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| موضوع: كتاب CNC Robotics - Build Your Own Workshop Bot السبت 13 مايو 2023, 2:33 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب CNC Robotics - Build Your Own Workshop Bot Geoff Williams
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents 1 Design 1 Why Build My Own I Gantry Style 2 Motors 2 Lineal Motion 4 Motor Drivers 9 Acme Screw 9 Deciding on the Dimensions of the Machine 9 Software 10 2 Electronics 13 Stepper Motor Driver and Computer Interface Boards 13 Stepper Motor Driver Circuit 15 The Interface Board 19 3 Making the Printed Circuit Board 77 Tools and Material 77 Artwork 78 Board Cutting and Cleaning 82 Toner Transfer 85 Etching 93 4 Driver Assembly 99 The Interface Board III vGNG Robotics 5 Softwa re Setup and Driver Testing 113 Material Needed 113 Creat ing Test Files 121 Triangle Test 122 Circle Test 123 Putting the Elect ronics in a Case 124 6 The Frame 133 Tools and Ma terial 133 Bolting 138 Assemb ly 141 Bearing Ra il Support Bolt Holes 144 Paint the Frame 151 7 The Gantry and X-axis 1 53 The Gantry 153 The X-axis: Installing the Gantry Bearing Guide Rail 160 Beari ng Holder 164 8 The Z and Y Axes 175 The Z-Axis 175 The Y-Axls 184 9 Motor and Lead Screw Insta llat ion 189 Tools and Ma teria l 189 X-axis 190 Y-axls 199 Z-axis 203 Limit Switc h Install ation 206 X -axis Limi ts 208 Y-axis Limi ts 209 Z-axis Limits 211 10 File Creation and KCam 215 KCam CNC Control ler Software 215 KCam File Requirements 219 How to Create a File to Import 222 CorelDraw 223 ACME Profile r 239 viContents 11 Tool Holders and Testing 245 Tool Holders 245 Penholder Tool 246 Router/Dremel Holder 252 Testing the CNC Machine 257 12 Examples 263 Plotter 263 Mechanical Engraving Tool 268 Dremel Tool 271 Ma ster Craft Rotar y Tool 274 Router 278 Sources of Material 293 Electronic Components 293 L297 /L298 Integrated Circuits 293 CANADA 293 United States, California 294 Lineal Motion 296 Distributor 296 Manufacturers 29 7 Stepper Motors 300 Metal 301 Index 303 x Note: Boldface numbers indicate illustrations. ACME Profiler, 239 -243 , 240-242 acme screw, 9 Arrow Corporation, 292, 293 AutoCad, 12 AVNET Corpo ration, 293, 294 back EMF, in motors, 73-74 bearing guide rails bearing holder in, 164- 173, 165-17 3 boll ho les in, 144- 150, 144- 150 X axis, 160- 164, 161- 164 Z axi s fit and, 182, 182 beari ngs. lineal motion. 8 bipo iar motors, 48, 59, 64 Bishop- W isecarver Corporation. 296 bo lti ng the fra me together, 138- 140, 138 - 141 cabinetry, 281 -292 Canad ian Beari ngs Ltd" 295 capacitor installation in driver, 109-110, 110 case enclosure for electronics. 124-1 32, 125. 132 changing bi t size, 236, 237 chopper co ntro l and ci rcuit, 54- 5 7, 54 , 55, 56, 65, 66-67, 67 ci rcl e test fil e, 123- 124, 124 cleaning steel, 137, 137 , 138 cl eaning the pr inted circuit board , 82-84 , 83, 84 cl ock pulse do ub ler, L297, 59 303304 CNC Robotics CNC controls setting, 11 7, 11 7, 120, 120 ,218-219, 218, 219 computer connection driver and interface board, 118-120, 118, 119 interface board between motors and. 13-15 . 13 interface board to limit switches. 19- 21. 20 continuity checking . 107 contro ller software, Ke arn, 215-2 19 controllers. motor, ST M icroelectronics manual on (Seealso L297; L298). 22-75 CorelD raw, I I, 12, 223 -239 , 223 exporting fil es to KCam fro m, 226, 22 6, 227, 22 8 KCam use of, 224, 225, 226 layout options for, page size, shape . etc., 224, 225 offsetting G code to center the project, 238, 238, 239 texttes t.plt file in, 233, 234 , 234 vector grap hics V5. raster graphics in, 238-239 cost of CNC machines. 1- 2 cutting depth settings, 258 cutting steel , t 36, 136 cutting the printed circuit board. 82-84. 83 . 84 Data Exchange File ISee also DXF files) , 223 design, 1- 12 acme screw in. 9 dimensions in. 9- 10 front view, JJ ganl ry sty le in, 2 lineal motion in, 4-8 motor drivers, 9 motors for. 2-4 , 3 side view, 10 software selection. 10-1 2 dimensions of machine, 9- 10 doo rs, 281- 282, 281, 28 2 dovetail jo ints, 283-286, 283, 284, 28 5, 286 Oremel tool engraving with, 271- 274, 271-2 73 holder for, 252- 257 , 252-2 5 7 dr illing holes in PCB, 100-101 , 100, 101, 10 2 drills, 100, 100 driver, motor, 9. 15- 19. 17. 99- 112 bottom ar tw or k for, 79-80, 79 cables for, 128, 129 capacitor installation in. 109-110, 110 component placement and installation in. 104-108 , 105, 106 continuity checking in. 107 dr illing holes in , 100-1 01, 100, 101 , 102 finished product, 112 headers for, 108- J09, 109 heat sink for, III, IIIIndex driver, motor (continued) interface board connection to. 11 8- 120, 118, 119 interfa ce board for, 111 - 112, 112 L298 ins talla tion in, 109, 109 leads in, 108 materials and tools for, 99 . 100 mo therboa rd mounting of, 126, 126 power supply for, 11 8 soldering in, 101, 103, 103 static electricity protection in, 104, 104 testing, 113- 132 top of driver boa rd, 80, 80 w iri ng , 110- 111, III DXF file s, 12, 219, 22 2-22 3 electronics, 13-75 case enclosure for, 124- 132, 125, 13 2 interface bo ard, 19- 21 , 20 interface boards, stepper motor driver and computer. 13- 15, 13 source s, 29 3-296 stepper motor driver circuit. 15-19 . 17 engravlng Drcmel tool for, 271 -2 74, 271-2 73 engra ving tool fo r, 268- 271, 268 - 27 1 Mas ter Craf t rotary tool for, 274-277, 274-277 etch ing process in PCB, 93-97, 93, 95, 96 Exellon fil es, 219 fan, 125, 128- 129 file format s, in programming, 12 frame, 133- 151 assembly of, 141 -144, 141, 142, 143 bearing rail support bolt ho les in , 144-150, t 44-1 50 bolting together, 138- 140, 138- 14 1 clean ing, 137, 137, 138 cutt ing steel for, 136, 136 dimensions of. 133- 134, 134 pa in tin g, 151 squa rin g and levelin g of, 141 -i 44, 141 tools and materia ls for, 122- 125 we ldi ng together, 143- 144, 143 front view of CNC machine, II Future Electronics. 293, 294 G code , i i, 219 ga nt ry, 2, 153-160, 154 bear ing ho lde r in , 164- 173, t 65 -1 73 bol t ho le locations in, 157 - 158, 158, 159 mounting and access hol es on uprigh ts, 156, 156, 157 305306 CNC Rob otic s gant ry (continued) spanning beams for. 155-1 56. 155. 156 tools and materials for, 153 upr ights and feet for. 155. 155. 159-1 60. 159 . 160 X ax is in . 160- 164. 161-164 Gerber fil es. 219 glass etching. 266- 26 7. 266. 267 guide rail s. 7. 7. 8 half- step sequence, in motor, 52, 52 heat sink for driver. 111, III Hew lett Packard Graphics Language (Sec also HPGL files) . 222 HPGL files. 12. 21 9. 222- 223 import file creation for Ke arn, 222-223 INA Inc.• 296 in terface board. 19- 21 . 20 artwork for, 80, 8 1 cables for. 128. 129 driver board connection to. 118-120, 11 8, 11 9 motherboard mounting of. 127. 127 stepper motor driver and computer. 13- 15. 13 joints. cabinetry. 283-286. 283. 284. 285 . 286 KCam and programm ing . 11- 12. 12. 13 ACME Profil er and . 239-243. 240-242 AutoCad in, 12 changing bit size and . 23 6. 23 7 CNC con trol selling in. 218-2 19. 218. 219 CNC Controller softw are for. 215- 219 converting text to curves in. 23 7, 237 CorelDra w and. II. 12. 223-239 . 223 cutting depth settings in, 258 downloading cop y of. 11 3- 11 4 file formats in . 12.219- 222 G code and com mands fo r. 11 . 21 9- 221 impo rt file creati on for, 222 - 223 insta llat ion of. II 3. 215 lathecorej .plt fil e. 28 7- 291 li netest. plt file in. 228 -230. 230 Iinetest2 .plt fil e in . 231 - 232. 233 M code and commands for, II, 220-222 machine setup file for. 258 offsetting G cod e to center the project. 238. 238. 239 openi ng. 21 5 port assignment in, 216, 217 shapes.plt file for. 261-262. 26 1. 262 software selectio n, 10-1 2Index Kearn and programming (continued) system timing in , 217, 217 Table Setup w indow in, 215, 216 testtexl.plt file for, 260, 260, 26 1 textt est.plt file in , 233, 234, 234 tool size setting in, 234, 235, 236 user defined M codes for, 222 KellyWare (See also KCam), 113 L297 stepper motor con troller, IS , 18- 19,22- 75,22, 23 ,46 a version of (L297A), 57-58, 58 advantages of, 46-47 applicalion for, 29 bipolar steppe r motor and, 59 block diagra m of, 23 circuit operation in, 2S clock pulse doubler In, 59 DIP packa ge mechanical data for, 30- 31, 30, 31 electrical characteristics of, 27- 28, 28 half step mod e in, 26, 26 L293E vs. 47 normal drive mode in, 26. 26 phase sequence in. 26 pin connections for. 23 , 62 pin function chart for. 24- 25 pin functions for, 61 sources for, 29 2 synchroni zation in. 29 unipolar motors and , 59 wave drive mode in. 27, 2 7 L298 H br idge IC, I S, 18-19, 33- 75, 33 application informat ion in. 39 bidirectional control in. 38 . 40 block diagram of , 33 dimension data for. 42, 4 2 electrical cha racteristics of, 35 -36 installing in driver, 109. 109 ma xim um rat ings tor, 34 muiti watt ISH, 43, 43 multiwatt 15V, 42, 42 PCB layout for, 4 1 pin connections for. 34 pin funct ions for, 35 PowerS020, 44, 44 satu ration voltage in, 36 sink current in, 38 sources for, 29 2 sw itching times in, 36, 3 7 thermal data on, 34 307308 CNC Robot ics lath e, 286-292, 287 lathecore3.plt file, 28 7-291 limit switch installa tion, 206-21 4, 207 , 208 interface board to computer. 19-2 1, 20 lineal motion . 4-8 bea rings in, 8 guide rails in. 7. 7. 8 suppliers of mat er ial for, 296 -300 TV gli de tray assembly in, 8 Iinetest.plt file, 228-230, 230 linetest2.plt file in, 231 -232, 233 load current regulation. motor, 53-54. 54 losses. motors, 68 M code, II , 220-222 machin e setup file. Ke arn. 258 Mas ter Craft rotary tool engraving, 274-277 . 274- 277 materials, sources, 29 3-301 MDF as table board, 25 7, 258 mechanical engraving tool, engravings. 268- 271, 268-2 71 Me tal Supermarkets, 300 metal , suppliers of, 300 motor mo unts, 190, 190 , 191 , 19 2 motors, 2- 4 , 3 , 14 back EMF and, 73-74 bipolar, 48, 59 , 64 cable connection s to, 130- 131, 130 , 13 1 chopper contro l fo r, 54- 57, 54, 55, 56, 65, 66 -67, 67, 70- 73, 71 controllers for, ST M icroelectronics manua l on (Seea/so L297; L298). 22-75 drive top ology select ion for, 64-6 5, 64 dri ver for, 9, 15- 19, 17 flexi ble shaft coupling for, 198, 198 half step drive, 49, 52, 52 installation of. 189-2 14 interface board to comp uter and. 13- 15. 13 L29 7 step per motor co ntroller Ie for (See also L2971, I S, 18- 19, 22-75, 22, 23 L298 H bridge IC (See also L298), IS, 18- 19, 33-75, 33 lead screw centering and mounting. 193- 196. 193-196. 197 limit sw itch installa tion for, 206- 21 4, 20 7. 20 8 load current regulation in, 53-54 , 54 losses in, 68 minim um current in. 68 , 69 mounts for. 190. 190. 191. 19 2 noise and , 70-73 , 71. 72, 73 peak detect current in, 68. 69 phase sequence generation in, SO-53. 51. 5 2. 53 power dissipation in bridge Ie in. 68 . 71Index motors (continued) power supply for. 4. 15 problem s and soluti ons for. 64-75 ripple current in. 68 selection of, unipolar Y5. bipolar, 64 sources for used/ second-hand, 4 stepper motors, 4 8 stuck condition in. 74 suppliers for. 300- 301 tools and materia ls for installation of. 189 two pha se drive in . 49 . 52. 52 unipolar. 48. 50 . 60. 64. 66 variable reluctanc e, 50, SO wa ve drive state sequence in, 53. 53 wind ing current in. 69, 70 w iring diagram for, S X axis and. 190- 199. 193 X axis limit setting for. 208-209. 208. 209 Y axis and. 199- 203. 199-203 Y axis limit sett ing for. 209 -210. 210 Z axi s and. 203-206 . 20 4- 206 Z axi s li mit setting for. 211-2i 4. 211-214 Mo user Electron ics. 294 noise, in motors, 70-73, 71, 72, 73 NSK Inc.• 297 NU Horizons Electronics, 294 NuArc Model SST 1418 hori zontal camera. exploded view. 6, 7 Pacifi c Scient ific , i 3. 15.299 pain ting the frame. 151 peak detect current. in motors, 68, 69 pen holder, 246-252. 246- 252 phase sequence generation in motors, 50-53, 51, 52 . 53 Pioneer Standa rd. 293 . 295-296 plotter. 263-268, 26 4, 265 port assignment. 11 5. 116, 11 6. 118, 21 6.2 17 power supplies, 4, 15. 11 8, 129 connecting. 128, 128. connector strips for. 127, 12 7 fan connection to, 128 -129 wi ring diagram for motors, S Princess Auto, 13, 299 printed circuit board construction. 77- 97 aligning the artwork for, 85 , 85. 8 6 art work for, 78-82 bottom of driver board, 79-80. 79 cleani ng, 82-84 cutting, 82- 84 309310 CNC Robotics printed circuit board construction (continued) drilling holes in , 100- 101 , 100, 101, 102 etching process in, 93-9 7, 93, 94, 9 5, 96 interface board, 80 . 81 materials and too ls for, 77, 78 photo resist process in. 78 printing th e artwork for, 80-82 soldering in, 101, 103, 103 static electricity protection in, 104, 104 tinning in, 96. 9 7 toner transfer process in, 85-92 , 87 , 88, 89, 90, 91,92 top of driver board, 80, 80 printers, for PCB construction. 80-82 programming (See KCam and programming) raster graphics, 238 - 239 read y rod, 9 Richardson Electro nics. 293. 295 ripple current. in motors. 68 rotar y tool eng raving (Master Craft), 274-2 77, 274- 277 route r holder for, 252 -25 7, 252-25 7 routing with , 278 -292, 278-292 Sanyo Denki, 16, 300 shapes.pit file , 26 1- 262, 261, 262 side view of CNC machine. 10 sign makin g. 278-28 1, 278-280 SKF Inc., 298-2 99 software setup and driver testing. 10- 12, 113-13 2 case enclo sure for electronics and , 124- 132, 125, 132 circle test tile in, 123- 124, 124 CNC co ntrols sett ing in , 117, 117, 120, 120 Kea rn installat ion for. 11 3-11 4 materials nceded for. 113 port assignment in. 115. 11 6, 116. 11 8 Square-gc.txt test file for, 121, 122 steps setting System Timing window for, 114-1 15. J14. J15 test file creation in. 121- 122 triangle test file tor, 122- I 23, 123 solder ing, 101, 103, 103 sources of materials, 293-301 springs tor tool holders, 249 , 250 Square- gc.txt test file, 121, 122 stained glass w indow plotter, 263 - 268 , 264 static electricity protection, 104, 104 stepper motor (See motors) steps sett ing (table setup) tor motor, 116- 117, 117 system timing, 114-115 , 114, 115, 217,217Index Table Setup w indow, 215, 216 test tile creation. 121 - 122 testi ng the CNC machi ne, 25 7- 262 testtext.plt file, 260 , 260, 26 1 texttest.plt file, 23 3, 234 , 234 THK Inc., 298 Thompson Ind ustries, 299- 300 tinning th e PCB, 96 , 97 toner tran sfer process in PCB, 85- 92, 8 7. 88. 89, 90, 9\, 92 tool holders, 245- 285 Dremel tool holder. 252- 257, 252-257 pen holder, 246-252, 246-2 52 rou ter holder, 252- 257, 25 2-25 7 springs for, 249, 250 tool size setting in KCam, 234, 235, 236 tr ian gle test file, 122- 123, 123 TV glide tray assembly, li neal motion. 8, 175, 176 two - phase sequence, in motor, 52, 52 un ip olar motors, 48, 50, 60 , 64, 66 user defined M codes, 222 variable reluctance motors, 50, 50 vector grap hics , 238-239 wa ve drive state sequence, motor, 53 , 53 w elding th e frame together, 143- 144, 143 wi nding current, in motors, 69, 70 X axi s, 160-1 64, 161-1 64 limi t sett ing for, 208- 209, 20 8, 20 9 motor installation and, 190- 199. 193 Y axis, 184- 187, 185-1 8 7 limit sett ing for. 209- 210, 210 motor installation and, 199-203, 19 9-203 tools and materials for, 184 - 185 Z axis mounting holes for, 185, 185 Z axi s, 175-1 84, 176 acme screw location in. 181, 181 bearin g ho lde r fit and. 182, 182 centering and mounting, 182- 184, 183 , 184 li mit setting for, 211 - 214, 211 -214 motor installation and. 203- 206, 204- 206 tools and materials for, 175 TV gli de tray for, 175, 176 Y slide atta chment in, 177, 177 , 185, 18 5 z tool mounting surface for, 180 - 181 , 180, 181
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