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| موضوع: كتاب Maintenance Engineering Handbook - Seventh Edition الأربعاء 27 سبتمبر 2023, 1:30 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Maintenance Engineering Handbook Seventh Edition R. Keith Mobley Editor in Chief Lindley R. Higgins , Darrin J. Wikoff , Seventh Edition
و المحتوى كما يلي :
CONTENTS Contributors ix Foreword xi Preface xii SI Units and Conversion Factors xiii Section 1 Organization and Management of the Maintenance Function Chapter 1. Redefining Maintenance—Delivering Reliability Scott Franklin 1.3 Chapter 2. Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Maintenance R. Keith Mobley 1.9 Chapter 3. Maintenance and Reliability Engineering R. Keith Mobley 1.17 Chapter 4. Cooperative Partnerships Jeff Nevenhoven 1.23 Chapter 5. Effective Maintenance Organizations Randy Heisler 1.31 Chapter 6. Operating Policies of Effective Maintenance Tom Dabbs 1.39 Chapter 7. Six Sigma Safety: Applying Quality Management Principles to Foster a Zero-Injury Safety Culture Michael Williamsen 1.55 Section 2 The Horizons of Maintenance Management Chapter 1. Corrective Maintenance R. Keith Mobley 2.3 Chapter 2. Reliability-Based Preventive Maintenance R. Keith Mobley 2.7 Chapter 3. Predictive Maintenance R. Keith Mobley 2.19 For more information about this title, click hereChapter 4. Reliability-Centered Maintenance Darrin Wikoff 2.35 Chapter 5. Total Productive Maintenance R. Keith Mobley 2.41 Chapter 6. Maintenance Repair and Operations—Storeroom Excellence Wally Wilson 2.59 Chapter 7. Computerized Planning and Scheduling Thomas A. Gober 2.79 Chapter 8. Computer-Based Maintenance Management Systems R. Keith Mobley 2.91 Section 3 Engineering and Analysis Tools Chapter 1. Economics of Reliability Robert Fei 3.3 Chapter 2. Work Measurement Bruce Wesner 3.19 Chapter 3. Rating and Evaluating Maintenance Workers Robert (Bob) Call 3.65 Chapter 4. Work Simplification in Maintenance Al Emeneker 3.89 Chapter 5. Estimating Repair and Maintenance Costs Tim Kister 3.107 Chapter 6. Key Performance Indicators John Cray 3.121 Chapter 7. Maintenance Engineer’s Toolbox Shon Isenhour 3.133 Chapter 8. Root Cause Analysis Darrin Wikoff 3.153 Section 4 Maintenance of Plant Facilities Chapter 1. Maintenance of Low-Sloped Membrane Roofs Donald R. Mapes and Dennis J. McNeil 4.3 Chapter 2. Concrete Industrial Floor Surfaces: Design, Installation, Repair, and Maintenance Robert F. Ytterberg 4.17 iv CONTENTSChapter 3. Maintenance and Cleaning of Brick Masonry Structures Brian E. Trimble 4.27 Chapter 4. Maintenance of Elevators and Special Lifts Jerry Robertson 4.43 Chapter 5. Air-Conditioning Equipment Martin A. Scicchitano 4.53 Chapter 6. Ventilating Fans and Exhaust Systems R. Keith Mobley 4.87 Chapter 7. Dust-Collecting and Air-Cleaning Equipment Lee Twombly and Samuel G. Dunkle 4.111 Section 5 Maintenance of Mechanical Equipment Chapter 1. Plain Bearings R. Keith Mobley 5.3 Chapter 2. Rolling-Element Bearings Daniel R. Snyder 5.19 Chapter 3. Flexible Couplings for Power Transmission Terry Hall 5.45 Chapter 4. Chains for Power Transmission Frank B. Kempf 5.73 Chapter 5. Cranes: Overhead and Gantry William S. Chapin 5.83 Chapter 6. Chain Hoists R. C. Dearstyne 5.91 Chapter 7. Belt Drives Dan Parsons and Tim Taylor 5.99 Chapter 8. Mechanical Variable-Speed Drives Carl March 5.145 Chapter 9. Gear Drives and Speed Reducers Robert G. Smith 5.161 Chapter 10. Reciprocating Air Compressors R. Keith Mobley 5.185 Chapter 11. Valves Terry Hall 5.197 Chapter 12. Pumps: Centrifugal and Positive Displacement Carl March 5.213 CONTENTS vSection 6 Maintenance of Electrical Equipment Chapter 1. Electric Motors Shon Isenhour 6.3 Chapter 2. Maintenance of Motor Control Components Shon Isenhour 6.39 Chapter 3. Maintenance of Industrial Batteries (Lead-Acid, Nickel-Cadmium, Nickel-Iron) Terry Hall 6.79 Section 7 Instruments and Reliability Tools Chapter 1. Mechanical Instruments for Measuring Process Variables R. Keith Mobley 7.3 Chapter 2. Electrical Instruments for Measuring, Servicing, and Testing R. Keith Mobley 7.43 Chapter 3. Vibration: Its Analysis and Correction R. Keith Mobley 7.69 Chapter 4. An Introduction to Thermography R. Keith Mobley 7.105 Chapter 5. Tribology R. Keith Mobley 7.127 Section 8 Lubrication Chapter 1. The Organization and Management of Lubrication F. Alverson, T. C. Mead, W. H. Stein, and A. C. Witte 8.3 Chapter 2. Lubricating Devices and Systems Duane C. Allen 8.13 Chapter 3. Planning and Implementing a Good Lubrication Program R. Keith Mobley 8.27 Section 9 Chemical Corrosion Control and Cleaning Chapter 1. Corrosion Control Denny Bardoliwalla and Klaus Wittel 9.3 Chapter 2. Industrial Chemical Cleaning Methods Robert Haydu, W. Emerson Brantley III, and Jerry Casenhiser 9.17 vi CONTENTSChapter 3. Painting and Protective Coatings Bryant (Web) Chandler 9.35 Chapter 4. Piping Tyler G. Hicks 9.55 Chapter 5. Scaffolds and Ladders Colin P. Bennett 9.91 Section 10 Maintenance Welding Chapter 1. Arc Welding in Maintenance J. E. Hinkel 10.3 Chapter 2. Gas Welding in Maintenance Engineers of L-TEC Welding and Cutting Systems 10.63 Index I.1 A3 process, 3.155–3.159 form for, 3.158–3.159 steps of, 3.156–3.158 Ability, in law of intelligent action, 3.91 Abrasion, with ventilating fans, 4.99–4.100 Abrasion method, 9.30 Abrasion resistance, 4.21 Abrasive wear, 10.43–10.44 ABS, for corrosion control, 9.10 Absolute-pressure elements, 7.18 Absorbers, gas, 4.113, 4.114 Absorption, atmospheric, 7.113 Absorption machines: leak testing for, 4.66 leaktightness, 4.65 maintenance of, 4.64–4.65 pumps, 4.66 purge units, 4.66 safeties, 4.66 service valves, 4.66 Absorptivity, 7.113 AC (alternating current), 7.115 AC induction motors, 6.3–6.9 construction of, 6.6 design of, 6.7 insulation for, 6.7–6.8 speed-torque characteristics of, 6.6–6.7 temperature of, 6.8–6.9 theory for, 6.6 troubleshooting, 6.20–6.25 AC instruments, 7.56 AC motors, 6.3–6.6 AC volts, 7.53–7.55 Accelerating voltages, 7.66 Acceleration, of vibration, 7.75, 7.77 Accelerometers, 7.97 Acceptable operating envelope, 3.171 Acceptance testing, 7.69 Accessory equipment, 10.52–10.55 Accounting function, 2.106–2.107 Acetal homopolymers, 9.10 Acid(s): citric, 9.20 cleaning with, 9.20–9.21 inhibited muriatic acid (HCl), 9.20 inhibited sulfuric acid, 9.20–9.21 inorganic, 9.20–9.21 cleaning with, 9.20–9.21 inhibited muriatic acid (HCl), 9.20 inhibited sulfuric acid, 9.20–9.21 nitric acid, 9.21 Acid(s): inorganic (Cont.) phosphoric acids, 9.21 sulfuric acid, 9.21 monoammoniated citric acids, 9.20 nitric, 9.21 organic, 9.20 phosphoric, 9.21 sulfuric, 9.21 Acid cleaning, 9.86, 9.87 Acid number, 8.31 Across-the-flex element: of flexible couplings, 5.67–5.71 horizontal alignment solution for, 5.70–5.71 vertical alignment solution for, 5.67–5.70 Action item matrix (AIM), 1.58–1.60 Active descriptions, 3.140 A/D conversion, 7.113 Adjustable pulleys, 4.74 Adjustable while in motion (nonenclosed) friction drives, 5.145–5.151 Adjustable-type relays, 6.68 Administrative skills, 1.35 Aesthetics, painting for, 9.37–9.38 Aftercoolers, 5.193 AIM (action item matrix), 1.58–1.60 Air, entrained, 5.217–5.218 Air compressors, 5.185–5.196 and aftercoolers, 5.193 and air filters, 5.186, 5.187 and air receivers, 5.187 bearings in, 5.192–5.193 capacity of, 5.187 cleaning, 5.193 foundation of, 5.185–5.186 and intercoolers, 5.193 location of, 5.185, 5.187 lubrication of, 5.188–5.189 nonlubricated cylinders in, 5.189 packing, 5.193–5.196 piston rings in, 5.191–5.192 starting new, 5.188 and suction lines, 5.186, 5.187 unloading, 5.193 valves of, 5.189–5.191 Air conditioners (see Air-conditioning equipment) Air filters, 4.76–4.77, 5.186, 5.187 Air motors, 4.84 Air receivers, 5.187 Air washers, 4.66–4.67 cleaning, 4.66 fans in, 4.66 Air washers (Cont.) lubrication of, 4.66–4.67 maintenance of, 4.66–4.67 Air-acetylene appliances, 10.63–10.71 applications of, 10.70–10.71 automobile body soldering, 10.67 electrical connections, 10.67–10.68 paint burning, 10.69–10.70 precautions with, 10.63–10.64 safety considerations with, 10.63–10.64 sheet metal working, 10.65–10.67 soldering, 10.64–10.65 sweat-type fittings, 10.68–10.69 Air-carbon arc cutting (CAC-A), 10.27–10.30 Air-cleaning (dust control) equipment, 4.111–4.124 electrostatic precipitators, 4.117–4.118 fans in, 4.121–4.122 maintenance of, 4.120–4.122 sludge settling tanks, 4.121 exhaust ducts maintenance of, 4.122 preventative maintenance of, 4.123 exhaust hoods maintenance of, 4.122 preventative maintenance of, 4.123 fabric filtration, 4.116–4.117, 4.120 fans in, 4.121–4.122 gas absorbers, 4.113, 4.114 inertial (dry centrifugal), 4.112, 4.119 maintenance of, 4.118–4.124 electrostatic precipitators, 4.120–4.122 exhaust ducts, 4.122 exhaust hoods, 4.122 fabric filtration, 4.120 inertial equipment, 4.119 wet collectors, 4.119–4.120 orifice type scrubbers, 4.120 packed scrubbers, 4.119 particulate scrubbers, 4.114, 4.115 and sludge settling tanks, 4.121 types of, 4.112–4.118 wet centrifugal scrubbers, 4.119–4.120 wet collectors (scrubbers), 4.112, 4.113 maintenance of, 4.119–4.120 orifice type, 4.120 packed scrubbers, 4.119 wet centrifugal, 4.119–4.120 wet dynamic, 4.120 wet dynamic scrubbers, 4.120 Air-compressor check valve, 5.201–5.202 Air-conditioning equipment, 4.53–4.85 absorption machines, 4.64–4.65 and air motors, 4.84 air washers, 4.66–4.67 air-cooled condensers, 4.69 belt drives, 4.73–4.74 centrifugal compressors, 4.67–4.68 coils, 4.68–4.69, 4.84 components of, 4.57–4.58 and compressed-air lines, 4.84 and condensers, 4.70, 4.84 coolers, 4.71 cooling loads, 4.53–4.55 latent loads, 4.54 from lights, 4.54 occupancy loads, 4.54 outside-air loads, 4.54 removal of, 4.54 size of, 4.54–4.55 sun loads, 4.53 transmission loads, 4.53–4.54 cooling towers, 4.71–4.73 dampers, 4.73 dehumidifiers, 4.80 economizers, 4.74–4.75 equipment for, 4.57 evaporative condensers, 4.69–4.70, 4.84 fans, 4.75–4.76 filters, 4.76–4.78 freezing issues with air motors, 4.84 coils, 4.68–4.69, 4.84 compressed-air lines, 4.84 condensers, 4.70, 4.71, 4.84 damage from, 4.83 evaporative condensers, 4.70, 4.84 prevention of, 4.83–4.84 susceptible areas, 4.84 water coils, 4.84 water lines, 4.84 water-cooled condensers, 4.71 well pumps, 4.84 heat pumps, 4.79–4.80 heaters, 4.78–4.79 and heating loads, 4.55 humidifiers, 4.80 installation of, 4.61 latent loads, 4.54 loads on, 4.53–4.55 cooling, 4.53–4.55 heating, 4.55 maintenance of, 4.61–4.85 absorption machines, 4.64–4.65 air washers, 4.66–4.67 air-cooled condensers, 4.69 belt drives, 4.73–4.74 centrifugal compressors, 4.67–4.68 coils, 4.68–4.69 coolers, 4.71 cooling towers, 4.71–4.73 dampers, 4.73 dehumidifiers, 4.80 economizers, 4.74–4.75 evaporative condensers, 4.69–4.70 fans, 4.75–4.76 filters, 4.76–4.78 with freeze protection, 4.83–4.84 heat pumps, 4.79–4.80 heaters, 4.78–4.79 Air-conditioning equipment, maintenance of (Cont.) humidifiers, 4.80 operating logs for, 4.63 pumps, 4.80–4.81 requirements for, 4.63, 4.64 responsibility for, 4.61 rooftop units, 4.81–4.82 room air conditioners, 4.82–4.83 self-contained units, 4.83 spare parts, 4.63 training for, 4.63 and water conditioning, 4.84–4.85 water-cooled condensers, 4.70–4.71 occupancy loads, 4.54 and operating logs, 4.63 outside-air loads, 4.54 preventative maintenance for, 4.61 pumps, 4.80–4.81 refrigeration, 4.55–4.56 equipment for, 4.58–4.61 measuring, 4.55–4.56 and oil, 4.58 and refrigerant, 4.58 responsibility for, 4.61 rooftop units, 4.81–4.82 room air conditioners, 4.82–4.83 self-contained, 4.83 spare parts for, 4.63 sun loads, 4.53 training for, 4.63 transmission loads, 4.53–4.54 and water coils, 4.84 water conditioning, 4.84–4.85 corrective measures for, 4.85 definitions of, 4.85 problems with, 4.84–4.85 and water lines, 4.84 water-cooled condensers, 4.70–4.71 and well pumps, 4.84 Air-cooled condensers: cleaning of, 4.69 inspection of, 4.69 lubrication of, 4.69 maintenance of, 4.69 Aircraft engines, 7.71 Air-receivers, 5.187 Alarm (alert) limits, 7.94–7.95 Algae, in cooling towers, 4.72 Alignment: of belt drives, 4.74 of cooling towers, 4.72 of face/rim, 5.63, 5.66, 5.67 of fans, 4.76 of flexible couplings, 5.54–5.56 horizontal, 5.61–5.63, 5.66, 5.67, 5.70–5.71 vertical, 5.59–5.61, 5.63, 5.66–5.70 Alkaline cleaners, 9.20 Alkyd coatings, 9.43 Alligatoring, 9.47 Allowance determination, 3.59, 3.60 Alloy steels, 10.36–10.39 high-manganese steels, 10.39 high-tensile low-alloy steels, 10.36 stainless clad steels, 10.38 stainless steels, 10.36, 10.38 straight chromium steels, 10.38 and welding, 10.36–10.39 Alterations, maintenance for, 1.10 Alternate displays, 7.66 Alternating current (ac), 7.115 (See also AC) Alternating current-instruments, 7.56 Alternators: defined, 7.115 motor, 7.116 Aluminum: for corrosion control, 9.9 and welding, 10.39 Aluminum complex soaps, 8.10 Aluminum ladders, 9.92 Aluminum scaffolding, 9.101–9.103, 9.105, 9.106 Aluminum soaps, 8.9 Ambient measurements, 7.110 Ambient temperature, 7.113 American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 9.93 Ammeters, 7.51–7.52 Ampacity, 7.115 Amperage, 7.115 Amperes, 7.53, 7.115 Amplitude, 7.77 Analog infrared equipment, 7.110 Analog multimeters, 7.44–7.48 Analogue data, 7.113 Analysis(-es): break-even, 3.14 broadband data for, 7.104 cause-and-effect, 3.138–3.139 computerized systems for, 2.88–2.90 cost-benefit, 7.135 for lubricating oil analysis, 7.135 for tribology, 7.135 cost-effectiveness, 3.14 electric motor analysis, 2.29–2.30 insulation resistance, 2.29–2.30 testing, 2.30 of equipment, 2.90 failure analysis for FSIs, 2.11–2.12 root-cause, 7.104 first level logic tree analysis, 2.12–2.13 fuel, 8.31–8.32 infrared, 8.32 life cycle cost analyses, 3.136 logic tree analysis, 2.12–2.14 first level, 2.12–2.13 second level, 2.14 lubricant, 8.30–8.32 and microorganisms, 8.32 and sediment, 8.32 and sugar, 8.32 and sulfur, 8.32 and viscosity, 8.32 and viscosity index, 8.32 and water, 8.32 lubricating oil analysis, 2.25–2.26, 7.128–7.129 contamination, 2.25, 7.128 cost-benefit analysis for, 7.135 fuel dilution, 2.25, 7.128 fuel soot, 2.26, 7.128 nitration, 2.26, 7.129 oxidation, 2.26, 7.128 particle count, 2.26, 7.129 solids content, 2.25, 7.128 total acid number, 2.26, 7.129 total base number, 2.26, 7.129 viscosity, 7.128 I.2 INDEXAnalysis(-es) (Cont.) in lubrication programs, 8.29–8.30 maintainability, 3.136–3.137 narrowband data for, 7.104 oil, 7.129 operating dynamics analysis, 2.31 Pareto, 3.141–3.142 of parts inventory, 2.89 root cause analysis (RCA), 153–3.176 A3 process, 3.155–3.159 for acceptable operating envelope, 3.171 analysis for, 3.159 application review, 3.172–3.174 capacity restrictions, 3.176 for clarifying problems, 3.166–3.168 concept of, 3.154–3.155 damage, 3.175–3.176 data for, 3.168–3.169 design review, 3.169–3.172 for economic performance, 3.176 for equipment damage/failure, 3.175–3.176 event-reporting format for, 3.165–3.166 and facts, 3.168–3.169 failure, 3.175–3.176 and five whys (5W), 3.161 formal process for, 3.161–3.163 identifying events with, 3.163–3.166 incident classification, 3.174–3.176 for incoming-project specifications, 3.171 methodology for, 3.154–3.155, 3.163 objectives of, 3.171 for operating performance, 3.176 for output-product specifications, 3.171 personnel requirements for, 3.163 physical evidence for, 3.168–3.169 problem solving with, 3.174 process for, 3.159–3.163 for product quality, 3.176 and regulatory compliance, 3.176 reporting for, 3.165–3.166 requirement of, 3.169 for safety, 3.176 for system damage/failure, 3.175–3.176 and visual inspection, 3.159–3.161 for work performed, 3.171 root-cause failure analysis, 7.104 second level logic tree analysis, 2.14 sequence-of-events analysis, 3.139–3.141 active descriptions in, 3.140 in logical order, 3.139 precision of, 3.140 qualifiers in, 3.141 SFMEA, 3.133–3.137 and life cycle cost analyses, 3.136 and maintainability analysis, 3.136–3.137 and mean time between failures (MTBF), 3.136 and reliability block diagram (RBD), 3.136 and reliability predictions, 3.136 and Simplified Failure Mode, Effect, and Criticality Analysis (SFMECA), 3.135 SFMECA, 3.135 signature, 2.23 spectrographic, 7.129 statistical analyses tools, 3.141–3.152 techniques for, 7.104 for tribology, 7.135 Analysis(-es) (Cont.) of vibration, 7.69–7.71 wear particle analysis, 2.26–2.28, 7.129–7.134 cost-benefit analysis for, 7.135 cutting wear, 2.27, 7.131, 7.132 monitoring and trending, 7.130 for particulate matter, 7.130–7.134 rolling fatigue, 2.27 rolling wear, 2.27 rubbing wear, 2.27 sliding wear, 2.27 of work controls, 2.89 of work orders, 2.88 Analytical cost estimate model, 3.15 Analytical ferrography, 8.31 Analytical models, 3.15 Angular (face) solution, 5.63, 5.66 ANSI (American National Standards Institute), 9.93 Application review, 3.172–3.174 installation, 3.172 maintenance history, 3.173 maintenance procedures, 3.174 operating envelope, 3.172 operating procedures, 3.173 Aqueous solutions, 9.14–9.15 Arc chambers, 6.45–6.46 Arc welding, 10.3–10.60 flux-cored (FCAW), 10.10 gas-shielded metal (GMAW), 10.11–10.13 role of, 10.3–10.6 shielded metal (SMAW), 10.6–10.9 submerged (SAW), 10.10–10.11 Armature, 7.115 Arresters, 7.115, 7.116 Ash, 8.31 Asset care, 1.19 Asset management, life cycle, 1.18 Assignment maintenance mechanics, 3.58–3.59 Astigmatism, 7.66 ASTM standards, 9.51–9.54 Atmospheric absorption, 7.113 Atmospheric attenuation, 7.113 Atmospheric emission, 7.113 Atmospheric pressure, 7.8–7.10 Atmospheric radiance, 7.113 Atmospheric reflectance, 7.113 Atomic hydrogen welding, 10.34 Attenuation, atmospheric, 7.113 Attenuators, 7.66, 7.115 Authority, 1.48–1.49 Automatic costs allocation, 2.106–2.107 Automatic dampers, 4.73 Automatic lubrication system, 8.13–8.26 centralized, 8.14–8.16 duoline systems, 8.20, 8.21 ejection systems, 8.23–8.24 injection systems, 8.24 injector systems, 8.17 oil mis systems, 8.16 orifice-control systems, 8.16–8.17 pump-to-point systems, 8.20–8.21 selection of, 8.25–8.26 series-progressive systems, 8.17–8.19 twin-line systems, 8.19–8.20 types of, 8.16 zone-control systems, 8.21, 8.22 Automatic triggering, 7.66 Automobile body soldering, 10.67 Autoranging, 7.50 Averages/ratios, 3.111 Averaging bulbs, 7.23 Awareness, painting for, 9.37–9.38 Axial fans, 4.95 Backlash, 7.83 Backlogs, 2.79 Backward-curved-blade centrifugal fans, 4.96 Balanced scorecard (BSC), 3.124–3.127 Ball check valve, 5.201–5.202 Ball valves, 5.207–5.208 Banded (joint) belts, 5.120–5.121 Bands, 7.113, 7.114 Bandwidth: defined, 7.113 of oscilloscopes, 7.66–7.67 Bar coding, 2.71–2.73 Base metals, 10.35–10.39 alloy steels, 10.36–10.39 carbon steels, 10.35–10.36 nonferrous metals, 10.39 and welding, 10.35–10.39 Base numbers, 8.31 Basic gear drives, 5.164 Batteries, 6.79–6.103 charging lead-acid batteries, 6.81–6.85 nickel-cadmium batteries, 6.93–6.94 nickel-iron batteries, 6.100–6.101 of standby-power batteries, 6.100–6.101 cleaning, 6.101–6.102 constant-current method for, 6.84 cycled, 6.100 and electrolytes, 6.102–6.103 equalizing charge for, 6.95 float charging, 6.94 for infrared equipment, 7.110 installation of lead-acid batteries, 6.80–6.81 nickel-cadmium batteries, 6.92–6.93 internal inspection for, 6.86–6.87 lead-acid, 6.80–6.89 charging, 6.81–6.85 condition of, 6.86–6.87 constant-current method for, 6.84 installation of, 6.80–6.81 internal inspection for, 6.86–6.87 maintenance of, 6.85–6.86 modified constant-voltage method for, 6.82–6.83 operation of, 6.80–6.81 overdischarging, 6.86 placement of, 6.81 records for, 6.86 repairs to, 6.88–6.89 taper method for, 6.84 test discharge for, 6.86 troubleshooting, 6.87–6.88 two-rate method for, 6.84 life expectancy for, 6.91–6.92 maintenance of lead-acid, 6.85–6.86 nickel-cadmium, 6.95–6.99 nickel-iron batteries, 6.101–6.103 modified constant-voltage method for, 6.82–6.83 nickel-cadmium, 6.89–6.99 INDEX I.3Batteries, nickel-cadmium (Cont.) charging, 6.93–6.94 construction of, 6.90 equalizing charge for, 6.95 float charging, 6.94 installation of, 6.92–6.93 life expectancy for, 6.91–6.92 maintenance of, 6.95–6.99 performance of, 6.91 plate processing for, 6.90 and pocket plates, 6.90–6.91 selection of, 6.92 and sintered plates, 6.91 trickle charging, 6.94–6.95 voltage of, 6.91 nickel-iron, 6.99–6.103 charging, 6.100–6.101 cleaning, 6.101–6.102 cycling, 6.100, 6.102 and electrolytes, 6.102–6.103 laying up, 6.102 maintenance for, 6.101–6.103 operation of, 6.99–6.100 watering, 6.101 and overdischarging, 6.86 performance of, 6.91 plate processing for, 6.90 and pocket plates, 6.90–6.91 and sintered plates, 6.91 standby-power, 6.100–6.101 taper method for, 6.84 test discharge for, 6.86 trickle charging, 6.94–6.95 troubleshooting, 6.87–6.88 two-rate method for, 6.84 voltage of, 6.91 watering, 6.101 Beam finders, 7.67 Beams, dual, 7.67 Bearing mountings, 5.28–5.32 Bearings: in air compressors, 5.192–5.193 antifriction, 6.12 of centrifugal compressors, 4.68 dismounting, 5.38–5.39 dynamics of, 7.80–7.82 fan, 4.75–4.76 grease-lubricated antifriction bearings, 6.12 hot, 5.118, 5.123, 5.137, 5.142 oil-lubricated sleeve bearings, 6.12–6.13 overheated, 4.110 plain, 5.3–5.18 bimetals for, 5.5 cleaning, 5.3–5.4 conformability of, 5.4 corrosion resistance of, 5.4 design of, 5.6–5.9 embedability of, 5.4 fatigue strength of, 5.4 inspection of, 5.9–5.15 location of, 5.7–5.8 and lubrication, 5.8–5.9 materials for, 5.4–5.5 monometals for, 5.5 preventative maintenance for, 5.3–5.4 reconditioning, 5.9, 5.15–5.18 rolling-element, 5.19–5.44, 7.80–7.81 bearing mountings, 5.28–5.32 boundary dimensions for, 5.20, 5.23 Bearings: rolling-elemen (Cont.) design for, 5.20 dismounting of, 5.33, 5.38–5.40 failure of, 5.19 fit of, 5.25–5.26 housing of, 5.25–5.26 load ratings for, 5.24–5.25 lubrication for, 5.41–5.44 mounting of, 5.33–5.38 nomenclature for, 5.20 series, 5.23, 5.24 shafts of, 5.25–5.26 sleeve, 6.12–6.13, 7.81–7.82 used, 5.9–5.14 ventilating fans, 4.107, 4.110 vibration of, 7.80–7.82 Beautification, painting for, 9.37–9.38 Behavioral expectations, 2.111 Bellows-actuated flowmeters, 7.5–7.7, 7.16–7.18 design of, 7.5–7.6 operation of, 7.6–7.7 Belt drives, 4.73–4.74 adjustable pulleys in, 4.74 alignment of, 4.74 and conventional mount synchronous sprockets, 5.130 couplings in, 4.74 curvilinear, 5.124 direct-connected, 4.74 dynamics of, 7.83–7.84 friction-type, 5.145–5.147 maintenance of, 4.73–4.74 modified curvilinear, 5.124 packaged, 5.155–5.156 replacement of, 4.74 and reverse mount synchronous sprockets, 5.130 service life of, 4.73, 4.74 synchronous, 5.123–5.127, 5.129–5.142 application guidelines for, 5.129 curvilinear belts, 5.124 guidelines for, 5.129 installation of, 5.129–5.131 maintenance of, 5.131–5.135 modified curvilinear belts, 5.124 nomenclature for, 5.126–5.127 and QD bushings, 5.130–5.131 tensioning, 5.135–5.136 timing belts, 5.124 tooth pitch, 5.124 tooth profiles, 5.124–5.125 troubleshooting, 5.136–5.142 synchronous sprockets, 5.127–5.129 conventional mount, 5.130 diameter of, 5.127 guidelines for, 5.129 reverse mount, 5.130 and tensioning, 4.74 in synchronous belts, 5.135–5.136 in V-belt drives, 5.115–5.116 timing belts, 5.124 troubleshooting synchronous belts, 5.136–5.142 V-belt drives, 5.117–5.123 V-, 5.99–5.143 application guidelines for, 5.103–5.108 datum length of, 5.101 dimensions of, 5.99–5.103 effective length of, 5.101, 5.102 Belt drives, V- (Cont.) length of, 5.101–5.102 maintenance of, 5.112–5.115 QD bushings, 5.111 tension of, 5.115–5.116 tensioning, 5.115–5.116 and TL bushings, 5.111 troubleshooting, 5.117–5.123 and V-belt sheaves, 5.102–5.103, 5.108–5.112 and ventilating fans, 4.106, 4.108 vibration of, 7.83–7.84 Belt guards, 4.106 Belt transmissions, 5.153–5.155 Belts (see Belt drives) Benefit-cost method, 3.14 Bent shafts, 7.89 Best practices: inventory management, 2.61 for key performance indicators (KPIs), 3.129 BHP (brake horsepower), 5.220 Bills of material, 2.94 Bimetals, for plain bearings, 5.5 Bi-modal histograms, 3.149 Bipolar input, 7.49 Bitumen roofing membranes, modified, 4.4 Blades, 7.83 Blanking, 7.67 Blisters, 4.12, 9.47 Block-and-jaw (Oldham) couplings, 5.49–5.50 Blowers, 7.91 Bolt tension (see Tensioning) Bolting, 9.83–9.86 Bourdon tubes, 7.15–7.18 Braided shunts, 6.46 Brake horsepower (BHP), 5.220 Braze welding, 10.74–10.75 Brazing, 10.71–10.72 Breakdown maintenance, 1.41–1.42, 2.3 Break-even analysis, 3.14 Brick masonry structures, 4.27–4.40 bronze stains on, 4.38 brown (manganese) stains on, 4.36–4.37 cleaning, 4.31–4.40 failures of, 4.31–4.32 hand washing, 4.35 procedures for, 4.32–4.36 of stains, 4.36–4.40 copper stains on, 4.38 cracked walls, 4.30–4.31 replacing units for, 4.30–4.31 and vertical expansion joints, 4.31 dirt stains on, 4.38 and efflorescence, 4.36 egg splatter on, 4.39 face grouting for, 4.29 failures of, 4.31–4.32 flashings, 4.29 green stain (vanadium salts) on, 4.36 hand washing for, 4.35 and high-pressure cold water, 4.33 and high-pressure steam, 4.33 historic structures, 4.40 inspection of, 4.27 iron stains on, 4.37–4.38 ivy stains on, 4.39 leaky walls, 4.27–4.30 face grouting, 4.29 flashings, 4.29 I.4 INDEXBrick masonry structures, leaky walls (Cont.) tuckpointing, 4.28–4.29 water repellents for, 4.30 oil stains on, 4.38 paint stains on, 4.37 paper stains on, 4.39 plant growth on, 4.39 and poultice, 4.37 routine inspection of, 4.27 sandblasting, 4.33, 4.35 smoke stains on, 4.38 stains on, 4.36–4.40 from bronze, 4.38 brown (manganese) stain, 4.36–4.37 cleaning of, 4.36–4.40 from copper, 4.38 from dirt, 4.38 from egg splatter, 4.39 green stain (vanadium salts), 4.36 from iron, 4.37–4.38 from ivy, 4.39 from oil, 4.38 from paint, 4.37 from paper, 4.39 from plant growth, 4.39 from poultice, 4.37 from smoke, 4.38 from straw, 4.39 from tar, 4.38 of unknown origin, 4.39–4.40 from welding splatter, 4.38 from white scum, 4.39 straw stains on, 4.39 tar stains on, 4.38 tuckpointing, 4.28–4.29 and vertical expansion joints, 4.31 water repellents, 4.30 welding splatter on, 4.38 white scum on, 4.39 Brightness, 7.67 Broadband data, 7.104 Broadband trending, 2.22–2.23 Broken strands, 7.112 Bronze check valves, 5.201–5.203 air-compressor check valve, 5.201–5.202 ball check valve, 5.201–5.202 nonmetallic-disk lift-check valve, 5.201 regrinding lift-check valve, 5.201 Renewo lift-check valve, 5.201 swing-check valve, 5.201 Bronze gate valves, 5.203–5.204 double-wedge rising-stem, 5.204 renewable-wedge-and-seat bronze, 5.204 screw-and-yoke rising-stem, 5.204 single-wedge nourishing-stem, 5.204 solid-wedge rising-stem, 5.204 Bronze globe valves, 5.200–5.201 600-Brinnel flat-seat, 5.201 nonmetallic-disk, 5.201 plug-type Renewo, 5.201 threaded-bonnet, 5.200 union-bonnet regrinding valve, 5.200 Bronze stains, 4.38 Bronze valves, 5.199–5.204 check valves, 5.201–5.203 gate valves, 5.203–5.204 globe valves, 5.200–5.201 Brown (manganese) stains, 4.36–4.37 Brushes, 7.115 BSC (balanced scorecard), 3.124–3.127 Bubbling, 9.47 Budget: CMMS for, 2.102 preparation of, 2.102 tracking, 2.102, 2.107 Building maintenance, 1.10 Built-up roofing membranes, 4.4, 4.11 Bulbs, 7.23 Bulk storage, 8.7 Burning, of gear-tooth, 5.182 Bus support insulators, 6.75 Bushings: QD, 5.111, 5.130–5.131 TL, 5.111, 5.131 of transformers, 7.112 Business plan, 1.36 Busy ducts, 7.111 Butterfly valves, 5.208 Bypass operation, 5.222 °C (Celsius degree), 7.113 CAC-A (air-carbon arc cutting), 10.27–10.30 Calcium complex soaps, 8.11 Calcium soaps, 8.10 Calibration: field calibration, 7.38–7.39 of flowmeters, 7.33–7.35 of pressure gages, 7.38–7.40 of relative-humidity-measuring instruments, 7.40 shop calibration, 7.39–7.40 of thermometers, 7.36 Capacitors: defined, 7.115 and infrared technology, 7.112 Capacity: of air compressors, 5.187 of air-receivers, 5.187 of fans, 4.75 in law of intelligent action, 3.91–3.92 and predictive maintenance, 2.33 restrictions, 3.176 of ventilating fans, 4.109 Capital cost, 7.134 Carbon steels, 10.35–10.36 cast iron, 10.36 and welding, 10.35–10.36 Cascade method, 9.23–9.24 Cast iron: carbon steels, 10.36 fusion welding, 10.78 hard facing for, 10.85 welding, 10.36 Cathodic protection, 9.13 Cause-and-effect analysis, 3.138–3.139 Cause-&-effect diagrams, 1.64–1.67 Caustic soda plus potassium permanganate, 9.20 Caustic soda-surfactant alkalies, 9.20 Cavitation: corrosion, 9.6 and plain bearings, 5.14 Celsius degrees (°C), 7.113 Centralization, 1.45–1.46 Centralized automatic lubrication system, 8.14–8.16 efficiency with, 8.15 and housekeeping, 8.16 and operating costs, 8.16 Centralized automatic lubrication system (Cont.) productivity with, 8.16 safety with, 8.14 Centrifugal compressors, 4.67–4.68 bearings of, 4.68 leak testing for, 4.68 lubrication of, 4.67–4.68 maintenance of, 4.67–4.68 oil heater of, 4.68 purge unit, 4.68 and refrigerant, 4.68 safeties of, 4.68 shutdown of, 4.68 Centrifugal fans, 4.97 Centrifugal pumps, 5.213–5.222 brake horsepower (BHP) for, 5.220 bypass operation of, 5.222 configuration of, 5.213–5.215 impeller orientation in, 5.214 impeller types in, 5.213 in-line, 5.214 with opposed impellers, 5.215 and discharge-piping configuration, 5.221–5.222 and entrained air, 5.217–5.218 foundation of, 5.221 hydraulic curve of, 5.218–5.220 impeller orientation in, 5.214 impeller types in, 5.213 and inlet-piping configuration, 5.221 in-line configuration of, 5.214 installation of, 5.220–5.222 net positive suction head, 5.215–5.216 operating conditions for, 5.222 operating methods for, 5.222 with opposed impellers, 5.215 performance of, 5.215 and piping, 5.221 startup procedures for, 5.222 suction conditions of, 5.215–5.218 and entrained air, 5.217–5.218 net positive suction head, 5.215–5.216 volume, 5.216–5.217 total dynamic head (TDH) requirement for, 5.218 total system head (TSH) requirement of, 5.218 and volume, 5.216–5.217 Ceramics, 9.9 Cetane number, 8.31 Chain couplings, 5.45–5.46 Chain drives, 5.78–5.80 and contamination, 5.79 and heat, 5.79 installation of, 5.78–5.79 lubrication of, 5.79–5.80 and oil viscosity, 5.79, 5.80 precision, 5.79–5.82 and windage, 5.79 Chain hoists, 5.91–5.98 design of, 5.98 hand-chain manually operated, 5.91–5.92 manually lever-operated, 5.91 performance of, 5.98 powered, 5.93–5.96 preventative maintenance for, 5.98 selection of, 5.96–5.98 types of, 5.91–5.96 INDEX I.5Chains, for power transmissions: bath lubrication for, 5.80 and chain drives, 5.78–5.82 and contamination, 5.79 disk lubrication for, 5.80 drip lubrication for, 5.80 lubrication for, 5.80 manual lubrication for, 5.80 oil-stream lubrication for, 5.80 service factors for, 5.75–5.76 special inverted-tooth chains, 5.76–5.78 Chalking, 9.47 Change(s): to density, 4.91 documentation of, 1.25 KPIs for, 3.124 to plant engineering, 1.25 resistance to, 1.35 Charging: with constant current, 6.94 of cycled batteries, 6.100 equalizing charge, 6.95 float charging, 6.94 for lead-acid batteries, 6.81–6.85 of nickel-cadmium batteries, 6.93–6.95 nickel-iron batteries, 6.100–6.101 of standby-power batteries, 6.100–6.101 and trickle charges, 6.94–6.95 trickle charging, 6.94–6.95 Chart(s): control, 3.145–3.147 application of, 3.146 example of, 3.146, 3.147 key points of, 3.146 flow, 3.144–3.145 flow process, 3.95–3.98 multiple-activity process, 3.99–3.102 for work simplification, 3.95–3.102 Check valves, 9.68 air-compressor, 5.201–5.202 ball, 5.201–5.202 bronze, 5.201–5.203 iron, 5.204 nonmetallic-disk lift-, 5.201 regrinding lift-, 5.201 Renewo lift-, 5.201 swing-, 5.201 Check welding procedure, 10.48–10.49 Checking (coating failure), 9.47 Chemical cleaning, 9.17–9.33 abrasion method, 9.30 cascade method, 9.23–9.24 and circulation, 9.23 and copper complexers, 9.21–9.22 with crawlers, 9.26–9.30 and degradation, 9.18–9.19 environmental concerns with, 9.32–9.33 fill and soak method, 9.24 foam cleaning, 9.24–9.25 gel cleaning, 9.25 high-pressure water jetting, 9.25, 9.26 hydrodrilling, 9.26 and mechanical cleaning, 9.25–9.30 abrasion method, 9.30 with crawlers, 9.26–9.30 high-pressure water jetting, 9.25, 9.26 hydrodrilling, 9.26 with pigs, 9.26–9.30 with plugs, 9.26–9.30 Chemical cleaning (Cont.) onstream cleaning, 9.24–9.25 foam cleaning, 9.24–9.25 gel cleaning, 9.25 passivating, 9.25 pickling, 9.25 steam vapor phase cleaning, 9.24 organic solvents, 9.21–9.23 copper complexers, 9.21–9.22 oxidizing agents, 9.22 and oxidizing agents, 9.22 passivating, 9.25 pickling, 9.25 with pigs, 9.26–9.30 with plugs, 9.26–9.30 for preoperational deposits, 9.19 process selection for, 9.31–9.33 solvents for, 9.19–9.23 alkaline cleaners, 9.20 copper complexers, 9.21–9.22 inorganic acids, 9.20–9.21 organic acids, 9.20 organic solvents, 9.21–9.23 oxidizing agents, 9.22 steam vapor phase cleaning, 9.24 Chipping (flaking), 9.47 Chloride ion concentration, 8.31 Choice, theory of, 3.3 Chopped display, 7.67 Chopping transient blanking, 7.67 Circuit breakers, 6.57 defined, 7.115 distribution panels, 7.111 and infrared technology, 7.111, 7.112 Circuit interrupters, 6.56 Circuit protectors, 7.115 Circuits, 7.115 Circulation, 9.23 Clamp-on instruments, 7.51–7.52 ammeter, 7.51–7.52 power-factor meter, 7.52 wattmeter, 7.52 Clamp-on wattmeters, 7.52 Cleaning: abrasion method, 9.30 after plant growth, 4.39 of air compressors, 5.193 of air washers, 4.66 of air-cooled condensers, 4.69 brick masonry structures, 4.31–4.40 failures of, 4.31–4.32 procedures for, 4.32–4.36 stains in, 4.36–4.40 bronze stains, 4.38 of brown (manganese) stain, 4.36–4.37 cascade method for, 9.23–9.24 chemical, 9.17–9.33 cascade method for, 9.23–9.24 and circulation, 9.23 and degradation, 9.18–9.19 environmental concerns with, 9.32–9.33 fill and soak method for, 9.24 and mechanical cleaning, 9.25–9.30 onstream cleaning, 9.24–9.25 organic solvents, 9.21–9.23 for preoperational deposits, 9.19 process selection for, 9.31–9.33 solvents for, 9.19–9.23 coils, 4.69 Cleaning (Cont.) concrete floor surfaces, 4.24–4.25 control components, 6.42 cooling towers, 4.72 copper stains, 4.38 for corrosion control, 9.12 dehumidifiers, 4.80 dirt stains, 4.38 of efflorescence, 4.36 egg splatter, 4.39 environmental concerns with, 9.32–9.33 of evaporative condensers, 4.70 fans, 4.75 fill and soak method for, 9.24 filters, 4.77 foam cleaning, 9.24–9.25 gel cleaning, 9.25 of green stain (vanadium salts), 4.36 hand washing, 4.35 high-pressure cold water, 4.33 high-pressure steam, 4.33 high-pressure water jetting, 9.25, 9.26 of historic structures, 4.40 humidifiers, 4.80 hydrodrilling, 9.26 iron stains, 4.37–4.38 ivy stains, 4.39 of low-sloped roofs, 4.14–4.15 mechanical cleaning, 9.25–9.30 nickel-iron batteries, 6.101–6.102 oil stains, 4.38 onstream cleaning, 9.24–9.25 paint stains, 4.37 paper stains, 4.39 passivating, 9.25 pickling, 9.25 for piping, 9.86, 9.87 plain bearings, 5.3–5.4 of poultice, 4.37 for preoperational deposits, 9.19 procedures for, 4.32–4.36 hand washing, 4.35 high-pressure cold water, 4.33 high-pressure steam, 4.33 sandblasting, 4.33, 4.35 reasons for, 4.40 rooftop air-conditioning units, 4.82 sandblasting, 4.33, 4.35 smoke stains, 4.38 of stains, 4.36–4.40 from bronze, 4.38 from copper, 4.38 from dirt, 4.38 from egg splatter, 4.39 from iron, 4.37–4.38 from ivy, 4.39 from oil, 4.38 from paint, 4.37 from paper, 4.39 from plant growth, 4.39 from poultice, 4.37 from smoke, 4.38 from straw, 4.39 from tar, 4.38 of unknown origin, 4.39–4.40 from welding splatter, 4.38 from white scum, 4.39 steam vapor phase cleaning, 9.24 straw stains, 4.39 I.6 INDEXCleaning (Cont.) tar stains, 4.38 water-cooled condensers, 4.70–4.71 welding splatter, 4.38 white scum, 4.39 Closed circuits, 7.115 Closed tanks, 7.10–7.11 Cloud points, 8.31 CMMS (see Computer-based maintenance management system) Coal-tar epoxy coatings, 9.44 Coated smooth-surfaced roofs, 4.11 Coatings, 9.42–9.44 alkyd, 9.43 application of, 9.46 ASTM standards for, 9.51–9.54 coal-tar epoxy, 9.44 conversion, 9.12–9.13 corrosion control with, 9.12–9.13 discoloration of, 9.47 epoxy, 9.43–9.44 epoxy mastics, 9.44 inorganic zinc, 9.43 inspections of, 9.46–9.49 lead-based, 9.39–9.40 liquid-resin type epoxy, 9.44 organic, 9.13 and personnel, 9.49–9.50 removal of, 9.39–9.40 safety considerations with, 9.49–9.50 silicones, 9.43 surface preparation for, 9.44–9.46 surface-tolerant, 9.41–9.42 urethanes, 9.44 waterborne, 9.42 zinc, 9.43 zinc silicate, 9.43 Coiled bulbs, 7.23 Coils, 4.68–4.69 cleaning, 4.69 defined, 7.115 freeze protection for, 4.68–4.69 freezing of, 4.68–4.69, 4.84 heating, 4.79 maintenance of, 4.68–4.69 preheating, 4.84 tightness of, 4.68 water, 4.84 Cold mounting, 5.33 Collaboration, 2.112 Color test, 8.31 Comb histograms, 3.149 Common-mode rejection, 7.49 Common-mode signals, 7.67 Communications: for control, 1.50–1.51 KPIs for, 3.124 operating policies for, 1.50–1.51 Comparative job standards, 3.111, 3.114 Comparative time estimating, 3.130–3.131 Compensation program, 3.65–3.66 Compound-wound motors, 6.9 Compressed-air lines, 4.84 Compressors: air, 5.185–5.196 and aftercoolers, 5.193 and air filters, 5.186, 5.187 and air receivers, 5.187 bearings in, 5.192–5.193 Compressors: air (Cont.) capacity of, 5.187 cleaning, 5.193 foundation of, 5.185–5.186 and intercoolers, 5.193 location of, 5.185, 5.187 lubrication of, 5.188–5.189 nonlubricated cylinders in, 5.189 packing, 5.193–5.196 piston rings in, 5.191–5.192 starting new, 5.188 and suction lines, 5.186, 5.187 unloading, 5.193 valves of, 5.189–5.191 centrifugal, 4.67–4.68 bearings of, 4.68 leak testing for, 4.68 lubrication of, 4.67–4.68 maintenance of, 4.67–4.68 oil heater of, 4.68 purge unit, 4.68 and refrigerant, 4.68 safeties of, 4.68 shutdown of, 4.68 vibration of, 7.91–7.92 Computer-based maintenance management system (CMMS), 2.91–2.113 for accounting function, 2.106–2.107 for automatic costs allocation, 2.106–2.107 and behavioral expectations, 2.111 and collaboration, 2.112 communications affecting, 2.112 and confrontation, 2.112 and consultants, 2.112 cost accounting data, 2.96–2.97 for cost history evaluation, 2.107 craft/skill data, 2.97 for data management, 2.107 and deliverables, 2.111 downtime scheduling, 2.103–2.104 effort affecting, 2.111 for engineering function, 2.102–2.103 equipment/asset bills of material, 2.94 equipment/asset hierarchies, 2.92–2.94 equipment/asset identification and specifications, 2.92 equipment/asset repair history, 2.104 and expectations, 2.111 and expertise, 2.112 failure of, 2.109–2.113 and behavioral expectations, 2.111 and collaboration, 2.112 communications affecting, 2.112 and confrontation, 2.112 and consultants, 2.112 and deliverables, 2.111 effort affecting, 2.111 and expectations, 2.111 and expertise, 2.112 from lack of resources, 2.110–2.111 from partial implementation, 2.110 from staffing issues, 2.111 and work culture, 2.113 for files, 2.92–2.99 cost accounting data, 2.96–2.97 craft/skill data, 2.97 equipment/asset bills of material, 2.94 equipment/asset hierarchies, 2.92–2.94 Computer-based maintenance management system (CMMS), for files (Cont.) equipment/asset identification and specifications, 2.92 preventative maintenance plans, 2.96 purchase orders, 2.98–2.99 purchase requisitions, 2.98 repetitive maintenance plans, 2.96 spare parts, 2.94–2.95 stores inventory, 2.94–2.95 work order history, 2.97 work orders, 2.95–2.96 for finance function, 2.106–2.107 functionality of, 2.91 functions of, 2.107–2.109 for inventory function, 2.104–2.105 for direct-buy items, 2.105 material safety data sheets (MSDS), 2.105 parts requirements for planned work, 2.105 parts to equipment/asset, 2.104–2.105 parts usage history, 2.104 purchase orders, 2.105 reorder/stocking requirements, 2.105 repositioning parts, 2.105 work orders, 2.105 for inventory replenishment program, 2.108 for inventory to equipment/asset where-used, 2.94–2.95 for job scheduling, 2.108 for maintenance function, 2.99–2.102 budget preparation and tracking, 2.102 craft utilization, 2.102 equipment/asset repair history, 2.101–2.102 preventative maintenance planning, 2.100–2.101 requisition of parts and services, 2.101 resource scheduling, 2.101 work order initiation, 2.99–2.100 work order planning, 2.100 work order scheduling, 2.101 and maintenance managers, 2.108 for management function, 2.107 modification of, 2.112–2.113 and planners, 2.108–2.109 preventative maintenance plans, 2.96 for preventative maintenance programs, 2.107–2.108 and product quality, 2.109 for production function, 2.103–2.104 downtime scheduling, 2.103–2.104 equipment/asset repair history, 2.104 repair request backlog, 2.104 purchase orders, 2.98–2.99 purchase requisitions, 2.98 for purchasing function, 2.105–2.106 and reliability, 2.109 repair request backlog, 2.104 repetitive maintenance plans, 2.96 and resources, 2.110–2.111 spare parts, 2.94–2.95 staffing issues with, 2.111 stores inventory, 2.94–2.95 usage for, 2.99–2.107 and work assignments, 2.109 and work culture, 2.113 work order history, 2.97 work orders, 2.95–2.96 INDEX I.7Computerized systems, 2.79–2.90 for analysis, 2.88–2.90 of equipment, 2.90 of parts inventory, 2.89 of work controls, 2.89 of work orders, 2.88 for equipment, 2.90 implementation of, 2.81–2.82 for on-line inquiries, 2.82–2.83 operating characteristics of, 2.82–2.84 on-line inquiries, 2.82–2.83 performance reports, 2.84 report generation, 2.83–2.84 work orders, 2.82–2.83 organizing for, 2.81 for parts inventory, 2.89 for performance reports, 2.84 and planning, 2.86–2.87 priority system, 2.85 purpose for, 2.80–2.81 for report generation, 2.83–2.84 for reports, 2.88–2.90 and scheduling, 2.87 for work controls, 2.89 work order system, 2.84–2.85 for work orders, 2.82–2.83, 2.88 Concrete floor surfaces, 4.17–4.26 abrasion resistance, 4.21 cleaning, 4.24–4.25 corrosion-resistant, 4.26 cost of, 4.18 creak control for, 4.20 design for, 4.19 dusting floors, 4.25 finishes for, 4.25–4.26 joints of, 4.19–4.20 maintenance of, 4.24–4.25 monolithically finished, 4.21 new, 4.18–4.23 reinforcement of, 4.20 repair of, 4.25 resurfacing, 4.24 sealers for, 4.25–4.26 separate, 4.21–4.23 shrinkage of, 4.19–4.20 slab design for, 4.19 subgrade for, 4.19 superflat floors, 4.23 toppings for, 4.21–4.23, 4.26 corrosion-resistant, 4.26 separate, 4.21–4.23 water-cement ratio of, 4.18–4.19 Condensers: air-cooled, 4.69 evaporative, 4.69–4.70 cleaning of, 4.70 fan section of, 4.70 and freezing, 4.70 freezing of, 4.70, 4.84 lubrication of, 4.70 refrigerant joints, 4.70 freezing of, 4.70, 4.84 water-cooled, 4.70–4.71 cleaning, 4.70–4.71 freeze protection for, 4.71 freezing of, 4.71 maintenance of, 4.70–4.71 and refrigerated joints, 4.71 and water treatment, 4.71 Conduction, 7.109 defined, 7.113 and infrared technology, 7.109 Conductivity, thermal, 5.4 Conductors: ground, 7.113 and infrared technology, 7.112, 7.113 Configuration management, 1.18–1.19 Confrontation, 2.112 Connecting rods, 5.17 Constant current, 6.94 Constant voltage, 6.93–6.94 Constant-current method, 6.84 Consultants, 2.112 Consumer Product Safety Commission, 9.94 Contact(s), 6.47–6.51 bounce, 6.47 dressing for, 6.49–6.51 and motor controllers, 6.47–6.51 overtravel measurement, 6.49 pressure of, 6.48–6.49 vacuum contactors, 6.51 wear of, 6.49 Contactors, 6.51–6.56 inspection of, 6.51–6.55 troubleshooting, 6.52–6.55 vacuum, 6.51 Contactor-type control relays, 6.65 Contamination: and chains, 5.79 of fuel, 8.31 lubricating oil analysis for, 7.128 of lubricating oils, 2.25 and painting, 9.39 in power transmissions, 5.79 and precision chain drives, 5.79 product, 9.39 of solids, 8.32 Continuous improvement: reliability for, 1.7 and self-directed work teams, 1.35 Six Sigma for, 1.58 Six Sigma safety for, 1.58 Continuously wound rheostats, 6.60–6.61 Continuous-process systems, 7.79, 7.93 Contract maintenance, 4.49 Contractors, outside, 1.43–1.44 Control(s): communications for, 1.50–1.51 of coolers, 4.71 KPIs for, 3.124 and operating policies, 1.50–1.51 (See also related topics, e.g.: Cost control) Control charts, 3.145–3.147 application of, 3.146 example of, 3.146, 3.147 key points of, 3.146 Control components, 6.39–6.77 adjustable-type relays, 6.68 cleaning, 6.42 contactors, 6.51–6.55 contactor-type control relays, 6.65 and contacts, 6.47–6.51 control circuit components, 6.64–6.72 dashpots, 6.66 DC relay maintenance, 6.71 disconnect devices, 6.56–6.57 drum controllers, 6.62–6.63 enclosures for, 6.40–6.41 Control components (Cont.) equipment grounding, 6.63–6.64 lubrication for, 6.42 magnetic circuit modification, 6.70–6.71 and magnetic hysteresis, 6.70 magnetic overload relays, 6.66 maintenance of, 6.72–6.73 manual/machine-operated, 6.64 mechanical checks, 6.42 motor controllers, 6.43–6.51 and personnel, 6.39–6.40 power circuit components, 6.43 preventative maintenance for, 6.41–6.42 rheostats, 6.57–6.61 solid-state overload relays, 6.66–6.68 thermal overload relays, 6.65–6.66 time-tactors, 6.68–6.70 Control reports, 2.79 Controllers, motor, 6.43–6.51 Convection, 7.109 defined, 7.113 and infrared technology, 7.109 Conventional built-up roofing membranes, 4.4 Conventional modes, 7.67 Conventional mount, 5.110 Conventional mount synchronous sprockets, 5.130 Conversion coatings, 9.12–9.13 Coolers, 4.71 Cooling, for motors, 6.3–6.4 Cooling loads, 4.53–4.55 and air-conditioning equipment, 4.53–4.55 from lights, 4.54 occupancy loads, 4.54 outside-air loads, 4.54 removal of, 4.54 size of, 4.54–4.55 sun loads, 4.53 transmission loads, 4.53–4.54 Cooling towers, 4.71–4.73 algae in, 4.72 alignment of, 4.72 cleaning, 4.72 eliminators, 4.72 exposure of, 4.72 fans, 4.72 lubrication of, 4.72 maintenance of, 4.71–4.73 water distribution in, 4.72 water level of, 4.72 winter protection for, 4.73 Cooperative partnerships, 1.23–1.30 with engineering function, 1.29 interdependency, 1.26–1.27 with maintenance function, 1.24–1.25, 1.28 with management function, 1.25 with operations, 1.27–1.28 with plant engineering, 1.25 with procurement function, 1.25, 1.29–1.30 with production function, 1.24 and responsibilities, 1.23–1.25, 1.27–1.30 with sales function, 1.23–1.24 Copper, 10.39 Copper alloys, 10.39 Copper complexers, 9.21–9.22 Copper corrosion, 8.31 Copper stains, 4.38 Corona, 7.113 I.8 INDEXCorrective maintenance, 2.3–2.6 maintenance history database for, 2.5 planning for, 2.4–2.5 prerequisites of, 2.4 role of, 2.6 trained maintenance planners for, 2.5 Corrosion, 9.3–9.8 cavitation corrosion, 9.6 copper, 8.31 crevice corrosion, 9.7 and defects, 9.6–9.8 defined, 9.3 dezincification, 9.7–9.8 dissolution, 9.7–9.8 erosion corrosion, 9.6 forms of, 9.6–9.8 galvanic corrosion, 9.6 interfilm corrosion, 9.8 intergranular corrosion, 9.7 localized, 9.5–9.6 in low-sloped roofs, 4.15 mechanisms of, 9.4–9.6 of metals, 4.15 microbiological corrosion, 9.7 of piping, 9.55–9.56 pitting corrosion, 9.6–9.7 of polymeric materials, 9.8 selective leaching, 9.7 stress-cracking corrosion, 9.7 types of, 9.4–9.6 uniform, 9.5, 9.6 and ventilating fans, 4.99 Corrosion control, 9.3–9.4, 9.8–9.15 and ABS, 9.10 and acetal homopolymers, 9.10 and aluminum, 9.9 in aqueous solutions, 9.14–9.15 cathodic protection, 9.13 and ceramics, 9.9 cleaning practices for, 9.12 with conversion coatings, 9.12–9.13 defined, 9.3–9.4 design for, 9.11–9.12 and galvanized steel, 9.9 and graphite, 9.9 and inhibitors, 9.13–9.15 material selection for, 9.8–9.11 ABS, 9.10 acetal homopolymers, 9.10 aluminum, 9.9 ceramics, 9.9 galvanized steel, 9.9 graphite, 9.9 polyethersulfone, 9.10 polyethylene (PE), 9.10 polymers, 9.9–9.10 polystyrene, 9.10 polyurethane, 9.9–9.10 polyvinylchloride (PVC), 9.9 rubber elastomers, 9.10 stainless steel, 9.9 steel, 9.9 synthetic elastomers, 9.10 zinc, 9.9 for new surfaces, 9.12–9.13 with organic coatings, 9.13 painting for, 9.38–9.39 of plain bearings, 5.4 with plating, 9.12 Corrosion control (Cont.) and polyethersulfone, 9.10 and polyethylene (PE), 9.10 and polymers, 9.9–9.10 and polystyrene, 9.10 and polyurethane, 9.9–9.10 and polyvinylchloride (PVC), 9.9 and rubber elastomers, 9.10 with rust-preventive oils, 9.14 and stainless steel, 9.9 and steel, 9.9 and synthetic elastomers, 9.10 and zinc, 9.9 Corrosion-resistant floors, 4.26 Corrosion-resistant piping, 9.83 Corrosive wear, 5.182 Cost(s): capital, 7.134 of concrete floor surfaces, 4.18 for elevators, 4.51 of maintenance, 2.57 for predictive maintenance, 2.31 production unit costs, 1.5 and reliability, 1.5 for repair, 3.107 of tribology, 7.134 Cost accounting, for reliability, 3.16–3.17 Cost accounting data, 2.96–2.97 Cost control: indexes for, 1.52–1.53 standard-practice sheets for, 1.52–1.53 systems for, 1.53 Cost estimate model, 3.15 Cost estimates, 3.107–3.110 for emergency services, 3.108 from engineers, 3.109–3.110 from foreman, 3.109 and job classifications, 3.107–3.108 labor, 3.110–3.117 and deferring maintenance, 3.116 with factor development, 3.115 judgment for, 3.110–3.111 PERT approach to, 3.116 quickread factors for, 3.115–3.116 with rule of seven, 3.115 and slotting, 3.111, 3.115 standards per unit, 3.111, 3.114–3.116 technique selection for, 3.116–3.117 for materials, 3.117–3.118 for overhead, 3.118–3.119 for planned maintenance, 3.108 from planners, 3.110 preparation of, 3.109–3.110 prerequisites for, 3.107 from rate setters, 3.110 for repetitive maintenance, 3.108 usage of, 3.108–3.109 Cost estimation methods, 3.14–3.16 Cost history evaluation, 2.107 Cost-benefit analysis, 7.135 Cost-effectiveness analysis, 3.14 Counterflashings, 4.13 Counters, 7.63–7.65 Counter-timers, 7.64 Coupler scaffolds, 9.105 Coupling(s): in belt drives, 4.74 chain, 5.45–5.46 diaphragm, 5.51, 5.52 Coupling(s) (Cont.) in direct-connected drives, 4.74 elastomeric, 5.52–5.53 flexible (see Flexible couplings) floating-shaft gear, 5.46 gear, 5.46 laminated disk-ring, 5.50–5.51 metallic-grid, 5.48–5.49 Oldham (block-and-jaw), 5.49–5.50 for power transmissions (see Flexible couplings) spindle, 5.46, 5.48 and ventilating fans, 4.107–4.108 Coupling guards, 4.106 Coverage, for work force, 1.44–1.45 Cracked walls, 4.31 Cracks, grinding, 5.182, 5.183 Craft personnel: formal instruction for, 1.15 informal instruction for, 1.15 on-the-job training for, 1.15 selection of, 1.14–1.15 training of, 1.15 utilization of, 2.102 Craft/skill data, 2.97 Cranes, 5.83–5.89 governmental regulations for, 5.89 inspection of, 5.85 installation of, 5.83–5.85 maintenance of, 5.85–5.89 Crankcase: distortion of, 5.14 reconditioning, 5.17–5.18 Crankshaft distortion, 5.14 Crawlers, cleaning with, 9.26–9.30 Crazing, 9.47 Creak control, 4.20 Crevice corrosion, 9.7 Critical speeds, 7.84–7.85 Criticality ranking, 2.11 Cross-craft supervision, 1.14 Cross-training, 1.35 Crush, 5.14 Cryogenic-liquid-level measurement, 7.12–7.13 Culture: and CMMS failure, 2.113 for Six Sigma, 1.55–1.56 Current transformers, 7.57 Currents: AC volts, 7.53–7.55 alternating current (ac), 7.115 alternating current-instruments, 7.56 and amperage, 7.53 constant, 6.94 DC volts, 7.53 defined, 7.115 direct current (dc), 7.115 direct current-instruments, 7.53, 7.54 and single-function instruments, 7.53–7.56 and wattage, 7.53 Curvilinear belts, 5.124 Cutting: oxyacetylene, 10.27 and oxyacetylene appliances, 10.72 oxygen, 10.78–10.82 oxygen cutting, 10.78–10.82 plasma arc cutting, 10.30–10.31 Cutting wear, 2.27, 7.131, 7.132 Cycled batteries, 6.100 INDEX I.9Cycling nickel-iron batteries, 6.100, 6.102 Cylinders, nonlubricated, 5.189 Dampers, 4.73 automatic, 4.73 in fans, 4.76 fire, 4.73 hand, 4.73 maintenance of, 4.73 outlet, 4.102 relief, 4.73 splitter, 4.73 and ventilating fans, 4.106 vortex, 4.76 Dashpots, 6.66 Data: analogue, 7.113 broadband, 7.104 cost accounting data, 2.96–2.97 craft/skill data, 2.97 elemental basic data, 3.114 methods-time measurement (MTM) data, 3.41–3.52 nameplate data, 3.170 narrowband data, 7.104 for piping, 9.57, 9.58 Data management, 2.107 Data-acquisition frequency, 7.93–7.94 Databases: for predictive maintenance program, 7.93–7.95, 7.101–7.102 for vibration, 7.93–7.95 DC (direct current), 7.115 DC motors, 6.3–6.6, 6.9–6.11 AC motors vs., 6.3–6.6 application data for, 6.9–6.11 design of, 6.9 insulation for, 6.9–6.11 theory for, 6.9 troubleshooting, 6.26–6.36 types of, 6.9 DC relay maintenance, 6.71 DC volts, 7.53 Decentralization, 1.45–1.46 Decision logic tree analysis (see Logic tree analysis) Decision-making, 3.105 Default logic, 2.14–2.17 Deflection blanking, 7.67 Deflection factors, 7.67 Degradation, 9.18–9.19 Dehumidifiers, 4.80 Delay pickoff, 7.67 Delayed sweep, 7.67 Delays, signal, 7.68 Deliverables, 2.111 Deliveries: late, 1.25 and procurement function, 1.25 and sales function, 1.24 unrealistic, 1.24 Delta temperature (∆T), 7.113 Density, of supervisory personnel, 1.14 Design: of AC induction motors, 6.7 of Bellows-actuated flowmeters, 7.5–7.6 of chain hoists, 5.98 of concrete floor surfaces, 4.19 for corrosion control, 9.11–9.12 Design (Cont.) of DC motors, 6.9 for lubrication, 5.8–5.9 of machines, 7.71 of motors, 6.7, 6.9 of plain bearings, 5.6–5.9 plant engineering, 1.25 for rolling-element bearings, 5.20 slab, 4.19 thermal-system bulb designs, 7.22–7.23 and vibration, 7.71 Desire, in law of intelligent action, 3.90–3.91 Dew-point measurement, 7.25 Dezincification, 9.7–9.8 Diagrams, flow, 3.98 Diaphragm couplings, 5.51, 5.52 Diaphragm-actuated flowmeter transmitters, 7.26 Digital infrared equipment, 7.110 Digital instruments: long-term stability of, 7.49 resolution of, 7.49 response time of, 7.49 temperature coefficient of, 7.50 Digital multimeters, 7.48–7.50 Digits, number of, 7.49 Diodes, 7.115 Direct current (dc), 7.115 Direct current-instruments, 7.53, 7.54 Direct reading ferrography, 8.31 Direct-buy items, 2.105 Direct-connected drives, 4.74 Dirt: on brick masonry structures, 4.38 and plain bearings, 5.9–5.10 Discharge-piping configuration, 5.221–5.222 Discoloration, of coatings, 9.47 Disconnect devices, 6.56–6.57 circuit breakers, 6.57 circuit interrupters, 6.56 disconnect switches, 6.56 motor circuit protectors, 6.57 Disconnect switches, 4.106, 6.56 Dismounting, of rolling-element bearings, 5.33, 5.38–5.40 Dispatching, 1.41 Dispension, of lubricants, 8.33 Displacement, of vibration, 7.75, 7.77 Displacement (eddy-current) probes, 7.96–7.97 Displays, alternate, 7.66 Disposal: of lubricants, 8.6 as maintenance, 1.11 of waste, 1.11 Dissolution, 9.7–9.8 Distillation, 8.31 Distortion: harmonic, 7.116 and welding, 10.39–10.40 Distribution, 7.115 Documentation, 1.25 Do-it-yourself maintenance, 4.49 Double-wedge rising-stem gate valve, 5.204 Downtime scheduling, 2.103–2.104 Drainage, 9.56 Drivers, 4.110 Drives: basic gear, 5.164 belt, 4.73–4.74 adjustable pulleys in, 4.74 Drives: belt (Cont.) alignment of, 4.74 and conventional mount synchronous sprockets, 5.130 couplings in, 4.74 curvilinear belts, 5.124 direct-connected drives, 4.74 maintenance of, 4.73–4.74 modified curvilinear belts, 5.124 replacement of, 4.74 and reverse mount synchronous sprockets, 5.130 service life of, 4.73, 4.74 synchronous belts, 5.123–5.127 synchronous sprockets, 5.127–5.129 and tensioning, 4.74 timing belts, 5.124 troubleshooting, 5.117–5.123, 5.136–5.142 V-belt drives, 5.99–5.143 and V-belt sheaves, 5.102–5.103 couplings in, 4.74 direct-connected, 4.74 epicyclic gear, 5.164, 5.165, 5.167 flat-belt, 5.160 friction-disk-type, 5.156–5.157 gear, 5.161 basic, 5.164 epicyclic, 5.164, 5.165, 5.167 gear-tooth wear and failure, 5.177–5.184 installation of, 5.169, 5.172 lubrication of, 5.174–5.177 maintenance of, 5.177 selection of, 5.167–5.169 shutdown of, 5.177 geared differential, 5.157–5.159 mechanical variable-speed, 5.145–5.160 friction drives, 5.145–5.160 friction-type belts, 5.145–5.147 packaged belt, 5.155–5.156 selection of, 5.167–5.169 shutdown of, 5.177 start-up, 5.174 troubleshooting, 5.177 types of, 5.161–5.164 start-up, 5.174 static-adjustment type, 5.151–5.153 traction-type, 5.157 Drum controllers, 6.62–6.63 Dry centrifugal air-cleaning equipment (see Inertial air-cleaning equipment) Dry dynamic air-cleaning equipment, 4.112, 4.119 Dry type transformers, 7.112 Dry-bulb thermometers, 7.24, 7.25 Dry-water column procedure, 7.33–7.35 Dual beams, 7.67 Dual traces, 7.67 Ducts: busy, 7.111 exhaust, 4.122, 4.123 and infrared technology, 7.111 Duoline systems, 8.20, 8.21 Dust control equipment (see Air-cleaning equipment) Dusting floors, 4.25 Economizers, 4.74–4.75 Eddy-current (displacement) probes, 7.96–7.97 Edge-peaked histograms, 3.150 I.10 INDEXEfficiency: with centralized automatic lubrication system
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