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| موضوع: كتاب Introduction to Health and Safety at Work - Fourth Edition الجمعة 24 نوفمبر 2023, 6:48 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Introduction to Health and Safety at Work Fourth Edition The Handbook for the NEBOSH National General Certificate Phil Hughes MBE, MSc, CFIOSH, former Chairman NEBOSH 1995 – 2001 Ed Ferrett PhD, BSc (Hons Eng), CEng, MIMechE, MIET, CMIOSH, Vice Chairman NEBOSH 1999 – 2008
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv ABOUT THE AUTHORS xvii LIST OF PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS xviii ILLUSTRATIONS CREDITS xxi 1 HEALTH AND SAFETY FOUNDATIONS 1 1 .1 Introduction 1 1 .2 Some basic definitions 2 1 .3 The legal framework for health and safety 2 1 .4 The legal system in England and Wales 4 1 .5 The legal system in Scotland 5 1 .6 European Courts 5 1 .7 Sources of law (England and Wales) 6 1 .8 Common law torts and duties 6 1 .9 Levels of statutory duty 8 1 .10 The influence of the European Union on health and safety 9 1 .11 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSW Act) 9 1 .12 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 16 1 .13 Role and function of external agencies 16 1 .14 Sources of information on health and safety 18 1 .15 Moral, legal and financial arguments for health and safety management 18 1 .16 The framework for health and safety management 22 1 .17 Sources of reference 23 1 .18 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 1 24 2 POLICY 27 2 .1 Introduction 27 2 .2 Legal requirements 27 2 .3 Key elements of a health and safety policy 28 2 .4 Review of health and safety policy 31 2 .5 Sources of reference 32 2 .6 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 2 32 Appendix 2.1 Health and Safety Policy checklist 34 3 ORGANIZING FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY 37 3 .1 Introduction 37 3 .2 Control 38 3 .3 Employers ’ responsibilities 38vi Contents 3 .4 Employees ’ and agency workers ’ responsibilities 40 3 .5 Organizational health and safety responsibilities – directors 40 3 .6 Typical managers ’ organizational responsibilities 42 3 .7 Role and functions of health and safety practitioners and other advisers 43 3 .8 Persons in control of premises 45 3 .9 Self-employed 45 3 .10 The supply chain 45 3 .11 Contractors 48 3 .12 Joint occupation of premises 52 3 .13 Consultation with the workforce 52 3 .14 Sources of reference 56 3 .15 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 3 56 Appendix 3.1 Detailed health and safety responsibilities 58 Appendix 3.2 Checklist for supply chain health and safety management 60 4 PROMOTING A POSITIVE HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE 63 4 .1 Introduction 63 4 .2 Definition of a health and safety culture 63 4 .3 Safety culture and safety performance 64 4 .4 Human factors and their influence on safety performance 65 4 .5 Human errors and violations 70 4 .6 The development of a positive health and safety culture 72 4 .7 Effective communication 74 4 .8 Health and safety training 75 4 .9 Internal infl uences 77 4 .10 External influences 79 4 .11 Sources of reference 80 4 .12 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 4 80 Appendix 4.1 List of typical legislation requiring health and safety training 82 5 RISK ASSESSMENT 83 5 .1 Introduction 83 5 .2 Legal aspects of risk assessment 83 5 .3 Forms of risk assessment 85 5 .4 Some definitions 85 5 .5 The objectives of risk assessment 86 5 .6 Accident categories 86 5 .7 Health risks 87 5 .8 The management of risk assessment 87 5 .9 The risk assessment process 88 5 .10 Special cases 90 5 .11 Sources of reference 92 5 .12 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 5 93 Appendix 5.1 Hazard checklist 95 Appendix 5.2 Example of a risk assessment record 96 Appendix 5.3 Risk assessment example 2: hairdressing salon 98 Appendix 5.4 Risk assessment example 3: office cleaning 100Contents vii 6 PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL 103 6 .1 Introduction 103 6 .2 Principles of prevention 104 6 .3 General control measures 105 6 .4 Controlling health risks 112 6 .5 Safe systems of work 114 6 .6 Lone workers 117 6 .7 Permits to work 117 6 .8 Emergency procedures 122 6 .9 First aid at work 123 6 .10 Sources of reference 126 6 .11 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 6 126 Appendix 6.1 Job safety analysis form 128 Appendix 6.2 Essential elements of a permit-to-work form 129 Appendix 6.3 Asbestos examples of safe systems of work 130 7 MONITORING, REVIEW AND AUDIT 133 7 .1 Introduction 133 7 .2 The traditional approach to measuring health and safety performance 133 7 .3 Why measure performance? 134 7 .4 What to measure 135 7 .5 Proactive or active monitoring – how to measure performance 136 7 .6 Measuring failure – reactive monitoring 138 7 .7 Who should monitor performance? 138 7 .8 Frequency of monitoring and inspections 139 7 .9 Report writing 139 7 .10 Review and audit 141 7 .11 Sources of reference 143 7 .12 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 7 143 Appendix 7.1 Workplace inspection exercises 145 Appendix 7.2 Specimen workplace inspection report form 147 Appendix 7.3 Workplace inspection checklist 148 8 INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION RECORDING AND REPORTING 153 8 .1 Introduction 153 8 .2 Reasons for incident/accident investigation 154 8 .3 Which incidents/accidents should be investigated? 155 8 .4 Investigations and causes of accidents/incidents 156 8 .5 Legal recording and reporting requirements 159 8 .6 Internal systems for collecting and analysing incident data 161 8 .7 Compensation and insurance issues 162 8 .8 Sources of reference 163 8 .9 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 8 163 Appendix 8.1 Accident/incident report form 165 Appendix 8.2 Information for insurance/compensation claims 167viii Contents 9 MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND VEHICLES – HAZARDS AND CONTROL 169 9 .1 Introduction 169 9 .2 Hazards to pedestrians 169 9 .3 Control strategies for pedestrian hazards 171 9.4 Hazards in vehicle operations 173 9 .5 Mobile work equipment 175 9 .6 Safe driving 178 9 .7 Control strategies for safe vehicle and mobile plant operations 178 9 .8 The management of vehicle movements 179 9 .9 Managing occupational road safety 179 9 .10 Sources of reference 183 9 .11 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 9 184 10 MANUAL AND MECHANICAL HANDLING HAZARDS AND CONTROL 185 10 .1 Introduction 185 10 .2 Manual handling hazards and injuries 185 10 .3 Manual handling risk assessments 186 10 .4 Safety in the use of lifting and moving equipment 190 10 .5 Types of mechanical handling and lifting equipment 191 10 .6 Requirements for the statutory examination of lifting equipment 197 10 .7 Sources of reference 198 10 .8 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 10 198 Appendix 10.1 Manual handling of load assessment checklist 201 Appendix 10.2 A typical risk assessment for the use of lifting equipment 204 11 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL 205 11 .1 Introduction 205 11 .2 Suitability of work equipment and CE marking 205 11 .3 Use and maintenance of equipment with specific risks 207 11 .4 Information, instruction and training 208 11 .5 Maintenance and inspection 208 11 .6 Operation and working environment 210 11 .7 User responsibilities 212 11 .8 Hand-held tools 212 11 .9 Hand-held power tools 214 11 .10 Mechanical machinery hazards 218 11 .11 Non-mechanical machinery hazards 220 11 .12 Examples of machinery hazards 220 11 .13 Practical safeguards 222 11 .14 Other safety devices 225 11 .15 Application of safeguards to the range of machines 227 11 .16 Guard construction 233 11 .17 Sources of reference 234 11 .18 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 11 234 12 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND CONTROL 237 12 .1 Introduction 237 12 .2 Principles of electricity and some definitions 237Contents ix 12 .3 Electrical hazards and injuries 239 12 .4 General control measures for electrical hazards 245 12 .5 The selection and suitability of equipment 24 6 12 .6 Inspection and maintenance strategies 247 12 .7 Portable electrical appliances testing 250 12 .8 Sources of reference 253 12 .9 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 12 253 13 FIRE HAZARDS AND CONTROL 255 13 .1 Introduction 255 13 .2 The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order (RRFSO) – requirements 256 13 .3 Construction Design and Management Regulations 2007 259 13 .4 Basic principles of fire 259 13 .5 Methods of extinction 261 13 .6 Classification of fire 261 13 .7 Principles of heat transmission and fire spread 262 13 .8 Common causes of fire and consequences 263 13 .9 Fire risk assessment 264 13 .10 Dangerous substances 268 13 .11 Fire detection and warning 270 13 .12 Means of escape in case of fire 271 13 .13 Principles of fire protection in buildings 273 13 .14 Provision of fire fighting equipment 275 13 .15 Maintenance and testing of fire fighting equipment 278 13 .16 Fire emergency plans 278 13 .17 People with special needs 280 13 .18 Sources of reference 281 13 .19 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 13 282 Appendix 13.1 Fire risk assessment as recommended in Fire Safety Guides published by the Department for Communities and Local Government in 2006 284 Appendix 13.2 Example form for recording significant findings as published in 2006 by the Department for Communities and Local Government in their Fire Safety Guides 286 Appendix 13.3 Typical fi re notice 287 14 CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL HEALTH HAZARDS AND CONTROL 289 14 .1 Introduction 289 14 .2 Forms of chemical agent 290 14 .3 Forms of biological agent 290 14 .4 Classification of hazardous substances and their associated health risks 291 14 .5 Routes of entry to the human body 292 14 .6 Health hazards of specific agents 296 14 .7 Requirements of the COSHH Regulations 299 14 .8 Details of a COSHH assessment 299 14 .9 The control measures required under the COSHH Regulations 304 14 .10 Health surveillance and personal hygiene 311 14 .11 Maintenance and emergency controls 311 14 .12 The transport of hazardous substances by road 311 14 .13 An illustrative example using COSHH controls 312 14 .14 Environmental considerations 312x Contents 14 .15 Sources of reference 317 14 .16 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 14 317 Appendix 14.1 A typical set of COSHH assessment forms 321 Appendix 14.2 Hazardous properties of waste as listed in the Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005 323 15 PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH HAZARDS AND CONTROL 325 15 .1 Introduction 325 15 .2 Task and workstation design 325 15 .3 Welfare and work environment issues 334 15 .4 Noise 337 15 .5 Heat and radiation hazards 343 15 .6 The causes and prevention of workplace stress 347 15 .7 Causes and prevention of workplace violence 349 15 .8 The effects of alcohol and drugs 352 15 .9 Sources of reference 354 15 .10 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 15 355 Appendix 15.1 Workstation self-assessment checklist 358 Appendix 15.2 Example of a noise assessment record form 361 16 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES – HAZARDS AND CONTROL 363 16 .1 Introduction 363 16 .2 The scope of construction 364 16 .3 Construction hazards and controls 364 16 .4 The management of construction activities 372 16 .5 Working above ground level or where there is a risk of falling 381 16 .6 Excavations 389 16 .7 Sources of reference 390 16 .8 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 16 391 Appendix 16.1 Inspection recording form with timing and frequency chart 393 Appendix 16.2 Checklist of typical scaffolding faults 395 Appendix 16.3 Summary of application and notification under CDM 2007 396 Appendix 16.4 Pre-construction information 397 Appendix 16.5 Construction phase plan 398 17 SUMMARY OF THE MAIN LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 401 17 .1 Introduction 401 17 .2 The legal framework 401 17 .3 List of Acts, orders and Regulations summarized 405 17 .4 HSW Act 1974 408 17 .5 Environmental Protection Act 1990 413 17 .6 Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002 and Amendment Regulations 424 17 .7 Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 430 17 .8 Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 2007 432 17 .9 Construction (Head Protection) Regulations 1989 444 17 .10 Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 445 17 .11 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002 and 2005 Amendment 446 17 .12 Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 2002 450Contents xi 17 .13 Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 453 17 .14 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 455 17 .15 Employers ’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 and Regulations 1998 amended in 2002 458 17 .16 Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 459 17 .17 Health and Safety (First aid) Regulations 1981 as amended in 2002 467 17 .18 Health and Safety (Information for Employees) Regulations 1989 467 17 .19 Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005 468 17 .20 Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999 469 17 .21 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998 as amended in 2002 471 17 .22 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 as amended in 2003 and 2006 474 17 .23 Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHO) 1992 as amended in 2002 477 17 .24 Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 480 17 .25 Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 484 17 .26 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (except Part IV) as amended in 2002 486 17 .27 The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 491 17 .28 Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 493 17 .29 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996 495 17 .30 Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 and amendments 497 17 .31 Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 502 17 .32 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 504 17 .33 Work at Height Regulations 2005 as amended in 2007 507 17 .34 Other relevant Regulations in brief 511 18 INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY 519 18 .1 Introduction 519 18 .2 The role and function of the ILO 521 18 .3 Major occupational health and safety management systems 524 18 .4 Other key characteristics of a health and safety management system 531 18 .5 The role of the regulatory authorities 534 18 .6 The benefits and problems associated with occupational health and safety management systems 535 18 .7 Conclusions on the three health and safety management systems 535 18 .8 Other minor additions to the International General Certificate 535 18 .9 Practice NEBOSH questions for the International General Certificate 537 Appendix 18.1 Scaffolds and ladders 538 19 STUDY SKILLS 539 19 .1 Introduction 539 19 .2 Finding a place to study 539 19 .3 Planning for study 540 19 .4 Blocked thinking 540 19 .5 Taking notes 540 19 .6 Reading for study 540 19 .7 Organizing for revision 541 19 .8 Organizing information 541 19 .9 How does memory work? 542 19 .10 How to deal with exams 543 19 .11 The examiners ’ reports 544 19 .12 Conclusion 545 19 .13 References 545xii Contents 20 SPECIMEN ANSWERS TO NEBOSH EXAMINATIONS 547 20 .1 Introduction 547 20 .2 The written examinations 547 20 .3 Hand drawn sketches 553 20 .4 NGC3 – the practical application 554 Appendix 20.1 The practical assessment 558 INDEX 565xiii List of principal abbreviations Most abbreviations are defined within the text. Abbreviations are not always used if it is not appropriate within the particular context of the sentence. The most commonly used ones are as follows: ACL Approved carriage list ACM Asbestos -containing material ACOP Approved Code of Practice ACPO Association of Chief Police Officers in Scotland AIB Asbestos Insulation Board ALARP As low as reasonably practicable APAU Accident Prevention Advisory Unit, now Operations Unit ARCA Asbestos Removal Contractors Association BA Breathing apparatus BAT Best available techniques BRE Building Research Establishment BSI British Standards Institution CAR Control of Asbestos Regulations CBI Confederation of British Industry CD Consultative document CDM Construction (Design and Management) Regulations CECA The Civil Engineering Contractors Association CEN Comite Europeen de Normalisation CENELEC Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique CHIP Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations CIB Chartered Institute of Building CIRA Construction Industry Research and Information Association CLAW Control of Lead at Work Regulations CONIAC Construction Industry Advisory Committee COPFS Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service CORGI Council for Registered Gas Installers COSHH Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations COSLA Convention of Scottish Local Authorities dB(A) Decibel (A-weighted) dB(C) Decibel (C-weighted) DSE Display screen equipmentxix DSEAR Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations DWP Department for Work and Pensions E & W England and Wales EAV Exposure action value EC European Community ELV Exposure limit value EMAS Employment Medical Advisory Service EPA Environmental Protection Act 1990 EU European Union FSA Financial Services Authority FSB Federation of Small Businesses HAV Hand– arm vibration HGV Heavy goods vehicle HIE Highlands and Islands Enterprise HOPE Healthcare , Occupational and Primary for Employees HSAC Health and Safety Advice Centre HSCER Health and Safety (Consultation with Employers) Regulations HSE Health and Safety Executive HSL Health and Safety Laboratory HSW Act Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 HWL Healthy Working Lives IAC Industry Advisory Committee ILO International Labour Office IOSH Institution of Occupational Safety and Health LBRO Local Better Regulation Office LEAL Lower exposure action level LOLER Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations LPG Liquefied petroleum gas MCG The Major Contractors Group MEL Maximum exposure limit MHOR Manual Handling Operations Regulations MHSW Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations MORR Management of Occupational Road Risk MoT Ministry of Transport (still used for vehicle tests) NAWR Control of Noise at Work Regulations NEBOSH National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health NVQ National Vocational Qualification OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series OSH Occupational Safety and Health PF Procurator Fiscal PHASS The Partnership on Health and Safety in Scotland POOSH Scotland Professional Organisations in Occupational Safety & Health PPE Personal protective equipment ppm Parts per million PUWER The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations RCD Residual current device REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals RES Representative (s) of employee safety RIDDOR The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations RoSPA Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents List of principal abbreviationsxx List of principal abbreviations RPE Respiratory protective equipment RRFSO Regulatory Reform Fire Safety Order RTA Road traffic accident SaHW Safe and Healthy Working SBSA Scottish Building Standards Agency ScotPHO Scottish Public Health Observatory SCVO Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations SE Scottish Executive SEPA Scottish Environment Protection Agency SHAW Scotland ’s Health at Work SPL Sound pressure level STEL Short -term exposure limit STUC Scottish Trades Union Congress SWL Safe working load SWP Safe working pressure TLV Threshold limit value TUC Trades Union Congress TWA Time -weighted average UEAL Upper exposure action level UK United Kingdom VAWR Vibration at Work Regulations WAHR Work at Height Regulations WBV Whole body vibration WEL Workplace exposure limit WHO World Health Organization WRULD Work -related upper limb disorderxxi Figure 1.5 HSE Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 1.12 From HSG65 Successful Health and Safety Management (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717612767. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 3.7 HSE INDG232 (rev) page 1 HSE Web. Figure 4.3 From HSG57 Seating at Work (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717612317. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 4.7 From HSG48 Reducing Error and Influencing Behaviour (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 0717624528. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 5.1 From HSG149 Backs for the Future: Safe Manual Handling in Construction (HSE Books 2000) ISBN 0717611221. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 6.1 Reproduced with permission from The Argus, Brighton. Figure 6.4 Courtesy of Stocksigns. Figure 6.7 Courtesy of Stocksigns. Figure 6.15 From HSG150 (rev 1) Health and Safety in Construction (HSE Books 2006) ISBN 0717661822. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 6.18 Adapted from PUWER 2008. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998: Open Learning Guidance (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 9780717662852. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 6.19 Cover of INDG98 Permit-to-Work Systems (HSE 1998) ISBN 0717613313. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 7.1 From HSG65 Successful Health and Safety Management (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717612767. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Illustrations creditsxxii Illustrations credits Figure 7.2 From Guide to Measuring Health and Safety Performance (HSE 2001). Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 8.5 From BI 510 Accident Book (HSE Books 2003) ISBN 0717626032. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 9.1 From HSG155 Slips and Trips (HSE Books 1996) ISBN 0717611450. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 9.4(a) From HSG76 Health and Safety in Retail and Wholesale Warehouses (HSE Books 1992) ISBN 0118857312. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 9.6 From HSG6 Safety in Working with Lift Trucks (HSE Books 2000) ISBN 0717617815. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 10.4 From L23 Manual Handling Operations – Guidance on Regulations (HSE Books 2004) ISBN 071762823X. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 10.5 From Manual Handling in the Health Services (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717612481. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 10.6 From HSG115 Manual Handling Solutions You Can Handle (HSE Books 1994) ISBN 0717606937. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 10.8(a) – (c) From HSG115 Manual Handling Solutions You Can Handle (HSE Books 1994) ISBN 0717606937. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 10.9 From HSG149 Backs for the Future: Safe Manual Handling in Construction (HSE Books 2000) ISBN 0717611221. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 10.10 From HSG76 Health and Safety in Retail and Wholesale Warehouses (HSE Books 1992) ISBN 0118857312. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 10.13 From HSG150 (rev 1) Health and Safety in Construction (HSE Books 2001) ISBN 0717621065. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 11.4 Courtesy of Draper. Figure 11.6 Courtesy of Draper. Speedy catalogue 2004, page 23. Figure 11.11 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery Second Edition, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, pages 26 – 34, 2005, with permission from Elsevier. Figure 11.15 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery Second Edition, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, pages 26 – 34, 2005, with permission from Elsevier. Figure 11.16 Courtesy of Allen-Bradley Guardmaster brand from Rockwell Automation. Figure 11.17 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery Second Edition, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, page 74, 2005, with permission from Elsevier.Illustrations credits xxiii Figure 11.18 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery Second Edition, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, pages 72 and 73, 2005, with permission from Elsevier. Figure 11.19 Courtesy of Allen-Bradley Guardmaster brand from Rockwell Automation. Figure 11.20 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery Second Edition, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, page 90, 2005, with permission from Elsevier. Figure 11.21 Courtesy of Canon. Figure 11.22 Courtesy of Fellowes. Figure 11.23 Courtesy of Draper. Figure 11.24 Courtesy of Draper. Figure 11.25 Courtesy of Atco-Qualcast. Figure 11.28 Picture supplied courtesy of STIHL GB. Figure 11.29 Courtesy of Pakawaste. Figure 11.30 Courtesy of Winget. Figure 11.31 From L114 Safe Use of Woodworking Machinery (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717616304. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 12.2 Courtesy of Stocksigns. Figure 12.7 (a) – (c) Courtesy of DeWalt. Figure 12.9 (a), (b) From Essentials of Health and Safety (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 071760716X. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 12.10 (a), (b) From Essentials of Health and Safety (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 071760716X. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 13.9 Courtesy of Armagard. Figure 13.10 Courtesy of NEBOSH. Figure 14.3 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, pages 240 and 248, 2002, with permission from Elsevier. Figure 14.4 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, page 9, 2002, with permission from Elsevier. Figure 14.5 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, page 8, 2002, with permission from Elsevier. Figure 14.6 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, page 340, 2002, with permission from Elsevier. Figure 14.7 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, page 363, 2002, with permission from Elsevier. Figure 14.9 Courtesy of Draeger Safety UK Limited. Figure 14.13 From HSG53 The Selection, Use and Maintenance of Respiratory Protective Equipment (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717615375. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.xxiv Illustrations credits Figure 14.14 Courtesy of Draper. Figure 15.1 From HSG121 A Pain in Your Workplace (HSE Books 1994) ISBN 0717606686. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 15.3 From INDG175 (rev 1) Health Risks from Hand-Arm Vibration (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717615537. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 15.4 From HSG170 Vibration Solutions (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717609545. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 15.9 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, page 195, 2002, with permission from Elsevier. Figure 15.12 Heat Stress Card published by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration, USA. Figure 15.15 From INDG69 (rev) Violence at Work: A Guide for Employers (HSE Books 2000) ISBN 0717612716. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 16.1 From HSG151 Protecting the Public – Your Next Move (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717611485. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 16.3 From HSG185 Health and Safety in Excavations (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 0717615634. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 16.7 From CIS49 (rev 1) General Access Scaffolds and Ladders. Construction Information Sheet No. 49 (revision) (HSE Books 2003). Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 16.9 From www.brattsladders.com . Figure 16.10 From HSG149 Backs for the Future: Safe Manual Handling in Construction (HSE Books 2000) ISBN 0717611221. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 16.13 From HSG185 Health and Safety in Excavations (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 0717615634. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 17.1 From INDG350 The Idiot’s Guide to CHIP: Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002 (HSE Books 2002) ISBN 0717623335. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 17.8 From L23 Manual Handling Operations – Guidance on Regulations (HSE Books 2004) ISBN 071762823X. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 18.6 From HSG65 Successful Health and Safety Management (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717612767. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland. Figure 20.1 Courtesy of Robert Kirkham. Index A Abrasion hazards , 220 Absolute duty , 8 Access control , 352 Accident books , 159 Accident reports, key data to be covered in , 160 Accidents: see also incidents categories of , 86 – 87 causes of , 153 , 174 costs of direct , 21 indirect , 22 defi nitions , 2 , 85 , 153 electrical , 250 incident rate , 65 investigations , 66 benefits from , 155 high-level , 156 legal reasons for , 154 – 155 logic and understanding , 154 low-level , 156 managers role , 155 medium-level and minimal-level , 156 range of adverse events , 153 – 154 rates , 18 – 20 at work , 18 – 19 , 85 , 159 – 160 Accident triangle , 86 Accommodation for clothing , 335 ACOP see Approved Code of Practice Action level values , 339 Active monitoring , 23 Adjustable guards , 224 Advisers, health and safety , 43 – 45 Agency workers ’ responsibilities under HSW Act , 40 Air pollution , 313 – 314 Air receivers, examination , 209 – 210 Alarms , 352 voice , 281 Alcohol abuse damages , 352 – 354 Alpha particles , 344 Ammonia , 296 Anthropometry , 326 Appointed persons, first-aid , 123 – 124 Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) , 11 , 12 , 335 , 371 , 401 , 410 , 432 , 433 , 534 Arcing, electric , 242 – 243 Asbestos, work involving , 130 – 132 Assembly and roll call: in emergencies , 122 – 123 in event of evacuation , 279 Assessments: see also risk assessment exposure , 113 health surveillance , 113 – 114 safe systems of work , 115 Attenuation, of noise levels , 341 – 342 Audit: of health and safety management system , 23 , 141 – 142 B Back pain, in truck drivers , 331 BATNEEC see Best Available Techniques not Entailing Excessive Cost Bench-top grinder: hazards , 222 safeguards , 227 – 228 Best Available Techniques not Entailing Excessive Cost , 313 Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) , 313 Beta particles , 344 Biological agents, forms of , 290 Biological health hazards , 290 Blocked thinking , 540 Boiler examination , 209 – 210 BPEO see Best Practicable Environmental Option Breathing apparatus , 308 – 309 Brush cutter/strimmer: hazards , 221 safeguards , 229 Building, fire protection of , 273 – 275 Burns , 239 – 240 Buying problems , 47 – 48 C Carbon dioxide , 296 Carbon monoxide , 296 – 297 Cardiovascular system , 294 Case law see civil law; common law; criminal law CDM see Construction Design and Management CDM Regulations 2007 , 372 – 373 , 432 CE markings , 47 – 48 , 205 – 207 Cement/concrete mixer: hazards , 222 safeguards , 233 Cement dust , 371 Certificate of conformity , 206 Chainsaw: boots , 232 hazards , 221 with rear handle , 230 safeguards , 229 Checklist: hazard , 95 health and safety policy , 30 – 31 manual handling of load assessment , 201 – 203566 Index Checklist: (continued) scaffolding faults , 52 sign , 110 for supply chain health and safety management , 60 – 61 workplace inspection , 148 – 152 Checkout conveyor system: hazards , 222 safeguards , 232 – 233 Chemical agents, forms of , 290 Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002 and Amendment Regulations classification – regulation , 4 , 424 collection authority , 422 globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals , 429 information and labelling – regulations 5 – 10 , 424 packaging of dangerous substance – regulation 7 , 424 – 425 REACH strategy , 425 – 429 regulation 11 , 425 retention of data – regulation 12 , 425 supplier of a dangerous chemical , 424 – 425 transfer note , 423 Chemical warning signs , 109 Chlorine , 296 Chronic hearing effects , 338 Circular saw, bench-mounted: hazards , 222 safeguards , 233 schematic representation of , 234 Civil law , 4 , 5 Collisions: pedestrians and flying objects , 171 pedestrians and moving vehicles , 170 – 171 pedestrians and stationary objects , 171 Combined Code of Corporate Governance 2003 , 531 Commercial stakeholders: and health and safety standards , 80 Common law , 5 – 6 based on judgements , 6 Common law torts and duties: duty of care , 7 negligence , 6 – 7 Communication: effective , 74 – 75 with employees and contractors , 35 influence on health and safety issues , 75 – 77 report writing , 139 – 141 Compactor: hazards , 222 safeguards , 232 Company car driver rules , 183 Compensation: accidents/incidents , 162 – 163 claims , 167 – 168 Competence: assessment , 229 – 232 defi nition , 73 Competent persons , 73 – 74 responsibities in permit system , 121 Confined space permit , 120 Confined Spaces Regulations (1997): defi nitions , 430 emergency arrangements , 431 employer duties , 430 overview , 430 – 431 risk assessment , 430 – 431 safe system of work , 431 training , 432 work in confined space , 430 Construction Design and Management (CDM2007) Regulations , 49 , 259 Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) regulations 2007: background and introduction , 432 civil liability , 445 – 446 duties of clients, CDM co-ordinators, principal contractors and contractors , 434 – 437 enforcement , 444 health and safety at construction sites , 439 – 442 health and safety file , 439 regulation 2 , 433 – 434 regulations, application and notification , 432 – 433 requirements under Section 17.8.3 , 437 roles of duty holders , 437 – 439 welfare facilities , 442 – 443 Construction (Head Protection) Regulations (1989): application , 444 provision and maintenance , 444 rules regulating wearing of suitable head protection , 445 Construction industry: accidents involving ladders , 382 – 383 Centre of the Regulations (Regulation 6) , 365 – 366 Construction Design and Management (CDM) Regulations 2007 , 364 construction phase health and safety plan , 374 demolition work , 376 drowning prevention , 368 electrical hazards , 370 excavations , 368 , 389 – 390 fatality statistics , 363 fire and other emergencies , 369 – 370 hazards and control , 364 – 372 , 381 – 389 hazards associated with fragile surfaces , 366 – 367 hazards associated with scaffolding structures , 384 – 388 , 395 hazards associated with stepladders, trestles and staging , 383 – 384 Health and Safety Executive (HSE) spot checks , 363 health and safety file , 374 , 380 health hazards , 370 – 372 inspection and maintenance , 388 – 389 , 390 management of construction activities , 372 – 381 management of demolition work , 367 – 368 method statement , 374 mobile elevated work platforms , 388 noise hazards , 370 notifiable work , 375 pre-construction health and safety information , 374 , 397 – 398 protection against falling objects , 367 protection against falls from work at height , 366 responsibilities of duty holders for nonnotifiable projects , 375 – 378 role of CDM Co-ordinator , 374 , 378 role of clients , 376 – 378 role of designers , 373 – 374 , 377 , 378 – 379 role of other workers , 380 role of principle contractor , 374 , 377 – 378 scope of construction , 364 selection and control of contractors , 380 – 381 vehicles and traffic routes , 368 – 369 waste disposal , 372 welfare facilities , 370 work at height deaths , 364 work at height regulations , 365 – 366 Construction plant with driver protection , 177 Construction site entrance signs , 109 Continual improvement , 533 Contractors: authorization , 50 CDM2007 regulations and , 49 defi nition , 48 permit system , 120 rules for , 51 – 52 safety rules for , 50 – 51 selection , 49 – 50 at work , 50 Control: see also risk control COSHH measures , 292 electrical hazards , 245 fire hazards , 264 – 265 Control measures for electrical hazards , 245Index 567 Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006 , 511 – 512 Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002 , 514 Control of Noise at Work Regulations , 339 , 341 Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005: decision chart , 481 elimination or control of exposure , 482 – 483 employer requirements , 481 exposure limit values and action levels , 480 – 482 health surveillance , 483 – 484 hearing protection , 483 maintenance and use of equipment , 483 risk assessment , 482 suitable and sufficient information, instruction and training , 484 Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 , 515 Control of Pollution (Oil Storage) Regulations 2001 , 314 Control of risks see risk control Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH): control measures required under engineering , 305 – 306 example using , 312 hierarchy of , 304 personal protective equipment , 307 – 311 preventative , 304 – 305 supervisory , 306 – 307 maintenance and emergency controls , 311 principles of good practice , 88 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002/2005: assessment forms , 321 – 322 assessments , 299 – 303 requirements , 299 role , 292 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002 and 2005 Amendment: accidents and emergencies , 449 – 450 assessment of health risk , 447 – 448 COSHH requirements , 447 defence , 450 definition of substance hazardous to health , 447 duties under COSHH , 447 health surveillance , 449 information, instruction and training , 450 monitoring exposure , 449 overview , 446 – 447 prevention or control of exposure , 448 – 449 use, maintenance, examination and test of control measures , 449 Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005: application , 502 assessment of risk to health created by vibration at the workplace , 502 – 503 elimination or control of exposure to vibration at workplace , 503 – 504 exposure limit values and action values , 502 health surveillance , 504 information, instruction and training , 504 interpretation , 502 introduction , 502 Convection of heat , 262 Conveyors: hazards and preventative measures , 193 roller, overhead, and slat , 192 Corporate homicide , 15 Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 , 15 , 513 Corporate responsibility: defi nitions , 1 Health and Safety Executive (HSE) , 1 – 2 COSHH see Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations COSHH Essentials HSG193 , 371 Courts , 4 – 6 Cranes , 195 – 197 Criminal law: government agencies enforcing , 3 Magistrates Court and Crown Court , 5 prosecution in criminal case , 4 Crown Court: penalties, health and safety offences , 14 powers , 5 Crushing hazards , 220 Customer information , 47 Cutting hazards , 213 – 214 Cylinder mower: hazards , 221 safeguards , 228 – 229 D Damping , 342 Dangerous occurrence: defi nition , 2 , 86 fire , 153 Dangerous substances: control measures , 269 DSEAR regulations and , 268 fire hazards , 268fl ammable gas cylinders , 270 mitigation measures , 269 risk assessment , 268 storage , 269 – 270 substitution , 268 – 269 Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 2002 accidents, incidents and emergencies , 452 applications , 451 classification of workplaces , 452 contents of containers and pipes , 452 – 453 elimination or reduction of risks , 451 information instruction and training , 452 overview , 450 risk assessments , 451 scope , 450 – 451 Decibel (dB) , 338 Departmental managers, health and safety responsibilities of , 43 , 58 Dermatitis , 295 Detector , 345 Direct burning, fire spread , 263 Directors, health and safety responsibilities: board members and , 40 – 41 health and safety policy development , 41 management system , 41 – 42 monitoring and reporting, health and safety information , 42 review of health and safety performance , 42 Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) , 280 Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 , 513 Disability Discrimination Act 2005 (DDA 2005) , 513 Display screen equipment (DSE): basic ill-health hazards , 333 – 334 basic requirements of the regulations , 333 eye strain , 334 keyboard and chair adjustments , 334 musculoskeletal problems , 334 psychological problems , 334 risk assessment of , 333 visual problems , 334 Documentation, safe systems of work , 116 – 117 Document shredders: machinery hazards , 220 safeguards , 227 Doors, means of escape from fire , 271 Double insulation: on portable power tools , 247 sign , 247 Drawing-in hazards , 220 Drinking water , 335 Drivers: of cars on company business, health and safety rules for , 183568 Index Drivers: (continued ) ergonomic considerations , 182 fitness and health , 181 – 182 risk evaluation , 180 – 183 route planning , 182 safety equipment , 182 scheduling , 182 time , 182 training , 180 – 181 vehicle condition , 182 weather conditions , 183 Drug abuse damages , 352 – 354 Duty of care , 7 E Ear, human , 337 – 338 Ear defenders (earmuffs) , 343 Earplugs , 342 – 343 Earthing , 238 Economics: and health and safety standards , 80 Effective audit , 532 – 533 Ejection hazards , 220 Electrical equipment: inspection strategies , 249 – 250 maintenance strategies , 247 – 249 protective systems fuse , 246 – 247 insulation and isolation , 247 reduced voltage systems , 247 selection of suitable , 236 Electrical fires and explosions , 241 – 242 Electrical hazards: arcing , 242 – 243 control measures for , 245 electrical fires and explosions , 241 – 242 electric shock and burns , 239 – 240 portable electrical equipment , 243 – 245 secondary hazards , 245 static electricity , 243 Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1994 , 513 – 514 Electric arcing , 242 – 243 Electric burns , 239 – 240 Electric current, forms of , 237 – 238 Electric drills , 216 – 217 Electricity: defi nitions , 238 hazards associated with see electrical hazards legislation to control and regulate use of , 237 – 238 principles and measurement of , 237 – 238 static , 243 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989: adverse or hazardous environments , 456 competence , 457 connections , 457 cutting of supply and isolation , 457 defi nitions , 456 duties , 456 earthing, integrity and other suitable precautions , 457 excess current protection , 457 strength and capability of equipment , 456 systems, work activities and protective equipment , 456 working space access and lighting , 457 work on dead electrical equipments , 457 Electric shock: effect of , 239 – 240 treatment , 240 Elevators , 193 Emergencies: assembly and roll call , 122 – 123 procedures , 34 , 35 , 122 – 123 supervisors , 122 Emergency fi rst aid at work (EFAW) , 126 Emergency lighting , 335 – 336 Employees: duties under HSW Act 1974 , 13 , 40 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 , 16 duties when buying plant and equipment , 47 – 48 representation , 79 Employers: duties under HSW Act 1974 , 12 – 13 case study , 39 health and safety of workers , 38 – 39 night workers , 39 temporary workers , 39 – 40 visitors and general public , 39 duties under MHSW 1999 , 16 Employers ’ Health and Safety Policy Statements (Exception) Regulations 1975 , 27 Employers ’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act , 4 Employers ’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 and Regulations 1998 amended in 2002 application , 458 coverage , 458 – 459 display of certificate , 459 overview , 458 penalties , 459 retention of certificates , 459 Employers ’ liability insurance , 17 – 18 Employment tribunals , 5 Enforcement notices, HSW act: improvement notice , 13 – 14 prohibition notice , 14 Engineering controls: chemical safety , 305 – 306 COSHH regulations , 105 England and Wales: court system in , 4 – 5 legal system , 4 – 5 sources of law , 6 Environment Agency , 17 role and function of , 17 Environmental considerations , 312 Environmental protection: defi nitions , 2 Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1990 , 312 application procedures , 419 best available techniques (414) , 413 duty of care , 421 – 422 EC Directive 96/61/EC on IPPC , 413 enforcement , 420 – 421 environmental impacts , 421 environmental permit applications , 417 – 418 environmental permitting , 415 exempt and excluded waste operations , 416 – 417 facilities for environmental permitting , 416 framework , 413 – 415 hazardous waste , 422 – 423 integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC) , 413 management systems , 420 overview , 413 overview of the regulatory process , 415 permit conditions , 419 role of regulator , 417 standard rules , 419 – 420 standard permits , 420 transitional arrangements , 418 waste management licence , 423 Equipment: controls , 210 operating and working environment , 210 – 212 Ergonomics , 67 consequences of poor , 326 – 330 and Control of Vibration at Work Regulations , 330 – 332 of display screen equipment , 333 – 334 principle and scope , 325 – 326 welfare and work environment issues , 334 – 337 Errors, human see human errors Escape routes, fire , 272 Escape times, fire , 273 EU see European Union European Courts , 5 – 6 European Six Pack , 9 European Union (EU): directives , 9 infl uence on health and safety , 9 Examination: air receivers and boilers , 209 – 210 lifting equipment , 197 – 198Index 569 Excavations: hazards associated with , 389 inspection and reporting requirements , 390 precautions and controls , 389 – 390 Expectant mothers, risk assessment , 91 – 92 Explosions, electrical , 241 – 242 Exposure limit values , 339 External agencies: Environment Agency , 17 Fire and Rescue Authority , 16 insurance companies , 17 – 18 External influences , 79 – 80 External sources, information on health and safety , 18 Eye protection , 310 F Falling from height , 172 Falling object protective structures (FOPS) , 177 – 178 Falling object signs , 109 Fault and no-fault injury compensation schemes , 536 – 537 Fines see penalties Fire: action signs , 108 , 109 basic principles , 259 – 260 causes of , 263 – 264 classification , 261 – 262 compartmentation , 274 – 275 consequences of , 264 detection , 270 – 271 drills , 280 electrical , 262 emergency plans , 278 – 280 extinguishers , 275 – 276 hazards and control , 264 – 265 loading , 273 means of escape in case of , 267 , 271 – 273 methods of extinguishing , 261 notices , 271 , 279 – 280 , 287 persons at risk , 265 – 266 plans , 268 protection in buildings , 273 – 275 and rescue authority, role and function of , 16 resistance of structural elements , 274 risk assessment findings , 267 , 286fi re hazards identification , 264 – 265 maintenance and refurbishment, combustible materials , 267 – 268 monitoring and reviewing , 267 recommended in Fire Safety Guides , 284 – 285 structural features , 267 routines , 279 RRFSO: enforcement , 258 offences , 258 safety duties , 257 – 258 safety signs , 109 spread , 262 – 263 surface spread of , 273 – 274 warning , 270 – 271 Fire fighting equipment (FFE): extinguishing media , 275 – 277 maintenance and testing of , 278 sprinklers , 277 – 278 Fire hazards: dangerous substances , 268 – 270 identification , 264 – 265 Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1999 , 256 Fire Services Act of 1947 , 255 First-aid: appointed persons , 124 box , 124 personnel numbers , 125 provision on work site, minimum , 123 signs , 109 training and approval arrangements, changes to , 124 – 126 First aiders , 123 – 124 Fixed guards , 223 Food Safety Act 1990 , 515 FOPS see falling object protective structures Fork-lift trucks: hazards associated with use of , 193 – 194 uses of , 193 Forms: incident investigation , 159 job safety analysis , 128 Fragile roof sign , 110 Fuses , 246 – 247 G Gamma rays , 344 Gas Appliances (Safety) Regulations 1995 , 514 Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 , 514 Genetic effects , 345 Guards: adjustable , 224 construction , 233 – 234 fixed , 223 interlocking , 224 – 225 Guidance: best practice , 12 legal , 12 – 13 H Hand – arm vibration , 330 – 331 Hand-held power tools: physical hazards and safeguards relating to , 214 , 215 electric drills , 216 – 217 sanders , 217 – 218 safety controls and instructions , 215 – 216 Hand-held tools: hazards from misuse of , 212 – 213 safety considerations , 213 – 214 Hand protection , 309 – 310 Hazard defi nition , 2 Hazardous substances: classifi cation and health risks , 291 – 292 principles of good practice for control of exposure to , 304 routes of entry into human body , 292 transport by road , 311 – 312 Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005 , 468 – 469 Hazardous Waste Regulations , 316 Hazards: checklist , 33 , 95 defi nition , 85 fire , 268 – 270 heat and radiation , 343 – 347 identification , 88 manual handling , 185 mechanical handling , 191 mechanical machinery , 220 – 222 of mobile work equipment , 175 – 176 non-mechanical , 220 to pedestrians being struck by moving objects , 171 collisions with moving vehicles , 170 – 171 falls from work at height , 170 slips, trips and falls on same level , 170 striking against fixed objects , 171 and risk assessments , 60 – 61 in vehicle operations , 173 – 175 Health and safety: human failures in human errors , 70 – 71 violations , 71 – 72 legal framework for , 2 civil law , 4 criminal law , 3 – 4 management see health and safety management responsibilities, detailed departmental managers , 58 – 59 employees and agency workers , 60 managing directors/chief executives , 58 supervisors , 59 – 60 sources of information on , 18 training benefits of , 75 job-specific , 77 legislation requiring , 82 needs and opportunities , 75 – 76 new employees and contractors , 76 – 77 supervisory and management , 77570 Index Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSW Act): approved code of practice , 11 background to , 9 – 10 CEO responsibility under , 28 , 42 – 43 duties of persons in control of premises under , 45 duties of self-employed under , 45 enforcement of enforcement notices , 13 – 14 penalties , 14 powers of inspectors , 13 , 14 work-related deaths , 14 general duties and key sections of , 12 – 13 general duties in management regulations , 11 guidance , 11 – 12 Health and Safety Executive (HSE) , 10 – 11 section 2(3) of , 27 Health and Safety Commission (HSC): guidance on safety duties of company directors , 67 Health and safety committee: objectives of , 53 – 54 Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 , 54 – 56 application , 445 civil proceedings , 446 employer duties , 445 functions of RES , 446 ideas for elections , 446 information to be provided , 445 – 446 role of Representative(s) of Employee Safety (RES) , 445 , 446 Health and safety culture: components of , 64 consultation with workforce in Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 and , 54 – 56 on health and safety issues , 53 importance of , 52 Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 and , 53 – 54 defi nition of , 63 – 64 development of positive commitment by management , 72 – 73 health and safety standards promotion , 73 – 74 factor affecting , 65 human factors and jobs , 67 – 68 organization , 66 – 67 personal factors , 68 – 70 indicators of , 64 – 65 Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992: daily work routine of users , 454 defi nitions , 453 exemptions , 453 eyes and eyesight , 454 information on all aspects of health and safety , 455 overview , 453 risk assessment , 454 training , 454 – 455 workstation regulations , 454 Health and Safety Executive (HSE): corporate responsibility , 1 – 2 first-aid training courses , 124 – 126 guidance for manual lifting , 188 level of investigation of incident , 156 merger with Health and Safety Commission , 10 – 11 Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981 , 123 Health and Safety (First aid) Regulations 1981 as amended in 2002: duties of employer , 467 employees information , 467 self employed regulations , 467 Health and Safety Information (Amendment) Regulations , 15 Health and Safety (Information for Employees) Regulations , 15 Health and Safety (Information for Employees) Regulations 1989 , 467 Health and safety management: auditing aims of , 141 process of , 141 checklist for supply chain , 60 – 61 control arrangements , 38 financial arguments for , 21 – 22 key elements for effective , 22 – 23 legal arguments for , 20 – 21 levels of control of , 135 – 136 moral arguments for , 18 – 20 performance measurement failures in risk control , 138 inspections , 136 – 138 safety sampling , 138 performance review , 142 – 143 responsibilities of competent persons , 43 – 44 departmental managers , 43 , 58 – 59 directors , 40 – 42 health and safety practitioner , 44 managing directors/chief executives , 42 – 43 , 58 supervisors , 43 , 59 – 60 Health and Safety Offences Act 2008 , 515 penalties under , 5 Health and safety performance measurement: active monitoring , 136 – 138 effective risk control , 135 – 136 frequency of monitoring and inspections , 139 measurement at each management level , 138 – 139 purpose of measuring , 134 – 135 reactive monitoring , 136 traditional approach to measuring , 133 – 134 Health and safety policy: checklist , 34 – 35 clear , 22 effective , 27 key elements/sections of arrangements section , 30 – 31 health and safety adviser , 30 responsibilities, management , 29 statement of intent , 28 – 29 legal requirements of , 27 – 28 review of , 31 – 32 Health and safety practitioner , 44 Health and safety representatives, functions of , 55 Health and safety rules, company car drivers , 183 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996: defi nitions , 495 functions of colours, shapes and symbols in safety signs , 495 – 497 information, instruction and training , 495 introduction , 495 provision and maintenance of safety signs , 495 Health and safety standards: influences on external , 79 – 80 internal , 77 – 79 promotion , 73 – 74 Health definition , 2 Health hazards: chemical , 291 – 293 specific agents , 296 – 299 Health risks: categories of , 87 health surveillance of workers to assess , 113 principles of control for , 112 survey techniques , 302 – 303 from work activities , 112 – 113 Health surveillance , 113 – 114 , 311 Heat hazards , 343 – 344 see also radiation hazards Heat stroke , 343 Heat transmission principles , 262 – 263 Heinrich’s accidents/incidents ratio , 66 High voltage apparatus, work permit , 120 Highway Code , 11 , 182Index 571 Hoists , 196 Hold-to-run controls , 226 Hot work permit , 120 – 121 Housekeeping, risk control , 111 , 138 HSC see Health and Safety Commission HSE Guidance document L108 , 340 HSG , 65 , 525 HSW Act see Health and Safety at Work Act HSW Act 1974: duties of employees , 409 duties of employers , 408 duties of manufacturers/suppliers , 409 duties of owners/occupiers , 408 – 409 modernization of health and safety law in Great Britain , 410 – 413 offences , 409 – 410 powers of inspectors , 409 Schedule 3A , 411 – 412 Human body, routes of entry , 292 – 296 Human errors: mistakes , 71 slips and lapses , 70 – 71 steps to reduce likelihood of , 71 Human factors: defi nition of , 66 jobs , 67 – 68 organization , 66 – 67 personal factors , 68 – 70 I ICC see Incident Contact Centre Ignition sources , 259 Ill-health effects, of ergonomic hazards: due to vibration , 327 hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) , 327 – 328 Health and Safety Executive (HSE) measures , 329 – 330 preventative and precautionary measures , 329 – 330 whole-body vibration (WBV) , 328 – 329 work-related upper limb disorders (WRULDs) , 327 Ill health reports, key data to be covered in , 160 Ill-health statistics in isolation, problems with use of , 134 ILO-OSH 2001 guidelines , 529 – 530 , 534 Improvement notice , 13 – 14 Incident Contact Centre (ICC) , 161 Incident reports, key data to be covered in , 160 Incidents: causes of , 153 data analysis/collection , 161 – 162 investigation basic elements to , 157 benefits from , 155 follow-up , 158 form , 159 high-level , 156 immediate , 156 – 157 key date for medium level of , 159 legal reasons for , 154 – 155 logic and understanding , 154 low-level , 156 managers role in , 155 medium-level and minimal-level , 156 range of adverse events , 153 – 154 recommendations , 158 by supervisors , 156 training of people involved in , 158 – 159 witnesses , 158 legal recording and reporting requirements , 159 – 161 Individual capability, manual handling assessment , 187 , 190 Induction training , 76 – 77 Infrared radiation , 346 Injuries: see also accidents accident investigation , 155 – 156 manual handling , 186 , 189 – 190 risk to employees , 174 – 175 Injury/ill-health statistics in isolation, problems with use of , 134 Inspections: frequency , 139 proactive monitoring and measuring performance , 136 – 138 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 , 167 reports, workplace , 147 standards , 138 Inspectors, powers of: decision to prosecute , 14 under HSW Act , 13 Insulating materials , 274 Insurance: accidents/incidents , 162 – 163 claims , 167 – 168 companies influence on health and safety standards , 17 , 80 premiums , 18 Interlocking guard , 224 – 225 Internal infl uences , 77 – 79 Internal roadway with markings , 175 Internal sources, information on health and safety , 18 International aspects, of health and safety: benefits and problems associated with occupational health and safety systems , 535 characteristics of a successful occupational health and safety management system , 531 – 533 fault and no-fault injury compensation schemes , 536 – 537 hazards of working in unfamiliar countries and/or climates , 536 International General Certificate exam , 537 occupational health and safety management systems , 524 – 530 role and function of the International Labour Organization (ILO) , 521 – 523 role of regulatory authorities , 534 – 535 scope , 519 – 521 International General Certificate exam , 537 International Labour Organization (ILO), role and function: Codes of Practice, guidance and manuals , 522 – 523 continual improvement , 533 conventions and recommendations , 521 – 523 effective audit , 532 – 533 guiding policies for action , 521 – 522 main principles , 521 protection measures , 522 stakeholders , 532 Investigation: basic elements to , 157 – 158 benefits from , 155 follow-up , 158 form , 159 high-level , 156 immediate , 156 – 157 key date for medium level of , 159 legal reasons for , 154 – 155 logic and understanding , 154 low-level , 156 managers role in , 155 medium-level , 156 minimal-level , 156 range of adverse events , 153 – 154 recommendations , 158 by supervisors , 156 training of people involved in , 158 – 159 witnesses , 158 Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 (IRR99): duties of self-employed people , 469 general requirements , 469 – 470 radiation employers , 469 risk assessment , 470 working with ionizing radiation , 469 Ionizing radiation see radiation hazards Isocyanates , 297 Isolation of the workers , 342 Isolators , 248 J Job: considerations in design of , 67 – 68 health and safety, causes for failures in , 68 safety analysis form , 128 training , 77572 Index L Lagging , 342 Lasers , 346 Legal arguments , 20 – 21 Legal framework , 3 – 4 Legal guidance , 11 – 12 Legal reasons, incidents/accidents investigations , 154 – 155 Legal requirements, health and safety: acts and regulations, summarized , 405 – 408 agreement between the Scottish Executive and the Health and Safety Executive , 402 – 404 general framework , 401 – 402 Health and Safety Executive (HSE) , 402 relationship between the regulator and industry , 402 in Scotland , 402 Legal system: in England and Wales , 4 – 5 in Scotland , 5 Legionella , 298 Legislation and enforcement , 79 Leptospirosis see Weil’s disease Levels of statutory duty , 8 – 9 Lifting equipment: code of practice for safe use of , 197 cranes , 195 – 197 fork-lift trucks , 193 – 194 positioning and installation of , 190 risk assessment for use of , 204 statutory examination , 197 – 198 types of , 191 – 197 Lifting operations: organization of , 191 requirements for , 191 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998 as amended in 2002: applications , 471 defi nitions
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