, - Chemical nature of plastics, - addition polymerisation, - condensation polymerisation, thermoplastic and thermosetting behaviour, - - Index Chemical properties, - aging and weathering, chemical bonds, - chemical reactivity, - diffusion and permeability, - effects of thermal, photochemical and high-energy radiation, - fire and plastics, - polymer solubility, - toxicity, - Chemical reactivity, - Chewing gum, Chicle, Chill-roll process, Chipboard, Chlorendic anhydride, Chloroacrylate polymers and copolymers, - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Chloroform, Chloroprene rubbers (CR), - Chlorosulphonated polyethylene (Hypalon), . Chlorosulphonated polyethylenes, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Clausius-Mosotti equation, Clays, Coal tar, Coatings, Cobalt naphthenate, Cocatalysts, Cohesive energy density, Coining, Coke, Cold cure process, Cold-drawing process, Cold flex temperature, Cold forming, Cold moulding process, Collodion, Colorants, - Colour-forming groups, Combustion, Comonomers, Composites, Compression moulding, - , Computer-aided material selection, - Condensers, Conduction charge, Congo red test, Constant-viscosity rubbers, Constrained geometry homogeneous catalysts, , Contact resins, Continuous Use Temperature Rating or Index, Cooling rates, - Copolymerisation, with ethylene, - poly(methy methacrylate), - butadiene-styrene, - Copolymers, - chlorine-containing, ethylene, ethylene-acrylic acid, ethylene-carbon monoxide, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, ethylene-styrene, - ethylene-vinyl alcohol, - , hexafluoroisobutylene-vinylidenefluoride, multiblock, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV), poly(viny chloride) (PVC), - , styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-butadiene, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene (ETFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene, - - styrene-maleic anhydride, , triblock, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride-vinyl acrylonitrile, vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride, - Co-ordinate bonds, Cotton linters, Coumarone-indene resins, - Counter-current mixing, Coupling agents, - I Covalent bonds, Cracking, Crack propagation, Crastin, Crazing, - Creep, Creep curves, - Creep-temperature relationships, Cresols, - , Crinothene, Critical point, Critical shear rate, Critical shear stress, Cross-linked structures, - , Cross-linking, - , - , cast polyurethane rubbers, - heat-fugitive, rate, silicone rubbers, - Cross-linking agents, - , Crystal densities, Crystalline aromatic polyamides, - Crystallinew melting point, - Crystalline polymers, - liquid crystal polymers, orientation and crystallisation, - Crystallinity, polyethylene, Crystallisation, - , factors affecting, - , Crystallisation rate-temperature curve, Crystallites, C-stage resins, - Index Cumene process, Cyclic aliphatic resins, - Cyclohexamone peroxide, Cyclohexane, Cycoloy, Dacron, Dai-el, Debye equation, Decomposition, Deflection temperature under load test, Deformation, Deformation-time curves, Degradable plastics, - , polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers (PHBV), - Degradation, Degree of substitution, Dehydrochlorination, Dehydrochlorination stabilisers, Dehydrogenation, Delrin, Density, Dentures, Derakane vinyl esters, Deretron, Deroton, Dexsil, Diacryl, Diakon, Diakon MX, Diallyl isophthalate (DAIP), Diallyl phthalate (DAP), Diamar, Diamines, Diaminophenyl sulphone, Diaphanyl phthalate (DAP), Diazomethane, Dibasic acid, Dibasic lead phosphite, Dibasic lead phthalate, Dibasic lead stearate, Dibenzyl ether, Dibutyl phthalate, Dibutyl sebacate (DBS), Dibutyltin di-iso-octylthioglycollate, Dibutyltin dilaurate, Dibutyltin maleate, Dicumyl peroxide, Dielectric constant, - , Dielectric constant-frequency curve, Dielectric constant-temperature curve, Dielectrics, quantitative relationships, - Dielectric strength. Diels-Alder reactions, Diene rubbers, - butadiene-pentadiene rubbers, chloroprene rubbers (CR), - natural rubbers, - nitrile rubber (NBR), - ozone degradation, polybutadiene, - styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), - synthetic polyisoprene, - thermoplastic, Die swell, Diethylaminopropylamine, Diethylenetriamine, Diethyl hexyl phthalate, Diethyl phthalate, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Diffusion, - Diglycidyl ether resins, Dihalides, Di-isobutyl phthalate, Di-isocyanates, Di-isodecyl phthalate, Di-iso-octyl phthalate (DIOP), Dilatancy, Diluents, - Dimers, Dimethacrylates, Dimethylaminopropylaine, Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Dimethylsilicone rubbers, DIN, DIN, Dinonyl phthalate (DNP), Dioctyl sebacate (DOS), Diols, , -Dioxolane, Diphenylmethane di-isocyanates, - Diphenylurea, Dipole forces, Dipole moments, Dipole orientation, - Dipole polarisation, Dispersion forces, Dissipation factor, Distortion, - Disubstituted ethylenes, Ditridecyl phthalate, Divinylbenzene, Dodecanelactam, - Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, Dodecyl mercaptan, Doping, - Dorlastan, Dormagen process, Dough moulding compounds, - Dow ‘Log’ process, Dow-Taga process, Draw-down ratio, Duracon, Durel, Durethan U, Dyflor, Dylarc, Dymotape, Dynagen XP- , Ebonite, - Ecoflex, Ekkcel, Index Ekkcel C- , Ekkcel - , Ekonol P- , Ekonol T- , Ektar PCTG, Elastic deformations, Elasticity, I Elastic moduli, - Elastic turbulence, Elastomer-modified thermoplastics, see Electrical insulation properties, also Thermoplastic elastomers , acetal resins, Electrically conductive polymers, Electrical properties, Electrical testing, Electronegativity values, Electronic applications of polymers, - Electron polarisation, Electrovalent bonds, Elvanol, Elvax, Engel process, Engineering plastics, Entanglements, Enthalpy, - Entropy, Entropy change, Entropy of fusion, Environmental stress cracking, - , EPDM rubbers, Epichlorhydrin rubbers, Epoxide resins, - acyclic aliphatic, - additives, - applications, - curing of glycidyl ether resins, - cyclic aliphatic, - diluents, - flexibilisers, - hardening systems, - miscellaneous, - nitrogen-containing, - non-glycidyl ether, - preparation from bis-phenol A, - structure and properties, Epoxidised oils, Estane, Ester exchange, - Ester linkage, Ethanol, Ethyl acrylate, Ethyl alcohol, Ethylbenzene, - Ethyl cellulose, - Ethylene-cyclo-olefin copolymers, Ethylene, polyethylene, , chlorinated, copolymerisation, - copolymers, - monosubstituted, polymers, Ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymers, Ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycollate, Ethylene dichloride, Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers, Ethylene glycol, Ethylene oxide, Ethylene-propylene rubbers, - , Ethylene-styrene copolymers, - Ethylene-styrene interpolymers (ESIs), Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) plastics, Ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers, Extenders, poly(viny chloride), Extrusion, - Extrusion moulding, Eypel F, - , - , - , Falling weight tests, Fibre-resin preform mouldings, Fibrides, Fillers, - , inert, particulate, - , polyethylene, - polypropylene, poly(viny chloride), - reinforcing particulate, Film, - Film extrusion processes, Film tapes, - Finaclear, Fire, - Firelighters, Firemaster, Fire retardants, FKM rubbers, - Flame retarders, - , - , , in foams, - in nylon, in polyethylene, Flammability performance standards, Flexible foams, - one-shot polyester foams, - polyether foams, - polyether prepolymers, - properties and applications, - Flow path ratio, - Flow promoters, - Flow properties, - factors, - effects of environmental and molecular Index Flow properties-continued elastic effects in polymer melts, - in injection mould, - terminology, - Flow temperature, Fluidised-bed techniques, Fluon, Fluorel , Fluorine-containing polymers, - ethylene copolymers, - fluorine-containing rubbers, - hexafluoroisobutylenevinylidenefluoride polychlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers, polytetrafluoroethylene, - poly(viny fluoride), poly(viny idene fluoride), - tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers, tetrafluoroethy lene-hexafluoropropylene copolymers, - copolymers, Fluoro compounds, Fluoroelastomers, - Fluoroprene, Fluororubbers, Fluorosilicones, Foams flexible, - rigid and semi-rigid, - urea-formaldehyde resins, - Footwear, Foraflon, Formaldehyde, - polymerisation, - preparation, Formica, Formolisation, - Fomvar, Forticel, Fortron, Fracture initiation stress, Free energy change, Free energy equation, Free radicals, Freeze-line distance, - FriedelLCrafts agents, Friedel-Crafts and related polymers, Fringed crystallite theory, Fringed micelle theory, Frozen-in stress, Fumaric acid, Functionality, Fungicides, Furane plastics, Furan resins, - applications, - preparation of intermediates, - properties of cured resins, resinification, I -I addition polymerisation, - , - Furfural, - Furfuryl alcohol, - Furukawa process, Gasoline, Gauche form, Gelatine, Gel effect, Gel point, Gelvatol, Generic Temperature Index, Gilsonite, Glass-clear polyamides, - Glass fibre, Glass-like polymers, Glass transition temperature, - , - , , amorphous polymers, and dipole polarisation, - factors affecting, - , nylons, polyethylene, poly(ethy ene terephthalate) (PET), Glassy resins, Glassy state, Gloss, Glycerol, Glycidyl adducts, Glycidyl ether resins, - acid hardening systems, - amine hardening systems, - , curing, - miscellaneous, - Graft polymers, Gramophone records, Granule characteristics, - Graphite, Greases, Grignard method, - Grilamid ELY, Grilamid TR , Growth-temperature curve, GR-S (Government Rubber-Styrene), Gutta percha, - Glycols, - related materials, - Halar, Halon, Halophosphates, Hardening systems, - , - Haze, Heat deflection temperature under load test (HDT test), Heat distortion temperature test, Heat stabilisers, Heat stability, Henecke machine, - , Index Henry’s law, Herclor C, Herclor H, Heterogeneous nucleation, Hexafluoroisobutylene-vinylidene fluoride Hexahydrophthalic anhydride, Hexamethyleneadipamide, @ Hexamethylenediamine, Hexamethylenesebacamide, - Hexamethyleneterephthalamide, - High-energy radiation, - , High-frequency heating, High-impact polystyrene (HIPS), High-styrene resins, High-temperature polymers, - , co-ordination, - cross-linked organic, - fluorine-containing, - inorganic, - ladder, - linear with p-phenylene groups and other spiro, - copolymers, , - ring structures, - High-vinyl polybutadienes, Hipertuf, Hitachi process, Hivalloy, HM- , Homogeneous nucleation, Homopolymers, Horticulture, Hostaflon C , Hostaflon ET, Hostaflon PFA-N, Hostaflon TF, Hostaflon TFB, Hostaflon TFM, Hostaform, Hostalit LP HT , Hostamid, I Hostatec, Hot melt compositions, Hot moulding process, Housings, H-resin, Hycar x , Hycar I , Hydrin, Hydrocarbon radicals, - Hydrofluoric acid, Hydrogenated nitrile rubbers, - Hydrogenated SBS triblock polymers, Hydrogen bonding, - , Hydrogen bonding theory, Hydrolysis, Hydrophilic polymers, Hydroquinone, Hydroxethyl cellulose, p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, Hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, Hydroxyl groups, primary, secondary, Hydroxypropyl cellulose, Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, Hygroscopic behaviour, Hypalon, Hytrel, Icdal Ti , IEC - - Glow Wire Test, IEC - - Needle Flame Test, Igamid IC, lgepal CA, Ignition, I-Gummi, Impact modifiers, - , Impact strength, - , - , assessment of, - Impact tests, - Impingement mixing, Impurities, Induction forces, Injection moulding, and compression moulding, - cooling rates, - flow process, - , PMMA, - polypropylene, polystyrene, PVC, Inorganic resin, Intensity factor, Interchain attraction, Intermolecular forces, - International Electrotechnical Commission International Standards Organisation (ISO), Interpenetrating polymer networks, Intrinsically electrically conducting polymers Ionic bonds, Ionic cross-linking, Ionic polymerisation, - Ionomers, - , Iron dithiocarbamate, IS , IS , Isocyanates, - , Iso-free volume, ris, trans Isomerism, Isophthalic acid (IPA), Isoprene, Isopropenyl, -oxazoline (IPO), Isopropyl tri(diocty pyrophosphate) titanate, Isotactic polypropylene, - (IEC), (ICPs), - additives, - applications, - Index Isotactic polypropylene-continlred processing characteristics, - properties, - Isotactic structures, Ivoride, Ixef, Izod impact strength, Izod test, - , Jelutong, Kaladex, Kalrez, Kamex, Kapton, KES PIasrics package, Kel-F, Kematal, I Kennel, Ketonex, Kevlar, - KF, Kinel, KKF data base, Klucel, Knife handles, Kodar, Kodar PETG, Kodel, Kraft papers, Kraton G, K-resins, Krytox, K-values, - Kynar, Kynol, Lac, - Ladder polymers, - Laminates, - , - , - Lanital, Latices, - , Lead orthosilicates, Lead salicylate, Lead silicate, Lead stearate, Levapren, Levapren , Lewis acid, Lexan, Light energy, Light magnesium carbonate, Light screens, Light stabilisers, Lignin, Limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, - Linear aromatic polyesters, - , - Liquid crystal polyesters, - Liquid crystal polymers, Load-bearing plastics, Lopac, Loss factor, Lubricants, - , - , external, internal, nylon, poly(viny chloride), - Lucite, Luran S, Luranyl, Lutamer, Luvican, Lycra, Lyotropic mesomorphism, Machining operations, Macroblend, Macromolecules, Magnesium stearate, Makrolons, Maleic anhydride, Margard, Markets for plastics, - Martens test, Mass colouration, - Material selection, - computer-aided selection, - data sources, - economic factors affecting choice, - establishing operational requirements, non-computer systems, Maximum service temperature, - MBS polymers, - Mechanical properties acetal resins, - polyethylene, - Medical applications, Melamine, - Melamine-formaldehyde resins, - applications, - laminates, - melamine, G moulding powders, - resinification, - Melamine-phenolic resins, Melinar, Melinex, Melt flow index (MFI), Melt fracture, Melting point, - , - , Melt processing of thermoplastics, - , - crystalline, crystallisation, flow properties, - granule characteristics, hygroscopic behaviour, orientation and shrinkage, - Index thermal properties - affecting cooling, . thermal properties influencing polymer thermal stability, melting, - Melt processing of thermosetting plastics, - Melt viscosity, - , Mercaptans, Merlon T, Mesomorphic materials, Metal deactivators, Metallocene catalysis, - , , ethylene-styrene copolymers, - polyethylenes (m-PE), - , linear low density (m-LLDPE), very low density (m-VLDPE), polypropylenes, isotactic, syndiotactic, syndiotactic, polystyrenes Metal stearates, Meta-phenylenediamine, Methacrylate polymers and copolymers, - Methacrylato-chrome chloride treatments, Methanol, Methocel, Methyl cellulose, Methylaluminoxane (MAO), , ’-Methylenedianiline, Methylene dichloride, Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), Methyl methacrylate, Methyl nadic anhydride VI, Methylsuccinic acid, Mica, Mica marks, Micelles, Microfibrillation, Millable gums, Mindel, Modern Plastics Encyclopaedia, Modifiers, Molar attraction constants, - Molecular weight distribution (MWD), Molecular weights, - , - , - , - , - PTFE, Molecules, Moltopren, Molybdenum disulphide, Molybdenum oxide, Monomers, - , Moplen, Mouldability index, preparation, - , - , - Moulding materials, - Moulding powders, - , - , - Moulding shrinkage, Mowiol, Mowital, Multiblock systems, Mylar, Nafion, Naphthalene, National Bureau of Standards (NBS) smoke Native asphalt, Natural rubber, derivatives, - Natural tack, n-Butane, N-Cyclohexylmaleimide, - Neoflon, Neoprene, Newtonian liquids, - , Ni-Kieselguhr catalysts, Nitrile resins, - Nitrile rubber (NBR), - , Nitrogen-containing resins, - Nitrosofluoroelastomers, Nomex, Non-Newtonian liquids, Nonox WSP, Norbornene, Norsorex, Notched impact strength, Notch sensitivity, Novolak resins, - , Nucleating agents, Nucleation, - Nucleation-temperature curve, Number average degree of polymerisation, Number average molecular weight, Nylon- , - , applications, - , chemical nature, in glass-filled compositions, nucleating agent, processing, Nylon- , applications, Nylon- , applications, Nylon-l , applications, - , chemical nature, processing, applications, processing, auulications. MXD- , chamber test, Noryl, - , NR- , , Nylon- , Nylon- , L . Moulding cbmpositions, - , processing, Index Nylon- , Nylon- , applications, - , in glass-filled compositions, nucleating agent, polymerisation, processing, structure and properties, - , tensile strength, Nylon- / , applications, Nylon- / / , applications, Nylon- , Nylon- , NyIon- , applications, processing, Nylon- , Nylon- , Nylons, - , - , - applications, - general properties, - glass-filled, - glass transition temperature, processing, - Nyrim, Octo-I-ene, Octoates, Olefin addition method, Olefins, Oppanol, Optical properties, relation to structure, - Orevac, Organochlorosilanes, - Organometallic compounds, Organosols, Organo-tin compounds, orientation, - , - biaxial, monaxial, Orientation time, Orlon, Oroglas, Oroglas DR, -Oxazolines, - Oxetane polymers, - Oxidation, Oxidation retarders, - Oxychlorination reaction, Ozone attack, Ozone effects, Ozone layer, P N, Packaging materials, - , pharmaceuticals, Paints, Palmitates, Pantalast L, Paraffins, Paraffin wax, Parel, Parkesine, - , Parkes process, Particle shape, - Particle size, Partitioning, Parylene C , Parylene N, Paste injection moulding, Paste-processes, Pastes, - , - Pebax, Penton, - Perlon U, Permeability, - , Peroxide cross-linking, Peroxide decomposers, Peroxides, Perspex, Petrochemical industry, IO Phenol-aldehyde resins, Phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder applications, - compounding, - processing, - properties, Phenol-formaldehyde mouldings, Phenolic laminates, - applications, - properties, - applications, - chemical aspects, - fibres, foams, Friedel-Crafts and related polymers, - hardening, - manufacture, - moulding powders, - phenolic laminates, - raw materials, - resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives, Phenolic resins, - Phenols, - Phenoxy resins, - Phenylene groups, -Phenylindole, Phillips polymers, Phillips process, - , Phosgenation process, - Phosphates, Phosphites, Photochemical processes, Photochemical radiation, - Photoconductivity, Photodegradants, - , Photophysical processes, Photoresists, Index Phthalates, Phthalic acid, Phthalic anhydride, Piezolectric properties, Pigments: diene rubbers, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, urea-formaldehyde moulding powders, Pilofilm, Pitches, Plascams system, Plastic crystals, Plasticisers, - , - , in moulding powders, nylon, poly(viny chloride), - rubbers, characteristics, degradable, - developments - , - developments since , - fire and, - future for, - markers for, - natural, - raw materials, - vinyl, - Plastics: Plastigels, - Plastisols, - Plate-out, Plex -F, Plexidur, Plexiglas, Plexigum, Pleximid, Pluronic, PNF rubber, Pocan, Polar carboxyl groups, Polar groups, Polarisation charge, Polarity of bonds, - , Polar materials, I Polar theory, Polectron. Polish additives, Pollution, Poly-IF , Poly- F , Polyacetal (polyformaldehyde) resins, Polyacetals, - acetal resins, - aldehyde polymers, applications, - oxetane polymers, - polyethers from glycols and alkylene oxides, - polysulphides, - preparation of formaldehyde, Polyacetylines, Poly(acrylic acid), Polyacrylonitrile, Polyaddition, Polyalkenamers, - Polyamide-imides, - Polyamides, - additives, - applications, - aromatic, - crystalline aromatic, - elastomeric, - enhanced solubility, - general properties of nylons, - glass-clear, - glass-filled nylons, - intermediates for aliphatic polyamides, low molecular weight, polymerisation for aliphatic polyamides, processing of nylons, - structure and properties of aliphatic polyamides, - - - Polyarylates, Polyaryl ether ketones, - Poly-p-benzamide. Polybenzoxazines (PBZs), - Poly(y-benzyl-L-glutamate), Poly- , -bischloromethyloxacyclobutane, Polybiends, - , Polybut-l-ene, - Polybutadiene, - , -Polybutadiene, - I, -Polybutadiene, cis-l, -Polybutadiene, Poly(buty ene terephthalate) (PBT), Polycaprolactones, Polycarbodi-imide resins, - Polycarbonate/ABS grades, Polycarbonate/polyether-imides, Polycarbonate-polybutylene teraphthalate Polycarbonate-polyethylene teraphthalate Polycarbonates, - I atactic, - , alloys (PC-PBT), alloys (PC-PET), alloys based on bis-phenol A applications of bis-phenol A polycarbonates, carbonic ester polymers, - commercial grades, - ester exchange, - general properties, - phosgenation process, - polycarbonates, - - polyester carbonates and block copolymers, - polymer preparation, - Index Polycarbonates-continued processing characteristics, - production of intermediates, - structure and properties, - , Poly(carborane siloxanes), Polychloroacrylates, Polychlorotrifluoroethylenecopolymers Polycrystallinity, Poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethylene Terephthalate-co-isophthalate), - Poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT), - Polycyclohexytethylene (PCHE), PoIy( -dibromo- , -phenylene oxide), - Poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) (PPO), (PCTFE), - - modified, - polyamide, processing and application, structure and properties, - styrenic, - Polydimethylsiloxane rubbers, modified, Polyesteramide BAK resins, Polyester carbonates, - Polyester foams, - Polyester-glass fibre laminates, - Polyester resins, - allyl resins, - curing systems, - diluents, - fibre-forming, - film-forming, - glass fibre laminates, - highly aromatic linear, - laminating, liquid crystal, - moulding compositions, - plasticisers. poly(buty ene terephthalate), - polycaprolactones, poly-( , )-cyclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate) (PCT), - poly(ethy ene terephthalate) moulding materials, - poly(pivalolactone), - production, - raw materials, - rubbery, saturated acids, - special materials, - structure and properties, surface coatings, - thermoplastic elastomers, - unsaturated, - water-extended polyesters, Polyesteramides, - Polyesters, - one-shot, - linear aromatic, - , - liquid crystal, - Polyetheretherketones (PEEK), Polyether foams, - one-shot, - quasi-prepolymer, Polyether-imides, Polyetherimides, - Polyether prepolymers, - Polyethers, - Polyethylene, - , - elastomeric, - additives, - amorphous density, applications, - , branching, - brittle point, characteristics, chemical properties, - chlorinated, - chlorosulphonated, cross-linked, - crystallinity, crystallisation, SO, density, electrical properties, fillers, flow properties, glass transition temperature, grades, high-density (HDPE), - , - , high molecular weight, light stability, limitations, linear low-density (LLDPE), - , , - film, properties, low-density (LDPE), - low molecular weight, mechanical properties, - melt viscosity, - , molecular weight differences, oxidation, permeability, polarisation, polymerisation, - high-pressure, - interfacial, making linear low-density polyethylene, Phillips process, - , Standard Oil Company (Indiana) process, Ziegler processes, - , , preparation of monomer, processing, - properties of LLDPE and VLDPE, solvents for, structure and properties, - thermal properties, - , ultra-high molecular weight (UHMWPE), Index very high molecular weight (VHMWPE), very low-density (VLDPE), - , viscosity, yield strength, Poly(ethy ene naphthalate) (PEN), - Poly(ethy ene terephthalate) (PET), - , , - glass transition temperature, moulding materials, - Polyflon, Polyformaldehydes, Polyhaloaldehydes, Poly-l, -heptadiyne, Polyhydantoin resins, - Polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate copolymers (PHBV), - Polyimides, - Polyisobutylene (PIB), - Polyisocyanurates, - , -Polyisoprene, Polymat PC system, Polymer composites, Polymeric flow promoters, Polymerisation: modified, - addition, free radical, - , initiation stage, - , - , termination stage, aliphatic polyamides, - anionic, bulk, - cationic, condensation, - co-ordination, double bond, emulsion, formaldehyde, - ionic, - living, mass, - number average degree of, PCTFE, - polyethylene, - poly(methy methacrylate), - polytetrafluoroethylene, - poly(viny acetate), - poly(viny chloride) (PVC), - poly(viny fluoride), rearrangement, ring-opening, solution, styrene-based plastics, - suspension, - vinyl chloride polymers, - Polymerisation, addition, propagation or Polymerisation kinetics, Polymerisation methods, Polymerisation temperature, growth stage, Polymer polyols, Polymers: amorphous, brimoddl, co-ordination, - cross-linked, - crystalline, definition, dispersion, electrical conductivity, - , electronic applications, - emulsion, ethylene, fluorine-containing, - granular, heat-resisting, - high, high-temperature, - , inorganic, - intrinsically conductive, - ionically conductive, - ladder, - liquid crystal, living, mass, MBS, - monodisperse, non-polar, - polar, polydisperse, solubility, - spiro, - stereoregular, thermosetting acrylic, - Poly(methacrylimide), - Poly(methy acrylate), Polymethylene, Poly(methy methacrylate), - additives, applications, - copolymerisation, - depolymerisation, dipoles, general properties, - impact strength, melt viscosity, plasticised, polymerisation, - preparation of monomer, - processing, - solubility parameter, I stability, structure and properties, thermal degradation rate, - viscosity, Poly(methy methacrylimides) (PMM), Poly-( -methylpent- I-ene) (P MPI). - applications, general properties, processing, structure and properties, - Index Poly(n-dodecyl methacrylate), Polynorbornene, - Polyolefins, Polyoxacyclobutane, Polyoxymethylene, Poly(parabanic acids), G Poly(pheny ene oxides), alkyl substituted, - halogenated, poly( , -dibromo- , -phenylene oxide), - Polyox, Polyphenylenes, - Poly(pheny ene-sulphides), - Poly-p-phenyline, Poly-@-phenyline sulphide), Polyphthalamide plastics, Poly(pivalolactone), - Polypropylene, - amorphous polyarylene sulphides, additives, - applications, - , - , atactic, - , chlorinated, fillers, isotactic, - linear, optical properties, preparation of, - processing characteristics, - , solvents for, stability, structure and properties, - , - syndiotactic, - Polypropylene adipate, Polypropylene sebacate, Polypyrrole, Polysiloxane-polyetherimide copolymers, Polystyrene, exoanded. - high-impact (HIPS), - impact strength, melt viscosity, molecular weight, oriented, - processing, - solvents for, stereoregular, structure and properties, - syndiotactic, - toughened (TPS), - Polystyrol, Polysulphides, - , - Polysulphones, - applications, - blends, general properties, - processing, structure and properties, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), , - additives, - applications, - chemical reactivity, density, general properties, - molecular weight, polymerisation, - preparation of monomer, processing, - solvents for, stability, structure and properties, - Poly(trimethy ene terephthalate) (P'IT), Polyurethane-acrylic blends, Polyurethane foam, Polyurethanes, - coatings and adhesives, crystalline moulding, - fibres, - flexible foams, - polycarbodi-imide resins, - polyurethane-acrylic blends, rigid and semi-rigid foams, - rubbers, - properties and applications, self-skinning foams and RIM process, thermoplastic, - Poly(viny acetals), - poly(viny butyral), - poly(viny formal), - - Poly(viny acetate) and derivatives, - ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, - polymerisation, - poly(viny acetals), - poly(viny alcohol), - poly(viny cinnamate), - preparation of monomer, - properties and uses, applications, structure and properties, - Poly(viny butyral), - Poly(viny carbazole), - Poly(viny chloride) (PVC), Poly(viny alcohol), - additives, applications, - chlorinated, - compounding ingredients, - copolymers, - copolymers with propylene, crystalline, dipoles, extenders, fillers, - formulations, - glass transition temperature, graft polymers, impact-modified, Index injection moulding, latices, lubricants, - melt viscosity, optical properties, pastes, - pigments, plasticised (PPVC). , - , plasticisers, G- polymeric impact modifiers and processing aids, - polymerisation, - processing, - properties of compounds, - solvents for, stabilisers, - stability, structure, - unplasticised (UPVC), - , - , - Poly(viny cinnamate), - Poly(viny ethers), - Poly(viny fluoride) (PVF), Poly(viny formal), - Poly(viny idene chloride), Poly(viny idene fluoride) (PVDF), Poly-m-xylylene, - Poly-p-xylylene, Postech, Powder moulding techniques, Powder processes, Power factor, Preforming, Prepolymers, polyether, - Prepolymer systems, - Prevulcanisation inhibitors, Primary bonds, Printed circuit board components, Processing: - ABS plastics, - acetal resins, - nylons, - phenol-formaldehyde moulding powder, - polycarbonates, - poly-( , -dimethyl-p-phenyleneoxide) (PPO), polyethylene, - poly(methy methacrylate), - poly-( -methylpent- I-ene) (P MPl), polypropylene, - , polystyrene, - polysulphones, polytetrafluoroethylene, - poly(viny chloride) (PVC), - urea-formaldehyde resins, - Processing aids, Processing techniques, - casting processes, melt processing of thermoplastics, - melt processing of thermosetting plastics, poly(viny chloride), - in rubbery state, - solution processes, suspension processes, - Processing temperatures, - , Product design, - - , distortion, voids and frozen-in stress, recovery from deformation, - rigidity of plastics materials, - stress-strain-time behaviour, - toughness, - Propiofan, Propylene, - Propylene glycol, Propylene oxide, Protein plastics, Proton acceptors, Proton donors, Pseudo-elastic design approach, Pseudoplasticity, Pyre ML, Pyro-Chek PB, Pyroelectric properties, Pyromellitic dianhydride IV, copolymers with N-cyclohexylmaleimide, Quacorr RPIOOA, Questra, Quiana, Quinone, Rabinowitsch equation, Radel, Radiation cross-linking, Rafaelite, Rainwear, Rupru Abstracts, Raschig process, Rate constant, Rate of flow, Raw materials, - Reaction injection moulding (RIM) process, Reaction rate, - Recovery from deformation, - Reflectance, Refractive index, - , Regulators, Reinforced reaction injection moulding Reinforcement, Reinforcing fillers, Relative permittivity, Relative temperature index (RTI), - Relaxation time, , - , (RRIM) process, Index Release agents, Rennet. Repulsion effect, Resin XP , Resitol, Resols, - , Resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives, Rexene, Rheopexy, Rhodoviol, Ribbed smoked sheet (RSS), Ricinoleates, Ricinoloxazolinmaleinate, Rigid foams, - Rigidity of plastics materials, - assessment of maximum service temperature, - Rilsan N, Ring products, Ring structures, Rohacell, Rossi-Peakes flow test, Rotatjon about bonds, - Rotational casting methods, Rotational energies, Rotational moulding, - , Rubber-bridge theory, Rubber hydrochloride, Rubbers, - acrylate, - aliphatic olefin, - brominated butyl, butadiene-acronytrile, butadiene-pentadiene, butyl, cast polyurethane, - chlorinated, - chloroprene, - cold, constant-viscosity, cyclised, diene, - dimethylsilicone, epichlorhydrin, ethylene-propylene, - , fluorine-containing, - hot, liquid silicone, - millable gums, modified polydimethylsiloxane, - natural, - , - nitrile, - , polybutadiene, - polypropylene, polyurethanes, - silicone, - styrene-butadiene, - , synthetic, synthetic polyisoprene, - terpolymer, , - thermoplastic, thermoplastic diene, - thermoplastic polyolefin (TPORs), - , thermoplastic polyurethane, - Rubber-to-metal bonding, - Rubbery cyclo-olefin (cyclo-alkene) polymers, - aliphatic polyalkenamers, - chlorine-containing copolymers, polynorbomene, Rubbery materials, - , Rubbery polymers, Rubbones, Rucodor, Runaway reactions,
كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net The Unzip Password : books-world.net أتمنى أن تستفيدوا من محتوى الموضوع وأن ينال إعجابكم رابط من موقع عالم الكتب لتنزيل كتاب Plastics Materials رابط مباشر لتنزيل كتاب Plastics Materials
عدل سابقا من قبل Admin في الإثنين 27 ديسمبر 2021, 9:27 pm عدل 3 مرات |
| | | ABO ELDEEB مهندس تحت الاختبار
عدد المساهمات : 1 تاريخ التسجيل : 16/05/2012
| موضوع: رد: كتاب Plastics Materials الأربعاء 16 مايو 2012, 12:32 am | |
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م احمد السلام عليكم بكل اسف الرابط لا يعمل |
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عدد المساهمات : 19002 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009
| موضوع: رد: كتاب Plastics Materials الخميس 17 مايو 2012, 2:33 pm | |
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- ABO ELDEEB كتب:
- م احمد السلام عليكم بكل اسف الرابط لا يعمل
وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاتهتم تعديل الرابط
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| | | hmoo مهندس تحت الاختبار
عدد المساهمات : 1 تاريخ التسجيل : 22/07/2013
| موضوع: رد: كتاب Plastics Materials الخميس 25 يوليو 2013, 5:47 pm | |
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| | | Admin مدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 19002 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009
| موضوع: رد: كتاب Plastics Materials الجمعة 26 يوليو 2013, 2:13 am | |
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- hmoo كتب:
- الروارط لاتعمل
تم تعديل الرابط وإذا وجدت أى رابط أخر لا يعمل نرجو ترك رد فى الموضوع وسيتم تعديله على الفور إن شاء الله |
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| موضوع: رد: كتاب Plastics Materials الأحد 10 أغسطس 2014, 5:48 pm | |
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| | | Admin مدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 19002 التقييم : 35506 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: رد: كتاب Plastics Materials الأحد 10 أغسطس 2014, 11:02 pm | |
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- محمد محمد أحمد كتب:
- جزاك الله خيرا
جزانا الله وإياك خيراً |
| | | Hesham999 مهندس تحت الاختبار
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| موضوع: رد: كتاب Plastics Materials الإثنين 19 يوليو 2021, 10:39 pm | |
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