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| موضوع: كتاب PMP Exam Prep - Accelerated Learning to Pass PMl's PMP Exam الأربعاء 20 مارس 2024, 1:49 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب PMP Exam Prep - Accelerated Learning to Pass PMl's PMP Exam By Rita Mulcahy, PMP, et. al
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Introduction ix History of This Book xi Chapter 1 Tricks of the Trade for Studying for This Exam 1 Why Take the PMP Exam? 1 Qualifying to Take the Exam 1 Are You Ready for the PMP Exam? 2 Applying to Take the Exam 3 How to Use This Book 4 Other Materials to Use to Study for the PMP Exam 8 What Is the PMP Exam Like? 8 How to Study for the PMP Exam 14 Recurring Themes—PMI-isms to Know for the PMP Exam 16 Chapter 2 Project Management Framework 21 Practice Exam 39 Chapter 3 Project Management Processes 47 Rita’s Process Chart 50 Rita’s Process Game 53 Practice Exam 100 Chapter 4 Integration Management 107 Rita’s Process Chart—Integration Management 108 Project Charter—Small Project 111 Project Charter—Large Project 114 Practice Exam 144 Chapter 5 Scope Management 159 Rita’s Process Chart—Scope Management 160 Practice Exam 186 Chapter 6 Time Management 197 Rita’s Process Chart—Time Management 198 Practice Exam 240 Chapter 7 Cost Management 253 Rita’s Process Chart—Cost Management 254 Practice Exam 280Chapter 8 Quality Management 291 Ritas Process Chart—Quality Management 292 Practice Exam 323 Chapter 9 Human Resource Management 333 Ritas Process Chart—Human Resource Management 334 Practice Exam 369 Chapter 10 Communications Management 381 Rita’s Process Chart—Communications Management 382 Practice Exam 396 Chapter 11 Risk Management 405 Rita’s Process Chart—Risk Management 406 Practice Exam 444 Chapter 12 Procurement Management 457 Rita’s Process Chart— Procurement Management 458 Practice Exam 515 Chapter 13 Stakeholder Management 527 Rita’s Process Chart—Stakeholder Management 528 Practice Exam 541 Chapter 14 Professional and Social Responsibility 549 Rita’s Process Chart—Professional and Social Responsibility 550 Practice Exam 563 Chapter 15 The PMP Exam: Tips for Passing the Exam the First Time 573 Putting It All Together 573 Formulas to Know for the Exam 582 Before You Take the Exam 583 Tricks for Taking and Passing the PMP Exam 584 Common Project Management Errors and Pitfalls 586 Notes 589 Index 603Index Index A acquired needs theory, 367 Acquire Project Team, 351 inputs, 352 activity attributes, 201, 204, 238 activity list, 131, 141, 177, 179, 201, 204, 208, 209 activity network diagrams, 204, 313 Activity-on-Node (AON), 202 activity resource requirements, 467 actual cost (AC), 267, 269 advertising, 495 affinity diagrams, 166, 312 agreements. See also contracts, 124, 459 analogous (top-down) estimating, 210 arbitration, 365 Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM), 201 assignable cause variation, 306, 308 assumptions, 75, 124 assumptions analysis, 418 B backward pass, 220 bar charts, 237 baselines, 48, 126, 127, 574 benchmarking, 167, 309 benefit measurement methods, 119 beta activity standard deviation, 212 beta distribution (weighted average), 212 bidder conference, 460, 495 bid documents. See procurement documents bottom-up estimating, 259 brainstorming, 165, 309 budget at completion (BAC), 267, 269 budget estimate, 262 budget management plan. See cost management plan budget plan. See cost management plan budgets. See also cost budget, 263, 433 unrealistic, 205 buffers, 215, 235 business case, 73, 118 business requirements, 166 business risk, 417 buyers, 462 c cash flow, 263 cause and effect diagram, 302 ceiling price, 479 centralized contracting, 464 change control board (CCB), 128, 134, 136, 138, 140 change control system, 128 change-driven projects, 36, 38, 163, 239, 529 change management plan, 126, 127 change requests, 134, 137, 140, 440, 460, 488, 575 changes, process for making, 139, 140 checklist analysis, 418 checksheet, 302, 303 CISG, 300 claims administration, 505 Close Procurements, 507 Close Project or Phase, 142, 462, 507 closing, 47, 90 Collect Requirements, 164 colocation, 30, 357 communicating, percentage of project manager’s time, 393 communication blockers, 392 control of, 393 effective, 387 flow of, on a project, 385 stakeholders’ requirements, 383, 537 technology, 388 communication, factors of nonverbal, 387 paralingual, 387 words, 387 communication, methods of, 389 interactive, 389 pull, 389 push, 389 communication, models of, 387 feedback, 387 message, 387 noise, 387 receiver, 387 sender, 387 communication, types of, 386 formal verbal, 386 formal written, 386 603Index communication, types of (continued) informal verbal, 386 informal written, 386 communication channels, 389 formula for calculating, 390 communications management, 381 process, 383 communications management plan, 383, 391, 393, 413,537 competitive bidding, 461 Conduct Procurements, 494 configuration management plan, 126, 128 configuration management system, 128 conflict, sources of, 362 conflict management, 361 conflict resolution techniques, 362 accommodating, 362 avoidance, 362 collaborating, 362 compromising, 362 directing, 362 forcing, 362 problem solving, 362 reconciling, 362 smoothing, 362 withdrawal, 362 constrained optimization methods, 119 constraints, 28, 124 context diagrams, 167 contingency plans, 427, 432 contingency reserves, 215, 261, 262, 263, 265, 432, 439 continuous improvement, 297 contract change control system, 504 contracts, 124, 432, 459, 462 definition of, 499 international, 463 interpretation of, 505 parts of a legal contract, 499 standard, 488 contracts, types of, 470 advantages and disadvantages, 475 risk to buyer and seller, 478 contract terms and conditions, 489 acceptance, 490 agent, 490 arbitration, 490 assignment, 490 authority, 490 bonds, 490 breach/default, 462, 490 changes, 490 confidentiality, 490 dispute resolution, 490 force majeure, 490 incentives, 490 indemnification (liability), 490 independent contractor, 490 inspection, 490 intellectual property, 490 invoicing, 490 liquidated damages, 490 management requirements, 491 material breach, 491 notice, 491 ownership, 491 payments, 491 procurement statement of work, 491 reporting, 491 retainage, 491 risk of loss, 491 site access, 491 termination, 491 time is of the essence, 491 waivers, 491 warranties, 491 work for hire, 491 control account, 177, 253 control chart, 302, 305, 314 in control, 305, 306 out of control, 305, 306, 308 Control Communications, 88, 393 inputs, 394 Control Costs, 88, 264 outputs, 279 control limits, 305, 308 Control Procurements, 89, 500 Control Quality, 88, 298, 299, 313 outputs, 315 tools and techniques, 312, 314 Control Risks, 88, 436 outputs, 439 Control Schedule, 87, 238 Control Scope, 87, 185 Control Stakeholder Engagement, 89, 538 control thresholds, 256 conversation, 358 corporate knowledge base, 33 corrective actions, 134, 440 correlation chart. See scatter diagram cost (in procurement), 479 cost, types of, 257 cost aggregation, 263 cost baseline, 127, 265Index cost-benefit analysis, 121, 301 cost budget. See also budget, 257, 262, 263, 265, 266 cost management, 253 cost management plan, 125, 256, 257, 264 cost of quality, 261, 301 cost performance index (CPI), 267, 270 cost-reimbursable (CR) contracts, 470, 473, 477, 503 cost contracts, 473 cost plus award fee (CPAF), 474 cost plus fee (CPF), 473 cost plus fixed fee (CPFF), 473 cost plus incentive fee (CPIF), 474, 480 cost plus percentage of costs (CPPC), 473 cost risk, 255 costs of conformance, 301 costs of nonconformance, 301 cost variance (CV), 267 crashing, 228, 232 Create Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), 173 critical chain method, 235 critical path, 201, 218, 227, 235 critical path method, 218, 220 Crosby, Philip, 294 cultural differences, 557 D decentralized contracting, 464 decision tree, 424 decomposition, 176, 180, 200, 253 deconstruction, 180 defect repair, 137 Define Activities, 200 Define Scope, 172 definitive estimate, 262 deliverables, 161, 163, 176, 182, 183, 184 Delphi technique, 168, 261 Deming, W. Edwards, 294, 297 dependencies, types of, 203 depreciation, 123 accelerated, 123 straight line, 123 design of experiments (DOE), 309 Determine Budget, 262 Develop Project Charter, 110 Develop Project Management Plan, 125 Develop Project Team, 354 Develop Schedule, 216 diagramming techniques, 418 Direct and Manage Project Work, 131 direct costs, 257 discounted cash flow, 256 discretionary dependency (preferred, preferential, or soft logic), 203 documentation reviews, 417 E early finish (EF), 220 early start (ES), 220 earned value (EV), 253, 266, 267, 270 formulas, 267, 275 earned value report, 393 economic value added (EVA), 122 enterprise environmental factors, 32, 208, 258, 347, 352, 467, 574 Estimate Activity Durations, 208 Estimate Activity Resources, 206 estimate at completion (EAC), 267, 269 Estimate Costs, 257 inputs, 257 estimate ranges, 262 estimates, accuracy of, 262 estimate to complete (ETC), 204, 267, 269 estimating role of project manager, 210 techniques, 210, 259 things to know about, 204 executing, 47, 78 actions, 80 expectancy theory, 365 expected activity duration (EAD), 212 expected monetary value (EMV), 423 formula for, 423 expert judgement, 575 external dependency, 203 F facilitated workshops, 165 fairness, 549, 554, 558 fallback plans, 432 fast tracking, 228, 232 final contract performance reporting, 509 financial closure (for procurements), 508 finish-to-finish (FF), 202 finish-to-start (FS), 202 fishbone diagram. See cause and effect diagram fixed costs, 257 fixed price (FP) contracts, 470, 476, 503 fixed price award fee (FPAF), 471 fixed price economic price index (FPEPA), 472Index fixed price (FP) contracts (continued) fixed price incentive fee (FPIF), 471, 480, 481 See also purchase orders float (slack), 219 flowchart, 302, 303 focus groups, 164 force field analysis, 309 forecasting report, 393 forward pass, 220 free float, 219 fringe benefits, 366 functional manager, 29, 30, 340 functional organization, 29 G Gantt charts, 237 gold plating, 18, 159, 296 grade, 294 Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT), 201,202 ground rules (for teams), 356 group decision making, 167, 215, 261 techniques, 167 H halo effect, 353 Herzbergs theory (of motivation), 367 heuristics, 211 high-level planning, 73 histogram, 302 historical information (records), 33, 164 historical records. See historical information honesty, 549, 555, 559 human resource management, 333 responsibilities of project manager, 335 human resource management plan, 258, 349, 352 hygiene factors, 367 Identify Risks, 417 outputs, 418 Identify Stakeholders, 531 incentives, 474, 490 calculating incentives, 480 independent estimates, 496 indirect costs, 257 information-gathering techniques (for identifying risks), 418 initiating, 47, 69 actions, 71 inputs, 69 inputs, 10, 48, 183, 575 integrated change control, 127, 133, 134, 136, 137, 140 integration management, 107 internal dependency, 203 internal rate of return (IRR), 120 international contracts, 463 interrelationship digraphs, 313 interviews, 164 invitation for bid (IFB), 460, 486 Ishikawa diagram. See cause and effect diagram ISO 9000, 300 issue log, 358 J Juran, Joseph, 294 just in time (JIT), 297 K Kaizen, 297 kickoff meeting, 131 knowledge area management plans, 51, 126, 574 knowledge areas, 109, 126, 140 relationship with process groups, 109 L lags, 203 large-project perspective, 114 late finish (LF), 220 late start (LS), 220 law of diminishing returns, 123 leads, 203 learning curve, 211 lessons learned, 34, 393, 460, 509 lessons learned documentation, 393 letter of intent, 491 life cycle costing, 255 listening, effective, 388 M make-or-buy analysis, 460, 466, 468 Manage Communications, 391 management and leadership styles, 359 analytical, 360 autocratic, 360 bureaucratic, 360Index management and leadership styles (continued) charismatic, 360 coaching, 360 consensus, 360 consultative, 360 consultative-autocratic, 360 delegating, 360 democratic or participative, 360 directing, 360 driver, 361 facilitating, 360 influencing, 361 laissez-faire, 360 supporting, 360 management plans, 125 management reserves, 215, 261, 263, 266, 432 Manage Project Team, 357 Manage Stakeholder Engagement, 537 mandatory dependency (hard logic), 203 marginal analysis, 297 Maslows hierarchy of needs, 366 Maslows pyramid, 367 matrix diagrams, 313 matrix organization, 30 balanced, 30 strong, 30 weak, 30 McClelland, David, 367 McClellands theory of needs (acquired needs theory), 367 McGregors theory of X and Y, 366 mean (average), 306 meetings, 389, 439 rules for, 389 milestone charts, 236, 237 milestones, 201 mind map, 165 modeling, 234 Monitor and Control Project Work, 132 monitoring and controlling, 47, 83 actions, 85 Monte Carlo analysis (simulation technique), 234, 424 motivating agents, 368 motivation theory, 366 multi-criteria decision analysis, 165, 353 mutual exclusivity, 314 N near-critical path, 219 negative float, 227, 229, 233 negotiation, 353, 463, 497, 508 items to negotiate, 498 objectives of, 497 tactics, 498 net present value (NPV), 120 network diagrams, 201, 203, 204, 220, 237, 313 nominal group technique, 165 noncompetitive bidding, 461, 492 single source, 492 sole source, 492 noncritical risks, 421, 435 nondisclosure agreement, 488 normal and expected variation, 308 normal distribution, 306, 308, 314 0 observation, 167, 358 one-point estimating, 210 operational work, 22 OPM3, 25, 297 opportunities, 408 opportunity cost, 122 organizational breakdown structure, 348 organizational hierarchy, 32 organizational process assets, 33, 208, 258, 348, 352, 440, 467, 573 organizational project management (OPM), 24 organizational structure, 29 organization charts, 348 OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), 300 outputs, 10, 48, 183, 575 P padding, 209, 215 parametric estimating, 211, 263 Pareto chart. See Pareto diagram Pareto diagram, 302, 304 past performance history, 497 path convergence, 221, 234 payback period, 121 payments, 475, 491 performance measurement baseline, 127, 265, 392, 574 performance reporting, 392 Perform Integrated Change Control, 1 37 Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis, 419 outputs, 421 Perform Quality Assurance, 298, 299, 311 outputs, 313Index Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis, 422 outputs, 427 perquisites (perks), 365 personnel assessment tools, 356 PERT. See Program Evaluation and Review Technique Plan Communications Management, 383 Plan Cost Management, 255 plan-driven projects, 36 Plan Human Resource Management, 347 planned value (PV), 267, 269 planning, 47, 73 actions, 75-77 Plan Procurement Management, 466 Plan Quality Management, 298, 299 outputs, 310 tools and techniques, 312 Plan Risk Management, 415 outputs, 415 Plan Risk Responses, 427 outputs, 431 Plan Schedule Management, 199 Plan Scope Management, 163 Plan Stakeholder Management, 533 PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, 549 PMI-isms, 16 in professional and social responsibility, 552 quality-related, 294 point of total assumption (PTA), 479 population, 309 portfolio management, 24 portfolio manager, 343 position descriptions, 348, 349 power, types of, 359 expert, 359 formal (legitimate), 359 penalty (coercive), 359 referent, 359 reward, 359 power and interest grid, 532 preassignment, 352 Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM), 201 presentation formats, 237 presentations, 497 present value (PV), 119 prevention over inspection, 296 preventive actions, 136, 440 price (in procurement), 479 prioritization matrices, 313 privity, 491 probability, 314 probability and impact matrix, 419 problem-solving method, 364 process analysis, 312 process decision program charts (PDPC), 313 processes, procedures, policies, 33 process groups, 47 process improvement plan, 128, 311 process map. See flowchart procurement closure, 508, 509 department, 460, 464 exam questions about, 462 file, 509 formal acceptance, 509 potential for conflict between managers, 504 process, 510 project managers role in, 463, 513 See also negotiation and contracts procurement audit, 507, 509 procurement documents, 460, 486 procurement management, 457 inputs, 467 outputs, 460 process, 459, 466 procurement management plan, 460, 468 procurement performance review, 505 procurement statement of work (SOW), 460, 469, 491 design, 469 functional, 469 performance, 469 product analysis, 172 product scope (product deliverables), 161 product validation (for procurements), 508 professional and social responsibility, 549 categories of, 552 profit (in procurement), 479 Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), 212 program management, 23 program manager, 344 progressive elaboration, 72 progress report, 393 progress reporting, 265 project definition of, 21 project-based organizations (PBOs), 32 project charter, 110, 114 project coordinator, 30 project documents, 131, 431 updates to, 87, 131, 311, 431, 575 project expediter, 30Index project float, 219 projectized organization, 30 project life cycle adaptive, 36 incremental, 36 iterative, 36 predictive, 36 project management, 23 costs of, 258 ethical application of, 551 framework, 21 process, 37, 47 proving the value of, 426 project management information system (PMIS), 33 project management office (PMO), 26 controlling, 26 directive, 26 supportive, 26 project management plan, 126, 129, 347, 431, 440, 467, 574, 575 approval, 131 updates to, 87, 431, 440 project management software, 261 project management team, 29, 335, 338, 342 project manager, 16-20, 29, 72, 109, 341, 346 assigned early in the process, 72 powers of, 359 role as integrator, 107 project performance appraisals, 358 project requirements. See also requirements, 166 project schedule network diagram. See network diagrams project schedule. See also schedule, 216, 236, 258, 467 project scope, 161 project scope statement, 172, 575 project selection, 118 comparative approach, 119 economic models, 119 mathematical approach, 119 project sponsor, 107, 129, 134, 336 project statement of work (SOW), 124 project team, 29, 338 proposal review, 496 proprietary information, 555 prototypes, 167 purchase orders, 461, 472 pure (insurable) risk, 417 Q qualified seller list (prequalified seller list), 495 quality checklist, 311 definition of, 293 impact of poor quality, 297 metrics, 311 responsibility for, 297 standards, 300 theorists, 294 quality audits, 312 quality management, 291, 315 definition of, 294 process, 321 tools and techniques, 316 quality management plan, 310, 413 quality requirements, 166 quality tools, seven basic, 302, 314 quantitative probability and impact, determining, 422 questionnaires, 167 R RACI chart (responsible, accountable, consult, and inform), 348 recognition and reward systems, 350, 357 records management system, 505 reestimating, 230, 239 regression analysis, 211 request for bid. See invitation for bid request for information (RFI), 486 request for proposal (RFP), 460, 486 request for quotation (RFQ), 460, 486 request for tender. See request for proposal requirements, 159, 162, 163, 164-171, 315, 383, 529 documentation, 168 functional, 166 nonfunctional, 166 resolving competing, 170 types of, 166 requirements management plan, 126, 127, 163 requirements traceability matrix, 170 reserve analysis, 215, 261, 265, 438 reserves (contingency), 432 residual risks, 431 resource breakdown structure (RBS), 206, 208, 349 resource cost rates, 261 resource histogram, 351 resource leveling, 235Index resource optimization, 235 resource smoothing, 235 respect, 549, 553, 556 responsibility, 549, 552, 555 responsibility assignment matrix (RAM), 348 return on investment (ROI), 256 risk, sources of, 416 risk, types of, 417 risk appetite, 408 risk audits, 438 risk averse, 408 risk categories, 416, 421 risk data quality assessment, 421 risk factors, 408 risk management, 405 common errors, 440 definition of concepts, 407 inputs and outputs, 409, 411 process, 414, 441 risk management plan, 415 risk mitigation strategies. See risk response strategies risk owners, 432 risk reassessments, 438 risk register, 209, 258, 418, 421, 427, 431, 439, 467 risk response strategies, 428, 436 accept threats or opportunities, 429 avoid threats, 428 enhance opportunities, 429 exploit opportunities, 429 mitigate threats, 429 share opportunities, 429 transfer (deflect, allocate) threats, 429 risks, closure, 439 risk threshold, 408 risk tolerance, 408 risk triggers, 432 risk urgency assessment, 421 Ritas Process Chart, 4, 49, 108, 160, 197, 254, 292, 334, 382, 406, 458, 528 roles and responsibilities, 335, 415 functional manager, 340 portfolio manager, 343 program manager, 344 project management team, 342 project manager, 341, 346 project sponsor or initiator, 336 project team, 338 stakeholders, 339 rolling wave planning, 78, 201 rough order of magnitude (ROM) estimate, 262 rule of seven, 306, 308 salience models, 532 sample, 309 scatter diagram, 302, 308 schedule. See project schedule schedule baseline, 127, 236, 238 schedule compression, 228 schedule management plan, 200 schedule model, 216, 236 schedule network analysis, 218 schedule performance index (SPI), 267, 270 schedules, unrealistic, 205, 228, 229, 551 schedule variance (SV), 267 scope baseline, 127, 257 scope management, 159 process, 162 scope management plan, 163 screening system, 496 secondary risks, 432 seller proposal (price quote or bid), 495 sellers, 462 sensitivity analysis, 423 Sequence Activities, 201 sharing ratio, 479 sigma, 305, 314 3 sigma, 305, 310 6 sigma, 305, 310 SIPOC, 303 Six Sigma, 310 slack. See float solution requirements, 166 source selection criteria, 466, 488 special cause variation, 306, 308 special provisions (special conditions), 489 specification limits, 306, 308 sponsor. See project sponsor staffing management plan, 350 stakeholder analysis, 532 stakeholder engagement, 534, 537 leading, 534 neutral, 534 resistant, 534 supportive, 534 unaware, 534 stakeholder engagement assessment matrix, 535 stakeholder expectations, 529, 538 stakeholder management, 28, 527 stakeholder register, 299, 383, 414, 467, 532 stakeholder requirements, 166, 168, 529Index stakeholders, 18, 28, 164, 168, 339, 381, 383, 392, 527-547 relationships with, 533 standard contract, 488 standard deviation (SD), 212, 215, 310, 314 start-to-finish (SF), 202 start-to-start (SS), 202 statistical independence, 314 statistical sampling, 309 status report, 393 sunk costs, 123 surveys, 167 SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats), 418 T tally sheet. See checksheet target price, 479 team-building activities, 355 team formation and development, Tuckmans stages of, 356 adjourning, 356 forming, 356 norming, 356 performing, 356 storming, 356 team performance assessment, 357 teams, types of, 352 dedicated, 352 partnership, 352 part-time, 352 virtual, 352, 353 technical requirements, 166 threats, 408 three-point estimating, 211 tight matrix, 30, 357 time and material (T&M) contracts, 470, 472, 477, 503 time management, 197 time reserves, 215 to-complete performance index (TCPI), 268 total float, 219 total quality management (TQM), 297 training, 356 transition requirements, 166 tree diagrams, 313 trend report, 393 triangular distribution (simple average), 211 u uncertainty, 408 unit price contracts. See time and material (T&M) contracts V Validate Scope, 182 value analysis, 255 variable costs, 257 variance at completion, 267 variance report, 393 verified deliverables, 183 w war room, 357 watch list, 420, 421 WBS dictionary, 180 weighting system, 496 workarounds, 438 work authorization system, 133 work breakdown structure (WBS), 173 as foundation of project, 179 working capital, 123 work packages, 177 work performance data, 35, 48, 82, 85, 90, 125, 131, 132, 183, 185, 395,414, 575 work performance information, 35, 239, 266, 395, 439, 507, 540, 575 work performance reports
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