Admin مدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 19002 التقييم : 35506 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering - Fourth Edition الجمعة 19 أبريل 2024, 2:21 am | |
|
أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering - Fourth Edition Jonathan Wickert Iowa State University Kemper Lewis University at Buffalo — SUNY Australia - Brazil - Mexico - Singapore - United Kingdom - United States
و المحتوى كما يلي :
CHAPTER 1 The Mechanical Engineering Profession 1 Student’s Preface xi Instructor’s Preface xiii About the Authors xxi Contents 1.1 Overview 1 The Elements of Mechanical Engineering 2 1.2 What Is Engineering? 4 1.3 Who Are Mechanical Engineers? 10 Mechanical Engineering’s Top Ten Achievements 11 The Future of Mechanical Engineering 18 1.4 Career Paths 20 1.5 Typical Program of Study 22 Summary 26 Self-Study and Review 26 Problems 27 References 30 CHAPTER 2 Mechanical Design 31 2.1 Overview 31 2.2 The Design Process 35 Requirements Development 39 Conceptual Design 40 Detailed Design 41 Production 46 2.3 Manufacturing Processes 49 Summary 56 Self-Study and Review 57 Problems 57 References 62vi Contents 3.1 Overview 63 3.2 General Technical Problem-Solving Approach 68 3.3 Unit Systems and Conversions 69 Base and Derived Units 70 International System of Units 70 United States Customary System of Units 73 Converting Between the SI and USCS 77 3.4 Significant Digits 82 3.5 Dimensional Consistency 83 3.6 Estimation in Engineering 94 3.7 Communication Skills in Engineering 98 Written Communication 99 Graphical Communication 101 Technical Presentations 102 Summary 107 Self-Study and Review 107 Problems 108 References 115 CHAPTER 3 Technical Problem-Solving and Communication Skills 63 CHAPTER 4 Forces in Structures and Machines 116 4.1 Overview 116 4.2 Forces in Rectangular and Polar Forms 118 Rectangular Components 119 Polar Components 120 4.3 Resultant of Several Forces 121 Vector Algebra Method 122 Vector Polygon Method 123 4.4 Moment of a Force 127 Perpendicular Lever Arm Method 128 Moment Components Method 129 4.5 Equilibrium of Forces and Moments 135 Particles and Rigid Bodies 135 Free Body Diagrams 137 4.6 Design Application: Rolling-Element Bearings 145 Summary 153 Self-Study and Review 154Contents vii CHAPTER 5 Materials and Stresses 171 CHAPTER 7 Thermal and Energy Systems 282 5.1 Overview 171 5.2 Tension and Compression 173 5.3 Material Response 182 5.4 Shear 193 5.5 Engineering Materials 198 Metals and Their Alloys 199 Ceramics 200 Polymers 201 Composite Materials 202 5.6 Factor of Safety 207 Summary 211 Self-Study and Review 213 Problems 214 References 226 CHAPTER 6 Fluids Engineering 227 6.1 Overview 227 6.2 Properties of Fluids 230 6.3 Pressure and Buoyancy Force 237 6.4 Laminar and Turbulent Fluid Flows 244 6.5 Fluid Flow in Pipes 248 6.6 Drag Force 254 6.7 Lift Force 264 Summary 270 Self-Study and Review 272 Problems 272 References 281 7.1 Overview 282 7.2 Mechanical Energy, Work, and Power 284 Gravitational Potential Energy 284 Elastic Potential Energy 285 Problems 155 References 170viii Contents Kinetic Energy 285 Work of a Force 286 Power 286 7.3 Heat as Energy in Transit 291 Heating Value 292 Specific Heat 294 Transfer of Heat 295 7.4 Energy Conservation and Conversion 304 7.5 Heat Engines and Efficiency 308 7.6 Internal-Combustion Engines 313 Four-Stroke Engine Cycle 314 Two-Stroke Engine Cycle 317 7.7 Electrical Power Generation 319 Summary 329 Self-Study and Review 330 Problems 331 References 338 CHAPTER 8 Motion and Power Transmission 339 8.1 Overview 339 8.2 Rotational Motion 341 Angular Velocity 341 Rotational Work and Power 343 8.3 Design Application: Gears 348 Spur Gears 348 Rack and Pinion 352 Bevel Gears 353 Helical Gears 354 Worm Gearsets 355 8.4 Speed, Torque, and Power in Gearsets 357 Speed 357 Torque 359 Power 360 8.5 Simple and Compound Geartrains 360 Simple Geartrain 360 Compound Geartrain 362 8.6 Design Application: Belt and Chain Drives 368 8.7 Planetary Geartrains 374 Summary 382Contents ix Self-Study and Review 383 Problems 384 References 395 APPEnDIx A Greek Alphabet 396 APPEnDIx B Trigonometry Review 397 B.1 Degrees and Radians 397 B.2 Right Triangles 397 B.3 Identities 398 B.4 Oblique Triangles 399 InDEx 400400 Index A ABET. See U.S. Department of Labor engineering description, 4–5, 9 Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), 24 Adjustable wrench moment of a force example, 132–135 Aerial refueling dimensional consistency example, 84–86 Aerodynamics, 265, 269 Agricultural mechanization, engineering achievement of, 14 Air Canada Flight 143, 66–67, 70 Air conditioning and refrigeration, engineering achievement of, 15–16 Aircraft cabin door estimation example, 96–97 Aircraft fuel capacity pressure of fluids example, 239–240 Airfoil, 266 Airplane, engineering achievement of, 14–15 Air resistance, bicycle rider’s drag force example, 259–261 Alloying, 199 Amazon, 9 Angle of attack, 266 Angular velocity, 341–343 Angular velocity conversions example, 344 Apollo program, engineering achievement of, 13 Apple, Inc., 9 Approximation, 64 Assumptions, 68–69 Automobile, engineering achievement of, 12 Automobile wheel bearings rolling-element bearings design application example, 151–152 Automotive disk brakes conservation and conversion of energy example, 307–308 Automotive engine power example, 347–348 Automotive fuel line fluid flow example, 252–254 B Back-of-an-envelope estimates, 94 Balanced geartrain, 376 Ball bearings, 146 Band saw, 53 Base units, USCS, 74 Belt and chain drives, design application, 368–374 chain drives, 369 computer scanner example, 370–372 sheave, 368 synchronous rotation, 369 timing belt, 369 treadmill belt drive example, 372–374 V-belt, 368 Bernoulli’s equation, 267 Bevel gears, 353 Bioengineering, engineering achievement of, 17–18 Blood flow and pressure, 252 Blowdown, 316 Bolt clamp tension and compression example, 178–180 Bottom dead center, 316 British thermal unit (Btu), 285, 292 Btu. See British thermal unit (Btu) Buoyancy force of fluids, 237–243 deep submergence rescue vehicle example, 240–241 great white shark attack example, 242–243 C Cable tie-down resultant example, 123–126 Cage, 146 Cam, 314–315 Carnot efficiency, ideal, 312 Carrier, 374 Casting, 50 Ceramics, 200–201 Chain drives, 369 Clerk engine cycle, 318 Clevis joint shear example, 196–198 Codes and standards, engineering achievement of, 18 Coefficient of drag, 254 Coefficient of lift, 268 Communication skills in engineering, 98–106 effective communication, 104 graphical communication, 101–102 ineffective communication, 102–103 technical presentations, 102 written communication, 99–101, 104–106Index 401 Composite materials, 202–203 Compound geartrains, 362–364, 366–367 money changer geartrain example, 366–367 vehicle design advancements, 364 Compression ratio, 316 Computer-aided engineering technology, engineering achievement of, 16–17 Computer scanner belt and chain drive example, 370–372 Conceptual design, 40 Condenser, 321 Conduction, 295 Conservation and conversion of energy, 304–308 automotive disk brakes example, 307–308 first law of thermodynamics, 304–305 hydroelectric power plant example, 305–306 system, 304 Control lever resultant example, 126–127 Convection, 297–298 Convergent thinking, 40 Conversion between SI and USCS units, 77–79 engine power rating example, 79 fire sprinkler example, 79–80 helium-neon lasers example, 80–81 Conversion of energy. See Conservation and conversion of energy Cooling fan for electronics example, 345–346 Crossed helical gears, 354 Crowdsourcing innovative energy solutions, 328 Customized production, 55 D Deep submergence rescue vehicle buoyancy force of fluids example, 240–241 Derived units, USCS, 76 Design, 31–62 detailed design, 41–47 innovation, 36–38 manufacturing processes, 50–55 National Academy of Engineering (NAE) Grand Challenges, 31–33 overview, 31–33 process, 35–49 product archeology, 34–35 production, 47 Design notebook, 100 Design patents, 42–43 Design process, 35–49 conceptual design, 40 detailed design, 41–47 global design teams, 48–49 requirements development, 39–40 Detailed design, 41–47 design patents, 42–43 documentation, 42 iteration, 41 patents, 42–45 rapid prototyping, 45–47 simplicity, 41 usability, 41 Diametrical pitch, 351 Differential, 377–378 Dimensional consistency, 83–93 aerial refueling example, 84–86 drill bit bending example, 89–91 elevator acceleration example, 91–93 orbital debris collision example, 86–88 Dimensionless numbers, 247 Direction, 120 Divergent thinking, 40 Documentation, 42 Double shear, 195 Drag force, 254–264 air resistance, bicycle rider’s example, 259–261 coefficient of drag, 254 engine oil viscosity example, 261–264 frontal area of fluid flow, 255 golf ball in flight example, 257–259 relative velocity, 256 Drill bit bending dimensional consistency example, 89–91 Drill press, 52 Drill rod quenching energy in transit example, 301–302 Ductility, 199–200 E Efficiency and heat engines, 308–313 Elastic behavior, 174 Elastic limit, 185 Elastic modulus, 184 Elastic potential energy, 285 Elastic regions, 182 Elastomers, 201 Electrical power generation, 319–328 condenser, 321 crowdsourcing innovative energy solutions, 328 power plant emission example, 326–327 primary loop, 320 pump, 321 Rankine cycle, 321 secondary loop, 320 solar-power generator design example, 323–325 steam generator, 321 thermal pollution, 320 turbine, 321 Elevator acceleration dimensional consistency example, 91–93402 Index Elevator power requirement example, 290–291 Elongation, 176 Energy systems, 282–338 conservation and conversion of energy, 304–308 electrical power generation, 319–328 heat as energy in transit, 291–303 heat engines and efficiency, 308–313 internal-combustion engines, 313–319 mechanical energy, work, and power, 284–291 overview, 282–284 Engineering achievements, 11–18 agricultural mechanization, 14 air conditioning and refrigeration, 15–16 airplane, 14–15 Apollo program, 13 automobile, 12 bioengineering, 17–18 codes and standards, 18 computer-aided engineering technology, 16–17 integrated-circuit mass production, 15 power generation, 13 Engineering failure analysis, 138 Engineering materials, 198–206 ceramics, 200–201 composite materials, 202–203 metals and alloys, 199–200 new material design, 203–204 polymers, 201–202 minimization of weight, selecting materials example, 204–206 Engineering reports, 100–101 Engine fuel consumption example, 299–300 Engine oil viscosity drag force example, 261–264 Engine power rating conversion example, 79 Engine value, 314 Equilibrium of forces and moments, 135–145 engineering failure analysis, 138 force balance, 136 forklift load capacity example, 143–145 free body diagrams, 137 independent equations, 137 moment balance, 136 particle, 135 rigid body, 135–136 seat belt buckle example, 139–141 wire cutters example, 141–143 Estimation, 94–98 aircraft’s cabin door example, 96–97 back-of-an-envelope estimates, 94 human power generation example, 97–98 importance of, 95 order-of-magnitude estimates, 94 External gear, 349 Extreme environments, tension and compression in, 180–181 Extrusion, 51 F Factor of safety, 207–210 gear-to-shaft connection design example, 208–210 Fire sprinkler conversion example, 79–80 First law of thermodynamics, 304–305 Flow, fluids, 231 Fluids engineering, 227–281 buoyancy force of fluids, 237–243 design of micro and macro systems, 233–234 dimensionless numbers, 247 drag force, 254–264 flow, fluids, 231 laminar fluid flow, 244–247 lift force, 264–269 machine tool guideways example, 235–237 microfluidics, 228 Newtonian fluid, 233 no-slip condition, 232 overview, 227–230 pipes, fluid flow in, 248–254 poise, 233 pressure of fluids, 237–243 properties, 230–237 Reynolds number, 245–247 turbulent fluid flow, 244–247 viscosity, 232–233 Foot-pound, 75 Foot-pound-second system, 73 Force, 193 Force balance, 136 Forced convection, 298 Forces, 116–170 equilibrium of forces and moments, 135–145 moment of a force, 127–135 overview, 116–118 polar components, 120–121 rectangular components, 119–120 resultant of several forces, 121–127 rolling-element bearings design application, 145–152 Force, shear, 193 Force system, 121 Forging, 51 Forklift load capacity equilibrium of forces and moments example, 143–145 Form factor, 377 Fourier’s law, 296 Four-stroke engine cycle, 314–317 blowdown, 316 bottom dead center, 316 cam, 314–315Index 403 compression ratio, 316 engine value, 314 Otto cycle, 316 top dead center, 316 Free body diagrams, 137 Frontal area of fluid flow, 255 Fuel cells, 311 Fundamental property of gearsets, 351 G Gears, design application, 348–357 bevel gears, 353 helical gears, 354–355 nanomachines, 356–357 rack and pinion, 352–353 self-locking gearsets, 356 spur gears, 348–352 worm gearsets, 355–356 Gearset, 349 Gear-to-shaft connection factor of safety design example, 208–210 Geothermal energy, 311 Global design teams, 48–49 Global energy consumption, 296–297 Golf ball in flight drag force example, 257–259 Google/Skybox imaging, 8 Grand Challenges, NAE, 31–33 Graphical communication, 101–102 Gravitational acceleration, 284 Gravitational potential energy, 284–285 Great white shark attack buoyancy example, 242–243 H Hanger rod tension and compression example, 177–178 Head-to-tail rule, 123 Heat as energy in transit, 291–303 drill rod quenching energy in transit example, 301–302 engine fuel consumption example, 299–300 heating value, 291–293 heat loss through a window example, 302–303 household energy consumption example, 298–299 latent heat, 295 quenching, 294 specific heat, 293–295 tempering, 294 transfer of heat, 295–298 Heat engines and efficiency, 308–313 heat engine, 308 heat reservoir, 309 ideal Carnot efficiency, 312 Kelvin (K), 312 Rankine (°R), 312 real efficiency, 309 renewable energy, 310–311 second law of thermodynamics, 312 Heating value, 291–293 Heat loss through a window example, 302–303 Heat reservoir, 309 Helical gears, 354–355 crossed helical gears, 354 helix angle, 354 Helium-neon lasers conversion example, 80–81 Helix angle, 354 Hooke’s law, 182 Horsepower, 75 Household energy consumption example, 298–299 Human power generation estimation example, 97–98 Hydroelectric power plant conservation and conversion of energy example, 305–306 Hydropower, 311 I Ideal Carnot efficiency, 312 Idler gear, 362 Independent equations, 137 Inner races, 146 Instantaneous power, 343 Integrated-circuit mass production, engineering achievement of, 15 Internal-combustion engines, 313–319 four-stroke engine cycle, 314–317 power curve, 314 two-stroke engine cycle, 317–319 Internal force, 174 International system of units (SI), 70–72 prefix, 72 prototype meter, 71 second law of motion, 71 SI conventions, 72–73 standard kilogram, 71 Involute profile, 351 Iteration, 41 J Jet aircraft kinetic energy example, 289–290 Journal bearing, 145–146 K K. See Kelvin (K) Kelvin (K), 312 Kilowatt-hour (kW·h), 285, 320 Kinetic energy, 285–286 kW·h. See Kilowatt-hour (kW·h) L Laminar fluid flow, 244–247 Latent heat, 295 Lathe, 53–54 Lift force, 264–269 aerodynamics, 265, 269 airfoil, 266 angle of attack, 266 Bernoulli’s equation, 267 coefficient of lift, 268 shock wave, 266 wind tunnel, 265 Line of action, 128–129404 Index M Machine tool guideways fluids example, 235–237 Machining, 52 Magnitude, 120 Manufacturing processes, 50–55 band saw, 53 casting, 50 customized production, 55 drill press, 52 extrusion, 51 forging, 51 lathe, 53–54 machining, 52 milling machine, 53 numerical control, 55 rolling, 50–51 Mars Climate Orbiter (MCO), 64–66, 70, 98–99 Mass and weight, 76 Mass production, 47 Material response to stress, 182–193 elastic limit, 185 elastic modulus, 184 elastic regions, 182 Hooke’s law, 182 materials testing machine, 185–187 offset (0.2%) method, 187–188 plastic regions, 182 Poisson’s ratio, 184 proportional limit, 182 rod stretching example, 191–193 stiffness, 182 stress-strain curve, 182 U-bolt dimensional changes example, 189–190 ultimate strength, 185 yielding, 185 yield strength, 185 Young’s modulus, 184 Materials, 171–173, 182–193, 198–213 engineering materials, 198–206 factor of safety, 207–210 overview, 171–173 response to stress, 182–193 Materials testing machine, 185–187 MCO. See Mars Climate Orbiter (MCO) Mechanical energy, work, and power, 284–291 elastic potential energy, 285 elevator power requirement example, 290–291 gravitational acceleration, 284 gravitational potential energy, 284–285 jet aircraft kinetic energy example, 289–290 kinetic energy, 285–286 power, 286–287 power conversion factor example, 287 U-bolt, potential energy stored in, example, 288 work of a force, 286 Mechanical engineering, 1–30 career opportunities, 21 career paths, 20–22 communication skills, role of, 21–22 elements, 2–3 employment, 5–7, 9–10 engineering achievements, 11–18 future, 18–19 jobs, 8–9 overview, 1–3 profession, 4–11, 20–23 program of study, 22–23 skills required, 23–25 specialties, 7 U.S. Department of Labor description, 4–5, 9 Metals and alloys, 199–200 alloying, 199 ductility, 199–200 Micro and macro systems design, 233–234 Microfluidics, 228 Milling machine, 53 Minimization of weight, selecting engineering materials example, 204–206 Module, 351 Moment balance, 136 Moment components method, 129–130 moment sign convention, 129 Moment of a force, 127–135 adjustable wrench example, 132–135 moment components method, 129–130 moment sign convention, 129 open-ended wrench example, 130–132 perpendicular lever arm method, 128–129 Moment sign convention, 129 Money changer geartrain example, 366–367 Motion and power transmission. See Power transmission N NAE. See National Academy of Engineering (NAE) Nanomachines, 356–357 National Academy of Engineering (NAE), 31–33 Natural convection, 298 New material design, 203–204 Newtonian fluid, 233 No-slip condition, 232 Numerical control, 55 O Offset (0.2%) method, 187–188 Open-ended wrench moment of a force example, 130–132 Orbital debris collision dimensional consistency example, 86–88 Order-of-magnitude approximation, 64Index 405 Order-of-magnitude estimates, 94 Otto cycle, 316 Outer races, 146 P Particle, 135 Pascal unit of pressure, 238 Patents, 42–45 claims, 43 design patents, 42–43 drawings, 43 specification, 43 utility patents, 43 Perpendicular lever arm method, 128–129 line of action, 128–129 torque, 128 Pinion, 349 Pipes, fluid flow in, 248–254 automotive fuel line example, 252–254 blood flow, 252 Poiseuille’s law, 251 pressure drop, 248 volumetric flow rate, 250 Pitch circle, 350 Pitch radius, 350 Plane, shear, 193 Planetary geartrains, 374–381 balanced geartrain, 376 carrier, 374 differential, 377–378 form factor, 377 planetary geartrain speeds example, 378–380 planet gear, 374 ring gear, 375 sign convention, 377 spider, 376 sun gear, 374 torque in planetary geartrain example, 380–381 Planetary geartrain speeds example, 378–380 Planet gear, 374 Plastic behavior, 174 Plastic regions, 182 Plastics, 201 Poise, 233 Poiseuille’s law, 251 Poisson’s contraction, 174 Poisson’s ratio, 184 Polar components, 120–121 direction, 120 magnitude, 120 principal value, 120 Polymers, 201–202 elastomers, 201 plastics, 201 Pound-mass, 74 Power consumption, 3 generation, engineering achievement of, 13 in thermal and energy systems, 286–287 Power conversion factor example, 287 Power curve, 314 Power in gearsets, 360 idler gear, 362 speed, torque, and power in simple geartrain example, 365–366 Power plant emission example, 326–327 Power transmission, 339–387 belt and chai drives, design application, 368–374 compound geartrains, 362–364, 366–367 gears, design application, 348–357 overview, 339–341 planetary geartrains, 374–381 power in gearsets, 360 rotational motion, 341–348 simple geartrains, 360–362, 365–366 speed in gearsets, 357–359 torque in gearsets, 359–360 Precision, 82 Prefix, meaning of, 72 Pressure drop, 248 Pressure of fluids, 237–243 aircraft fuel capacity example, 239–240 Pascal unit of pressure, 238 Primary loop, 320 Principal value, 120 Problem-solving skills, 63–98 approach, 68–69 assumptions, 68–69 dimensional consistency, 83–93 estimation, 94–98 overview, 63–67 process, 68 significant digits, 82–83 unit systems and conversions, 69–81 Product archeology, 34–35 Production, 47 Professional engineering, 4–11, 20–23 career paths, 20–22 career opportunities, 21 communication skills, role of, 21–22 employment, 5–7, 9–10 specialties, 7 jobs, 8–9 future, 18–19 program of study, 22–23 skills required, 23–25 Professional practice, 64 Proportional limit, 182 Prototype meter, 71 Pump, 321 Q Quenching, 294 R °R. See Rankine (°R) Rack and pinion, 352–353 Radial force, 146 Radian, 342 Rankine (°R), 312 Rankine cycle, 321 Rapid prototyping, 45–47 Real efficiency, 309406 Index Rectangular components, 119–120 unit vectors, 119 vector notation, 119 Relative velocity, 256 Renewable energy, 310–311 fuel cells, 311 geothermal energy, 311 hydropower, 311 wind energy, 311 Requirements development, 39–40 Resultant of several forces, 121–127 cable tie-down example, 123–126 control lever example, 126–127 force system, 121 vector algebra system, 122–123 vector polygon method, 123 Retainer, 146 Reynolds number, 245–247 Rigid body, 135–136 Ring gear, 375 Rod stretching material response to stress example, 191–193 Rolling, 50–51 Rolling-element bearings design application, 145–152 automobile wheel bearings example, 151–152 ball bearings, 146 cage, 146 inner races, 146 journal bearing, 145–146 outer races, 146 radial force, 146 retainer, 146 seals, 146 separator, 146 straight roller bearings, 147 tapered roller bearings, 147 thrust force, 146 thrust roller bearings, 147 treadmill belt drive example, 148–150 Rotational motion, 341–348 angular velocity, 341–343 radian, 342 rotational work and power, 343–348 Rotational work and power, 343–348 angular velocity conversions example, 344 automotive engine power example, 347–348 cooling fan for electronics example, 345–346 instantaneous power, 343 work of a torque, 343 S Scale drawings, 123 Seals, 146 Seat belt buckle equilibrium of forces and moments example, 139–141 Secondary loop, 320 Second law of motion, 71 Second law of thermodynamics, 312 Self-locking gearsets, 356 Separator, 146 Shear, 193–198 clevis joint example, 196–198 double shear, 195 force, 193 plane, 193 single shear, 195 wire cutter example, 195–196 Sheave, 368 Shock wave, 266 SI. See International System of Units (SI) SI conventions, 72–73 Sign convention, 377 Significant digits, 82–83 precision, 82 Simple geartrains, 360–362, 365–366 idler gear, 362 speed, torque, and power in simple geartrain example, 365–366 Simplicity, 41 Single shear, 195 Slug, 74 Solar-power generator design example, 323–325 Specific heat, 293–295 Speed in gearsets, 357–359 velocity ratio, 358 Speed, torque, and power in simple geartrain example, 365–366 Spider, 376 Spur gears, 348–352 diametrical pitch, 351 external gear, 349 fundamental property of gearsets, 351 gearset, 349 involute profile, 351 module, 351 pinion, 349 pitch circle, 350 pitch radius, 350 Standard kilogram, 71 Steam generator, 321 Stiffness, 182 Straight roller bearings, 147 Strain, 176 Stress, 175 Stresses, 171–198, 211–213 overview, 171–173 material response to stress, 182–193 shear, 193–198 strength of stress, 172 tension and compression, 173–181 Stress-strain curve, 182 Sun gear, 374 Synchronous rotation, 369 System, 304 T Tapered roller bearings, 147 Technical presentations, 102Index 407 Tempering, 294 Tension and compression, 173–181 bolt clamp example, 178–180 elastic behavior, 174 elongation, 176 in extreme environments, 180–181 hanger rod example, 177–178 internal force, 174 plastic behavior, 174 Poisson’s contraction, 174 strain, 176 stress, 175 tension compression, 175 Tension compression, 175 Thermal conductivity, 296 Thermal pollution, 320 Thermal systems. See Energy systems Thrust force, 146 Thrust roller bearings, 147 Timing belt, 369 Top dead center, 316 Torque, 128 Torque in gearsets, 359–360 Torque in planetary geartrain example, 380–381 Torque ratio, 360 Transfer of heat, 295–298 conduction, 295 convection, 297–298 forced convection, 298 Fourier’s law, 296 global energy consumption, 296–297 natural convection, 298 radiation, 298 thermal conductivity, 296 Transfer port, 317 Treadmill belt drive example, 372–374 Treadmill belt drive rollingelement bearings design application example, 148–150 Turbine, 321 Turbulent fluid flow, 244–247 Two-stroke engine cycle, 317–319 Clerk engine cycle, 318 transfer port, 317 U U-bolt dimensional changes material response to stress example, 189–190 U-bolt, potential energy stored in, example, 288 Ultimate strength, 185 United States Customary System (USCS), 69, 73–76 derived units, 76 foot-pound-second system, 73 pound-mass, 74 slug, 74 Unit systems and conversions, 69–81 base units, SI, 70 base units, USCS, 74 conversion between SI and USCS units, 77–79 derived units, SI, 70 derived units, USCS, 76 foot-pound, 75 foot-pound-second system, 73 horsepower, 75 International System of Units (SI), 69, 70–72 mass and weight, 76 pound-mass, 74 prefix, meaning of, 72 second law of motion, 71 SI conventions, 72–73 slug, 74 standard kilogram, 71 United States Customary System (USCS), 69, 73–76 Unit vectors, 119 Usability, 41 USCS. See United States Customary System (USCS) U.S. Department of Labor engineering description, 4–5, 9 Utility patents, 43 V V-belt, 368 Vector algebra system, 122–123 Vector notation, 119 Vector polygon method, 123 head-to-tail rule, 123 scale drawings, 123 Vehicle design advancements, 364 Velocity ratio, 358 Viscosity, 232–233 Volumetric flow rate, 250 W Wind energy, 311 Wind tunnel, 265 WIPO. See World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Wire cutters equilibrium of forces and moments example, 141–143 Wire cutter shear example, 195–196 Work of a force, 286 Work of a torque, 343 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), 45 Worm gearsets, 355–356 Written communication, 99–101 design notebook, 100 engineering reports, 100–101 example, 104–106 Y Yielding, 185 Yield strength, 185 Young’s modulus, 184 Z 0.2% offset method, 187–188
كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net The Unzip Password : books-world.net أتمنى أن تستفيدوا من محتوى الموضوع وأن ينال إعجابكم رابط من موقع عالم الكتب لتنزيل كتاب An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering - Fourth Edition رابط مباشر لتنزيل كتاب An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering - Fourth Edition
|
|