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| موضوع: كتاب The Effect of Creep and Other Time Related Factors on Plastics and Elastomers الأحد 23 أبريل 2023, 12:36 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب The Effect of Creep and Other Time Related Factors on Plastics and Elastomers Third Edition Laurence W. McKeen
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgments 1. Introduction to Creep, Polymers, Plastics and Elastomers 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Types of Stress 1.3 Basic Concepts of Creep 1.4 Plastics and Polymers 1.5 Plastic Compositions 1.6 Mechanisms of Creep of Plastics 1.7 Poisson’s Ratio 1.8 Using Creep Data in Plastic Product Design 1.9 Summary References 2. Styrenic Plastics 2.1 Polystyrene 2.2 Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate 2.3 Styrene Acrylonitrile 2.4 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene 2.5 Methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene 2.6 Styrene Maleic Anhydride 2.7 Styrenic Block Copolymers 2.8 Styrenic Blends and Alloys References 3. Polyether Plastics 3.1 Polyoxymethylene (POM or Acetal Homopolymer) 3.2 Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-Co or Acetal Copolymer) 3.3 Modified Polyphenylene Ether/Polyphenylene Oxides References 4. Polyesters 4.1 Polycarbonate 4.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate 4.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate 4.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers 4.5 Polycyclohexylene-Dimethylene Terephthalate 4.6 Polyphthalate Carbonate 4.7 Polyester Blends and Alloys References 5. Polyimides 5.1 Polyetherimide 5.2 Polyamide-Imide 5.3 Polyimide 5.4 Imide Polymer Blends References 6. Polyamides (Nylons) 6.1 Nylon 6 (PA 6) 6.2 Nylon 11 (PA 11) 6.3 Nylon 12 (PA 12) 6.4 Nylon 46 (PA 46) 6.5 Nylon 66 (PA 66) 6.6 Nylon 610 (PA 610) 6.7 Nylon 612 (PA 612) 6.8 Nylon 6/66 6.9 Nylon Amorphous 6.10 Polyarylamide 6.11 Polyphthalamide References 7. Polyolefins and Acrylics 7.1 Polyethylene 7.2 Polypropylene 7.3 Polymethylpentene 7.4 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer 7.5 Rigid PVC 7.6 Polyacrylics References 8. Thermoplastic Elastomers 8.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers 8.2 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers 8.3 Thermoplastic Polyether Olefin Elastomers 8.4 Thermoplastic Polyether Block Amide Elastomers References 9. Fluoropolymers 9.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene 9.2 Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene 9.3 Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene 9.4 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene 9.5 Perfluoro Alkylvinylether (PFA/MFA) 9.6 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene 9.7 Polyvinylidene Fluoride References 10. High-Temperature Polymers 10.1 Polyketones 10.2 Polyethersulfone 10.3 Polyphenylene Sulfide 10.4 Polysulfone 10.5 Polyphenylsulfone References Appendix 1. Abbreviations Appendix 2. Unit Conversion Tables Pressure, Stress, Modulus Strain Index Note: Page numbers followed by “f ”, and “t ” refers to figures and tables respectively. A Acetal homopolymer. See Polyoxymethylene (POM) Acrylite H15 stress vs. time at 23°C and different strain levels, 352f time to fracture and crazing stress vs. time at 23°C, 352f Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), 6473 advantage, 65 applications and uses, 65 grades available, 65 manufacturers and trade names, 65 polymerization, 65f Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), 4345 applications and uses, 45 manufacturers and trade names, 45 Addition polymerization, 21, 21f chain initiation, 21 chain propagation, 21 chain termination, 21 Additives, 31 antiblock, 33, 33f antistats, 3536 catalysts, 33 combustion modifiers, 32 composites, 31, 32f creep mechanism, 37 dyes, 35 fillers, 31 coupling agents, 35 nonfibrous, 31 reinforcing, 31 impact modifiers, 3334 mica, 35 optical brighteners, 34 pigments, 35 carbon black, 35 titanium dioxide (TiO2), 35 plasticizers, 3435 platelet, 31, 32f release agents, 32 resin, 31 slip, 3233 migrating, 32, 33f nonmigrating, 33 thermal stabilizers, 35 toughener, 34, 34f UV/radiation stabilizers, 34 Alternating copolymers, 22 Amilant CM1011G-30, 253f Amilant CM1011G-45, 253f Amodel A-1133 HS compressive modulus vs. time at various temperatures and stress, 303f flexural modulus vs. time at 23°C and stress of 69 MPa, 304f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 302f at 125°C, 302f at 175°C, 303f tensile creep rupture vs. time at various temperatures, 305f tensile modulus vs. time at various temperatures and stress, 304f Amodel A-1145 HS isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 305f at 125°C, 305f at 175°C, 306f Amodel A-1160 HS isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 306f at 75°C, 306f at 125°C, 306f Amodel ET-1000, 302f Amodel PPA resins apparent tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C and a stress of 13.8 MPa, 307f at 23°C and a stress of 34.5 MPa, 307f at 125°C and a stress of 13.8 MPa, 308f at 125°C and a stress of 34.5 MPa, 308f at 175°C and a stress of 13.8 MPa, 309f at 175°C and a stress of 34.5 MPa, 309f Amorphous plastics, 2930, 30f. See also Crystalline plastics Antiblock additives, 33, 33f Antistats, 3536. See also Additives Atactic polypropenes, 26, 26f Aurum, 214f AvaSpiret AV-621 GF30 apparent creep modulus at 23°C and various levels of stress, 428f at 120°C and various levels of stress, 429f at 160°C and various levels of stress, 429f isochronous creep curves for 1000 h at various temperatures, 428f AvaSpiret AV-621 NT apparent creep modulus at 23°C and various levels of stress, 425f at 120°C and various levels of stress, 425f at 160°C and various levels of stress, 426f isochronous creep curves for 1000 h at various temperatures, 424f AvaSpiret AV-722 BG20 apparent creep modulus at 23°C and various levels of stress, 427f at 120°C and various levels of stress, 427f isochronous creep curves for 1000 h at various temperatures, 426f AvaSpiret AV-722 CF30 apparent creep modulus at 23°C and various levels of stress, 430f 479AvaSpiret AV-722 CF30 (Continued) at 120°C and various levels of stress, 431f at 200°C and various levels of stress, 431f isochronous creep curves for 1000 h at various temperatures, 430f AvaSpiret AV-848 CF30 apparent creep modulus at 120°C and various levels of stress, 432f at 160°C and various levels of stress, 433f at 200°C and various levels of stress, 433f isochronous creep curves for 1000 h at various temperatures, 432f AV-600 series, 423424 AV-700 series, 424434 B BASF, 121130 Bayblend T85 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 81f at 40°C, 81f at 60°C, 81f at 80°C, 82f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 82f at 40°C, 83f at 60°C, 83f at 80°C, 84f Bayblend T88-2N isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 84f at 40°C, 84f at 60°C, 85f at 90°C, 85f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 85f at 40°C, 86f at 60°C, 86f at 90°C, 87f Bayblend T88-4N isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 87f at 40°C, 87f at 60°C, 88f at 90°C, 88f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 88f at 40°C, 89f at 60°C, 89f at 90°C, 90f Blend/blending, of polymers, 3031, 31f Blends and alloys polyesters, 201210 applications and end uses, 169f description, 201 manufacturers and trade names, 169f polyimides, 230245 styrenic plastics, 7994 applications and uses, 81 manufacturers and trade names, 81 Block copolymers, 22 Branched polymers creep mechanism, 37 description, 2223, 23f C Carbon black, 35 Catalysts, plastics, 33 Celanese, 108120 Celanex 2500 isochronous stress vs. strain at 23°C, 152f Celanex 3210 flexural creep vs. time curves at 3.4 MPa maximum stress, 153f flexural creep vs. time curves at 13.8 MPa maximum stress, 153f Celanex 3300 creep strain vs. time comparison at a stress of 13.8 MPa, 156f flexural creep at 100°C, 155f flexural creep vs. time curves at 3.4 MPa maximum stress, 154f flexural creep vs. time curves at 14 MPa maximum stress, 155f Celanex 3310 creep strain vs. time comparison at a stress of 13.8 MPa, 156f Celanex grades tensile creep curves, 158f tensile creep modulus, 157f Celanex 2300 GV/30 isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°C, 154f Celanex PBT resin flexural creep modulus vs. time comparison at 23°C and stress of 10 MPa, 156f at 80°C and stress of 5 MPa, 157f Celcon creep modulus vs. time curves, 120f hoop stress vs. time curve, 120f Celcon GB25 flexural creep modulus vs. shifted time at 23°C, 119f vs. time curves at various temperatures, 118f temperature shift factor of, 119f Celcon GC25A creep modulus vs. time at 40°C, 117f isochronous stress-strain at 40°C, 116f Celcon M90 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 111f at 40°C, 111f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 112f at 40°C, 112f Celcon M270t flexural creep modulus vs. shifted time, 110f at various temperatures, 109f temperature shift factor, 110f Celcon TX90PLUS creep modulus vs. time strain at 23°C, 114f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 113f at 40°C, 113f Chain entanglement, 28 Chain initiation, 21. See also Addition polymerization Chain propagation, 21. See also Addition polymerization Chain termination, 21. See also Addition polymerization COC. See Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) Combustion modifiers, 32 Composites, 31, 32f Condensation polymerization, 2122, 21f Copolymers, 22 alternating, 22 block, 22 classifications, 22 graft, 22 random, 22 Coupling agents, 35 Covalent bonds, 24 Crastin LW9020 isochronous stress vs. strain at 23°C, 210f Crastin LW9030 isochronous stress vs. strain at 23°C, 210f Crastin S600F10 NC010 isochronous stress vs. strain curves at 23°C, 158f at 60°C, 158f Crastin SK601 isochronous stress vs. strain curves at 23°C, 159f at 60°C, 159f Crastin SK603 isochronous stress vs. strain curves at 23°C, 159f Crastin SK605 isochronous stress vs. strain curves at 23°C, 160f Crastin SK609 isochronous stress vs. strain curves at 23°C, 160f at 60°C, 161f Crastin ST820 NC010 isochronous stress vs. strain at 23°C, 159f 480 INDEXCrastin T805 isochronous stress vs. strain at 23°C, 160f at 80°C, 160f Crastin T841FR isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 161f at 60°C, 161f Crastin T843FR isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 161f at 60°C, 162f Crastin T845FR isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 162f at 60°C, 162f Creep concepts, 420 flexural, 4f tensile, 4f Creep mechanism additives, 37 branched polymers, 37 linear polymers, 3637 reinforced plastics, 37 Cross-linked polymers creep mechanism, 37 description, 2223, 23f Crystalline plastics, 2930, 30f. See also Amorphous plastics Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), 346 applications and end uses, 346 chemical structure, 346f description, 346 manufacturers and trade names, 346 performance benefits, 346 Cycolact ABS resin, 71f Cycolact G360, 70f Cycolact X37, 70f Cycoloyt C1000 tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 94f at 60°C, 94f at 90°C, 95f D Degree of unsaturation (DoU), 24 Delrin 100, 500, 900 isochronous flexural stress-strain at 23°C, 100f at 45°C, 100f at 85°C, 101f at 100°C, 101f tensile stress relaxation under constant strain at 23°C, 101f Delrin acetal resins, 97 general purpose, composition, 98t higher stiffness, composition, 99t low friction and wear, composition, 99t toughened, composition, 98t UV stabilized and specialty, composition, 100t Delrin 100ST NC010 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 102f at 40°C, 102f at 60°C, 102f at 80°C, 102f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 103f at 5 MPa stress, 103f Delrin 510GR NC000 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 104f at 40°C, 104f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 104f at 60°C, 105f at 90°C, 105f Delrin 520MP NC010 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 106f at 60°C, 106f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 106f at 60°C, 107f Diakont acrylic resins, 351f Diakont LG156, 350f Diakont MG102, 350f Dipole moments, of polymer molecules, 23, 23t DoU. See Degree of unsaturation (DoU) Dyes, 35 Dylark 480P16 tensile creep strain vs. stress at 23°, 77f and various stress levels, 77f Dylark SMA resins, 78f E Elastollan 1164 D, 357f Elastollan 1185 A, 357f Elastollan C 64D, 357f Elastollan C 85 A, 358f Elastollan R 3000, 358f Elastomers, 355. See also Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) Electronegativity, in polymers, 23 Equivalent stress, 4 Ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), 385387 applications and uses, 385 chemical structure, 385f manufacturers and trade names, 385 Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), 388391 applications and uses, 388 chemical structure, 388f description, 388 manufacturers and trade names, 388 properties, 388 Evonik Industries, 138 Excel 4101GL30 flexural creep strain vs. time at 150°C and various stress levels, 443f tensile creep strain vs. time at various temperatures and stress levels, 442f Extender, 31 F FEA. See Finite element analysis (FEA) Fillers, additives, 31 coupling agents, 35 nonfibrous, 31 reinforcing, 31 Finite element analysis (FEA), 3940, 40f Finite elements, 40 Fluon ETFE compression stress relaxation, 392f tensile creep strain vs. time at 100°C, 390f at 150°C loaded at one half the yield strength, 391f Fluon ETFE C-55AX, 391f Fluon FC100-25 1000 creep in compression at 20°C at various stress levels, 383f isometric stress-time curves in compression at 20°C at various strain levels, 384f recovery from creep in compression loaded at various stress levels, 384f Fluon filled PTFE, 385f Fluon G163 compressive creep strain vs. time at 25° C, 381f isochronous stress-strain at 25°C, 381f isochronous stress-strain curves in compression at 25°C, 382f recovery from creep in compression at 25°C and at various stress levels, 382f Fluon PA1025Z, 383f Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), 392397 applications and uses, 393 ball and stick three-dimensional representation, 392f manufacturers and trade names, 393 three-dimensional representation, 392f Fluoroguard, 32 Fluoropolymer/fluoroplastic ECTFE, 385387 applications and uses, 385 chemical structure, 385f manufacturers and trade names, 385 ETFE, 388391 INDEX 481Fluoropolymer/fluoroplastic (Continued) applications and uses, 388 chemical structure, 388f description, 388 manufacturers and trade names, 388 properties, 388 FEP, 392397 applications and uses, 393 ball and stick three-dimensional representation, 392f manufacturers and trade names, 393 three-dimensional representation, 392f melting points, 373, 374t overview, 373 PFA/MFA, 398404 applications and uses, 398 ball and stick three-dimensional representation, 398f chemical structure, 398f comonomers, 398t data, 398402 description, 398 manufacturers and trade names, 398 three-dimensional representation, 398f polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), 405 applications and uses, 405 description, 405 manufacturers and trade names, 405 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 373384 applications and uses, 376 ball and stick three-dimensional representation, 375f chemical structure, 375f description, 373 formation, 373 homopolymer, 373376 manufacturers and trade names, 376 molecules, 373 three-dimensional representation, 375f polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 405411 applications and uses, 407 attributes, 407 chemical structure, 407f description, 405 manufacturers and trade names, 407 structures of monomers, 374f tensile creep strain at 100°C and 3.4 MPa stress, 375f Fortron 1140L4 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 448f at 120°C, 448f at 150°C, 449f at 200°C, 449f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 451f at 120°C, 452f at 150°C, 452f at 200°C, 453f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 449f at 120°C, 450f at 150°C, 450f at 200°C, 451f Fortron 6165A4 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 453f at 120°C, 453f at 150°C, 454f at 200°C, 454f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 456f at 120°C, 457f at 150°C, 457f at 200°C, 458f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 454f at 120°C, 455f at 150°C, 455f at 200°C, 456f Fortron resins flexural creep modulus vs. time at 200°C, 459f at various temperatures, 458f G Geometric isomers, 2526 cis-, 2526, 26f trans-, 2526, 26f Geont Fiberloct 87241, 348f Geont Fiberloct PVC resins creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 349f creep rupture strength vs. time, 348f flexural creep modulus vs. time at 23° C, 349f GHR compressive creep strain vs. time at 23° C and various stress levels, 337f compressive creep strain vs. time at 50° C and various stress levels, 337f compressive creep strain vs. time at 80° C and various stress levels, 338f GHR 8110 creep strain vs. time at 23°C and 1 MPa stress, 336f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C and 1 MPa stress, 336f Graft copolymers, 22 Graphite, 33 Grilamid LV-3H, 268f Grilamid TR55 chemical structure, 294f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 297f Grilamid TR90 tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 298f Grilon BG-30 S, 255f Grilon BG-50 H tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 255f at 120°C, 256f Grilon BGM-65 X V0, 256f Grilon BS/2, 254f Grilon BZ 1/2, 254f Grilon TSG-30/4, 293f Grilon TSG-50/4, 294f Grilon TSS, 293f Grivory GC-4H creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 313f Grivory GM-4H creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 313f Grivory GV-5H creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 314f at 60°C, 314f at 80°C, 315f at 120°C, 315f Grivory GV-6H creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 319f at 80°C, 319f Grivory HT2V-3H creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 311f Grivory HT2V-3X V0 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 312f at 80°C, 312f Grivory HT2V-5H creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 316f at 80°C, 316f Grivory HTV-3H1, 310f Grivory HTV-5H1 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 317f at 80°C, 317f at 120°C, 318f at 150°C, 318f Grivory XE3876 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 310f at 80°C, 311f GUR compressive creep strain vs. time at 23° C and various stress levels, 337f compressive creep strain vs. time at 50° C and various stress levels, 337f compressive creep strain vs. time at 80° C and various stress levels, 338f GUR 4120 creep strain vs. time at 23°C and 1 MPa stress, 334f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C and 1 MPa stress, 334f 482 INDEXGUR 4152 creep strain vs. time at 23°C and 1 MPa stress, 335f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C and 1 MPa stress, 335f H Halar ECTFE stress relaxation vs. temperature at 1000 h and 2% total strain, 388f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 386f at 75°C, 386f at 125°C, 387f at 150°C, 387f High density polyethylene (HDPE), 321 flexural creep modulus vs. time, 329f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 323f, 327f, 331f at 40°C, 324f, 327f, 331f at 80°C, 324f, 328f, 331f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 324f at 40°C, 325f High impact polystyrene (HIPS), 43, 44f High-temperature polymers overview, 413 polyaryl ether ketones, 423433 polyether ether ketones, 413421 polyether ketone ether ether ketones, 423 polyether ketones, 422 polyethersulfone (PES), 434442 manufacturers and trade names, 434 properties, 434 structure, 434f polyketones, 413433 applications and uses, 413 characteristics, 413 description, 413 manufacturers and trade names, 413 structure, 414t polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), 443458 applications and uses, 444 manufacturers and trade names, 444 properties, 444 structure, 443f variants, 443444 polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), 468472 applications and uses, 468 manufacturers and trade names, 468 properties, 468 structure, 468f polysulfone (PSU), 459467 applications and end uses, 459 description, 459 manufacturers and trade names, 459 properties, 459 Hostaform C 2521, 113f Hostaform C 9021 flexural creep modulus at various temperatures, 109f tensile creep curves at 23°C, 108f time compression stress curves at 20°C, 108f Hostaform C 9021 GV1/30 flexural creep modulus vs. time curves at 20° and 80°, 117f relaxation modulus vs. time curves at 23°, 118f Hostaform C 13031 and 13021, 111f Hostaform S 9063 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 114f Hostaform S 9064 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 115f Hostaform S 9243 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 115f Hostaform S 9244 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 116f Hostalen CRP 100 hoop stress vs. time at various temperatures, 330f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 40°C, 330f Hostalen GM 5010 T3 hoop stress vs. time at various temperatures, 326f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 325f at 40°C, 326f Hostalen H1022 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 341f at 40°C, 341f at 60°C, 342f at 80°C, 342f Hostalen H2150 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 339f at 40°C, 339f at 60°C, 339f at 80°C, 339f Hostalen H2222, 340f Hostalen H2250, 340f Hostalen H5216, 341f Hostalen HDPE, 333f Hydrogen bonding, 27, 28f Hyflon MFA creep to failure vs. stress level at 200° C, 404f isochronous stress-strain curves for a 1000 h creep time at 120°C and 200°C, 405f Hyflon MFA F1520 tensile creep curves at 23°C at various stress levels, 403f tensile creep curves at 120°C at various stress levels, 403f tensile creep curves at 200°C at various stress levels, 404f Hyflon PFA 220, 400f Hyflon PFA M620, 402f Hyflon PFA M720, 401f Hyflon PFA P420, 401f Hyflon PFA resin series, 402f Hytrel 4056 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 359f at 40°C, 359f at 80°C, 360f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 360f Hytrel 5526 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 361f at 40°C, 361f at 80°C, 361f tensile creep modulus vs. time isochronous stress-strain at 23° C, 362f Hytrel 6356 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 362f at 40°C, 362f at 80°C, 363f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 363f Hytrel 7246 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 364f at 40°C, 364f at 80°C, 364f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 365f Hytrel TPE-E or COPE resins, 365f compression set resistance at various temperatures, 359t I Imide polymer blends, 230245 Impact modifiers, 3334 Impet 330R, 180f Impet 610R, 180f Isomers, 2527 geometric, 2526 cis-, 2526, 26f trans-, 2526, 26f head to tail, 25, 25f stereoisomers, 2627. See also Polypropenes; Polypropylenes structural, 25, 25f Isophorone bisphenol, 142, 142f Isotactic polypropenes, 2627, 26f Iupilon deformation under compressive load at various temperatures, 142t flexural and compressive creep vs. time at various stress levels, 150f tensile creep strain vs. time at 22°C, 149f INDEX 483Iupilon (Continued) tensile creep stress vs. time at 22°C, 149f tensile creep vs. time at 25°C, 147f at 75°C, 147f at 100°C, 148f at 125°C, 148f tensile deformation and recovery, 142t, 150f tensile stress relaxation, 151f Iupital flexural stress relaxation vs. time at 23°C, 132f at 50°C, 132f at 75°C, 133f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 131f at 50°C, 131f IXEF 1022 tensile creep strain vs. time at 50°C, 299f at 120°C, 299f IXEF 1032 tensile creep strain vs. time at 50°C, 300f K Kapton Type HN PI film, 237f KetaSpire KT-820 CF30 apparent modulus vs. time at 23°C and various stress, 420f at 200°C and various stress, 422f at 120°C and various stress levels, 421f at 160°C and various stress levels, 421f isochronous creep curves at various temperatures, 420f KetaSpire KT-820 NT apparent modulus vs. time at 23°C and various stress, 418f at 120°C and various stress levels, 419f at 160°C and various stress levels, 419f isochronous creep curves at various temperatures, 418f Kynar PVDF, 411f L Lexan 101 creep strain vs. time at 45°C, 143f Lexan 4501 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 203f at 90°C, 204f at 120°C, 204f Lexan 4704 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 205f at 90°C, 205f at 140°C, 206f Lexan PCC4701R, 203f Lexan 141R creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 143f at various temperatures and a stress of 15 MPa, 144f Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), 321 Linear polymers creep mechanism, 3637 description, 2223, 23f Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), 196200 applications and uses, 196 chemical structures of monomers, 197f description, 196 manufacturers and trade names, 196 Longitudinal stress, 3 Low density polyethylene (LDPE), 321 Lubricompt DFL36 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 145f at 70°C, 146f at 120°C, 146f Lupolen 5031L isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 327f at 40°C, 327f Lupolen 5261Z isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 328f at 40°C, 328f Lupolen 6031M isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 331f at 40°C, 332f Luran 378P creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 57f at 40°C, 57f at 60°C, 58f at 80°C, 58f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 55f at 40°C, 56f at 60°C, 56f at 80°C, 56f Luran 378P G7 creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 60f at 40°C, 60f at 60°C, 61f at 80°C, 61f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 59f at 40°C, 59f at 60°C, 59f at 80°C, 59f Luran 388S, 62f Luran S 757R creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 51f at 40°C, 52f at 60°C, 52f at 80°C, 53f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 50f at 40°C, 50f at 60°C, 51f at 80°C, 51f Luran S 778T creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 54f at 60°C, 54f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 53f, 55f at 60°C, 53f at 70°C, 55f Luran S KR 2861-1 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 93f at 80°C, 93f Luran SAN, 62f, 63f Lustran ABS 446 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 66f at 40°C, 66f at 60°C, 67f at 80°C, 67f M Medium density polyethylene (MDPE), 321 Mesh, 40. See also Finite element analysis (FEA) Methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (MABS), 74 applications and uses, 74 manufacturers and trade names, 74 Mica, 35. See also Additives Minlon 10B140 NC010 creep strain in flexure vs. time at a stress of 6.9 MPa and 23°C, 280f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 279f at 60°C, 279f at 90°C, 279f at 100°C, 279f Minlon 11B140 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 283f at 60°C, 283f at 80°C, 283f at 100°C, 283f 484 INDEXMinlon 11C40 NC010, 280f Minlon 12T, 278f Minlon 20B creep strain in flexure vs. time at a stress level of 6.9 MPa and at 23°C, 281f at a stress level of 6.9 MPa and at 124°C, 281f Minlon 73M30 NC010 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 252f at 60°C, 252f at 90°C, 252f Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corp., 131132 Molecular attractions, in polymers, 2728 chain entanglement, 28 hydrogen bonding, 27, 28f Van der Waals forces, 2728 Molecular polarity, 2324 dipole moments, 23, 23t polar bond, 23 qualitative ranking, 24f Molecular unsaturation, 24. See also Polymer(s) covalent bonds, 24 degree of unsaturation (DoU), 24 Molybdenum disulfide, 33 N Neoflont M-300H, 406f Neoflont M-400H, 406f Node, 40. See also Finite element analysis (FEA) Nonfibrous fillers, 31 Norylt 731 creep performance, 136f creep strain vs. time at 60°C, 135f at 80°C, 135f at stress of 10 MPa, 136f Norylt GFN1 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 137f Norylt GFN2 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 137f Norylt GTX964W creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 134f at various temperatures and stress, 134f Novaduran 5010G30 flexural creep fracture stress vs. time at various temperatures, 178f flexural creep modulus vs. time at various temperatures, 177f flexural creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 175f at 80°C, 176f at 120°C, 176f at 150°C, 177f stress relaxation vs. time at 23°C, 178f Novaduran 5010R5 flexural creep fracture stress vs. time at various temperatures, 174f flexural creep modulus vs. time at various temperatures, 174f flexural creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 173f at high temperatures, 173f at various levels of stress, 173f stress relaxation vs. time at 23°C, 175f Novaduran PBT resins, 179f Novarex deformation under compressive load at various temperatures, 142t flexural and compressive creep vs. time at various stress levels, 150f tensile creep strain vs. time at 22°C, 149f tensile creep stress vs. time at 22°C, 149f tensile creep vs. time at 25°C, 147f at 75°C, 147f at 100°C, 148f at 125°C, 148f tensile deformation and recovery, 142t, 150f tensile stress relaxation, 151f Nylon (polyamides) amino acids, 249f amorphous, 292297 applications and uses, 295 characteristics, 292295 chemical structure, 294f manufacturers and trade names, 295 description, 247 diacids, 248f diamines, 248f generalized reaction, 248f monomers, 248t properties, 247 types, 247 Nylon 6 (polyamide 6), 247256 applications and uses, 247 characteristics, 247 chemical structure, 249f manufacturers and trade names, 247 Nylon 6/66 (polyamide 666 or 66/6), 292 applications and uses, 292 manufacturers and trade names, 292 Nylon 11 (polyamide 11), 257258 applications and end uses, 257 characteristics, 257 chemical structure, 257f manufacturers and trade names, 257 Nylon 12 (polyamide 12), 259268 applications and end uses, 259 characteristics, 259 chemical structure, 259f manufacturers and trade names, 259 Nylon 46 (polyamide 46), 269270 applications and uses, 269 characteristics, 269 chemical structure, 269f manufacturers and trade names, 269 Nylon 66 (polyamide 66), 271284 applications and uses, 271 characteristics, 271 chemical structure, 271f manufacturers and trade names, 271 Nylon 610 (polyamide 610), 285 applications and uses, 285 characteristics, 285 chemical structure, 285f manufacturers and trade names, 285 Nylon 612 (polyamide 612), 285291 applications and uses, 287 characteristics, 285287 chemical structure, 287f manufacturers and trade names, 287 O Optical brighteners, 34 P PACM 12, 292, 295f PAMXD6, 298f Perfluoro alkylvinylether (PFA/MFA), 398404 applications and uses, 398 ball and stick three-dimensional representation, 398f chemical structure, 398f comonomers, 398t data, 398402 description, 398 manufacturers and trade names, 398 three-dimensional representation, 398f Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) synthetic oil, 32 Pigments, 35 carbon black, 35 titanium dioxide (TiO2), 35 Plastic(s). See also Polymer(s); Specific products, and types amorphous, 2930, 30f composition. See Additives creep mechanism additives, 37 branched polymers, 37 linear polymers, 3637 reinforced plastics, 37 crystalline, 2930, 30f Poisson’s ratio, 3738, 38f product design, 3840 FEA, 3940, 40f pseudo elastic design method, 3840, 39f thermoplastics, 29 thermosets, 29 INDEX 485Plasticizers, 3435 Platelet additives, 31, 32f PMP. See Polymethylpentene (PMP) Poisson, Simeon, 3738 Poisson’s ratio, 3738, 38f Polar bond, 23 Polarity. See Molecular polarity Polyacrylics, 347352 applications and uses, 347 description, 347 manufacturers and trade names, 347 Polyamide-imides (PAI) applications and uses, 228 chemical structure, 228f monomers, 228f description, 213 manufacturers and trade names, 228 Polyamides. See Nylon (polyamides) Polyarylamide (PAA), 298299 applications and uses, 298 characteristics, 298 manufacturers and trade names, 298 Polyaryl ether ketones (PAEK), 423433 Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), 151178 applications and uses, 151 chemical structure, 151f description, 151 manufacturers and trade names, 151 performance properties, 151 Polycarbonate, 141150 applications and end uses, 142 chemical structures, 141f monomers, 141f description, 141 manufacturers and trade names, 142 performance properties, 141 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), 405 applications and uses, 405 description, 405 manufacturers and trade names, 405 Polycyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate (PCT), 201 applications and uses, 201 chemical structure, 202f description, 201 manufacturers and trade names, 201 Polyesters. See also Specific products, and types blends and alloys, 201210 applications and end uses, 169f description, 201 manufacturers and trade names, 169f commercial formation, 141 condensation polymerization reaction, 141f description, 141 liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), 196200 applications and uses, 196 chemical structures of monomers, 197f description, 196 manufacturers and trade names, 196 polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), 151178 applications and uses, 151 chemical structure, 151f description, 151 manufacturers and trade names, 151 performance properties, 151 polycarbonate, 141150 applications and end uses, 142 chemical structures, 141f description, 141 manufacturers and trade names, 142 performance properties, 141 polycyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate (PCT), 201 applications and uses, 201 chemical structure, 202f description, 201 manufacturers and trade names, 201 polyethylene terephthalate (PET), 179195 applications and uses, 179 chemical structure, 179f description, 179 manufacturers and trade names, 179 polyphthalate carbonate (PPC), 201 applications and uses, 201 chemical structure, 202f description, 201 manufacturers and trade names, 201 Polyether block amides (PEBAs), 366371 applications and end uses, 368 description, 366368 manufacturers and trade names, 368 Polyether ether ketones, 413421 Polyetherimide (PEI) applications and uses, 213 chemical structure, 214f, 216f biphenol diamine PMDA, 214f BPADA-DDS PEI sulfone, 215f BPADA monomer, 215f BPADA-MPD, 215f BPADA-PMDA-MPD copolyetherimide, 215f BPADA-PPD, 214f monomers, 216f description, 213 manufacturers and trade names, 213 performance features, 213 Polyether ketones, 422 Polyether plastics polyoxymethylene copolymer (POMCo), 97132 applications and uses, 108 chemical structure, 107f manufacturers and trade names, 107 properties, 107 polyoxymethylene (POM), 97 applications and uses, 97 chemical structure, 97f manufacturers and trade names, 97 polyphenylene ether (PPE), 133138 applications and end uses, 133 chemical structure, 133f manufacturers and trade names, 133 modified, 133 Polyethersulfone (PES), 434442 manufacturers and trade names, 434 properties, 434 structure, 434f Polyethylene (PE), 321337 applications and use, 322 branching, 321 crystal structure, 323f flexural creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 332f at 40°C, 333f manufacturers and trade names, 322 types/classifications, 321, 323f Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), 179195 applications and uses, 179 chemical structure, 179f description, 179 hydrolysis, 22 manufacturers and trade names, 179 Polyimides applications and uses, 229 chemical structures, 236f monomers, 236f description, 228 manufacturers and trade names, 229 overview, 213 polymer blends, 230245 standard, 229, 237f, 240f thermoplastic, 230, 240f, 244f Polyketones, 413433 applications and uses, 413 characteristics, 413 description, 413 manufacturers and trade names, 413 structure, 414t Polymer(s). See also Specific products, and types blend/blending, 3031, 31f concept, 21 copolymers, 22 alternating, 22 block, 22 classifications, 22 graft, 22 random, 22 molecular attractions, 2728 chain entanglement, 28 hydrogen bonding, 27, 28f Van der Waals forces, 2728 486 INDEXmolecular polarity, 2324 dipole moments, 23, 23t polar bond, 23 qualitative ranking, 24f molecular unsaturation, 24 covalent bonds, 24 degree of unsaturation (DoU), 24 molecular weight, 2829, 29f steric hindrance, 25, 25f Polymerization addition, 21, 21f condensation, 2122, 21f description, 21 Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), 347, 350f Polymethylpentene (PMP), 345 applications and end uses, 345 characteristics, 345 manufacturers and trade names, 345 Polyolefins, 322f Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-Co), 97132 applications and uses, 108 chemical structure monomers, 107f polymer, 107f manufacturers and trade names, 107 properties, 107 Polyoxymethylene (POM), 97. See also Delrin acetal resins applications and uses, 97 chemical structure, 97f manufacturers and trade names, 97 Polyphenylene ether (PPE), 133138 applications and end uses, 133 chemical structure, 133f manufacturers and trade names, 133 modified, 133 Polyphenylene oxide (PPO). See Polyphenylene ether (PPE) Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), 443458 applications and uses, 444 manufacturers and trade names, 444 properties, 444 structure, 443f variants, 443444 Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), 468472 applications and uses, 468 manufacturers and trade names, 468 properties, 468 structure, 468f Polyphthalamide (PPA) applications and uses, 300 characteristics, 300 chemical structures, 301f description, 300 flexural creep strain vs. time at 150°C and a stress of 28 MPa, 301f manufacturers and trade names, 300 Polyphthalate carbonate (PPC), 201 applications and uses, 201 chemical structure, 202f description, 201 manufacturers and trade names, 201 Polypropenes. See also Polypropylene atactic, 26, 26f isotactic, 2627, 26f structure, 26, 26f syndiotactic, 27, 27f Polypropylene, 338344 applications and uses, 338 homopolymers, 338 impact copolymers, 338 manufacturers and trade names, 338 random copolymers, 338 Polystyrene, 43 applications and uses, 43 general, 43 high impact, 43 chemical structure, 44f expanded, 43 forms, 43 manufacturers and trade names, 43 Polysulfone (PSU), 459467 applications and end uses, 459 description, 459 manufacturers and trade names, 459 properties, 459 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 33, 373384 applications and uses, 376 ball and stick three-dimensional representation, 375f chemical structure, 375f description, 373 formation, 373 homopolymer, 373376 manufacturers and trade names, 376 molecules, 373 three-dimensional representation, 375f Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 405411 applications and uses, 407 attributes, 407 chemical structure, 407f description, 405 manufacturers and trade names, 407 PPE. See Polyphenylene ether (PPE) PS 143 E creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 44f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 44f PS 168N, 47f PS 454C creep modulus at 23°C, 46f at 40°C, 46f at 60°C, 47f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 45f at 40°C, 45f at 60°C, 45f PS 456F, 48f Pseudo elastic design method, 39 R Radel R-5000 apparent creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 20.7 MPa at various temperatures, 471f isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°C, 468f at 95°C, 468f at 160°C, 469f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 469f at 95°C, 470f at 160°C, 470f Radial stress, 3 Random copolymers, 22 Reinforced plastics creep mechanism, 37 Reinforcing fillers, 31 Release agents, 32 Resin, 31. See also Additives Rigid PVC, 346347 applications and uses, 347 classifications, 346347 description, 346 manufacturing and trade names, 347 Rilsan BESNO TL, 257f Rilsan PA 11 resins isochronous stress-strain at 20°C, 258f long-term hydrostatic strength at various temperatures, 258f Riteflex TPE-E or COPEs, 359f Rynite 415HP flexural creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 181f flexural creep vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 181f Rynite 530 flexural creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 184f flexural creep vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 183f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 183f Rynite 545 flexural creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 193f flexural creep vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 192f Rynite 555 flexural creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 6.9 MPa, 195f at a stress of 13.8 MPa, 195f at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 196f flexural creep strain vs. time at a stress of 6.9 MPa, 193f at a stress of 13.8 MPa, 194f at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 194f INDEX 487Rynite 935 flexural creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 6.9 MPa, 186f at a stress of 13.8 MPa, 187f at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 188f flexural creep strain vs. time at a stress of 6.9 MPa, 185f at a stress of 13.8 MPa, 186f at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 187f Rynite 940 flexural creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 189f flexural creep vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 188f Rynite FR515 flexural creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 182f flexural creep vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 182f Rynite FR530 flexural creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 185f flexural creep vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 184f Rynite FR943 flexural creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 190f flexural creep strain vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 189f Rynite FR946 flexural creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 191f flexural creep vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 190f Rynite SST35 flexural creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 192f flexural creep vs. time at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 191f Ryton A-200 PPS, 444f Ryton R-4 PPS, 445f, 446f Ryton R-4 02XT, 445f Ryton R-7 PPS, 446f Ryton R-10 PPS, 447f S SABIC Innovative Plastics, 134137 Santoprene compression set as a function of time at 23°C, 366f compression set as a function of time at 70°C, 367f compression set as a function of time at 100°C, 367f compression set as a function of time at 125°C, 368f Silicone fluids, 32 Slip additives, 3233 migrating, 32, 33f nonmigrating, 33 Solef 1010 hoop stress extrapolated to 50 years vs. temperature in presence of water, 410f hoop stress vs. time at various temperatures, 409f isochronous stress-strain vs. time at 23° C, 407f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 408f at 120°C, 408f at 140°C, 409f Solef 8088/0902, 411f Stanyl PA 46 resins, 270f Stanyl TW300, 269f Stanyl TW200F8, 270f Stat-Kon PC-1006, 251f Stereoisomers, 2627. See also Polypropenes; Polypropylenes Steric hindrance, 25, 25f Stress types, 14 compressive, 1, 2f flexural/bending, 23, 3f hoop, 34, 3f shear, 1, 2f tensile, 1, 2f torsional, 12, 2f Styrene, 43, 44f. See also Specific products, and types Styrene acrylonitrile (SAN), 4563 applications and uses, 55 manufacturers and trade names, 55 Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) applications and uses, 7576 description, 75 manufacturers and trade names, 75 production, 76f properties, 75 Styrenic butadiene block copolymer (SBC), 7678 applications and end uses, 78 manufacturers and trade names, 78 “microscopic” structure, 78f Styrenic plastics ABS, 6473 advantage, 65 applications and uses, 65 grades available, 65 manufacturers and trade names, 65 polymerization, 65f ASA, 4345 applications and uses, 45 manufacturers and trade names, 45 blends and alloys, 7994 applications and uses, 81 manufacturers and trade names, 81 MABS, 74 applications and uses, 74 manufacturers and trade names, 74 overview, 43 polystyrene, 43 applications and uses, 43 chemical structure, 44f expanded, 43 forms, 43 manufacturers and trade names, 43 SAN, 4563 applications and uses, 55 manufacturers and trade names, 55 SBC, 7678 applications and end uses, 78 manufacturers and trade names, 78 “microscopic” structure, 78f SMA applications and uses, 7576 description, 75 manufacturers and trade names, 75 production, 76f properties, 75 Styrolution PS HIPS creep rupture curves in olive oil/oleic acid, 49f creep rupture curves in stress cracking testing, 50f Styrolution PS polystyrene resins creep rupture curves of high-impact, at 20°C, 48f of several general purpose, 49f Styrolux 656C creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 79f at 40°C, 80f at 60°C, 80f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 78f at 40°C, 79f at 60°C, 79f Syndiotactic polypropenes/polypropylenes, 27, 27f T Tangent modulus, 39 Teflon FEP creep strain in compression vs. time at 23°C and various stress levels, 395f at 100°C and various stress levels, 395f Teflon FEP 100 stress relaxation vs. time at 23°C and various strain rates, 397f at 100°C and various strain rates, 397f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C and various stress levels, 393f at 254°C and various stress levels, 393f 488 INDEXat 100°C and various stress levels, 394f at 175°C and various stress levels, 394f torsional creep strain vs. time at 23°C and various stress levels, 396f at 100°C and various stress levels, 396f Teflon PFA, 400f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 399f tensile creep strain vs. time at 100°C, 399f tensile creep strain vs. time at 200°C, 400f Teflon PTFE compressive creep strain vs. time at 23°C and various stress levels, 378f at 100°C and various stress levels, 378f shear creep strain vs. time at 23°C and various stress levels, 379f at 100°C and various stress levels, 379f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C and various stress levels, 376f at 254°C and various stress levels, 376f at 100°C and various stress levels, 377f at 200°C and various stress levels, 377f tensile strength relaxation at 23°C and various strain levels, 380f at 100°C and various strain levels, 380f Tefzel ETFE, 389f Tefzel ETFE HT-2004 apparent flexural modulus vs. time at various temperatures, 390f flexural creep strain vs. time at various temperatures and stress levels, 389f Terblend N NG-02 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 92f at 60°C, 92f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 92f at 60°C, 93f Terblend N NM-19 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 90f at 40°C, 90f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 91f at 60°C, 91f Terlux 2802 TR creep modulus vs. time at 60°C, 75f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 74f at 40°C, 74f at 60°C, 74f Thermal stabilizers, 35 Thermocomp BF-1004, 64f Thermocompt DF006 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 144f at 70°C, 145f Thermocomp PF004, 250f Thermocomp PF-1006FR, 250f Thermocomp QF006, 285f Thermocomp QF008, 286f Thermocomp QF012, 286f Thermocomp SAN grades, 63f Thermoplastic copolyester elastomers (TPE-E or COPE), 358365 applications and end uses, 358 manufacturers and trade names, 358 Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) advantages, 355 description, 355 polyether block amides (PEBAs), 366371 applications and end uses, 368 description, 366368 manufacturers and trade names, 368 properties, 355 hard phase, 355 soft phase, 355 thermoplastic copolyester elastomers (TPE-E or COPE), 358365 applications and end uses, 358 manufacturers and trade names, 358 thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), 366 applications and uses, 366 description, 366 manufacturers and trade names, 366 thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), 355357 aliphatic, 356 applications and end uses, 357 aromatic, 356 description, 355 manufacturers and trade names, 357 molecular structure, 356f polycaprolactone, 356 polyester, 355356 polyether, 356 Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), 366 applications and uses, 366 description, 366 manufacturers and trade names, 366 Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), 355357 aliphatic, 356 applications and end uses, 357 aromatic, 356 description, 355 manufacturers and trade names, 357 molecular structure, 356f polycaprolactone, 356 polyester, 355 characteristic features, 356 polyether, 356 characteristic features, 356 Thermoplastics, 29 Thermosets, 29. See also Thermoplastics Thermx CG993 flexural creep at 80°C and various stress levels, 202f Titanium dioxide (TiO2), 35 Topas COC products, 347 Torlon 4203L creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 231f at 204°C, 231f Torlon 4275 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 233f at 204°C, 234f Torlon 4301 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 232f at 204°C, 232f Torlon 4375 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 233f Torlon 5030 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 234f at 204°C, 235f Torlon 7130 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 235f at 204°C, 236f Torsional constant (K),, 2, 2f Tortuous path effect, 31, 32f Toughener, 34, 34f Toyolac 100 ABS resin creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 68f and 15 MPa tensile stress, 69f and various stress, 68f Toyolac 500 ABS resin, 69f Toyolac antistatic ABS resin, 69f TPXt PMP resin, 346f Trogamid CX7323 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 296f at 40°C, 296f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 297f at 40°C, 297f INDEX 489Trogamid T5000 internal pressure creep of filter cups, 296f isochronous stress-strain at 20°C, 295f at 80°C, 295f U Udel P-1700 apparent creep modulus vs. time at various temperatures, 467f tensile creep strain vs. time in air at 99°C, 465f at 149°C, 466f tensile creep strain vs. time in water at 23°C, 466f at 60°C, 467f Ultem 1000 chemical structure, 215f creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 216f at 60°C, 217f at 100°C, 217f at 150°C, 218f Ultem 2200 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 218f at 60°C, 219f at 100°C, 219f at 150°C, 220f Ultem 2400 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 220f at 60°C, 221f at 100°C, 221f at 150°C, 222f Ultem 5000 series, chemical structure, 214f Ultem 6000 series, chemical structure, 215f Ultem CRS5001 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 224f at 60°C, 225f at 100°C, 225f at 150°C, 226f Ultem PEI resins creep modulus vs. time at 23°C and 34.5 MPa stress, 223f creep modulus vs. time at 23°C and 48.3 MPa stress, 222f creep modulus vs. time at 82°C and 23.6 MPa stress, 224f creep modulus vs. time at 82°C and 34.5 MPa stress, 223f Ultem XH6050 chemical structure, 215f creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 226f at 127°C, 227f at 150°C, 227f Ultradur B4300 G6 isochronous stress at 140°C, 172f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 171f at 60°C, 172f at 100°C, 172f Ultradur B4520 isochronous stress 0 at 60°C, 171f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 171f at 100°C, 171f Ultraform H4320, 122f Ultraform N2200 G43 creep modulus vs. time curves at 23°C, 124f isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°C, 123f at 40°C, 123f at 80°C, 123f at 100°C, 123f at 120°C, 124f Ultraform N2200 G53 creep modulus vs. time curves at 23°C, 126f at 40°C, 127f isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°C, 125f at 40°C, 125f at 60°C, 125f at 80°C, 125f at 100°C, 126f at 120°C, 126f Ultraform N2320 003 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 121f tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 122f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 121f Ultraform N2720 and M210 creep modulus vs. time curves at 23°C, 128f isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°C, 127f at 60°C, 127f at 120°C, 128f Ultraform N2720 M63 creep modulus vs. time curves at 23°C, 130f at 40°C, 130f isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°C, 129f at 40°C, 129f at 60°C, 129f at 100°C, 129f Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), 321 Ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), 321 Ultramid A 3K isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 284f at 120°C, 284f Ultramid A 3WG10 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 284f at 120°C, 284f Ultramid B5, 249f Ultrason E 2010 1000-h isochronous stress-strain at various temperatures, 434f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C and at various stress levels, 435f at 140°C and at various stress levels, 435f Ultrason E 2010 C6, 438f Ultrason E 2010 G4, 436f Ultrason E 2010 G6 creep strain vs. time curves at 23°C, 436f at 180°C, 437f tensile creep strength in water vs. time at various temperatures, 437f Ultrason E-3010 tensile creep strength in water vs. time at 23°C and various stress levels, 438f at 140°C and various stress levels, 439f at 180°C and various stress levels, 439f Ultrason P 3010 elongation-time curves at 23°C, 471f elongation-time curves at 180°C, 472f long-term hydrostatic strength at various temperatures, 472f Ultrason S 2010 1000-h isochronous stress-strain at various temperatures, 460f hoop stress vs. time, 461f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 460f at 140°C, 461f Ultrason S 2010 G4, 463f Ultrason S 2010 G6 tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 463f at 140°C, 464f tensile creep strength vs. time, 464f Ultrason S 2010 G8, 465f Ultrason S 3010 creep strength vs. time, 462f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 462f Unsaturation. See Molecular unsaturation UV/radiation stabilizers, 34 490 INDEXV Valox 508 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 206f at 60°C, 207f at 82°C, 207f at 121°C, 208f Van der Waals forces, 2728 Vectra A130, 198f Vectra A950, 197f Vectra B130, 199f Vectra C130, 200f Vectra E130i, 200f Vectra H140, 201f Veradel A-200A apparent creep modulus vs. time at a stress of 20.7 MPa, 440f 1000-h isochronous stress-strain at various temperatures, 440f Veradel A-201, 441f Veradel AG-230, 441f, 442f Vertron MV00AS, 345f Vertron MV006S, 343f Vertron MV008S creep strain vs. time 23°C, 343f 50°C, 344f 70°C, 344f Very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), 321 Vespel SP21-15% graphite filled PI resin creep modulus vs. time at various temperatures and stress, 239f creep strain vs. time at various temperatures, 238f Vespel SP21-unfilled PI resin creep modulus vs. time at various temperatures and stress, 238f creep strain vs. time at various temperatures, 237f Vespel SP22 creep modulus vs. time at various temperatures and stress, 240f creep strain vs. time at various temperatures, 239f Vespel thermoplastic PI resins, 244f Vespel TP-8000 series, chemical structure, 236f Vespel TP-8054, 240f Vespel TP-8130, 241f Vespel TP-8212, 241f Vespel TP-8311, 242f Vespel TP-8395, 242f Vespel TP-8549, 243f Vespel TP-8792, 243f Vestamid D16 tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 289f at 60°C, 289f at 100°C, 290f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 287f at 60°C, 288f at 100°C, 288f VESTAMID E40-S3 PEBA resin tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 369f tensile creep strain vs. time at 60°C, 369f tensile creep strain vs. time at 80°C, 370f VESTAMID E47-S3 PEBA resin tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 370f tensile creep strain vs. time at 60°C, 371f tensile creep strain vs. time at 80°C, 371f Vestamid L2124 tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 264f at 60°C, 264f at 100°C, 265f tensile creep vs. time at 23°C, 262f at 60°C, 263f at 100°C, 263f Vestamid L2140 tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 261f at 60°C, 261f at 100°C, 262f tensile creep vs. time at 23°C, 259f at 60°C, 260f at 100°C, 260f Vestamid L-GF30 tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 267f at 60°C, 267f at 100°C, 268f tensile creep vs. time at 23°C, 265f at 60°C, 266f at 100°C, 266f Vestamid VX7099 tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 291f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 290f Vestodur 2000 tensile creep modulus curves at 23°C, 164f at 100°C, 164f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 163f at 100°C, 163f Vestodur GF30 tensile creep modulus at 23°C, 168f at 100°C, 168f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 167f at 100°C, 167f Vestodur HI19 tensile creep modulus at 23°C, 166f at 100°C, 166f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 165f at 100°C, 165f Vestodur HI19-GF30 tensile creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 170f at 100°C, 170f tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 169f at 100°C, 169f Vestoran creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 138f creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 138f Victrex 450CA30 tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C and various stress levels, 415f at 150°C and various stress levels, 416f Victrex 450G tensile creep strain vs. time at 23°C and various stress levels, 414f at 150°C and various stress levels, 415f Victrex HT, 422f Victrex PEEK resins hoop stress vs. time at 23°C, 417f hoop stress vs. time at 150°C, 417f tensile creep modulus vs. time at various temperatures and various strain, 416f Victrex ST G45, 423f Von Mises equivalent stress formula, 4 X Xenoy, 208f Xenoy 6370 creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 209f at 60°C, 209f at 90°C, 210f Y Young’s modulus, 39 Z Zenite 6130 BK010 isochronous stress-strain at 100°C after annealing at 250°C, 198f as molded, 199f Zytel 101 flexural creep modulus vs. time at 23°C, 273f at 60°C, 273f flexural creep strain vs. time at 23°C, 272f INDEX 491Zytel 101 (Continued) flexural isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 272f isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 271f at 60°C, 271f at 100°C, 272f Zytel 101F creep in flexure vs. time at 60°C, 274f at 125°C, 274f Zytel 70G13 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 276f at 60°C, 276f Zytel 70G30HSLR isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 276f at 80°C, 277f at 100°C, 277f Zytel 70G33HS1L, 278f Zytel 70G33L isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 277f at 125°C, 277f Zytel 70G43L isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 282f at 60°C, 282f at 100°C, 282f at 125°C, 282f Zytel 73G30L NC010 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 251f at 60°C, 251f at 90°C, 252f Zytel 77G43L isochronous stress-strain in flexure at 23°C, 292f at 125°C, 292f Zytel 158L NC010 isochronous stress-strain in flexure at 23°C, 291f at 60°C, 291f Zytel 408HS, 275f Zytel 408HSL flexural isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 275f at 125°C, 275f Zytel 408L, 275f
كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net The Unzip Password : books-world.net أتمنى أن تستفيدوا من محتوى الموضوع وأن ينال إعجابكم رابط من موقع عالم الكتب لتنزيل كتاب The Effect of Creep and Other Time Related Factors on Plastics and Elastomers رابط مباشر لتنزيل كتاب The Effect of Creep and Other Time Related Factors on Plastics and Elastomers
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