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| موضوع: كتاب Introduction to Health and Safety at Work - Sixth Edition الأربعاء 29 نوفمبر 2023, 2:01 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Introduction to Health and Safety at Work - Sixth Edition For the NEBOSH National General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety Phil Hughes MBE, MSc, CFIOSH Chairman NEBOSH 1995–2001. President of IOSH 1990–1991 Ed Ferrett PhD, BSc (Hons Eng), CEng, MIMechE, MIET, CMIOSH Vice Chairman NEBOSH 1999–2008
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents 3. Health and safety management systems – Organising – DO 1 61 3.1 Organisational health and safety roles and responsibilities of employers, directors, managers and supervisors .62 3.2 Concept of health and safety culture and its significance in the management of health and safety in an organisation 67 3.3 Human factors which influence behaviour at work .69 3.4 How health and safety behaviour at work can be improved .76 3.5 Further information 88 3.6 Practice revision questions 88 Appendix 3.1 Leadership actions for directors and board members 90 Appendix 3.2 Detailed health and safety responsibilities .92 Appendix 3.3 Safety culture questionnaire 94 Appendix 3.4 List of typical legislation requiring health and safety training .95 4. Health and safety management systems – Risk assessment and controls – DO 2 97 4.1 Principles and practice of risk assessment 98 4.2 General principles of prevention in relation to risk reduction measures .113 4.3 Sources of health and safety information 114 4.4 Factors that should be considered when developing and implementing a safe system of work for general work activities .115 4.5 Role and function of a permit-to-work system .119 4.6 Emergency procedures and arrangements for contacting the emergency services .123 4.7 Requirements for, and effective provision of, first-aid in the workplace 125 4.8 Further information 128 4.9 Practice revision questions 128 Appendix 4.1 Hazard checklist .130 Appendix 4.2 Risk assessment example 1: Hairdressing salon 131 Appendix 4.3 Risk assessment example 2: Office cleaning 133 Appendix 4.4 Asbestos examples of safe systems of work .135 List of illustrations viii Preface xvi Acknowledgements xviii About the authors xix How to use this book and what it covers xx List of principal abbreviations xxiv Safety signs xxvii 1. Foundations in health and safety .1 1.1 The scope and nature of occupational health and safety 2 1.2 Moral, legal and financial reasons for promoting good standards of health and safety 4 1.3 The legal framework for the regulation of health and safety including sources and types of law 7 1.4 The scope, duties and offences of employers, managers, employees and others under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 15 1.5 The scope, duties and offences of employers, managers, employees and others under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations .28 1.6 The legal and organisational health and safety roles and responsibilities of clients and their contractors .29 1.7 The principles of assessing and managing contractors .33 1.8 Further information 36 1.9 Practice revision questions 37 Appendix 1.1 Checklist for supply chain health and safety management .39 Appendix 1.2 Pre-construction information .40 Appendix 1.3 Construction phase plan 41 Appendix 1.4 The health and safety file .42 2. Health and safety management systems – PLAN .43 2.1 Key elements of a health and safety management system .44 2.2 Purpose and importance of setting a policy for health and safety 51 2.3 Key features and appropriate content of an effective health and safety policy 51 2.4 Further information 57 2.5 Practice revision questions 58 Appendix 2.1 Health and Safety Policy checklist .59Contents vi 10.2 Hazards and controls for hand-held tools .269 10.3 Mechanical and non-mechanical hazards of machinery 274 10.4 Control measures for reducing risks from machinery hazards .279 10.5 Further information 291 10.6 Practice revision questions 292 11. Electrical safety 295 11.1 Principles, hazards and risks associated with the use of electricity at work .296 11.2 Control measures when working with electrical systems or using electrical equipment in all workplace conditions .304 11.3 Further information 314 11.4 Practice revision questions 314 12. Fire safety .317 12.1 Fire initiation, classification, spread and legal requirements .318 12.2 Fire risk assessment 327 12.3 Fire prevention and prevention of fire spread 331 12.4 Fire alarm system and fire-fighting arrangements .340 12.5 Evacuation of a workplace .347 12.6 Further information 353 12.7 Practice revision questions 353 Appendix 12.1 Fire risk assessment checklist .355 Appendix 12.2 Typical fire notice .356 13. Chemical and biological health hazards and risk control 357 13.1 Forms of, classification of, and health risks from hazardous substances .358 13.2 Assessment of health risks 362 13.3 Occupational exposure limits .371 13.4 Control measures .373 13.5 Specific agents .382 13.6 Safe handling and storage of waste .392 13.7 Further information 395 13.8 Practice revision questions 396 Appendix 13.1 GHS Hazard (H) Statements (Health only) .398 Appendix 13.2 Hazardous properties of waste 399 Appendix 13.3 Different types of protective gloves . 400 14. Physical and psychological health hazards and risk control 401 14.1 Noise 402 14.2 Vibration .408 14.3 Radiation 413 14.4 Stress .419 14.5 Further information 421 14.6 Practice revision questions 422 15. Summary of the main legal requirements 425 15.1 Introduction 426 5. Health and safety management systems – Monitoring, investigation and recording – CHECK .139 5.1 Active and reactive monitoring 140 5.2 Investigating incidents .149 5.3 Recording and reporting incidents .157 5.4 Further information 163 5.5 Practice revision questions 163 Appendix 5.1 Workplace inspection exercises 165 Appendix 5.2 Information for insurance/ compensation claims .167 6. Health and safety management systems – Audit and review – ACT .169 6.1 Health and safety auditing .170 6.2 Review of health and safety performance .173 6.3 Further information 176 6.4 Practice revision questions 176 7. Workplace hazards and risk control 177 7.1 Health, welfare and work environment requirements 178 7.2 Violence at work 181 7.3 Substance misuse at work .185 7.4 Safe movement of people in the workplace 186 7.5 Working at height .192 7.6 Hazards and control measures for works of a temporary nature .205 7.7 Construction activities 207 7.8 Further information 215 7.9 Practice revision questions 216 Appendix 7.1 Checklist of typical scaffolding faults . 218 Appendix 7.2 Inspection recording form with timing and frequency chart 219 8. Transport hazards and risk control 221 8.1 Safe movement of vehicles in the workplace 222 8.2 Driving at work .227 8.3 Further information 231 8.4 Practice revision questions 231 9. Musculoskeletal hazards and risk control .233 9.1 Work-related upper limb disorders .234 9.2 Manual handling hazards, risks and control measures .238 9.3 Manually operated load handling equipment .243 9.4 Powered load handling equipment 245 9.5 Further information 254 9.6 Practice revision questions 254 Appendix 9.1 A typical risk assessment for the use of lifting equipment .256 Appendix 9.2 Examples of manually operated load handling equipment .257 Appendix 9.3 Safe use of fork-lift trucks (based on an HSE document) .258 10. Work equipment hazards and risk control 259 10.1 General requirements for work equipment 260Contents vii 15.30 The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 2008 as amended .515 15.31 Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 516 15.32 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 and 2013 .518 15.33 Work at Height Regulations 2005 as amended in 2007 .520 15.34 The Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2011 .524 15.35 Other relevant legislation in brief .525 16. Environmental, international and other aspects of health and safety .537 16.1 Introduction 538 16.2 Environmental considerations 538 16.3 International issues 544 16.4 Health and safety in the home .551 16.5 Safe cycling 553 16.6 Further information 554 Appendix 16.1 Scaffolds and ladders .555 Appendix 16.2 International travel tips 555 17. Study skills .557 17.1 Introduction 558 17.2 Find a place to study 558 17.3 Make a study plan 558 17.4 Time management .558 17.5 Blocked thinking .559 17.6 Taking notes .559 17.7 Reading for study .559 17.8 Free learning resources from the Open University .559 17.9 Organising for revision .560 17.10 Organising information .560 17.11 Being aware of your learning style .562 17.12 How does memory work? .562 17.13 How to deal with exams 563 17.14 The examiners’ reports 564 17.15 Conclusion .565 17.16 Further information 565 18. Specimen answers to practice questions .567 18.1 Introduction 568 18.2 The written examinations 568 18.3 GC3 – the practical application .573 Appendix 18.1 Practical application report .577 Appendix 18.2 Practical application observation sheets 581 19. International sources of information and guidance .587 19.1 Introduction 588 19.2 How to search the internet effectively 588 19.3 Some useful websites .590 19.4 Health and safety forms .592 INDEX 629 15.2 The legal framework 427 15.3 List of Acts, orders and regulations summarised .430 15.4 HSW Act 1974 as amended in 2015 432 15.5 Environmental Protection Act 1990 .436 15.6 Control of Artificial Optical Radiation at Work Regulations 2010 446 15.7 Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures Regulation (European) adopting into EU UN Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) .447 15.8 Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 .451 15.9 Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 2015 452 15.10 Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 .462 15.11 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002 and 2004 Amendment .463 15.12 Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 2002 467 15.13 Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 .470 15.14 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 .473 15.15 Employers’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 and Regulations 1998 amended in 2002, 2004 and 2008 .474 15.16 Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 .475 15.17 Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 as amended 484 15.18 Health and Safety (Information for Employees) Regulations 1989 .485 15.19 Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005 .485 15.20 Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 487 15.21 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998 as amended in 2002 .488 15.22 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 as amended in 2003 and 2006 .491 15.23 Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHO) 1992 as amended in 2002 494 15.24 Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 .497 15.25 Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 and 2013 500 15.26 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (except Part IV) as amended in 2002 and 2013 .502 15.27 The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 .506 15.28 Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 511 15.29 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996 .512viii List of illustrations Figures 1.1 People at work ( Beci Phipps) 3 1.2 Insured and uninsured costs ( Beci Phipps) .6 1.3 The court system in England and Wales for health and safety showing the principal courts ( Beci Phipps) .9 1.4 Sub-divisions and sources of law ( Beci Phipps) .12 1.5 Diagrammatic view of ‘reasonably practicable’ ( Beci Phipps) 14 1.6 HSW Act .16 1.7 Employees at work ( Alexander Raths Shutterstock) 18 1.8 The inspector inspects ( Lisa F. Young Shutterstock) 19 1.9 NEBOSH is in control here (former premises) ( NEBOSH) 24 1.10 Typical supply chain ( Beci Phipps) 25 1.11 Inadequate chair – it should have five feet and an adjustable backrest – take care when buying second-hand 26 1.12 Diagram showing the main external agencies that impact on the workplace 27 1.13 Good standards prevent harm and save money ( Beci Phipps) .28 1.14 Domestic client: CDM applies but not notifiable because a short duration project ( Phil Hughes) .33 1.15 Large-scale contract: CDM applies and it is notifiable ( Phil Hughes) .33 1.16 Contractors at work using a lorry-mounted loading grab ( Phil Hughes) 34 2.1 The Plan, Do, Check, Act management cycle ( Beci Phipps) 45 2.2 PLAN part of the cycle involves Policy and Planning ( Beci Phipps) 47 2.3 Well-presented policy documents ( Beci Phipps) .51 2.4 (a) Part of a policy commitment ( Beci Phipps) .52 2.4 (b) Responsibilities ( Beci Phipps) 52 2.5 SMART performance standards or objectives ( Beci Phipps) 53 2.6 Working with employees and providing information is a good policy ( Beci Phipps) .56 2.7 Providing guidance and training is essential ( Beci Phipps) .56 2.8 The policy might be good but is it put into practice – unsafe use of a ladder ( mikeledray / Shutterstock.com) .57 2.9 Emergency procedures ( Henry Ho Shutterstock) .60 2.10 Reach truck in warehouse ( Corepics VOF Shutterstock) 60 3.1 DO part of the management cycle involves Risk Profiling (Chapter 4), Organising and Implementing plans ( Beci Phipps) 62 3.2 Everyone from senior management down has health and safety responsibilities ( Beci Phipps) .63 3.3 Safety practitioner at the front line ( ndoeljindoel Shutterstock) .66 3.4 Safety investment .67 3.5 Heinrich’s accidents/incidents ratios ( Beci Phipps) .69 3.6 Well-designed workstation for sitting or standing 71 3.7 Poor working conditions .72 3.8 Motivation and activity 73 3.9 Visual perception: (a) Are the lines of the same length? (b) Faces or vase? (c) Face or saxophone player? 73 3.10 Types of human failure ( Beci Phipps) .74 3.11 Health and Safety Law poster – must be displayed or brochure given to employees 79 3.12 The law on consulting employees about health and safety in your workplace. References to the Regulations are colourcoded to help find the parts that are most relevant to a particular organisation: for workplaces where the Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 apply; for workplaces where the Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 apply (Source: HSE INDG232(rev1)) .80List of illustrations ix 3.13 Health and safety training needs and opportunities ( Beci Phipps) .83 3.14 Internal influences on safety culture ( Beci Phipps) .85 3.15 External influences on safety culture ( Beci Phipps) .87 4.1 Risk assessment or profiling is covered by the DO part of the management cycle ( Beci Phipps) .98 4.2 Reducing the risk – finding an alternative safer method when fitting a wall-mounted boiler .99 4.3 Accident at work .100 4.4 Bird’s well-known accident triangle ( Beci Phipps) .100 4.5 Five steps to risk assessment ( Beci Phipps) .102 4.6 Proper control of gases and vapours in a laboratory ( emin kuliyev Shutterstock) .105 4.7 Colour categories and shapes of signs .105 4.8 Examples of warning, mandatory and prohibition signs 105 4.9 Falling object and construction site entrance signs 106 4.10 Wet floor signs .106 4.11 Examples of chemical warning signs 106 4.12 Examples of fire safety signs 106 4.13 Examples of fire action signs 106 4.14 Examples of first-aid signs 106 4.15 LPG sign .107 4.16 Smoke-free – no smoking sign .107 4.17 Fragile roof signs 107 4.18 Emergency shower and eye wash station where there is a serious risk of chemical contamination ( Shutterstock) 109 4.19 Good dust control for a chasing operation. A dust mask is still required for complete protection 110 4.20 Respiratory protection and disposable overalls are needed when working in high levels of asbestos dust .110 4.21 A lone worker – special arrangements required ( istockphoto) .112 4.22 When controls break down ( Pictureguy Shutterstock) 113 4.23 Checking the label for health risks 114 4.24 Multipadlocked hasp for locking off an isolation valve – each worker puts on their own padlock 115 4.25 A hot work permit is usually essential for welding, cutting and burning except in designated areas like a welding shop .121 4.26 Entering a confined space with breathing apparatus, rescue tripod and rescue watcher .122 4.27 Emergency services at work 123 4.28 (left) First-aid and stretcher sign (right) First-aid sign 126 4.29 Flow chart showing courses to be completed over a 3-year certification period for EFAW and FAW. The dotted line indicates the route to be taken in subsequent years after completion of the relevant course at year 3 127 5.1 CHECK involves measuring performance and investigating incidents ( Beci Phipps) 141 5.2 Effective Risk control (Source: HSE) ( Beci Phipps) .142 5.3 Poor conditions: (a) inspection needed; (b) inspection in progress (c) Poor conditions in offices can cause accidents ( trek and shoot shutterstock) 144 5.4 A dangerous occurrence – fire (Source: Alamy) ( Jason Salmon Shutterstock) 149 5.5 Accident at work – reconstruction of a ladder accident showing where the deceased person was found under the ladder which had toppled over while he was attempting to adjust the height of the extending ladder ( Phil Hughes) .150 5.6 (a) Accident; (b) near miss (includes dangerous occurrence) damage only; (c) undesired circumstances ( HSE) .151 5.7 F. E. Bird’s well-known accident triangle ( Beci Phipps) .152 5.8 Appropriate levels of investigation (Source: HSE) 153 5.9 Questions to be asked in an investigation ( Beci Phipps) .154 5.10 (a) The Accident Book BI 510 (Second Edition) ISBN 97807176640580 HSE; (b) Record form from BI 510 HSE .157–8 5.11 Office 165 5.12 Road repair 165 5.13 Workshop .166 5.14 Roof repair/unloading 166 6.1 ACT part of the health and safety management system ( Beci Phipps) 170 6.2 The Audit Process ( Beci Phipps) .171 6.3 Using the audit questions for interviews and collecting information ( Beci Phipps) .172 6.4 The audit report should be reviewed by senior managers with an action plan and follow-up ( Beci Phipps) .173 6.5 Review of performance ( Beci Phipps) 174 6.6 Continual improvement part of the health and safety management process ( Beci Phipps) .175 7.1 Welfare washing facilities: Washbasin large enough for people to wash their forearms ( bikeriderlondon Shutterstock) 178 7.2 Natural ventilation in a building (Source: HSE) 179 7.3 A well-lit workplace ( HSE) .180 7.4 The heat equation ( Occupational Safety and Health Administration, USA) 181List of illustrations x 8.5 Vehicle recovery driver – professional driver at work ( RH Kerham) 228 8.6 Road accidents are a significant risk when driving for work. Poor weather conditions increase the risks ( Phil Hughes) 228 8.7 Must have a valid licence to drive each type of vehicle used 229 9.1 Handling roofing slates onto a roof using a teleporter lift truck ( Alamy) .234 9.2 A tilted worktable. The distance between the operator and the work can be reduced by putting the table at a more vertical angle. The table is adjustable in height and angle to suit the particular job (Source: HSE) 235 9.3 Pump juice from a bulk container to a dispenser to save awkward handling 236 9.4 Workstation design .237 9.5 Manual handling: there are many potential hazards 239 9.6 Main injury sites caused by manual handling accidents 239 9.7 HSE guidance for manual lifting – recommended weights (Source: HSE) .240 9.8 The main elements of a good lifting technique 243 9.9 A pallet truck (Source: HSE) 244 9.10 Mechanical aids to lift patients in hospital ( HSE) .244 9.11 Conveyor systems: (a) roller conveyor (these may have powered and free running rollers); (b) an overhead conveyor moving wheels. Other designs of overhead conveyor are useful for transferring components and garments between workstations, in, for example, manufacture of machines or clothing; (c) a slat conveyor in use in a food factory ( HSE) .247 9.12 A brick elevator (Source: HSE) 248 9.13 Reach truck, designed so that the load retracts within the wheel base to save space ( Shuttlestock) .248 9.14 Manoeuvring a yacht using a large overhead travelling gantry and slings in a marina ( Phil Hughes) .250 9.15 Hoist for lifting a car ( Phil Hughes) .252 9.16 Specially designed safety hooks (Source: HSE) 252 9.17 Truck-mounted lifting equipment ( Phil Hughes) 253 10.1 (a) CE marking .261 10.1 (b) Division of responsibility for the safety of machinery ( Beci Phipps) .261 10.2 Typical Certificate of Conformity ( Dewalt) 262 10.3 Typical bench-mounted abrasive wheel ( Draper) .264 10.4 Typical electrically powered compressor with air receiver tank attached ( Draper) 266 7.5 Security access and surveillance CCTV camera 183 7.6 Alcohol consumption: it takes a healthy liver about one hour to break down and remove one unit of alcohol (Source: HSE) .186 7.7 Tripping hazards (Source: HSE) .187 7.8 Cleaning must be done carefully to prevent slipping 187 7.9 Falling from a height – tower scaffold has inadequate handrails (no centre rail) and should never be moved while in use 189 7.10 Typical pedestrian/vehicle crossing area with separation between 191 7.11 Well laid out and lit steel fabrication workshop with marked walkways which are kept clear of obstructions ( Shutterstock) .191 7.12 Proper precautions must always be taken when working on or near fragile roofs or surfaces (HSG33 HSE) 195 7.13 Fall arrest harness and device 195 7.14 Ladder showing correct 1 in 4 angle (means of securing omitted for clarity of illustration) ( HSE) 198 7.15 (a) Ladder tied at top style (correct for working on, not for access); (b) tying partway down; (c) tying near base; (d) securing at base ( HSE) 199 7.16 Working with stepladders .200 7.17 (a) Components of a typical independent tied scaffold (Redrawn from HSE); (b) Fixed scaffold left in place to fit gutters ( HSE) .201 7.18 Components of a typical pre-fabricated tower scaffold with outriggers ( www.brattsladders) .202 7.19 Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs): (a) scissor lift; (b) cherry-picker ( Phil Hughes) 203–4 7.20 Groundwork clearance and foundations ( Phil Hughes) .208 7.21 Secure site access gates ( Phil Hughes) 209 7.22 Working near or over water – large scaffold with protection screens and a small boat moored under the bridge in case rescue is needed ( Phil Hughes) 210 7.23 Mobile site toilets and welfare facilities .212 7.24 Timbered excavation with ladder access and supported services (guard removed on one side for clarity) ( HSE) .213 7.25 Barriers around excavation by footpath 214 8.1 Industrial counterbalanced lift truck 223 8.2 Telescopic materials handler ( Phil Hughes) 223 8.3 Various construction plant with driver protection ( Phil Hughes) .225 8.4 Operating a piece of mobile work equipment, an excavator, to excavate a swimming pool ( Phil Hughes) .226List of illustrations xi 10.27 Typical retail compactor ( Packawaste Ltd) .289 10.28 Typical retail checkout conveyor .289 10.29 (a) Small concrete/cement mixer ( Wingate); (b) Diesel concrete mixer with hopper .289 10.30 Typical bench-mounted circular saw .290 11.1 Beware of electricity – typical sign .296 11.2 Typical electric shock poster (Courtesy of Stocksigns) .299 11.3 Keep 18 m clear of high voltage lines .300 11.4 Over 25% of fires are caused by electrical malfunction .300 11.5 Ten-way surge-protected extension with telecoms .301 11.6 Safe dispensing of flammable liquids ( Phil Hughes) .302 11.7 Portable hand-held electric power tools (Courtesy of Draper) .303 11.8 (a) Typical 240 volt fuses; (b) typical 240 volt mini circuit breaker .306 11.9 A variety of electrical equipment: (a) electrical cabinet with multi-hasp and lock-off padlocks on the isolator; (b) 240 volt socket with RCD devices built in ( Phil Hughes); (c) Lockable electrical control cabinet 307–8 11.10 Double insulation symbol 308 11.11 Multi-plug extension lead and special plugs and sockets: (a) reduced voltage normally 110V; (b) 240 volt lead with cut out ( Phil Hughes) 309 11.12 Precautions for overhead lines: (a) ‘goalpost’ crossing points beneath lines to avoid contact by plant; (b) Diagram showing normal dimensions for ‘goalpost’ crossing points and barriers (Reproduced from HSG185 Health and Safety Excavations) . 309–10 11.13 Using a cable detector ( Phil Hughes) 311 11.14 UK standard 3-pin plug wiring .312 12.1 Fire is still a significant risk in many workplaces: (a) massive Deepwater Horizon oil platform fire; (b) large retail premises destroyed by fire ( Jack Dagley; Photography Shutterstock) .318 12.2 Fire triangle .322 12.3 (a) Transport flammable solid sign; (b) GHS – packaging sign .323 12.4 (a) Transport flammable liquid sign; (b) GHS – packaging sign .323 12.5 (a) Transport flammable gas sign; (b) GHS – packaging sign 323 12.6 (a) Transport oxidising agent sign; (b) GHS – packaging sign .324 12.7 Principles of heat transmission .325 12.8 Smoke spread in buildings 325 12.9 Causes of fire in recent years ( CTIF Centre of Fire Statistics) .326 10.5 Equipment controls – design features 267 10.6 Emergency stop button ( Praphan Jampala Shutterstock) .268 10.7 (a) Damaged wood chisel with dangerous handle ( Shutterstock); (b) Range of nonpowered hand tools ( Draper) 269 10.8 Range of hand-held power tools ( Draper) .271 10.9 Electric drill with percussion hammer action to drill holes in masonry ( Draper) .273 10.10 Disc sander with dual hand holds .273 10.11 (a) Rotary drum floor sander; (b) orbital finishing sander .274 10.12 Range of mechanical hazards .275 10.13 Range of fixed guards .280 10.14 Adjustable guard for a rotating drill bit on a pedestal drill 281 10.15 Self-adjusting guard on a circular saw 281 10.16 Typical interlocking guards: (a) sliding and (b) hinged 281 10.17 Schematic diagram of a telescopic trip device fitted to a radial drill .282 10.18 Two-handed control device .283 10.19 Typical multifunction printer/photocopier ( Fellowes) .284 10.20 Typical office shredder ( Fellowes) 285 10.21 Typical bench-mounted grinder ( Draper) .285 10.22 Typical pedestal drill – note the guard is adjustable and adjusted to cover the rotating drill ( Draper) .286 10.23 Typical large cylinder mower ( Autoguide equipment Ltd) .286 10.24 Typical brush cutter ( Draper) .287 10.25 Typical chainsaw with rear handle. The rear handle projects from the back of the saw. It is designed to always be gripped with both hands, with the right hand on the rear handle. It may be necessary to have a range of saws with different guide bar lengths available. As a general rule, choose a chainsaw with the shortest guide bar suitable for the work. 1 – hand guard with integral chain brake; 2 – exhaust outlet directed to the right-hand side away from the operator; 3 – chain breakage guard at bottom of rear handle; 4 – chain designed to have low-kickback tendency; 5 – rubber anti-vibration mountings; 6 – lockout for the throttle trigger; 7 – guide bar (should be protected when transporting chainsaw); 8 – bottom chain catcher; 9 – PPE hand/ eye/ear defender signs; 10 – on/off switch ( HSE) .287 10.26 Kevlar gloves, overtrousers and overshoes providing protection against chainsaw cuts. Helmet, ear and face shield protect the head. Apprentice under training – first felling ( Phil Hughes) 288List of illustrations xii 13.9 The skin – main structures of the dermis .367 13.10 (a) Typical symbols and (b) product label on containers .370 13.11 Hand pump and stain detector (Courtesy of Draegar) 371 13.12 (a) A LEV system ( HSE); (b) Welding with an adjustable LEV system to remove dust and fumes ( Auto Extract Systems Ltd) .375 13.13 (a) Paint-spray booth ( Shutterstock); (b) Old ventilation system can quickly corrode if not properly maintained ( Shutterstock); (c) Large ventilation system at roof level with access platform to maintain the filters and fans ( Shutterstock) .376 13.14 Personal protective equipment ( Corepics VOF Shutterstock) 377 13.15 Types of respiratory protective equipment: (a) filtering half-mask; (b) half-mask – reusable with filters; (c) compressed air-line breathing apparatus with full face fitted with demand value (Source: HSE) 379 13.16 Variety of eye protection goggles (Courtesy of Draper) 380 13.17 Damaged asbestos lagging on pipework ( PA Group (UK) Ltd) 385 13.18 High hazard vacuum cleaner to clear up asbestos material 386 13.19 Wet concrete or cement can cause serious dermatitis ( HSE) 390 13.20 Commercial waste collection 393 13.21 A designated waste collection area with two types of skip commonly used for waste collection. Heavy materials would be transported in the smaller skip. Sizes of skip range from about 4 cu metres (small skip shown) to about 35 cu metres (large skip shown) .394 13.22 Electronic waste under WEEE 395 14.1 Better to control noise at source than wear ear protection ( Phil Hughes) .402 14.2 Passage of sound waves: (a) the ear with cochlea uncoiled; (b) summary of transmission .403 14.3 Hearing protection zone notice .406 14.4 Noise paths found in a workplace: (a) the quiet area is subjected to reflected noise from a machine elsewhere in the building; (b) the correct use of roof absorption will reduce the reflected noise; (c) segregation of the noisy operation will benefit the whole workplace ( HSE) .407 14.5 Injuries which can be caused by hand–arm vibration (Source: HSE) .409 14.6 Breaker mounted on an excavator’s jib to reduce vibrations ( Phil Hughes) 410 12.10 Accidental fires – sources of ignition in recent years ( CTIF Centre of Fire Statistics) 327 12.11 Smoke-free sign 328 12.12 (a) Before fire risk assessment; (b) after fire risk assessment ( HM Government) 329 12.13 Partly blocked fire exit door 332 12.14 Various storage arrangements for highly flammable liquids 336 12.15 Steel structures can collapse in the heat of a fire ( Phil Hughes) 338 12.16 Insulated core panels 339 12.17 Firebreak wall between dwellings 339 12.18 Safe dispensing of flammable liquids ( Phil Hughes) .340 12.19 Simple electrical fire alarm system components ( Beci Phipps) 341 12.20 Typical fire point in offices with extinguisher, fire notices and alarm breakglass call point ( KRoock74) .343 12.21 Various fire-fighting equipment: (a) fire blanket ( Mark Williamson Richardson – Shutterstock); (b) hose reel ( fomo-istock); (c) fire extinguisher ( JonasSanLuis-istock) .343 12.22 Types of fire extinguishers and labels (Note: main colour of all extinguishers is red with 5% for label) .345 12.23 Various sprinkler heads designed to fit into a high-level water pipe system and spray water at different angles onto a fire below .346 12.24 External fire escape from a multi-storey building. Extreme caution needed in winter and enclosure of staircase would be preferred for the UK climate .347 12.25 Fire escape route outside building 348 12.26 International Fire Escape pictorial .348 12.27 Fire evacuation diagram 350 12.28 Special addition to the fire notice for people with a disability .352 12.29 Stair evacuation chair for people with a disability 352 13.1 (a) GHS symbols in use and (b) How the existing European packaging symbols relate to the new GHS labels adopted under the CLP EU Regulation .361 13.2 Paint spraying – risk of sensitising, particularly if isocyanate based paint used and inadequate local exhaust ventilation ( Shutterstock) 363 13.3 Route map for adequate control for SMEs non-experts (Source: HSE) 363 13.4 Hazardous substances – principal routes of entry into the human body 364 13.5 The upper and lower respiratory system 365 13.6 The nervous system .365 13.7 The cardiovascular system .366 13.8 Parts of the urinary system .366List of illustrations xiii 15.13 (a) General danger; (b) Explosive 514 15.14 (a) Ear protection must be worn; (b) Eye protection must be worn 514 15.15 (a) Means of escape; (b) First-aid 514 15.16 Work at Height – flowchart ( HSE) .522 16.1 Example of industrial air pollution ( Phil Hughes) .539 16.2 (a) Water pollution from an oil spillage; (b) Water pollution from plastic and other solid waste 541 16.3 Electronic waste under WEE 543 16.4 Environmental protection commitment 543 16.5 (a) Dangerous means of access with platform tied to bucket of excavator. A local expediency accepted as normal, Morocco; (b) Good quality scaffold with protection near water, Belgium ( Phil Hughes) .545 16.6 World Cup stadium, under construction, Cape Town, 2009 ( Phil Hughes) .547 16.7 Good quality access on a MEWP for pointing brickwork in Belgium ( Phil Hughes) 548 16.8 Different solutions are needed in different countries: delivering furniture in Centaldo, Italy. ( Phil Hughes) 549 16.9 Driving outside the UK ( Phil Hughes) 550 16.10 Gas explosion during the night but man and his daughter escaped unharmed – house destroyed, Southampton, 2014 ( Phil Hughes) .552 16.11 Tour de France for professionals, French Alps, 2014 ( Phil Hughes) .554 16.12 Tour de France for softies, France, 2014 ( Phil Hughes) .554 17.1 Revision notes ( Liz Hughes) .561 17.2 Mind map report writing ( Liz Hughes) 561 18.1 Select a competent and experienced person to carry out a risk assessment ( Shutterstock) .568 18.2 Glass-blowing factory ( dedek shutterstock) .571 18.3 Flat roof protection: (a) using handrails, and toe boards; (b) using a harness and proprietary anchor .572 18.4 Asbestos pipe lagging .573 M1 General health & safety risk assessment example 1 ( Beci Phipps) .593 M2 Risk assessment report form example 2 ( Beci Phipps) .594 M3 Contractors’ risk assessment example for confined spaces ( Beci Phipps) 595 M4 Contractors’ risk assessment example for work on fragile roofs ( Beci Phipps) .596 M5 Workplace inspection report form ( Beci Phipps) .597 M6 Workplace inspection checklist ( Beci Phipps) .598–599 M7 Job safety analysis ( Beci Phipps) 600 14.7 (a) Vibrating roller with risk of whole-body vibration 413 14.7 (b) Remote control vibrating plate weighing 1.2 tons with compaction in excess of a 7 ton roller which eliminates the risk of whole-body vibration. The operator is protected from vibrations, noise and dust. The machine can only be operated if line of sight is intact. In case of a loss of control the proximity recognition sensor keeps the operator safe ( Waker Neuson) 413 14.8 Typical ionisation warning sign .413 14.9 X-ray generator cabinet ( Balteau NDT) 415 14.10 Radon monitoring equipment .415 14.11 A proper Class 4 laser area setup for defeatable access control. Curtain design and layout varies with environment. Class 4 laser areas in a research or university environment usually run long-term experiments that require unattended operation. In such cases, defeatable entryway controls are appropriate. By design, persons who have been properly trained and given the keypad access code may momentarily ‘defeat’ the interlock to enter and exit the laser controlled area protected by a magnetically locked door 416 14.12 Metal furnace – source of infrared heat 417 14.13 Breakdown of mental health cases by type of event which precipitated stress between 2010 and 2012 (Source HSE Stress and Psychological Disorders Great Britain 2013, HSE) 420 15.1 New GHS pictograms with examples of Hazard statements and Precautionary statements 449 15.2 (a) CDM 2015 – Schedule 1 ( HSE) 455 15.2 (b) CDM 2015 – Schedule 3 ( HSE) 456 15.3 Content of inspection reports ( HSE) .459 15.4 Principles of good practice ( HSE) 466 15.5 Warning sign for places where explosive atmospheres may occur. 469 15.6 Fire safety order: (a) matters to be considered in dangerous substances; (b) in respect of young persons 477 15.7 Measures to be taken in respect of dangerous substances ( HSE) 478 15.8 A completed Hazardous Waste Consignment Note ( Environment Agency) .486 15.9 Manual Handling Operations Regulations – flow chart ( HSE) 495 15.10 What needs to be done under the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 ( HSE) .498 15.11 (a) No fork-lift trucks; (b) No smoking .513 15.12 (a) Hose reel; (b) Fire extinguisher 513List of illustrations xiv M8 Essential elements – permit to work ( Beci Phipps) M9 Witness statement form ( Beci Phipps) M10 Accident/incident report ( Beci Phipps) 603–604 M11 First aid treatment and accident record ( Beci Phipps) 606 S1 Machinery risk assessment ( Beci Phipps) ��607 S2a Permit time extension/transfer (front) ( Beci Phipps) S2b Permit time extension/transfer (back) ( Beci Phipps) H1a COSHH assessment ( Beci Phipps) H1 COSHH assessment 1 ( Beci Phipps) H2 COSHH assessment 2: details of substances used or stored ( Beci Phipps) 613 H3 Example of a workstation self assessment checklist ( Beci Phipps) 615 H4 Example of a noise assessment record form ( Beci Phipps) H5 Manual handling of loads: assessment checklist ( Beci Phipps) H6 Manual handling risk assessment: employee checklist ( Beci Phipps) F1 Fire safety maintenance checklist ( Beci Phipps) 620 F2 Fire risk assessment record – significant findings ( Beci Phipps) C1 Construction inspection report ( Beci Phipps) C2 Example risk assessment for contract bricklayers ( Beci Phipps) 625 C3 Example risk assessment for woodwork ( Beci Phipps) Tables 1�1 Annual accidents for different groups of people 1�2 Approximate proportions (%) of cases of work-related ill-health reported by General Practitioners in any year 1�3 Typical recent annual health and safety enforcement activity in Great Britain 1�4 Causes of working days lost in the UK 1�5 Premises inspected by the HSE and Local Authorities 2�1 Location and contents of the key elements of a health and safety management system in chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 3�1 A comparison of the functions of health and safety representatives 4�1 Contents of first-aid box – low risk 4�2 Number of first-aid personnel 7�1 Typical workplace lighting levels 7�2 Trend in physical assaults and threats at work, 1999–2009 (based on working adults of working age) 9�1 Safe driving of lift trucks 11�1 Standard wiring colours 11�2 Suggested intervals for portable appliance inspection and testing 12�1 Enforcement in respect of fire on construction sites 12�2 Maintenance and testing of fire equipment 12�3 Maximum travel distances 13�1 Examples of the new hazard warning (H) and precautionary statements (P) 13�2 Examples of workplace exposure limits (WELs) 13�3 The hazards and types of PPE for various parts of the body 14�1 Some typical sound pressure levels (SPL) (dB(A) values) 14�2 Typical noise levels at woodworking machines 404 14�3 Simple observations to determine the need for a noise risk assessment 14�4 Examples of vibration exposure values measured by the HSE on work equipment 14�5 Machines which could produce significant whole-body vibration 14�6 The change in exposure times as vibration increases 14�7 Typical radiation dose limits 15�1 Summary of maximum penalties under Health and Safety (Offences) Act 2008 for offences committed on or after 16 January 15�2 Waste hierarchy 15�3 The employers’ duties 15�4 Classification zones 15�5 Provision of information under DSE regulation 15�6 Schedule 1 to the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 16�1 Numbers of global work-related adverse events 17�1 Terminology used in NEBOSH exams 563List of illustrations Boxes 2.1 Example of objectives 54 5.1 Key data for medium level of investigation 156 5.2 The following categories of immediate causes of accident are used in F2508: .161 15.1 Pollution prevention and control regimes .436 15.2 Best available techniques (BAT) .437 15.3 ‘Operator’ .439 15.4 Definition of controlled waste 443 15.5 Who has authority to take waste? 444 15.6 Filling in paperwork .444xvi 629 Index Page numbers in italics denote an illustration, bold indicates a table alarms fire 341, 341 security 184 voice 341 alcohol abuse 185 allergies allergic contact dermatitis 366, 390 irritants 360 alternating current (ac) 296 ammonia 388 anthropometry 235 Approved Code of Practice (ACoP) 17 cement dust and wet cement 390 COSHH Regulations 367, 464 DSEAR regulations 468 Ionising Radiations Regulations 419, 487 Legionnaires’ disease 391 passenger lifts 252 welfare and work environment 178, 179 arcing, electric 302 Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Alliance 246 artificial optical radiation hazardous light sources 447 regulatory requirements 418, 446 safe light sources 446–7 asbestos health risks and controls 382–3 managing in buildings accidental exposure 387 asbestos risk register 385 assessment 386 awareness training 387 identification 385, 385 management survey 384–5 medical surveillance 386–7 refurbishment or demolition survey 205, 385 regulatory responsibilities 383–4 removal with control measures 386, 386 waste disposal 387 safe systems of work 135–7 assembly and roll call emergencies 124 fire evacuation 349–50 ATEX Directive 301, 340 attitude 72–3 audits active assessment 46, 48, 50 audit process 171, 171–3, 173 definition 170 scope and purpose 170–1 A abrasion hazards 277–8 abrasive wheel, bench-mounted 263–4, 264, 264–5 absolute duty 14, 113 access control 184 access equipment, safe practices fixed scaffolds 200–1, 201, 204, 218 ladders 197–8, 198 mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) 203, 203, 203–4 mobile scaffold towers 202, 202–3 stepladders, trestles and staging 198–9, 198–9 accident book 157, 157–8 accident frequency rate 68 accidents accident triangle 100–1, 101, 151–2 categories 101 definition 3, 100 direct and indirect costs 7, 101 domestic and leisure related 551–2 electrical 296 financial cost 6, 6 fire 318 Heinrich’s accidents/incidents ratios 69, 69, 151 investigations 81, 149–50 older people 553 portable electric equipment 303 rate calculation 68 statistics 4, 4–5 accident triangle 100–1, 101, 151–2 accommodation for clothing and changing 179, 211 ACoP see Approved Code of Practice acoustic trauma 403 ACT (PDCA model) 45, 46, 46 active monitoring definition 140 performance assessment 46, 48 performance measurement methods 142–3 active/reactive monitoring 140–9 Act of God 13 acute toxicity 360 adjustable guards 280–1, 281 agency workers, duties of 23 air pollution acid rain 540–1 greenhouse effect 540 IPPC regulatory controls 540 photochemical smog 541 stratospheric ozone depletion 540 air receivers, examination of 266, 266–7 air sampling techniques 370–1, 371Index 630 circular saw, bench-mounted hazards 279 safeguards 290, 290 civil law County Court 9 High Court 10 legal framework 8 Supreme Court 10 Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures Regulation (EC) see CLP Regulation cleaning arrangements 189 clients duties under CDM Regulations 2015 30–1, 32, 33, 454–5 legal considerations 29–30 closed circuit television (CCTV) 184 CLP Regulation classification labelling 360, 361 hazard warnings and precautionary statements 362, 362 outline 448 regulatory requirements 448 collisions, pedestrian control measures 190, 191 fixed or stationary objects 188 moving, falling or flying objects 188 moving vehicles 188 Combined Code of Corporate Governance 2003 49 commercial stakeholders 87–8 common law torts and duties breach of statutory duty 13–14 duty of care 13 negligence 11–13 Common Sense, Common Safety (Young) 427 communication contractors and clients 29, 35 managers and supervisors 23 organisational 46, 86, 117 report writing 146–8 types of 78–9 compactor, retail hazards 278–9 safeguards 288–9, 289 Compensation Act 2006 13–14, 527–8 compensation and insurance issues employers’ liability insurance 548 fault and no-fault injury compensation 548–9 competence definition 77 influence on standards 86 competent person permit system responsibilities 122–3 role of 65–6, 77 safe systems of work guidance 116 conduction of heat 324–5, 325 confined spaces risk assessment 451 safe systems of work 118–19, 452 work permit 121, 122 Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 definition 118, 451 emergency arrangements 452 employers’ duties 451 risk assessment 451 safe systems of work 118–19, 452 training 452 Construction (Head Protection) Regulations 1989 194–5 authorised persons, permit system responsibilities 122 B back injuries 238 balance trucks 243 banksman 203, 223, 250 battery (cordless) operated hand tools 307 benchmarking 54–5 bench-top grinder hazards 277–8 safeguards 285, 285 Best Available Techniques (BAT) 437, 540 Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) 540 boilers, examination of 266, 266–7 breathing apparatus 378–80, 379 brush cutter/strimmer hazards 278 safeguards 286–7, 287 Building Regulations 2010 Access to and use of buildings – Approved Document M 526–7 Fire Safety – Approved Document B 525–6 buildings, fire protection in 337–9, 338–9 bullying 184 buried power lines 309–10, 311, 459 burns, electric 298–9, 300 buying problems 26, 26–7 C cancer 387–8 carbon dioxide 388 carbon monoxide 388–9 carcinogenic substances 360, 372, 389 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 124 carpal tunnel syndrome 235 case law see civil law; common law; criminal law CDM Regulations 2015 see Construction, Design and Management Regulations 2015 CE markings 26, 261–2, 261–3 cement/concrete mixer hazards 279 safeguards 289, 289–90 cement dust and wet cement 390 Certificate of Conformity 262, 262 chainsaws competence assessment 287–8 hazards 278 personal protective equipment (PPE) 284, 288 safeguards 287–8, 287–8 CHECK (PDCA model) 45, 46, 46, 141, 141 checklist fire risk assessment 355–6 hazards 130 health and safety policy 59–60 scaffolding faults 218 supply chain health and safety management 39 checkout conveyor system hazards 279 safeguards 289, 289 Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2009 (CHIP4) 359–60 chemical warning signs 106, 106 CHIP4 classifications 360 chlorine 388 circuit breaker 306, 306Index 631 hazards and controls demolition 209–10 electricity 211 fire and other emergencies 210 health hazards 212 noise 212 prevention of drowning 210, 210 safe place of work 207 site security 212–13 vehicles and traffic routes 210 particular issues 207 scope of activities 207–8 security measures 207, 208, 212–13 welfare facilities 210–11, 212 contaminated land 395 continual improvement 46, 50, 175, 175–6 contractors assessing and managing principles 33–4 CDM Regulations 2015 30, 32, 457 definition 29 legal considerations 29–30 management and authorisation 34–5 permit system responsibilities 123 principal 32 rules and requirements 35–6 safety rules 35 selection 34 contributory negligence 8, 13 Control of Artificial Optical Radiation at Work Regulations 2010 duties 446 hazardous light sources 447 regulatory requirements 418, 445 safe light sources 446–7 Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 383–4, 528–9 Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002 389, 531–2 Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 assessment and action plan 498 elimination or control of exposure 499 employers’ duties 402, 497 exposure limit values and action values 497 health surveillance 500 hearing protection 499 information, instruction and training 500 maintenance and use of equipment 500 music events 497 risk assessment 497–9 Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 as amended 532, 539 control of risk see risk control Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002 and 2004 amendment accidents and emergencies 467 ACoP, key changes 2013 464 amendments to 2002 Regulation 463–4 control measures engineering controls 374–6, 375–6 health surveillance 381 illustrative example 382 maintenance and emergency procedures 381–2 personal protective equipment (PPE) 377, 377–81, 378, 379–80, 465–6 prevention 373–4, 465 principles of good practice 373, 466 regulatory requirements 465–6 supervisory or people controls 376–7 supply of cement 390 Construction, Design and Management (CDM) Regulations 2015 access equipment, safe practices 197–203, 198–204 access equipment inspection 204 amendments to 2007 Regulation 453 client duties 30–1, 32, 33, 454–5 cofferdams and caissons 458 compulsory requirements 30 construction phase health and safety plan 32–3, 456 construction work defined 454 contractors’ duties 457 demolition 209–10, 458 designer duties 31–2 domestic client 33, 33 electrical hazards 211 emergency procedures 196, 210, 321, 322, 460 emergency routes and exits 321, 460 energy distribution installations 459 excavations 213–14, 213–15, 458 explosives 458 fall arrest equipment 195, 195–6 fire detection and firefighting 321–2, 460 fire safety 319, 461–2 fixed scaffolds 200–1, 201 fragile roofs and surfaces 193–4, 195 fresh air provision 460 general requirements 457 hazards and controls 208–10, 208–13, 212 health and safety duties, general 455 health and safety file 33, 456 health hazards 212, 460 inspection recording form 219 inspections, reports of 458–9 ladders 197–8, 198 lighting 460 method statement 33 mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) 203, 203, 203–4 mobile scaffold towers 202, 202–3 noise hazards 212 notifiable work 33, 33, 455, 455 outline 453–4 policy objectives 452–3 pre-construction health and safety information 32, 456 prevention of drowning 210, 210, 459 principal appointments 455 principal contractor appointment 455 communication with workers 457 construction phase health and safety 456–7 principal designer duties 31–2, 455–6 protection against falls from height 193–4 protection from falling objects 194–5 safe place of work 457 site security 212–13, 458 stability of structures 458 stepladders, trestles and staging 198–9, 199–200 temperature and weather protection 460 vehicles and traffic routes 210, 459 welfare facilities 210–11, 212, 460–1 work at height deaths 192 Work at Height Regulations 192–3 working above ground level 196–7 construction phase health and safety plan 32–3, 41–2, 456 construction projects client/occupier safety arrangements 213 environmental considerations 213Index 632 Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmosphere Regulations (DSEAR) 2002 accidents, incidents and emergencies 469 ACoP, key changes 2013 468 applications 468 classification of workplace 469, 469, 469 contents of containers and pipes 470 definitions 334, 468 electrical equipment, use of 301 elimination or reduction of risk 468–9 employer responsibilities 334 information, instruction and training 469 regulatory requirements 467–8 risk assessment 468 death, work-related asbestos 382–3 falls from height 188 investigation 20 RIDDOR 2013 159 demolition 205–6, 209–10, 458 departmental managers health and safety responsibilities 65, 92–3 dermatitis 366–7, 390 designers, principal CDM Regulations 2015 31–2, 455–6 diesel engine exhaust emissions 389 dilution (or general) ventilation 376, 376 direct burning 325 direct current (dc) 296 directors health and safety management auditing 170–3, 171, 173 Board members and director responsibilities 63–4, 90–1 organisational responsibilities 70–1 performance review and reporting 49, 174–5 personal liability offence 18 disabled workers fire emergencies and procedures 351–2, 352 legislation 351, 530–1 risk assessment 112 welfare and work environment 178, 181 display screen equipment (DSE) 236–8 eye strain 238 musculoskeletal problems 237 psychological problems 238 regulatory requirements 470–2, 472 visual problems 237–8 workstation design 237 DO (PDCA model) 45, 46, 46, 62, 62, 98 documentation, safe systems of work 117 document shredder hazards 277 safeguards 285, 285 domestic client 33, 33 doors, fire evacuation 347 double-barrelled action 13 double insulation portable power tools 308 symbol 308 drinking water 178, 211 drivers cars on company business, rule compliance 231 competency 229 employer responsibilities 227 ergonomic considerations 230 fitness and health 229 control of exposure 362, 363, 465 COSHH assessment air sampling techniques 370–1 control of exposure 369 health surveillance 369–70 information sources 370 regulatory requirements 465 substances covered 368–9 workplace exposure limit (WELs) 371–3, 372, 464 defence (legal case) 467 employers’ duties 464, 464 health surveillance 466–7 information, instruction and training 467 monitoring exposure 466 requirements 368, 465 role of 367–8 substances defined 464 use, maintenance, examination and test 466 Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 application 516 assessment of risk to health 411–12, 516–17 elimination or control of exposure 411, 412, 413, 517 exposure limit values and action values 410–11, 411, 516 health surveillance 413, 517–18 information, instruction and training 518 Interpretation 516 convection of heat 324, 325 conveyors 246, 247, 257 cooking processes, fire prevention 333 Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 20–1, 529 corporate responsibility 2 corrosive substances 360, 361 COSHH see Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) cost-benefit analysis 111 cranes 250–2 lifting tackle 252, 252 mobile jib 250 safe working load (SWL) 250 tower 251–2 criminal law Crown Court 8–9 Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) 9 legal framework 7–8 Magistrates Court 8 Crown Court health and safety offence penalties 20 powers 8–9 Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) 9 customer information 25–6 cylinder mower hazards 278 safeguards 286, 286 D dangerous occurrence, definition 3–4, 100 dangerous substances, storage and use aerosols 337 control measures 335 DSEAR regulations 334 flammable gas cylinders 336 flammable liquids 335–6, 336 mitigation measures 335 risk assessment 334–5 substitution 335Index 633 definitions 297–8 earthing 297 hazards see electrical hazards legislation requirements 296 short circuit 297 static 302, 302–3 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 adverse or hazardous environments 473 competence (inspection and testing) 304–5 competence (in use) 474 connections 473 cutting supply and isolation 473 definitions 472 duties 472 earthing, integrity and other suitable precautions 473 excess current protection 473 insulation, protection and placing of conductors 473 principal topics 304 strength and capability of equipment 473 systems, work activities and protective equipment 472–3 working space access and lighting 474 work on equipment made dead 473 work on or near live conductors 473 electric shock cause and effects 298 treatment 299, 299–300 elevators 246, 248 emergencies assembly and roll call 124 electrical incident 310–11 emergency services call-out 124–5 procedures 123–4 procedure testing and training 125 supervisory duties 124 Emergency First-Aid at Work (EFAW) 127, 127 emergency lighting 125, 180 EMF Directive 418 employees consultation legislation 462 consultation with 79–80 duties under HSW Act 1974 18, 23, 433 MHSWR 1999 29 equipment 26–7 safe systems of work 116 worker representatives 46, 80, 80–1 employers civil liability 13, 162, 435 confined spaces regulation 451 contractor health and safety 29–30 duties under COSHH Regulations 464, 464 duties under HSW Act 1974 17–18 general 21–2, 432–3 liability case study 22 night working 22–3 temporary workers 23 violence at work 183 visitor and general public safety 22 duties under MHSWR 1999 28–9 duty of care 13 duty to consult 462 health and safety policy 51, 63 joint occupation of premises 29 management regulations (HSW) 16–17 plant and equipment purchases 26–7 fork-lift trucks 249, 249, 258 mobile work equipment 226 risk assessment 228–9 road transport drivers, abroad 551 route planning 230 training 226–7, 229 transporting hazardous substances 382 weather conditions 230 work schedules 230 drug and solvent abuse 185–6 dusts, health risk chemical agents 358 dust observation lamps 371–3 inhalable dust 358 respirable dust 364 wood dust 390–1 duty of care 13 E ear protection 407–8 earthing 297 Eco Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) 442 economics and standards 87 electrical equipment fire prevention 333–4 inspection and maintenance strategies 311–12 inspection and testing frequency 313, 313 portable electrical appliance testing (PAT) 312, 312–14, 313 records of inspection and testing 313–14 protective systems double insulation 308 fuses 306, 306 insulation 306 isolation 306–7, 307–8 reduced low-voltage 307, 309 residual current devices (RCDs) 307, 307–8 safe systems of work 304–5 selection and suitability 305–6 standard wiring colours 304 waste disposal 395 Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1994 529–30 electrical fires and explosions 300–1, 300–2 electrical hazards arcing 302 control measures 304–5 electrical fires and explosions 300–1, 300–2 electric shock and burns causes and effects 298–9 treatment 299, 299–300 flammable atmospheres 339–40, 340 high risks 304 portable electric equipment 303 secondary hazards 303 static electricity 302, 302–3, 340, 340 warning sign 296 electrical incident, emergency procedures 310–11 electric arcing 302 electric burns cause and effects 298–9 treatment 300 electric current, forms of 296 electric drills 272–3, 273 electricity basic principles 296–7 conductors and insulators 297Index 634 European Courts 11 European Six Pack 15 European Union (EU) directives 15 Eco Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) 442 influence on health and safety 15 excavations CDM Regulations 2015 458 hazards associated with 213 inspecting and reporting requirements 214–15 precautions and controls 213–14, 214 exceptional violations 76 expectant and new mothers legislation 493 risk assessment 13, 111–12 explosions, electrical 300–1, 300–2 external agencies Environment Agency 27 Fire and Rescue Authority 27 role and functions 27, 27–8 Scottish Environment Protection Agency
كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net The Unzip Password : books-world.net أتمنى أن تستفيدوا من محتوى الموضوع وأن ينال إعجابكم رابط من موقع عالم الكتب لتنزيل كتاب Introduction to Health and Safety at Work - Sixth Edition رابط مباشر لتنزيل كتاب Introduction to Health and Safety at Work - Sixth Edition
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