Admin مدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 19001 التقييم : 35505 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering SI Edition - Enhanced Fourth Edition الأربعاء 10 أبريل 2024, 1:25 am | |
|
أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering SI Edition - Enhanced Fourth Edition Jonathan Wickert Iowa State University Kemper Lewis University at Buffalo—SUNY
و المحتوى كما يلي :
CHAPTER 1 The Mechanical Engineering Profession 1 Preface to the SI Edition xi Student’s Preface xii Instructor’s Preface xiv Digital Resources xx About the Authors xxiv Contents 1.1 Overview 1 The Elements of Mechanical Engineering 2 1.2 What Is Engineering? 4 1.3 Who Are Mechanical Engineers? 10 Mechanical Engineering’s Top Ten Achievements 11 The Future of Mechanical Engineering 18 1.4 Career Paths 20 1.5 Typical Program of Study 22 Summary 26 Self-Study and Review 26 Problems 27 References 30 CHAPTER 2 Mechanical Design 31 2.1 Overview 31 2.2 The Design Process 35 Requirements Development 39 Conceptual Design 40 Detailed Design 41 Production 46 2.3 Manufacturing Processes 49 Summary 56 Self-Study and Review 57 Problems 57 References 62viii Contents 3.1 Overview 63 3.2 General Technical Problem-Solving Approach 68 3.3 Unit Systems and Conversions 69 Base and Derived Units 70 International System of Units 70 United States Customary System of Units 73 Converting Between the SI and USCS 77 3.4 Significant Digits 82 3.5 Dimensional Consistency 83 3.6 Estimation in Engineering 91 3.7 Communication Skills in Engineering 95 Written Communication 96 Graphical Communication 98 Technical Presentations 99 Summary 104 Self-Study and Review 104 Problems 104 References 111 CHAPTER 3 Technical Problem-Solving and Communication Skills 63 CHAPTER 4 Forces in Structures and Machines 112 4.1 Overview 112 4.2 Forces in Rectangular and Polar Forms 114 Rectangular Components 115 Polar Components 115 4.3 Resultant of Several Forces 116 Vector Algebra Method 117 Vector Polygon Method 118 4.4 Moment of a Force 123 Perpendicular Lever Arm Method 123 Moment Components Method 124 4.5 Equilibrium of Forces and Moments 130 Particles and Rigid Bodies 130 Free Body Diagrams 132 4.6 Design Application: Rolling-Element Bearings 140 Summary 148 Self-Study and Review 149 Problems 150 References 165Contents ix CHAPTER 5 Materials and Stresses 166 CHAPTER 7 Thermal and Energy Systems 274 5.1 Overview 166 5.2 Tension and Compression 168 5.3 Material Response 176 5.4 Shear 187 5.5 Engineering Materials 192 Metals and Their Alloys 193 Ceramics 194 Polymers 195 Composite Materials 196 5.6 Factor of Safety 200 Summary 204 Self-Study and Review 206 Problems 207 References 219 CHAPTER 6 Fluids Engineering 220 6.1 Overview 220 6.2 Properties of Fluids 223 6.3 Pressure and Buoyancy Force 230 6.4 Laminar and Turbulent Fluid Flows 237 6.5 Fluid Flow in Pipes 240 6.6 Drag Force 247 6.7 Lift Force 257 Summary 263 Self-Study and Review 265 Problems 265 References 273 7.1 Overview 274 7.2 Mechanical Energy, Work, and Power 276 Gravitational Potential Energy 276 Elastic Potential Energy 277 Kinetic Energy 277 Work of a Force 278 Power 278 7.3 Heat as Energy in Transit 282 Heating Value 283x Contents Specific Heat 284 Transfer of Heat 286 7.4 Energy Conservation and Conversion 294 7.5 Heat Engines and Efficiency 298 7.6 Internal-Combustion Engines 303 Four-Stroke Engine Cycle 304 Two-Stroke Engine Cycle 307 7.7 Electrical Power Generation 309 Summary 319 Self-Study and Review 320 Problems 321 References 328 CHAPTER 8 Motion and Power Transmission 329 8.1 Overview 329 8.2 Rotational Motion 331 Angular Velocity 331 Rotational Work and Power 333 8.3 Design Application: Gears 338 Spur Gears 338 Rack and Pinion 341 Bevel Gears 343 Helical Gears 344 Worm Gearsets 345 8.4 Speed, Torque, and Power in Gearsets 347 Speed 347 Torque 349 Power 350 8.5 Simple and Compound Geartrains 350 Simple Geartrain 350 Compound Geartrain 352 8.6 Design Application: Belt and Chain Drives 358 8.7 Planetary Geartrains 364 Summary 372 Self-Study and Review 373 Problems 374 References 385 APPEnDIx A 386 APPEnDIx B 387 InDEx 390390 Index A ABET. See U.S. Department of Labor engineering description, 4–5, 9 Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), 24 Adjustable wrench moment of a force example, 127–130 Aerial refueling dimensional consistency example, 84 Aerodynamics, 257, 262 Agricultural mechanization, engineering achievement of, 14 Air Canada Flight 143, 66–67, 70 Air conditioning and refrigeration, engineering achievement of, 15–16 Aircraft cabin door estimation example, 96–97 Aircraft fuel capacity pressure of fluids example, 232–233 Airfoil, 259 Airplane, engineering achievement of, 14–15 Air resistance, bicycle rider’s drag force example, 252–254 Alloying, 193 Amazon, 9 Angle of attack, 259–260 Angular velocity, 331–333 Angular velocity conversions example, 334 Apollo program, engineering achievement of, 13 Apple, Inc., 9 Approximation, 64 Assumptions, 68–69 Automobile, engineering achievement of, 12 Automobile wheel bearings rolling-element bearings design application example, 146–147 Automotive disk brakes conservation and conversion of energy example, 297–298 Automotive engine power example, 337–338 Automotive fuel line fluid flow example, 245–247 B Back-of-an-envelope estimates, 93 Balanced geartrain, 366 Ball bearings, 141 Band saw, 53 Base units, USCS, 74 Belt and chain drives, design application, 358–364 chain drives, 359 computer scanner example, 360–362 sheave, 358 synchronous rotation, 359 timing belt, 359 treadmill belt drive example, 362–364 V-belt, 358 Bernoulli’s equation, 260 Bevel gears, 343 Bioengineering, engineering achievement of, 17–18 Blood flow and pressure, 245 Blowdown, 306 Bolt clamp tension and compression example, 172–174 Bottom dead center, 306 Buoyancy force of fluids, 230–243 deep submergence rescue vehicle example, 233–234 great white shark attack example, 234–236 C Cable tie-down resultant example, 119–121 Cage, 141 Cam, 304–305 Carnot efficiency, ideal, 302 Carrier, 364 Casting, 50 Ceramics, 194–195 Chain drives, 359 Clerk engine cycle, 308Index 391 Clevis joint shear example, 191–192 Codes and standards, engineering achievement of, 18 Coefficient of drag, 247 Coefficient of lift, 261 Communication skills in engineering, 95–103 effective communication, 104 graphical communication, 98–99 ineffective communication, 99–101 technical presentations, 99 written communication, 96–98, 101–103 Composite materials, 196 Compound geartrains, 352–354, 356–357 money changer geartrain example, 356–357 vehicle design advancements, 354 Compression ratio, 306 Computer-aided engineering technology, engineering achievement of, 16–17 Computer scanner belt and chain drive example, 360–362 Conceptual design, 40 Condenser, 311 Conduction, 285 Conservation and conversion of energy, 294–298 automotive disk brakes example, 297–298 first law of thermodynamics, 294–295 hydroelectric power plant example, 295–296 system, 294 Control lever resultant example, 122–123 Convection, 288 Convergent thinking, 40 Conversion between SI and USCS units, 77–79 engine power rating example, 79 fire sprinkler example, 79–80 helium-neon lasers example, 80–81 Conversion of energy. See Conservation and conversion of energy Cooling fan for electronics example, 335–336 Crossed helical gears, 344 Crowdsourcing innovative energy solutions, 318 Customized production, 55 D Deep submergence rescue vehicle buoyancy force of fluids example, 233–234 Derived units, USCS, 76 Design, 31–62 detailed design, 41–47 innovation, 36–38 manufacturing processes, 50–55 National Academy of Engineering (NAE) Grand Challenges, 31–33 overview, 31–33 process, 35–49 product archeology, 34–35 production, 47 Design notebook, 97 Design patents, 42–43 Design process, 35–49 conceptual design, 40 detailed design, 41–47 global design teams, 48–49 requirements development, 39–40 Detailed design, 41–47 design patents, 42–43 documentation, 42 iteration, 41 patents, 42–45 rapid prototyping, 45–47 simplicity, 41 usability, 41 Differential, 367–368 Dimensional consistency, 83–90 aerial refueling example, 84 drill bit bending example, 87–89 elevator acceleration example, 89–91 orbital debris collision example, 84–86 Dimensionless numbers, 240 Direction, 115 Divergent thinking, 40 Documentation, 42 Double shear, 188 Drag force, 247–257 air resistance, bicycle rider’s example, 252–254 coefficient of drag, 247 engine oil viscosity example, 254–257 frontal area of fluid flow, 247 golf ball in flight example, 250–252 relative velocity, 249 Drill bit bending dimensional consistency example, 87–89 Drill press, 52392 Index Drill rod quenching energy in transit example, 291–292 Ductility, 193 E Efficiency and heat engines, 298–303 Elastic behavior, 169 Elastic limit, 179 Elastic modulus, 177 Elastic potential energy, 277 Elastic regions, 177 Elastomers, 195 Electrical power generation, 309–318 condenser, 311 crowdsourcing innovative energy solutions, 318 power plant emission example, 316–317 primary loop, 310 pump, 311 Rankine cycle, 311 secondary loop, 310 solar-power generator design example, 313–315 steam generator, 311 thermal pollution, 310 turbine, 311 Elevator acceleration dimensional consistency example, 89–91 Elevator power requirement example, 281–282 Elongation, 171 Energy systems, 274–328 conservation and conversion of energy, 294–298 electrical power generation, 309–318 heat as energy in transit, 282–293 heat engines and efficiency, 298–303 internal-combustion engines, 303–309 mechanical energy, work, and power, 276–282 overview, 274–275 Engineering achievements, 11–18 agricultural mechanization, 14 air conditioning and refrigeration, 15–16 airplane, 14–15 Apollo program, 13 automobile, 12 bioengineering, 17–18 codes and standards, 18 computer-aided engineering technology, 16–17 integrated-circuit mass production, 15 power generation, 13 Engineering failure analysis, 133 Engineering materials, 192–200 ceramics, 194–195 composite materials, 196 metals and alloys, 193–194 new material design, 197–198 polymers, 195–196 minimization of weight, selecting materials example, 198–200 Engineering reports, 97–98 Engine fuel consumption example, 290–291 Engine oil viscosity drag force example, 254–257 Engine power rating conversion example, 79 Engine value, 304 Equilibrium of forces and moments, 130–140 engineering failure analysis, 133 force balance, 131 forklift load capacity example, 138–140 free body diagrams, 132 independent equations, 132 moment balance, 131 particle, 130 rigid body, 130–131 seat belt buckle example, 134–136 wire cutters example, 136–138 Estimation, 91–95 aircraft’s cabin door example, 93–94 back-of-an-envelope estimates, 93 human power generation example, 94–95 importance of, 92 order-of-magnitude estimates, 91 External gear, 339 Extreme environments, tension and compression in, 175–176 Extrusion, 51 F Factor of safety, 200–203 gear-to-shaft connection design example, 208–210 Fire sprinkler conversion example, 79–80 First law of thermodynamics, 294–295 Flow, fluids, 224Index 393 Fluids engineering, 220–273 buoyancy force of fluids, 230–243 design of micro and macro systems, 226–227 dimensionless numbers, 240 drag force, 247–257 flow, fluids, 224 laminar fluid flow, 237–240 lift force, 257–262 machine tool guideways example, 228–230 microfluidics, 221 Newtonian fluid, 226 no-slip condition, 225 overview, 220–223 pipes, fluid flow in, 240–247 poise, 226 pressure of fluids, 230–243 properties, 223–230 Reynolds number, 238–240 turbulent fluid flow, 237–240 viscosity, 225–226 Foot-pound, 75 Foot-pound-second system, 73 Force, 188 Force balance, 131 Forced convection, 288 Forces, 112–165 equilibrium of forces and moments, 130–140 moment of a force, 123–130 overview, 112–114 polar components, 114–116 rectangular components, 114 resultant of several forces, 116–123 rolling-element bearings design application, 140–147 Force, shear, 188 Force system, 116 Forging, 51 Forklift load capacity equilibrium of forces and moments example, 138–140 Form factor, 367 Fourier’s law, 286 Four-stroke engine cycle, 304–307 blowdown, 306 bottom dead center, 306 cam, 304–305 compression ratio, 306 engine value, 304 Otto cycle, 306 top dead center, 306 Free body diagrams, 132 Frontal area of fluid flow, 247 Fuel cells, 301 Fundamental property of gearsets, 341 G Gears, design application, 338–347 bevel gears, 343 helical gears, 344–345 nanomachines, 346–347 rack and pinion, 341–342 self-locking gearsets, 346 spur gears, 338–342 worm gearsets, 345–346 Gearset, 339 Gear-to-shaft connection factor of safety design example, 208–210 Geothermal energy, 301 Global design teams, 48–49 Global energy consumption, 287–288 Golf ball in flight drag force example, 250–252 Google/Skybox imaging, 8 Grand Challenges, NAE, 31–33 Graphical communication, 98–99 Gravitational acceleration, 276 Gravitational potential energy, 276 Great white shark attack buoyancy example, 234–236 H Hanger rod tension and compression example, 171–172 Head-to-tail rule, 118 Heat as energy in transit, 282–293 drill rod quenching energy in transit example, 290–291 engine fuel consumption example, 290–291 heating value, 283–284 heat loss through a window example, 293 household energy consumption example, 289 latent heat, 285 quenching, 284 specific heat, 284–285 tempering, 284 transfer of heat, 286–287394 Index Heat engines and efficiency, 298–303 heat engine, 298 heat reservoir, 299 ideal Carnot efficiency, 302 Kelvin (K), 302 Rankine (°R), 302 real efficiency, 299 renewable energy, 300–301 second law of thermodynamics, 302 Heating value, 283–284 Heat loss through a window example, 293 Heat reservoir, 299 Helical gears, 344–345 crossed helical gears, 344 helix angle, 344 Helium-neon lasers conversion example, 80–81 Helix angle, 344 Hooke’s law, 176 Horsepower, 75 Household energy consumption example, 289 Human power generation estimation example, 97–98 Hydroelectric power plant conservation and conversion of energy example, 295–296 Hydropower, 301 I Ideal Carnot efficiency, 302 Idler gear, 352 Independent equations, 132 Inner races, 141 Instantaneous power, 333 Integrated-circuit mass production, engineering achievement of, 15 Internal-combustion engines, 303–309 four-stroke engine cycle, 304–307 power curve, 304 two-stroke engine cycle, 307–309 Internal force, 169 International system of units (SI), 70–72 prefix, 72 prototype meter, 71 second law of motion, 71 SI conventions, 72–73 standard kilogram, 71 Involute profile, 341 Iteration, 41 J Jet aircraft kinetic energy example, 280–281 Journal bearing, 140–141 K K. See Kelvin (K) Kelvin (K), 302 Kilowatt-hour (kW·h), 277, 310 Kinetic energy, 277–278 kW·h. See Kilowatt-hour (kW·h) L Laminar fluid flow, 237–240 Latent heat, 285 Lathe, 53–54 Lift force, 257–262 aerodynamics, 257, 262 airfoil, 259 angle of attack, 259–260 Bernoulli’s equation, 260 coefficient of lift, 261 shock wave, 258 wind tunnel, 258 Line of action, 124 M Machine tool guideways fluids example, 228–230 Machining, 52 Magnitude, 114 Manufacturing processes, 50–55 band saw, 53 casting, 50 customized production, 55 drill press, 52 extrusion, 51 forging, 51 lathe, 53–54 machining, 52 milling machine, 53 numerical control, 55 rolling, 50–51 Mars Climate Orbiter (MCO), 64–66, 70, 98–99 Mass and weight, 76 Mass production, 47 Material response to stress, 176–187 elastic limit, 179 elastic modulus, 177Index 395 elastic regions, 177 Hooke’s law, 177 materials testing machine, 180 offset (0.2%) method, 180 plastic regions, 177 Poisson’s ratio, 179 proportional limit, 177 rod stretching example, 185–187 stiffness, 176 stress-strain curve, 177 U-bolt dimensional changes example, 183–185 ultimate strength, 179 yielding, 179 yield strength, 179 Young’s modulus, 177 Materials, 166–168, 176–187, 192–206 engineering materials, 192–200 factor of safety, 200–203 overview, 166–168 response to stress, 176–187 Materials testing machine, 180 MCO. See Mars Climate Orbiter (MCO) Mechanical energy, work, and power, 276–282 elastic potential energy, 277 elevator power requirement example, 281–282 gravitational acceleration, 276 gravitational potential energy, 276–282 jet aircraft kinetic energy example, 280–281 kinetic energy, 277–278 power, 278 U-bolt, potential energy stored in, example, 279 work of a force, 278 Mechanical engineering, 1–30 career opportunities, 21 career paths, 20–22 communication skills, role of, 21–22 elements, 2–3 employment, 5–7, 9–10 engineering achievements, 11–18 future, 18–19 jobs, 8–9 overview, 1–3 profession, 4–11, 20–23 program of study, 22–23 skills required, 23–25 specialties, 7 U.S. Department of Labor description, 4–5, 9 Metals and alloys, 193–194 alloying, 193 ductility, 193 Micro and macro systems design, 226–227 Microfluidics, 221 Milling machine, 53 Minimization of weight, selecting engineering materials example, 198–200 Module, 341 Moment balance, 131 Moment components method, 124–126 moment sign convention, 125 Moment of a force, 123–130 adjustable wrench example, 127–130 moment components method, 124–126 moment sign convention, 125 open-ended wrench example, 126–127 perpendicular lever arm method, 123–124 Moment sign convention, 125 Money changer geartrain example, 356–357 Motion and power transmission. See Power transmission N NAE. See National Academy of Engineering (NAE) Nanomachines, 346–347 National Academy of Engineering (NAE), 31–33 Natural convection, 288 New material design, 197–198 Newtonian fluid, 226 No-slip condition, 225 Numerical control, 55 O Offset (0.2%) method, 180 Open-ended wrench moment of a force example, 126–127 Orbital debris collision dimensional consistency example, 84–86 Order-of-magnitude approximation, 64 Order-of-magnitude estimates, 93 Otto cycle, 306 Outer races, 141396 Index P Particle, 130 Pascal unit of pressure, 230 Patents, 42–45 claims, 43 design patents, 42–43 drawings, 43 specification, 43 utility patents, 43 Perpendicular lever arm method, 123–124 line of action, 124 torque, 123 Pinion, 339 Pipes, fluid flow in, 240–247 automotive fuel line example, 245–247 blood flow, 245 Poiseuille’s law, 244 pressure drop, 241 volumetric flow rate, 243 Pitch circle, 340 Pitch radius, 340 Plane, shear, 188 Planetary geartrains, 364–371 balanced geartrain, 366 carrier, 364 differential, 367–368 form factor, 367 planetary geartrain speeds example, 368–370 planet gear, 364 ring gear, 365 sign convention, 367 spider, 366 sun gear, 364 torque in planetary geartrain example, 370–371 Planetary geartrain speeds example, 368–370 Planet gear, 364 Plastic behavior, 169 Plastic regions, 177 Plastics, 195 Poise, 226 Poiseuille’s law, 244 Poisson’s contraction, 169 Poisson’s ratio, 179 Polar components, 114–116 direction, 114 magnitude, 114 principal value, 114 Polymers, 195–196 elastomers, 195 plastics, 195 Pound-mass, 74 Power consumption, 3 generation, engineering achievement of, 13 in thermal and energy systems, 278 Power conversion factor example, 287 Power curve, 304 Power in gearsets, 350 idler gear, 352 speed, torque, and power in simple geartrain example, 355–356 Power plant emission example, 316–317 Power transmission, 329–377 belt and chai drives, design application, 358–364 compound geartrains, 352–354, 356–357 gears, design application, 338–347 overview, 329–331 planetary geartrains, 364–371 power in gearsets, 350 rotational motion, 331–338 simple geartrains, 350–352, 355–356 speed in gearsets, 347–349 torque in gearsets, 349–350 Precision, 82 Prefix, meaning of, 72 Pressure drop, 241 Pressure of fluids, 230–236 aircraft fuel capacity example, 232–233 Pascal unit of pressure, 230 Primary loop, 310 Principal value, 114 Problem-solving skills, 63–95 approach, 68–69 assumptions, 68–69 dimensional consistency, 83–90 estimation, 91–95 overview, 63–67Index 397 process, 68 significant digits, 82–83 unit systems and conversions, 69–81 Product archeology, 34–35 Production, 47 Professional engineering, 4–11, 20–23 career paths, 20–22 career opportunities, 21 communication skills, role of, 21–22 employment, 5–7, 9–10 specialties, 7 jobs, 8–9 future, 18–19 program of study, 22–23 skills required, 23–25 Professional practice, 64 Proportional limit, 177 Prototype meter, 71 Pump, 311 Q Quenching, 284 R °R. See Rankine (°R) Rack and pinion, 341–342 Radial force, 141 Radian, 332 Radiation, 288 Rankine (°R), 302 Rankine cycle, 311 Rapid prototyping, 45–47 Real efficiency, 299 Rectangular components, 114 unit vectors, 114 vector notation, 114 Relative velocity, 249 Renewable energy, 300–301 fuel cells, 301 geothermal energy, 301 hydropower, 301 wind energy, 301 Requirements development, 39–40 Resultant of several forces, 116–123 cable tie-down example, 119–121 control lever example, 122–123 force system, 116 vector algebra system, 117–118 vector polygon method, 118–119 Retainer, 141 Reynolds number, 238–240 Rigid body, 130–131 Ring gear, 365 Rod stretching material response to stress example, 185–187 Rolling, 50–51 Rolling-element bearings design application, 140–147 automobile wheel bearings example, 146–147 ball bearings, 141 cage, 141 inner races, 141 journal bearing, 140–141 outer races, 141 radial force, 141 retainer, 141 seals, 141 separator, 141 straight roller bearings, 142 tapered roller bearings, 142 thrust force, 141 thrust roller bearings, 142 treadmill belt drive example, 143–145 Rotational motion, 331–338 angular velocity, 331–333 radian, 332 rotational work and power, 333–338 Rotational work and power, 333–338 angular velocity conversions example, 334 automotive engine power example, 337–338 cooling fan for electronics example, 335–336 instantaneous power, 333 work of a torque, 333 S Scale drawings, 119 Seals, 141 Seat belt buckle equilibrium of forces and moments example, 134–136 Secondary loop, 310 Second law of motion, 71 Second law of thermodynamics, 302 Self-locking gearsets, 346398 Index Separator, 141 Shear, 187–192 clevis joint example, 191–192 double shear, 188 force, 188 plane, 188 single shear, 188 wire cutter example, 189–190 Sheave, 358 Shock wave, 258 SI. See International System of Units (SI) SI conventions, 72–73 Sign convention, 367 Significant digits, 82–83 precision, 82 Simple geartrains, 350–352, 355–356 idler gear, 352 speed, torque, and power in simple geartrain example, 355–356 Simplicity, 41 Single shear, 188 Slug, 74 Solar-power generator design example, 313–315 Specific heat, 284–285 Speed in gearsets, 347–349 velocity ratio, 348 Speed, torque, and power in simple geartrain example, 355–356 Spider, 366 Spur gears, 338–342 external gear, 339 fundamental property of gearsets, 341 gearset, 339 involute profile, 341 module, 341 pinion, 339 pitch circle, 340 pitch radius, 340 Standard kilogram, 71 Steam generator, 311 Stiffness, 176 Straight roller bearings, 142 Strain, 171 Stress, 170 Stresses, 166–198, 211–213 overview, 166–168 material response to stress, 176–187 shear, 188–192 strength of stress, 167 tension and compression, 168–181 Stress-strain curve, 177 Sun gear, 364 Synchronous rotation, 359 System, 294 T Tapered roller bearings, 142 Technical presentations, 99 Tempering, 284 Tension and compression, 168–176 bolt clamp example, 172–174 elastic behavior, 169 elongation, 171 in extreme environments, 175–176 hanger rod example, 171–172 internal force, 169 plastic behavior, 169 Poisson’s contraction, 169 strain, 171 stress, 170 tension compression, 170 Tension compression, 170 Thermal conductivity, 286 Thermal pollution, 310 Thermal systems. See Energy systems Thrust force, 141 Thrust roller bearings, 142 Timing belt, 359 Top dead center, 306 Torque, 123 Torque in gearsets, 349–350 Torque in planetary geartrain example, 370–371 Torque ratio, 350 Transfer of heat, 286–287 conduction, 286 convection, 288 forced convection, 288 Fourier’s law, 286 global energy consumption, 296–297 natural convection, 288Index 399 radiation, 289 thermal conductivity, 286 Transfer port, 307 Treadmill belt drive example, 362–364 Treadmill belt drive rolling-element bearings design application example, 143–145 Turbine, 311 Turbulent fluid flow, 237–240 Two-stroke engine cycle, 307–309 Clerk engine cycle, 308 transfer port, 307 U U-bolt dimensional changes material response to stress example, 183–185 U-bolt, potential energy stored in, example, 279 Ultimate strength, 179 United States Customary System (USCS), 69, 73–76 derived units, 76 foot-pound-second system, 73 pound-mass, 74 slug, 74 Unit systems and conversions, 69–81 base units, SI, 70 base units, USCS, 74 conversion between SI and USCS units, 77–79 derived units, SI, 70 derived units, USCS, 76 foot-pound, 75 foot-pound-second system, 73 horsepower, 75 International System of Units (SI), 69, 70–72 mass and weight, 76 pound-mass, 74 prefix, meaning of, 72 second law of motion, 71 SI conventions, 72–73 slug, 74 standard kilogram, 71 United States Customary System (USCS), 69, 73–76 Unit vectors, 114 Usability, 41 USCS. See United States Customary System (USCS) U.S. Department of Labor engineering description, 4–5, 9 Utility patents, 43 V V-belt, 358 Vector algebra system, 117–118 Vector notation, 114 Vector polygon method, 118 head-to-tail rule, 118 scale drawings, 119 Vehicle design advancements, 354 Velocity ratio, 348 Viscosity, 225–226 Volumetric flow rate, 243 W Wind energy, 301 Wind tunnel, 258 WIPO. See World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Wire cutters equilibrium of forces and moments example, 136–138 Wire cutter shear example, 189–190 Work of a force, 278 Work of a torque, 333 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), 45 Worm gearsets, 345–346 Written communication, 96–98 Y Yielding, 179 Yield strength, 179 Young’s modulus, 177 Z 0.2% offset method, 180
كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net The Unzip Password : books-world.net أتمنى أن تستفيدوا من محتوى الموضوع وأن ينال إعجابكم رابط من موقع عالم الكتب لتنزيل كتاب An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering SI Edition - Enhanced Fourth Edition رابط مباشر لتنزيل كتاب An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering SI Edition - Enhanced Fourth Edition
|
|