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عدد المساهمات : 19002 التقييم : 35506 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Make: Lego and Arduino Projects الجمعة 12 يناير 2024, 1:31 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Make: Lego and Arduino Projects John Baichtal, Matthew Beckler & Adam Wolf Projects for Extending Mindstorms NXT with Open-Source Electronics
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents iv Contents 4.. Project:.Clock. 69 Parts List 70 Assembly Instructions 74 Program the Robot . 88 Setting the Clock 91 The Next Chapter . 91 5.. Project:.Chocolate.Milk.Maker . 93 Parts List 94 Assembly Instructions 98 Program the Robot . 127 The Next Chapter . 133 6.. Basic.Electronic.Theory 135 Basic Concepts in Electricity 135 Know Your Electronic Components . 140 Sensors 101 . 145 Further Study . 152 7.. Gripperbot 155 Parts List 157 Building Instructions 161 Assembling the Gripperbot’s Electronics . 191 Programming the Gripperbot 192 The Next Chapter . 201 8.. Project:.Keytar 203 Parts List 204 Assembly Instructions 208 Program the Keytar . 230 Play Some Music! . 234 The Next Chapter . 235 9.. Project:.Lamp 237 Parts List 238 Assembly Instructions 243 Program the Lamp 275 The Next Chapter . 281Contents v 10.. Advanced.Techniques 283 Wiring Up Bricktronics Equivalents . 283 Mounting PCBs to Legos 288 Adding Molex Connectors to Lego Wires . 290 All About Motors 291 Powering Your Robot . 294 NXT to Arduino Communication . 298 XBee Wireless Modules . 302 Epilogue 304 Index 305 Index Symbols 3D printing, 35 .apk file, 273 A AC adapter, 295 accelerometor, 151–152 AC-DC voltage, 137 action figure style models, 43 Adafruit DHT-sensor-library, 148 Adafruit Industries, 61, 66 adapting Power Functions wire, 126–133 adding Molex connectors to LEGO wires, 290–291 ADK, 56 ADXL335 3-axis accelerometer, 151 AFOL (Adult Fans of Lego), 70 alkaline batteries, 297 amperes of current, 136 analog input pins, 55 analog reference voltage pin, 54 analog sensors, 149–152 accelerometor, 151–152 FSR, 150 photocell, 150 thermistor, 149 ultrasonic, 150–151 Andersson, Hans, 31 Android app, 273 Android (Google), 238 angle element, 4, 6, 13–20 angles, 38 APC kit, 205 aquarium pump, 100–101 wiring, 100–101 Arduino, 3, 6–20, 49–68, 145, 191, 294, 295 anatomy, 53–55 books, 62–66 chip, 54 code, 67 configure, 26 digital senstors, 146 drawbot, 20–22 ecosystem, 56–62 history, 50–51 IDE, 53 libraries, 27–29 older models, 58–59 OSHW, 51–53 processing and, 24–25 reset button, 54 resources, 62–67 shields, 59–62 sketch, 24–29 wearable, 58 websites, 66–67 Arduino chip, 54 Arduino Code Examples, 67 Arduino Cookbook, 62 Arduino Fio, 56 Arduino Uno vs., 56 Arduino IDE, 53 Arduino library, 279 Arduino Mega 2560, 56 Arduino Motor Shield, 293 Arduino pins, 195 Arduino platform, 49–68 Arduino Playground, 66, 67, 149 Arduino Pro Mini, 57 Arduino Serial Monitor, 280 Arduino Uno, 2, 26, 49–68, 50–68, 69 alternatives, 56–58 anatomy, 53–55 Arduino Fio vs., 56 reset button, 54 Arduino wiki, 66 ARM7 microprocessor, 33 ASCII, 275 ASCII table, 275 Atari Punk Console, 203 ATmega, 55 ATmega8u2 USB interface chip, 54 ATmega16u2 microcontroller, 53 ATmega328 microcontroller chip, 55 ATmega328p microcontroller, 53 ATmega chip, 58 Atmel ARM7 processor, 298 attachInterrupt() function, 275 average_accel_pitch command, 195, 200 average_accel_roll() function, 200 axels, cross, 4, 6–20 with end stop, 4 B back EMF, 293 Banzi, Massimo, 62 batteries, 296–298 alkaline, 297 CR2302 coin cell, 297 dos and don’ts, 297–298 LiIon, 297Battery Pack 306 Index LiPoly, 297 lithium, 297 NiCd, 297 NiMH, 297 Battery Pack, 44 beams, 37 angle, 7–20 double angle, 4–5 half, 13–20 L-shaped, 15–20 technic, 4–5 technic angle, 4–5 with pegs, 9–20 Bildr, 66 Bionicle, 43 bitbanging, 299 black-body radiation, 147 Blink (File | Examples | 01.Basics | Blink) sketch, 26 block connector, 4 cross, 4, 11–20 double cross, 19–20 triangular, 6–20 Bluetooth, 33 Bluetooth Shield, 238, 273, 279 Borenstein, Greg, 66 breadboarding, 3, 20 breadboards, 283, 290 BrickLink, 40 Bricktronics, 3 introduction, 3 mounting plate, 2 plate patterns, dowloading, 288 powering, 295 Shield, 2 Bricktronics breakout boards, 291 Bricktronics::delay_update(1000, &motor) function, 131 Bricktronics Lamp app, 274 Bricktronics library, 88 code, 29 Bricktronics Motor Controller, 155, 158, 191, 283 Bricktronics mounting plate, 2, 19–20 Bricktronics Shield, 2, 69, 71, 155 alternatives to, creating, 283–287 drawbot and, 20–22 library code, using, 29 other shield types and, 60 Bricktronics Ultimate Kit, 5 Bricktronics website, 238, 283 Buechley, Leah, 58 Building Wireless Sensor Networks book, 302 bumpers_hit() function, 29 bushes, 4, 16–20 half, 4, 7–20, 21 bus protocol, 299 Button object, 29 C C++, 24 capacitors, 142 center-positive DC power jack, 53 check_buttons() command, 90 chips, 145 chocolate milk maker, 93–134, 283 adapting Power Functions wire, 126–133 assembly instructions, 98–126 attach syrup bottle, 123 beverage handling, 95 build Lego model, 102–122 build mixing attachment, 124 electronics, 95 food safety, 96 install electronics, 124–133 Lego elements, 97–98 parts list, 94–98 program, 127–132 pump assembly, 98–101 tools, 95 wire up, 124–133 wiring aquarium pump, 100–101 Chrome Block City, 43 clock, 69–92 assembly instructions, 74–87 build Lego model, 76–86 electronics, 70–73 install Arduino, 86–87 parts list, 70–73 prepare gear, 75 program, 88–91 setting, 91 tools, 70–73 cmdbuf, 301 CNC, 35 color sensors, 34 COM port, 275 connector pegs, 11–20 connectors, 37–40, 38 continuity multimeters and, 139 CPU, 55 CR2302 coin cell battery, 297 CRAFT magazine, 67 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License, 283 cross axels, 38 cross connector, 11–20, 21 cross-holes, 16–20 crystal oscillators, 54 current, 136 multimeters and, 139 current error, 132 current_frequency command, 233 current_slot command, 233 curves, halfbeam, 4, 14–20 D Danger Shield, 62 Datalogger Shield, 61 DC brushed motors, 291, 292–293 driving, 292–293 flyback diodes, 293 DC jack, 54 DC motors, 44, 132 hobby/stepper motors vs., 35 Motor Shield and, 60 DC power jack, 294, 295, 296 debouncing, 90 Defusable Clock, 55 derivative term, current error and, 132 Design Institute Ivrea, 50 destination_updates command, 280 Dexter dCompass, 41 Dexter Industries, 41 Dexter Pneumatic Pressure Sensor, 41 Dexter WiFi Sensor, 42 DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, 148 Diavolino, 57 Diecimila, 58 Digi International, 302Index 307 Java Digi-Key, 284, 291 digitalClockDisplay() command, 90 digital input/output pins, 54 digitalRead(pin) function, 146 digital sensors, 146–149 DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, 148 Hall-effect sensor, 146–147 infrared receiver, 148–149 passive infrared (PIR) sensor, 147 tilt sensor, 146 dim_check command, 279 diodes, 142–143 dispense_syrup() function, 131 DIY, 66 drawbot, 1–30 attaching Arduino, 21 Arduino sketch, 27–29 assembly instructions, 6–23 attaching Arduino, 20, 20–22 attaching Bricktronics Shield, 20– 22 attach pen, 23 attaching battery pack, 21 code, 27 Lego chassis, 6–20 lego elements, 3–5 lego model, 6–20 marking pen, 23 motors, 8–20 motor speeds, 27 parts list, 2–5 setting up the programming environment, 26 tools & electronics, 2–3 drop_stir_arm() function, 131 Duemilanove, 58, 296 E Edman, Lenore, 66 electricity, basic concepts, 135 electric potential, 136 electronic components, 140–145 capacitors, 142 diodes, 142–143 inductors, 143–144 integrated circuits, 145 LEDs, 142–143 resistors, 140–141 transistors, 144 electronic music, 203 electronic theory, 135–154 further study, 152 other concepts, 137–140 encoder. See incremental optical quadrature encoder encoder object, 234 endstop Button object, 130 end stops, 17–20 end_time command, 234 Ethernet Shield, 60 Evil Mad Scientist Laboratories, 57, 66 expanding the Mindstorms set, 39– 40 expansion board, 54 F Faludi, Rob, 302 FCR (force-sensitive resistor), 150 FIRST groups, 40 FIRST Lego League, 33 flyback diodes, 293 for loop, 233 Freeduino, 57, 66 freqStep command, 279 friction options, 38 Fry, Benjamin, 24 G gears, 38 GetLoFi, 205 Getting Started With Arduino, 62 Google Play store, 238, 273 Gripperbot, 155–202 assembling electronics, 191 bracers, 161–165 building instructions, 161–190 electronic parts, 157–158 Lego elements, 159–160 parts list, 157–160 programming, 192–201 robot, 165–190 ground, 137–138 ground pin, 54 H Hall-effect sensors, 146–147 handle_button_press command, 234 handle_elbow() function, 201 handle_grip() function, 201 handle_left_tank_tread() function, 195 handlers, 301 handle_spin() function, 201 handle_wrist() function, 201 hardware programmer, 54 header pins, 291 Hero Factory, 43 HiTechnic Acceleration, 41 hobby servos, 35 motors, 294 holding current, 240 holes, 38 hour_position command, 91 humidity sensors, 148 I I2C pins, 55 ICON, 47 ICs (integrated circuits), 145, 205 ICSP programming header pins, 54 IDE, 53 Igoe, Tom, 66 incremental optical quadrature encoder, 37 inductors, 143–144 infrared detectors, 148 infrared LED, 148 infrared receiver, 148–149 in-protocol, 299 Instructables, 67 integral term, current error and, 132 Interactive Servo Motors, 35, 41 ints (data type), 233 I/O pins, 55 IR Receiver, 45 J Java, 24Karvinen, Kimmo 308 Index K Karvinen, Kimmo, 65 Karvinen, Tero, 65 Keytar, 203–236 assembly instructions, 208–230 build Lego model, 208–229 electronics, 204–205 install electronics, 229–230 Lego elements, 206–207 parts list, 204–207 programming, 230–234 tools, 204–205 Kinect, 66 KK series, 284, 291 knobs, 18–20 Krumpus, Michael, 55 L L293D chip, 71 L293D half-bridges, 60 L293D H-bridge chip, 283, 284, 293 L293D motor control, 158 L298 full-bridge motor driver, 60 Ladyada, 66 Ladyada’s Multimeter Tutorial, 139 lamp, 238–282 assembly instructions, 243–275 build Lego model, 244–270 download and install app, 273– 281 electronics, 238–241 install electronics, 271–273 Lego elements, 241–243 parts list, 238–243 program, 275–281 tools, 238–241 LCD screens, 27 LEDs, 34, 54, 142–143 power, 54 left_speed command, 196 Lego modding, 70 sourcing, 73 System, 43 Lego Digital Designer, 190, 243 Lego Education, 40 Lego Group, 31, 32, 37 Lego Mindstorms, 3, 31, 32–39, 158, 241 add-on electronics, 41–42 Android app for, 238 buying more, 40–41 connectors, 37–40 expanding, 39–40 mechanics, 37–40 motors, 3, 35, 35–37 non-Mindstorms lego bricks, 43 non-standard parts, 5 NXT 2.0 set, 5, 31, 34 Technic system, 37 NXT brick, 33–34 NXT set, 32 NXT system, 145 Power Functions, 44–45 sensors, 3 set, 73 Technic beams, 37–40 third-party bricks, 42–43 wires, 37 Lego motor, 35, 39 Lego parlance, 35 Lego pneumatics set, 45 Lego robotics anatomy, 31–48 Lego’s Pneumatics Add-On Set, 41 leJOS, 46 Leonardo, 26 libraries, 27–29 Bricktronics, 27 motor control, 27 PS2 keyboard, 27 liftarm, 13–20 LiIon batteries, 297 Lilypad, 58 Linear Actuator, 45 LiPoly batteries, 297 lithium batteries, 297 logic HIGH (digital sensors), 146 logic LOW (digital sensors), 146 LoL Shield, 61 loop() function, 29, 90, 131, 193, 195, 200, 279 M main loop, 27 MAKE, 67 MAKE: Arduino Bots and Gadgets, 65 MAKE ecosystem, 67 MAKE: Electronics, 152 MAKE Magazine, 64 MAKE: Projects, 67 Maker Shed, 57, 58, 59, 67, 152 motor controler shields at, 293 plate patterns available at, 288 power supplies at, 295 Making Things Move, 66 Making Things See, 66 Making Things Talk, 66 Margolis, Michael, 62 MAX_BACKWARD command, 195 Maxbotix LV-EZ1, 150 MAX_FORWARD command, 195 MAX_PITCH command, 195 MCP23017 I/O port expander, 283, 284 mechanics, 37–40 microcontroller chip, 145 Microsoft, 66 microUSB cable, 26 Mindsensors Motor Multiplexer, 41 Mindstorms motors, 69, 71, 294 Mindstorms, sensors, 34–35 Mindstorms wires, 4, 20, 290 MIN_FREQUENCY command, 233 MIN_NOTE_DURATION command, 234 MIN_PITCH command, 195 minute_position command, 90 MIT Media Lab, 32 modding Lego, 70 Molex connectors, 191 adding to LEGO wires, 290–291 Molex pins, 284 Molex P/N 09-50-8063, 284 Molex P/N 22-01-3047, 284 Motor Controller, 191 motors, 35–37, 291–294 3D printing, 35 DC, 35 DC brushed, 291, 292–293 driving DC brushed, 292–293Index 309 resistance Power Functions wires, 291 powering robots, 294–298 power LED, 54 PowerSSR Tail, 240, 279 ZeroCross Tail vs., 240 power supply, 295 PowerSwitch Tail, 100 PowerSwitch Tails, 240, 276 printDigits() command, 90 process_incoming_command() function, 193 Processing, 24 Arduino and, 24–25 sketch, 24 Programmable Brick, 32 programming, 45–47 projects chocolate milk maker, 93–134 clock, 69–92 drawbot, 1–30 Gripperbot, 155–202 Keytar, 203–236 lamp, 238–282 parts list, 2–5 proportional-integral-derivative (PID), 132 proportional term, current error and, 132 PTC, 54 pullup resistor, 301 pump_milk() function, 131 PUMP_TIME command, 130, 131 PWM (pulse-width modulation), 36, 54, 71, 294 R raise_stir_arm() function, 131 RAM, 55, 58 RC aircraft, 294 RCX brick, 32, 33 NXT vs., 33 Real Time Clock chip, 61 Reas, Casey, 24 register, 299 remote controls, 45 reset button, 54 resistance, 136 multimeters and, 139 Open Source movement, 67 Open Source Software, 52 Open Source Hardware vs., 52 openwashing, 52 optical beam blocked state, 37 optical beam not blocked state, 37 optical quadrature encoders, 36 OSHW, 51–53 Oskay, Windell, 66 outbuf array, 301 P PaB (pick a brick) stores, 40 parallel connection, 138–140 PCB (printed circuit board), 36, 37, 283 mounting to LEGO, 288–290 PC motherboards, 299 Peeron, 5, 37 pegs, 4 included in Technic sets, 38 Philipp Tiefenbacher’s Parametrized Lego Bricks, 43 photocell, 150 Pick a Brick stores, 40 PID control, 132 PID (proportional-integralderivative), 132 loop, 90 Motor object, 131 tuning, 132 pinMode(pin, INPUT_PULLUP) function, 146 pins, 38 PIR sensors, 147 plate connector, 21 triangular, 6–20 Platt, Charles, 152 Pneumatics, 45 Pong, 59 potentiometers, 205 power connections, 54 Power Functions, 44–45 adapting, 126–133 components, 44 extension wire, 291 product line, 44 Power Functions motors, 158, 191 hobby servos, 35 Interactive Servo, 35, 41 Mindstorms, 35–37 NXT connector, 36 servo, 291, 294 stepper, 35, 291, 293 Motor Shield, 60 mounting PCBs to LEGO, 288–290 Mouser, 284, 291 MOVE block, 45 m_pos command, 90 multimeter, 139 multiplier, 141 N next_loop command, 90 NiCd batteries, 297 NiMH batteries, 297 nonstandard parts, 5 sourcing, 5 Nootropic Design, 55 note_duration command, 233 NUM_OF_READINGS command, 194, 195, 199 Nunchuk libraries, 194 Nunchuks (Wii), 155 NXC, 46, 300, 301 NXT bots, 33 NXT brick to Arduino communication, 298– 302 NXT-G programming environment, 45 NXT Intelligent Brick, 33–34 Mindsensors Motor Multiplex and, 41 NXT-G programming environment and, 45 RCX vs., 33 NXT jack, 291 NXT microcontroller bricks, 70 NXT motors, 295 NXT projects, 145 O Ohm's Law, 136–137 Open Source Hardware, 52 Open Source Software vs., 52resistors 310 Index time_t struct, 90 Time Twister clock, 31 TIP120 transistors, 283 Torrone, Phillip, 52 touch sensors, 34 transistors, 144 treads, 38 TRIAC component, 240 triangles, technic, 4 tubes, 4, 9–20 TxD pins, 279 U UART, 54 receive pins, 54 transmit pins, 54 ultimate kids’ robotic construction set, 32 ultrasonic sensors, 34, 150–151 microphones, 34 sound emitters, 34 USB A-B cable, 26 USB-B jack, 53 USB connectors, 294, 295–296 USB interface, 33, 57 USB serial port, 90 USB-to-serial chip, 58 V VDC, voltage-measuring mode on a multimeter, 139 Vernier Environmental Science Package, 42 VEX, 46 Video Game Shield, 59 Voice Shield, 59 voltage, 136 multimeters and, 139 voltage spike, 293 volt regulator, 54 W wait_for_start_press_and_release() function, 131 watch_for_input command, 233 Wayne and Layne, LLC, 283, 288 wheels, 38 Solarbotics Nunchucky plugs, 195 sourcing Lego, 73 Sparkfun, 52, 57, 62 start_pump() function, 130 start_stir() function, 130 startstop Button object, 130 STEM teachers, 40 stepper motors, 35, 291, 293 stir_arm PIDMotor object, 130 stir_chocolate_milk() function, 131 STIR_TIME command, 130, 131 stop_pump() function, 130 stop_stir() function, 131 Sullins PEC36SFCN, 284 syrup_arm PIDMotor object, 130 SYRUP_WAIT command, 130, 131 T tank treads, 190 Technic beams, 37–40, 39, 289 with snaps, 4 Technic elements, 37 angles, 38 beams, 37 connectors, 38 cross axels, 38 friction options, 38 gears, 38 holes, 38 pegs, 38 pins, 38 treads, 38 wheels, 38 Technic holes, 21, 39 teens’ robotics championship, 33 temperature sensors, 148 multimeters and, 139 The Brick Machine Shop, 42 thermistor, 149 The (Unspoken) Rules of Open Source Hardware editorial, 52 Thingiverse, 43 Three-axis digital compass, 41 3D printing, 35 tilt sensors, 41, 146 timeout, 27 timeout_expired() function, 29 TimerOne, 279 TIME_STEP command, 90 resistors, 140–141 determining rating, 141 tolerance, 141 rest_duration command, 233 right_speed command, 201 RIS. See Robotics Invention System (Mindstorms) RJ12 connectors, 37 Roberts, Dustyn, 66 RobotC, 46 Robotics Invention System (Mindstorms), 32, 37 RxD pins, 279 S SCL, 300 SDA, 300 SD card, 61 seeds, 29 sensors, 34–35, 145–152 analog, 149–152 bump, 17–20 color, 34 digital, 146–149 pneumatic pressure, 41 tilt, 41 touch, 17–20, 34 ultrasonic, 34 WiFi, 42 serial buffer, 193 Serial Console, 275 Serial.print(‘a’) function, 304 serial UART receive pins, 54 serial UART transmit pins, 54 serial.write(), 196 Series 2 XBee modules, 302 series connection, 138–140 Servo Motor, 3 servo motors, 291, 294 setup() function, 29, 130, 131, 193, 195, 200, 233, 279 setup_loads() function, 130 shields, 54, 59–62 Sketchbook Location, 27 slot_button command, 233 slot_frequency command, 233 Smoothing, 195 Snake, 59 Solarbotics, 57Index 311 Z zero_cross boolean, 281 zero_cross command, 280 zero_cross_detect command, 279, 280 Zero Cross output pin, 279 ZeroCross Tail, 240 PowerSSR Tail vs., 240 wheels, belt, 4, 12–20 while loop, 233 Wii controllers nunchuks, 156 Wii nunchuks, 59 wireless card, 155 wires, 37 wiring up Bricktronics equivalents, 283–287 Wiznet W5100 chip, 60 X XBee modules series 2, 302 nodes, 191 shield, 156, 191 wireless board, 158 wireless modules, 56, 302–304
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