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عدد المساهمات : 19002 التقييم : 35506 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Machine Design الخميس 08 فبراير 2024, 12:58 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Machine Design S G Kulkarni Department of Mechanical Engineering Government College of Engineering Aurangabad
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Preface xiii 1 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS 1 1.1 Force, Torque 1 1.2 Work, Power and Energy 2 1.3 Machine and Machine Elements 3 Worked Examples 3 Objective Questions 4 Review Questions 5 Practice Problems 5 Answers 5 2 DESIGN PROCEDURE, SIMPLE STRESSES 6 2.1 Induced Stress 6 2.2 Strength 6 2.3 LoadCapacity 6 2.4 Design of Machine Member 6 2.5 Factor of Safety 7 2.6 Design Procedure 7 2.7 Simple Stress: Different Situations 7 2.8 Manufacturing Tolerances 11 Worked Examples 12 Objective Questions 25 Review Questions 27 Practice Problems 28 Answers 31 3 COMBINED STRESSES: THEORIES OF FAILURE 32 3.1 Definition 32 3.2 Combined Bending Moment and Axial Load 32 3.3 Design Equation 32 3.4 Combined Normal and Shear Stress 33 3.5 Theories of Failure 34 3.6 Forms of Design Equations to be Used in Practice 35 3.7 Mohrs Circle Diagram 35 3.8 Practical Design Aspects 35 Worked Examples 36viii Contents Objective Questions 41 Review Questions 42 Practice Problems 43 Answers 45 4 VARIABLE LOADING 46 4.1 Types 46 4.2 Endurance Limit 46 4.3 Design Equation for Machine Element Subjected to Variable Loading 47 4.4 Stress Concentration 49 4.5 Notch Sensitivity 49 4.6 Miners Equation 50 4.7 Loading in the Finite Life Range 50 4.8 Another form of Goodman Diagram 50 4.9 Designing for Variable Loading with Combined Stresses 50 4.10 Practical Design Aspects 51 Worked Examples 52 Objective Questions 60 Review Questions 61 Practice Problems 62 Answers 65 5 COTTER AND KNUCKLE JOINT 66 5.1 Introduction 66 5.2 Cotter Joint 66 5.3 Design Procedure 66 5.4 Knuckle Joint or Pin Joint 66 Worked Examples 66 Objective Questions 73 Review Questions 74 Practice Problems 74 Answers 75 6 DESIGN OF LEVERS 76 6.1 Introduction 76 6.2 Design Materials and Procedures 76 Worked Examples 76 Objective Questions 82 Review Questions 82 Practice Problems 82 Answers 84 7 SHAFTS AND COUPLINGS 85 7.1 Introduction 85 7.2 Design Equation 85 7.3 Weakening Effect 86 7.4 Different Types of Couplings 86Contents ix Worked Examples 86 Objective Questions 99 Review Questions 100 Practice Problems 101 Answers 104 8 SPRINGS 105 8.1 Definition 105 8.2 Functions of Springs 105 8.3 Classification of Springs 105 8.4 Material 105 8.5 Design Equations for Close Coiled Helical Spring 105 8.6 Active Number of Turns N 107 8.7 Design of Carriage Spring 107 8.8 Spring with Extra Full Length Leaves 108 8.9 Design of Spring Subjected to Variable Load 109 8.10 Springs with Non-Circular Cross Section 110 8.11 Surging of Helical Compression Spring 110 Worked Examples 110 Objective Questions 119 Review Questions 120 Practice Problems 121 Answers 124 9 BOLT LOADING 125 9.1 Introduction 125 9.2 Design of Bolts for Easy Situation 125 9.3 Preloading of Bolts 126 9.4 Advantages of Preloading 127 9.5 Use of Spring Washers and Gaskets 127 9.6 Eccentric Loading of Bolts 127 Worked Examples 129 Objective Questions 135 Review Questions 136 Practice Problems 137 Answers 140 10 POWER SCREW 141 10.1 Introduction 141 10.2 Thread Profiles 141 10.3 Efficiency and Power Loss Due to Friction 141 10.4 Column Effect 143 10.5 Design Procedure 143 10.6 Other Varieties of Screws 144 Worked Examples 145 Objective Questions 158 Review Questions 159x Contents Practice Problems 160 Answers 161 11 BELT, ROPE AND CHAIN DRIVE 162 11.1 Introduction 162 11.2 Types 162 11.3 Length of the Belt 163 11.4 Ratio of Tensions and Power Transmission 163 11.5 Centrifugal Tension 165 11.6 Flat and V Belt Comparison 165 11.7 Strength of Belt 166 11.8 Creep 166 11.9 Design Procedure 167 11.10 Design of Chain Drive 167 Worked Examples 168 Objective Questions 177 Review Questions 178 Practice Problems 179 Answers 182 12 BRAKES 183 12.1 Types of Brakes 183 12.2 Material 183 12.3 Design of Brakes 183 12.4 Block Brakes or Short Shoe Brake 183 12.5 Band Brake 184 12.6 Long Shoe Brakes 185 12.7 Pivoted Type Shoe Brake 187 12.8 Heat Dissipation in Brakes 188 Worked Examples 188 Objective Questions 199 Review Questions 200 Practice Problems 201 Answers 206 13 CLUTCHES 207 13.1 Introduction 207 13.2 Principle of Friction Clutches 207 13.3 Practical Design Aspects 209 13.4 Theory of Centrifugal Clutch 209 Worked Examples 210 Objective Questions 215 Review Questions 217 Practice Problems 218 Answers 220 14 SPUR GEAR 221 14.1 Definitions 221 14.2 Design Equations 223Contents xi 14.3 Wear Strength 224 14.4 Dynamic Tooth Load 224 14.5 Practical Design Aspects 226 Worked Examples 226 Objective Questions 240 Review Questions 241 Practice Problems 242 Answers 246 15 HELICAL GEARS 247 15.1 Introduction 247 15.2 Force Analysis 247 15.3 Equivalent Spur Gear: Formative Number of Teeth 248 15.4 Design Equations 248 15.5 Practical Design Aspects 249 Worked Examples 249 Objective Questions 258 Review Questions 260 Practice Problems 260 Answers 262 16 BEVEL GEARS 263 16.1 Introduction 263 16.2 Equivalent Relationships 264 16.3 Lewis Equation for Bevel Gear 264 16.4 Force Analysis 265 16.5 Practical Design Aspects 266 Worked Examples 266 Objective Questions 274 Review Questions 275 Practice Problems 276 Answers 277 17 WORM GEAR 278 17.1 Introduction 278 17.2 Nomenclature 278 17.3 Design Equations 278 17.4 Practical Design Aspects 279 17.5 Force Analysis 279 Worked Examples 280 Objective Questions 285 Review Questions 286 Practice Problems 287 Answers 288 18 SLIDING CONTACT BEARINGS 289 18.1 Introduction 289 18.2 Viscosity 290xii Contents 18.3 Petroffs Equation 291 18.4 Bearing Characteristic Number 291 18.5 Nomenclature 292 18.6 Heat Generated and Dissipated 293 18.7 Parameters Affecting the Bearing Performance 293 18.8 Sommerfield and Other Dimensionless Numbers 293 Worked Examples 294 Objective Questions 303 Review Questions 304 Practice Problems 305 Answers 307 19 ROLLING CONTACT BEARINGS 308 19.1 Introduction 308 19.2 Construction and Types 308 19.3 Definitions 309 19.4 Selection of Rolling Contact Bearing 311 19.5 Selection for Variable Loading 311 19.6 Preloading or Duplexing 312 19.7 Comparison between the Sliding and Rolling Contact Bearings 312 Worked Examples 313 Objective Questions 317 Review Questions 317 Practice Problems 318 Answers 320 20 MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS 321 20.1 Welded Joints 321 20.2 Design of Welded Joint 321 20.3 Design of Flywheel 323 Worked Examples 325 Objective Questions 331 Review Questions 332 Practice Problems 332 Answers 337 21 STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND OPTIMUM DESIGN 338 21.1 Statistical Considerations 338 21.2 Optimum Design 339 21.3 Statistical Consideration in Deciding Factor of Safety 339 Worked Examples 341 Objective Questions 345 Review Questions 345 Practice Problems 345 Answers 347 Appendix 1 348 Appendix 2 377 Index 390 Index Acme threads 141 Active number of turns in helical springs 107 Addendum 221 Adequate solution 339 AGMA Power rating equation for worm gears 279 Allowable stress 7 Angle of obliquity 222 Angular contact ball bearings 308 Axial load 32 Back cone of bevel gear 264 Band and blockbrakes 183 Band brake 183, 184 Basic static load rating 309 Bearing pressure 8 Belleville spring 105 Belt drives 162 Bending 8 factor 265 gears 263 stress in the rim of flywheel 324 Bilateral method of tolerances 10 Bolt design 95 Box coupling 86 Boyde 293 Buckingham 224 Buckingham equation 249 Bushed pin type of flexible coupling 86 Butt joint 321 Buttress threads 141 Cage or retaining ring 308 Capacity 6 Carriage spring 107 Centrifugal clutch 209 force 1 tension 165 Centripetal force 1 Chain drive 167 Circular pitch 221 Close coiled helical spring 105 Clutch 207 Cold working 51 Combined bending moment and axial load 32 normal and shear stress 33 Condition of correct gearing 222 Cone clutch 207 Conjugate profiles 222 Conrod 308 Cotter joint 66 Creep 166 Cross belt 163 Dedendum 222 Deep groove type ball bearings 308 Design equation 32 procedure 7 Direct compressive stress 8 Direct shear stress 8 Direct tensile stress 7 Disc spring 105 Disengagement factor 209 Double row angular contact ball bearings 309 Double shear 8 Duplexing 312Index 391 Dynamic tooth load 224 Easy situation for bolt design 125 Eccentric loading of bolts 127 Endurance curve 47 limit 46, 49 test setup 47 Energy 2 of distortion 35 Engagement factor 209 speed 210 Epicyclic gear train 226 Equivalent spur gear 248 Euler’s equation 142 Factor of safety 7 Fatigue life 50 Fatigue strength 47 Fillet weld 321 Filling type 308 Flange coupling 86 Flat belt 162 spring 105 Flexible couplings 86 Flywheel 323 Force, torque 1 Forms of design equations 35 Friction clutches 207 Fulcrum 76 Gaskets 127 Gaussian distribution 338 Gerber’s parabola 48 Gib and cotter 66 Goodman’s line 48 Guest theory 34 Heat dissipation in brakes 188 Heat treatment—effect on fatigue strength 51 Helical rollers 309 Helical torsion spring 105 Herringbone gear 249 Hertz’s contact stress equation 224, 310 Hooke’s joint 86 Hoop stress 324 Hydrodynamic bearings 289 Hydrostatic bearings 289 Hydrostatic lubrication 290 Hypo cycloid 222 Hypoid gears 266 Induced stress 6, 7 Initial tightening 126 Inner race 308 Interference 222 interference fit 10 Involute 222 ISO metric threads 125 ISO trapezoidal threads 141 J.B. Johnson’s equation 142 Knuckle joint 66 threads 141 Lanza’s approximation 330 Lap 321 Lasche’s equation 293 Leaf or carriage spring 105 Leaf spring 107 Lewis equation 223 Limit equations 339 Long shoe brakes 183, 185 Machine 2 element 3 Marine coupling 86 Mass moment of inertia 1 Maximum total strain energy theory 34 McKee’s equation 292 Mechanical brakes 183 Miner’s cumulative damage fatigue approach 311 Miner’s equation 50 Minimum number of teeth 222 Module 221 Modulus of elasticity 34 Mohr’s circle diagram 35 Multiple plate type clutch 207 Multistart threads 144 Natural tolerances 339 Newton 290 Non-filling type ball bearings 308 Notch Sensitivity 49 Oldham’s coupling 86 Open belt drive 163392 Index Ordinary cantilever beam 108 Outer race 308 Pair of spur gears 221 Permissible elastic deformation 9 Petroff’s equation 291 Pin joint 66 Pinion 222 Pitch circle diameter 221 Pitch point 221 Pivoted type shoe brakes 183, 187 Pneumatic 183 Poise 290 Poisson’s ratio 34 Power screw 141 Prestressing—effect on fatigue strength 51 Preferred numbers 10 Preloading of bearings 312 of bolts 126 Pressure anglef 222 Primary Design Equation (P.D.E) 339 Principal planes 33 Profiles 222 Protected type of flange coupling 86 R.C. Johnson 339 Rack 222 Raimondi and Boyde 293 Rankine theory 34 Rating life of a group of apparently identical ball 311 Reynold’s equation 293 Ribbed 162 Rigid couplings 86 Rolling contact bearings 308 Rolling elements 308 Round 162 SCF (Stress Concentration Factor) 49 Section modulus 9 Selective assembly 10 Self-aligning ball bearings 308 Self-energizing brakes 184 Self-locking 184, 187 Shaft 85 Shear energy 35 Short shoe brake 183 Single plate type 207 Sleeve and double cotter type 66 Sliding contact bearings 289 Soderberg 48 Solid muff 86 Sommerfield number 293 Spigot and socket type 66 Spiral angle 266 spring 105 Split muff coupling 86 Spring 105 Spring washers 127 Spur gears 226 Square threads 141 St. Venant theory 34 Static equivalent load 311 Strength 6 Strength of belt 166 concentration 49 concentration factor 49 Striebeck equation 310 Subsidiary Design Equation (S.D.E) 339 Tension spring 105 Theories of failure 34 Thick film type lubrication 289 Thin film type lubrication 289 Tightening torque 126 Tommy bar 76 Toothed belt 162 Tredgold’s approximation 264 Turn buckle 157 Twisting 9 Unilateral method of tolerancing 10 Unit 290 V belt 162 Variable load 109 Variable loading 47 Viscosity 290 Von Huber Mises Hencky Theory 35 Wahl’s correction factor 106 Wear strength 224, 265 Welded joints 321 Work, power 2 Worm gear 278 Y factor for gears 223 Zerol bevel gear 266
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