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عدد المساهمات : 18984 التقييم : 35458 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب The Effect of Creep and other Time Related Factors on Plastics and Elastomers الأحد 23 أبريل 2023, 12:28 am | |
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أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب The Effect of Creep and other Time Related Factors on Plastics and Elastomers Laurence W. McKeen
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgments 1. Introduction to Creep, Polymers, Plastics and Elastomers 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Types of Stress 1.3 Basic Concepts of Creep 1.4 Plastics and Polymers 1.5 Plastic Compositions 1.6 Mechanisms of Creep of Plastics 1.7 Poisson’s Ratio 1.8 Using Creep Data in Plastic Product Design 1.9 Summary References 2. Styrenic Plastics 2.1 Polystyrene 2.2 Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate 2.3 Styrene Acrylonitrile 2.4 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene 2.5 Methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene 2.6 Styrene Maleic Anhydride 2.7 Styrenic Block Copolymers 2.8 Styrenic Blends and Alloys References 3. Polyether Plastics 3.1 Polyoxymethylene (POM or Acetal Homopolymer) 3.2 Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-Co or Acetal Copolymer) 3.3 Modified Polyphenylene Ether/Polyphenylene Oxides References 4. Polyesters 4.1 Polycarbonate 4.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate 4.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate 4.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers 4.5 Polycyclohexylene-Dimethylene Terephthalate 4.6 Polyphthalate Carbonate 4.7 Polyester Blends and Alloys References 5. Polyimides 5.1 Polyetherimide 5.2 Polyamide-Imide 5.3 Polyimide 5.4 Imide Polymer Blends References 6. Polyamides (Nylons) 6.1 Nylon 6 (PA 6) 6.2 Nylon 11 (PA 11) 6.3 Nylon 12 (PA 12) 6.4 Nylon 46 (PA 46) 6.5 Nylon 66 (PA 66) 6.6 Nylon 610 (PA 610) 6.7 Nylon 612 (PA 612) 6.8 Nylon 6/66 6.9 Nylon Amorphous 6.10 Polyarylamide 6.11 Polyphthalamide References 7. Polyolefins and Acrylics 7.1 Polyethylene 7.2 Polypropylene 7.3 Polymethylpentene 7.4 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer 7.5 Rigid PVC 7.6 Polyacrylics References 8. Thermoplastic Elastomers 8.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers 8.2 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers 8.3 Thermoplastic Polyether Olefin Elastomers 8.4 Thermoplastic Polyether Block Amide Elastomers References 9. Fluoropolymers 9.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene 9.2 Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene 9.3 Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene 9.4 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene 9.5 Perfluoro Alkylvinylether (PFA/MFA) 9.6 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene 9.7 Polyvinylidene Fluoride References 10. High-Temperature Polymers 10.1 Polyketones 10.2 Polyethersulfone 10.3 Polyphenylene Sulfide 10.4 Polysulfone 10.5 Polyphenylsulfone References Appendix 1. Abbreviations Appendix 2. Unit Conversion Tables Pressure, Stress, Modulus Strain Index Accelerating creep stage, 5 Accumulated creep strain, 10 Acetal copolymer. See Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-Co) Acetal polymers. See Polyoxymethylene (POM) homopolymer Acrylics, 293-296 Acrylite" H15, 294-295 Diakon CLG356, 295 Diakon' CMG302, 295 Diakon LG 156, 293 Diakon' ST45G8, 295 product comparisons, 295-296 Acrylite" H15, 294-295 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), 22, 34, 55-61. See also Lustran" ABS 446; Magnum' 1040 Cycolac" G360, 57 Cycolac'" X37, 58 direct comparison of ABS resins, 61 Toyolac" 100, 57 Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), 33-34,42-47. See also Luran'" S 757 R; Luran'" S 776 S; Luran'" S 778 T Addition polymerization, 19 Additives, 23-25, 27 Adipic Acid, 198 Alloys, polyester, 118, 161-165 Alternating copolymer, 19 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 17-18 ASTM D 1693-08, 18 ASTM D2561, 18 ASTM D2990-01, 17 ASTM D5592-94(2002)el, 17 ISO 1167, 17 ISO 1167-1:2006, 17 ISO 1167-2:2006, 17 ISO 22088-1 :2006, 18 ISO 3384:2005, 17 ISO 6914:2004,17 ISO 899-1 :2003, 17 ISO 899-2:2003, 17 Amilan' CMlO11G-30, 207 Amilan' CM1011G-45, 208 Aminolauric acid, 198 Aminoundecanoic acid, 198 Amodel'" A-1133 HS, 246-247 Amodel'" A-1145 HS, 249 Amodel" A-1160 HS, 254 Amodel'" ET-I000, 243 Amorphous nylon, 201 chemical structure of, 202 Amorphous polyamide, 240-241 Grilamid" TR55, 241 Grilamid'" TR90, 241 Trogamid" T5000, 240 Antiblocking agents, 23 Antistatic agents, 24 Apparent creep modulus, 8-9 Apparent modulus, 9 Axial or longitudinal stress, 3 Bayblend'" T85, 67-70 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 67 at 40°C, 67 at 60°C, 68 at 80°C, 68 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 68 at 40°C, 69 at 60°C, 69 at 80°C, 70 Bayblend'" T88-2N, 72-74 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 72 at 40°C, 72 at 60°C, 72 at 90°C, 72 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 73 at 40°C, 73 at 60°C, 74 at 90°C, 74 Bayblend" T88-4N, 75-77 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 75 at 40°C, 75 at 60°C, 75 at 90°C, 75 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 76 at 40°C, 76 at 60°C, 77 at 90°C, 77 Bending stress. See Flexural stress Index 395396 Biphenol Diamine (BP Diamine), 169 Biphenol diamine PMDA polyetherimide, 168 4, 4'-Bisphenol A dianhydride (BPADA)-PPD polyetherimide, 168 BPADA-DDS polyetherimide, 168 BPADA-MPD polyetherimide, 168 BPADA-PMDA-MPD copolyetherimide, 169 Blends, 22 polyester blends, 118, 161-165 styrenic blends, 35, 67-81. See also Bayblend" T85; Bayblend'" T88-2N; Bayblend" T88-4N; Cycoloy C1000; Luran S KR 2861-1; Terblend'" N NM-19; Terblend N NG-02 Block copolymer, 19-20 Branched polymers, 20 creep mechanisms for, 26 Cantilever beam bending, 2-3 Capro1actam, 198 Catalysts, 23-24 Celanex'" 2300 GV/30, 131 Celanex'" 2500, 123 Celanex'" 3210, 129 Celanex" 3300,131-132, 140 Celazole" PBI, 339 Celcon" GB25, 106 Celcon'" GC25A, 104 Celcon" M90, 94-95 isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°C, 94 at 40°C, 94 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 94 at 40°C, 95 Celcon'" M270, 93 Celcon" TX90PLUS, 98 Combustion modifiers, 23 Composites, 23-24 Compressive stress, 1-2 Condensation polymerization, 19-20 Copolymers, 19-20 alternating, 19 block, 19 graft, 19 random, 19 Coupling agents, 25 Crastin" LW9020, 163 Crastin" LW9030, 164 Crastin" S600FlO NCOlO, 123 Crastin" SK601, 129 Crastin'" SK603, 130 Crastin" SK605, 134 Crastin" SK609, 138 isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°C, 138 at 60°C, 138 Crastin'" ST820 NCOlO, 128 Crastin'" T805, 135 Crastin" T841FR, 139 Crastin'" T843FR, 139 Creep basic concepts, 4-18 categories, 5-6 of metals, 4 regions of, 5-6 stages, 5-6 Crosslinked polyethylene (PEX), 265, 278-279 commercial methods for producing, 265 generic PEX, 278-279 Crosslinked polymers, 20 creep mechanisms for, 26 Crystalline versus amorphous plastics, 21-22 Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), 266-267, 293 Cycolac'" G360, 57 Cycolac" X37, 58 Cycoloy C1000, 70-72 tensile creep strain versus time at 23°C, 70 at 60°C, 71 at 90°C, 71 Data, creep categories, 5 first stage of, 5 isochronous creep, 7 isometric curves, 8 primary, 5 steady state, 5 tertiary creep, 5 three-dimensional plot, 7 two-dimensional plots, 7 Delrin" 100, 500, 900, 84-86 isochronous flexural stress-strain at 23°C, 84 at 45°C, 85 at 85°C, 85 at 100°C, 85 Delrin 100ST NCOlO, 86-88 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 86 at 40°C, 86 at 60°C, 87 at 80°C, 87 Delrin" 510GR NCOOO, 88-90 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 88 at 40°C, 88 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 89 at 60°C, 89 at 90°C, 90 INDEXINDEX Delrin 520MP NCOIO, 90-91 isochronous stress-strain at zs-c, 90 at 60°C, 90 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 91 at 60°C, 91 Diakon' CLG356, 295 Diakon' CMG302, 295 Diakon' LG156, 293 Diakon' ST45G8, 295 Diamino Diphenyl Sulfone (DDS), 169 1, 12-Dodecanediotic Acid, 198 Dyes, 25 Dylark'" 480P16, 63-64 flexural creep strain versus time at noc, 63 tensile creep strain versus stress at 23°C, 64 Dylark" SMA resins, 64 Elastic modulus, 8-9 Elastic recovery, 4 Elastollan'" 1164 D, 299 Elastollan'" 1185 A, 299 Elastollan'" C 64 D, 300 Elastollan" C 85 A, 300 Elastollan" R 3000, 301 Elastomers, 1-30,22-23 Environmental stress cracking (ESC), 12-17 performance expectations, 16-17 generalizations about, 16 tests for, 12-17 single cantilever test, 13-14 tensile creep rupture test, 15-16 three point bending test, 14 Equivalent stress, 3 Ethylene-methacrylic acid (EMAA), 267 Extenders, 25 Extruded polystyrene (XPS), 33 Failure, creep, 10 Fiberloc 87241, 291 Fillers, 23 Finite element analysis, 29-30 Fire retardants, 23 Flame retardants, 23 Flexural creep, 4 Flexural stress, 2-3 cantilever beam bending, 2-3 occurrence, 2 simple bending, 2 Fluon G163, 317 Fluon PAI025Z, 318 Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), 310-311, 323-327. See also Teflon" FEP Fluoropolymers, 309-336. See also Fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP); Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 397 melting points of, 312 perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), 311 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), 311 polyethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (E-CTFE), 310, 319-321 polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), 310 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 311-312 THV,312 Fortron'" 1140L4, 349-354 isochronous stress-strain of at noc, 349 at 120°C, 349 at 150°C, 350 at 200°C, 350 tensile creep modulus versus time of at 23°C, 352 at 120°C, 353 at 150°C, 353 at 200°C, 354 tensile creep strain versus time of at noc, 350 at 120°C, 351 at 150°C, 351 at 200°C, 352 Fortron" 6165A4, 357-361 isochronous stress-strain of at zs-c, 357 at 120°C, 357 at 150°C, 357 at 200°C, 357 tensile creep modulus versus time of at 23°C, 360 at 120°C, 360 at 150°C, 361 at 200°C, 361 tensile creep strain versus time of at zs-c, 358 at 120°C, 358 at 150°C, 359 at 200°C, 359 Generic PEX, 278-279 GHR 8110, 288-289 GHR UHMWPE, 289-290 Graft copolymer, 19-20 Grilamid" LV-3H, 219 Grilamid" TR55, 241 Grilamid'" TR90, 241 Grivory" GC-4H, 248 Grivory" GM-4H, 248 Grivory'" GV-5H, 250-251 Grivory" GV-6H, 255 Grivory" HT2V-3H, 245 Grivory" HT2V-5H, 252 Grivoryf HTV-3Hl, 244 Grivory" HTV-5Hl, 253398 Grivory'" XE3876, 244-245 GUR 4120,286-287 GUR 4152,287-288 GUR, 289-290 Ha1ar E-CTFE, 319-321 stress relaxation versus temperature of, 321 tensile creep strain versus time of at 23°C, 319 at 75°C, 319 at 125°C, 320 at 150°C, 320 Hard phase plastic properties, 297 Heterophasic copolymers, 265 High density polyethylene (HDPE), 264, 267-269 density 0.945 g/cm', isochronous stress-strain of, 267 at 23°C, 267 at 40°C, 267 at 80°C, 268 density 0.948 g/cm'', tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 268 at 40°C, 269 density 0.954 g/cm'', isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 272 at 40°C, 272 at 80°C, 272 density 0.960 g/cm'', isochronous stress-strain of at 23°C, 275 at 40°C, 275 at 80°C, 275 High impact polystyrene (HIPS), 20, 33 creep curves at 20°C, 40 in stress cracking testing of, 42 High-temperature polymers, 337-372 Homophasic copolymers, 265 Homopolymers, 265 Hoop stress, 3-4 Hostaform'" C 2521, 95 Hostaform'" C 9021, 92-93, 105 flexural creep modulus at various temperatures, 93 tensile creep curves at 23°C, 92 time compression stress curves at 20°C, 92 Hostaform'" S 9063, 99 Hostalen" CRP 100, 273-274 hoop stress versus time at various temperatures of, 274 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 273 at 40°C, 274 Hostalen" GM 5010 T3, 269-270 hoop stress versus time at various temperatures of, 270 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 269 at 40°C, 270 Hostalen" H1022, 282 INDEX Hostalen'" H2150, 279-280 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 279 at 40°C, 279 at 60°C, 280 at 80°C, 280 Hostalen" H2222, 280 Hostalen" H2250, 281 Hostalen'" H52l6, 281 Hyflon PFA M620, 330 Hyflon" PFA M720, 331 Hyflon'" PFA P220, 329 Hyflon'" PFA P420, 330 Hytrel5526, 303-304 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 303 at 40°C, 303 at 80°C, 303 Hytrelf 6356, 304-305 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 304 at 40°C, 304 at 80°C, 305 Hytrel" 7246, 306-307 Imide polymer blends, 170-171 Immiscible blends, 22 Impact copolymers (heterophasic copolymers), 265 Impact modifiers, 23-24 Impet" 330R, 144 Impetf 61OR, 142 Isochronous creep, 7 Isometric curves, 8-9 Isophthalic acid (IPA), 201 Isophthalic Acid, 198 IXEF 1022, 260 IXEF 1032,261 Kynar'" PVDF, 336 Lexan'" 101, 119 Lexan'" 141R, 119-120 Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), 264 Linear polymers, 20 creep mechanisms for, 26 Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), 116-118, 157-160 monomers to make, 117 Vectra" ABO, 157 Vectra" B130, 159 Vectra" C130, 159 Vectra" E130i, 160 Vectra" H140, 160 Zenite'" 6130 BKOlO, 158 Log-log scales, 9 Low density polyethylene (LDPE), 264 Lubricants, 23INDEX Lubricomp" DFL-4036, 121-122 creep strain versus time at 23°e, 121 at zo-e. 122 at 120oe, 122 Lupolen'" 5031L, 271 isochronous stress-strain of at 23°e, 271 at ao-c, 271 Lupolen'" 5261Z, 273 Lupolen" 6031M, 276 Luran S KR 2861-1,81 isochronous stress-strain at 23°e, 81 at so-c, 81 Luran'" 378 P G7, 50-53 creep modulus versus time at 23°e, 51 at -o-c, 52 at so-c, 52 at so-c, 53 isochronous stress-strain at 23°e, 50 at 40oe, 50 at so-c, 51 at so-c, 51 Luran'" 378 P, 47-50 creep modulus versus time at 23°e, 48 at 40 oe, 49 at 60 oe, 49 at so-c, 50 isochronous stress-strain at 23°e, 47 at 40 oe, 47 at 60 oe, 48 at 80oe, 48 Luran'P S 757 R, 42-45 creep modulus versus time at 23°e, 43 at 40oe, 44 at 60 oe, 44 at 80oe, 45 isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°e, 42 at 40 oe, 42 at 60 oe, 43 at 80oe, 43 Luran'" S 776 S, 47 Luran" S 778 T, 45-46 creep modulus versus time at 23°e, 46 at 60oe, 46 isochronous stress-strain at 23°e, 45, 47 at 60 oe, 45 at 70oe, 47 Lustran" ABS 446, 55-56 creep strain versus time at 23°e, 55 at -o-c, 55 at 60oe, 56 at so-c, 56 Magnum 1040,58-60 creep modulus versus time at 23°e, 59 at 50oe, 60 at 80°C, 60 isochronous stress-strain at 23°e, 58 at so-c, 58 at so-c, 59 Maximum surface strain, 14 Measures of creep, 6-18 Medium density polyethylene (MDPE), 264 Melting points of fluoroplastics, 312 Mesh,29 Metals, creep properties, 4 Methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (MABS), 34, 62-63. See also Terlux" 2802 TR Methylene dianiline (MDA), 169 Mica, 25 Minlon'" lOB140 NeOlO, 228-229 creep strain in flexure versus time of at 23°e, 229 isochronous stress-strain of at 23°e, 228 at so-c, 228 at so-c, 228 at too-c. 228 Minlon 11e40 NeOlO, 229 Minlon 12T, 227 Minlon'" 20B, 230 Minlon'" 73M30 NeOlO, 207-208 Modulus, creep, 8-9 Moire fringe extensometer, 15 Molecular weight, polymers, 20-21 M-Phenylene Diamine (MPD), 169 Multiphase polymer blends, 22 Neoflon" M-300H, 332 Neoflon' M-400H, 332 Nodes, 29 Non-fibrous fillers, 23 Normal stress, 1 Noryl'" 731, 112 Noryl'? GFN1, 113 Noryl'" GFN2, 113 Noryl'" GTX964W, 111 Nylon 6,198-199 characteristics of, 198 chemical structure of, 199 Nylon 11, 199 399400 Nylon 12, 199 Nylon 46, 201 chemical structure of, 206 Nylon 66, 199-200 Nylon 610, 200 structure of, 20 I Nylon 612, 200-201 structure of, 20 I Nylon 666 or 66/6, 201 Oxydianiline (aDA), 169 Particulate fillers, 23 Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), 311, 328-331. See also Hyflon" PFA P220; Teflon PFA Hyflon" PFA M620, 330 Hyflon'" PFA M720, 331 Hyflon" PFA P420, 330 PFA resins, comparison, 331 Peroxide (or Engel) method (PEX-a), 265 Pigments, 25 Plasticizers, 24-25 Plastics, 1-30,33-81. See also Styrenic plastics creep in, mechanisms, 25-27 branched or crosslinked polymers, 26 linear polymers, 26 reinforced plastics, 26 Poisson's ratio, 27-28 Polyacrylics, 267 Polyamide (PA), 35 Polyamide 6 (PA 6, Nylon 6), 204-208 Amilan' CMIOIIG-30, 207 Amilan' CMIOIIG-45, 208 Minlon" 73M30 NCOIO, 207-208 Stat-Kon PC-I006, 206 Thermocomp'" PF-1004, 204 Thermocomp'" PF-I006 (PF006), 206 Ultramid" B5, 204 Zytel 73G30L NCOIO, 205 Polyamide II (PA II, Nylon 11),209-210 Rilsan PA II resins, 209 Polyamide 12 (PA 12, Nylon 12),210-219. See also Vestamid" L2140; Vestamid'" L2124; Vestamid'" L-GF30 Grilamid" LV-3H, 219 Polyamide 46 (PA 46, Nylon 46),242-243 generic grades of, comparison, 243-259 Stanyl'" PA 46, 243 Stanyl" TW200F8, 242 Stanyl" TW300, 242 Polyamide 66 (PA 66, Nylon 66), 220-232. See also Ultramid'P A 3K; Zytel'" 101 Minlon" 10B140 NCOIO, 228-229 Minlon'" l1C40 NCOIO, 229 Minlon'" 12T, 227 Minlon'" 20B, 230 Ultramid'" A 3WG10, 232 Zytel 408HS, 223 Zytel 408L, 223 Zytel 70G13, 224 Zytel'" 70G30HSLR, 225 Zytel 70G33HSIL, 227 Zytel 70G33L 33, 226 Zytel 70G43L, 231 Polyamide 610 (PA 610, Nylon 610), 233-234 Thermocornp" QF006 (QF-I006), 233 Thermocomp" QF008 (QF-1008), 233 Thermocomp'" QF012 (QF-100-12), 234 Polyamide 612 (PA 612, Nylon 612), 234-239. See also Vestamid'" D16; Zytel'" 158L NCOIO Vestamid" VX7099, 238 Zytel" 77G43L, 239 Polyamide-imide (PAl), 167-170, 187-192 Torlon'" 4203L, 187 Torlon 4275, 189-190 Torlon" 4301, 188 Torlon 4375, 189 Torlon 5030, 190 Torlon" 7130, 191-192 Polyamides/Nylons, 197-262. See also individual Nylon entries diacids used to make, 198 diamines used to make, 198 monomers used to make, 197 Polyarylamide (PAA), 202, 260-261 IXEF 1022, 260 IXEF 1032,261 Polybenzimidazole (PBI), 339 Polybutadiene, 22 Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), 22, 115-116, 123-141,170 Celanex" 2300 GV/30, 131 Celanex'? 2500, 123 Celanex'" 3210, 129 Celanex'" 3300, 131-132 Crastin'" S600FIO NCOI0, 123 Crastin" SK601, 129 Crastin'" SK603, 130 Crastin'" SK605, 134 Crastin" SK609, 138 Crastin" ST820 NCOIO, 128 Crastin" T805, 135 Crastin'" T841FR, 139 Crastinf T843FR, 139 performance properties, 115 product comparisons of PBT Resins, 140-141 Ultradur'" B4300 G6, 135-136 Ultradurf B4520, 127-128 Vestodur'" 2000, 124-125 Vestodur" GF30, 132-134 Vestodur'" HI19, 126-127 Vestodur'" HI19-GF30, 137-138 INDEXINDEX Polycarbonate (PC), 35,115,119-122 Lexan'" 101, 119 Lexan" 141R, 119-120 Lubricomp'" DFL-4036, 121-122 performance properties, 115 Thermocomp" DF-1006, 120-121 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), 311, 332 Polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT), 118 Polyesters, 115-165. See also Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs); Polycarbonate (PC); Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT); Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) formation, 115-116 Polyether block amide (PEBA) elastomers, 298 Polyether plastics, 83-113 modified polyphenylene ether/polyphenylene oxides (PPE or PPO), 84 Polyoxymethylene (POM), 83 Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-Co), 83-84, 92-110 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), 170, 337, 340-343 Victrex" 450CA30, 341 Victrex'" 450G, 340 Polyetherimide (PEl), 167, 171-186. See also Ultem'" 1000; Ultem 2200; Ultem 2400; Ultem PEl resins; Vespel TP-8054; Vespel" TP-8130; Vespel'" TP-8212; Vespel" TP-8311; Vespel TP-8395; Vespel TP-8549; Vespel'" TP-8792 PEl resins, product comparison, 184-186 Ultem" CRS5001, 181-182 Ultem" XH6050, 183-184 Polyethersulfone (PES), 337-338, 343-348 Radel A-200A, 345 Radel" AG-230, 346-347 Sumika Excel'" 4101GL30, 347-348 Ultrason" E 2010 G4, 346 Ultrason" E 2010 G6, 348 Ultrason'" E 2010, 343-344 Polyethylene (PE), 263-265, 267-278 classifications, 263 High density polyethylene (HDPE), 264, 267-269 Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), 264 Low density polyethylene (LDPE), 264 Medium density polyethylene (MDPE), 264 Ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), 263 Very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), 264 crystallinity, 264-265 Hostalen'" CRP 100, 273-274 Hostalen" GM 5010 T3, 269-270 Lupolen'" 5031L, 271 Lupolen'" 5261Z, 273 Lupolen'" 6031M, 276 products, comparison, 277-278 Polyethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (E-CTFE), 310, 319-321 Halar E-CTFE, 319-321 401 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), 19, 116, 142-157, 170 Impet'" 330R, 144 Impet" 61OR, 142 Rynite" 415HP, 142-143 Rynite" 530, 145-146 Rynite'" 545,153-154 Rynite" 555,154-157 Rynite" 935, 147-149 Rynite" 940, 149-150 Rynitef FR515, 143-144 Rynite" FR530, 146-147 Rynite'" FR943, 150-151 Rynite" SST35, 152-153 Polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), 310, 321-322 Tefzel'" ETFE HT-2004, 322 Tefzel" ETFE, 321 Polyimide (PI), 170, 192-195 Vespel" SPl, 192-193 Vespel" SP21, 193-194 Vespel" SP22, 194-195 Polymerization, 19. See also Addition polymerization; Condensation polymerization; Copolymers Polymers, 18-25 Polymethyl methacrylate, 22 Polymethylpentene (PMP), 266, 286 Polyolefins, 263-296 Polyoxymethylene (POM) homopolymer, 83, 84-91. See also Delrin 100, 500, 900; Delrin" 100ST NCOIO; Delrin'" 510GR NCOOO; Delrin 520MP NCO10 Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-Co), 83-84, 92-110. See also Hostaform" C 9021; Ultraformf N2200 G43; Ultraform'" N2200 G53 Celcon'" M270, 93 Celcon" M90, 94-95 Celcon'" TX90PLUS, 98 Hostaform" C 2521, 95 Hostaform'" S 9063, 99 Ultraform'" H4320, 97 Ultraform" N2320 003,96-97 Polyphenylene ether (PPE), 84 Polyphenylene oxides (PPO), 84 Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), 338, 349-363. See also Fortron" 1140L4; Fortron'" 6165A4; Ryton'" R-4 cured PPS, 338 generic and product comparison, 362-363 HMW branched PPS, 338 HMW linear PPS, 338 properties of, 338 regular PPS, 338 Ryton" A-200PPS, 349 Ryton'" R-7, 356 Ryton" R-IO, 356 Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), 339, 369-372. See also Radel" R-5000402 Polyphthalamide/high-performance polyamide (PPA), 201-202,243-259 Amodel" A-1133 HS, 246-247 Amodel'" A-I 145 HS, 249 Amodel'" A-1160 HS, 254 Amodel'" ET-l 000, 243 Grivory" Ge-4H, 248 Grivory'" GM-4H, 248 Grivory'? GV-5H, 250-251 Grivory'" GV-6H, 255 Grivory'" HT2V-3H, 245 Grivory'" HT2V-5H, 252 Grivory'" HTV-3Hl, 244 Grivory" HTV-5Hl, 253 Grivory" XE3876, 244-245 PPA resins, comparison, 256-259 apparent flexural creep modulus versus time, 256-259 flexural creep strain versus time by dynamic mechanical analysis, 256 Polyphthalamides, 203 Polyphthalate carbonate (PPC), 118, 161 Polypropylene (PP), 265-266, 279-285 homopolymers, 265 Hostalen'" H1022, 282 Hostalen'" H2150, 279-280 Hostalen'" H2222, 280 Hostalen'" H2250, 281 Hostalen'" H5216, 281 impact copolymers (heterophasic copolymers), 265 random copolymers (homophasic copolymers), 265 Verton" MV006S, 283 Verton" MV008S, 284-285 Verton" MVOOAS, 285 Polystyrene (PS), 22, 33, 36-42 extruded polystyrene (XPS), 33 general-purpose PS resins, 41 generic products and direct comparison of PS resins, 40-42 high impact polystyrene (HIPS), 33 polystyrene 168 N, 39 creep strain curves at 20°C, 40 polystyrene 454 C, 37-39 creep modulus versus time at 23°C of, 38 creep modulus versus time at 40°C of, 38 creep modulus versus time at 60°C of, 39 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C of, 37 isochronous stress-strain at 40°C of, 37 isochronous stress-strain at 60°C of, 37 polystyrene 456 F, 40 creep rupture curves at various temperatures, 40 polystyrol 143 E, 36 creep modulus versus time at 23°C of, 36 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C of, 36 Poly sulfone (PSU), 338-339, 364-369 Udel P-1700, 366-368 INDEX Ultrason" S 2010, 364-365 Ultrason" S 2010 G4, 368 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 309-310, 313-318 Fluon'" 0163,317 Fluon PA1025Z, 318 Teflon PTFE, 313-316 Poly trimethylene terephthalate (PTT), 118 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 291-292 Fiberloc' 87241, 291 rigid PVC, 266 Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 311-312, 333-336. See also Solef'" 1010 Kynar'" PVDF, 336 Solef'" 8088/0902, 336 P-Phenylene diamine (PPD), 169 Primary creep region, 5 Product design, plastic, using creep data in, 27-30 Pseudo elastic design method, 28-29 Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 169 Radel A-200A, 345 Radel AG-230, 346-347 Radel" R-5000, 369-372 apparent creep modulus versus time of, 372 isochronous stress-strain curves of at 23°C, 369 at 95°C, 369 at 160°C, 370 tensile creep modulus versus time of at 23°C, 370 at 95°C, 371 at 160°C, 371 Radial stress, 3 Radiation or electron-beam method (PEX-c), 265 Random copolymer, 19-20, 265 Rapra tensile creep machine, 15-16 Reinforced plastics, creep mechanisms for, 26 Reinforcing fillers, 23 Release agents, 23 Rilsan PA 11 resins, 209 Rupture creep rupture, 10-11 in air and aggressive environments, 12 strength, 9-12 stress rupture, 10-11 Rynite'" 415HP, 142-143 Rynite'" 530, 145-146 Rynite'" 545, 153-154 Rynite'" 555,154-157 flexural creep strain versus time at a stress of 6.9 MPa, 154, 156 at a stress of 13.8 MPa, 155, 156 atastressof27.6MPa, 155, 157 Rynite" 935,147-149 flexural creep strain versus time at a stress of 6.9 MPa, 147INDEX at a stress of 13.8 MPa, 148 at a stress of 27.6 MPa, 149 Rynite" 940, 149-150 Rynite" FR515, 143-144 Rynite'" FR530, 146-147 Rynite'" FR943, 150-151 Rynite" SST35, 152-153 Ryton" A-200 PPS, 349 Ryton" R-4, 354-355 Ryton" R-7, 356 Ryton" R-lO, 356 Sebacic Acid, 198 Secant modulus, 28 Semi-crystalline polyamide (PACM 12),202-203, 261-262 Trogamid" CX7323, 261 Shear stress, 1-2 Silane method (PEX-b), 265 Single cantilever test, 13-14 Slip, 23 Smoke suppressants, 23 Soft phase elastomeric properties, 297 Solef 1010,333-335 hoop stress versus time of, 334 isochronous stress-strain versus time of at 23°C, 333 at 120°C, 333 at 140°C, 334 Solef 8088/0902, 336 Stanyl'" TW200F8, 242 Stanyl'" TW300, 242 Stat-Ken" PC-1006, 206 Steady state region, 5 Strain versus time creep behavior, 6 Strain, measurement, 6-8 Strength, creep, 9-12. See also Rupture strength Stress corrosion cracking (SCC), 14 Stress, measurement, 6-8 Stress. See also individual entries types of, 1-4 Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), 33134, 47-54. See also Luran" 378 P; Luran" 378 P G7 generic products and direct comparison of SAN resins, 53-54 Styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA), 34-35, 63-64. See also Dylark'" 480P16; Dylark'" SMA resins production, 35 Styrenic block copolymer (SBC), 35,65-67. See also Styrolux'" 656C Styrenic plastics, 33-81 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), 34, 55-61 acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), 33-34, 42-47 blends, 35, 67-81. See also Blends, styrenic 403 methy1methacrylate-aerylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (MABS), 34, 62-63 polystyrene, 33, 36-42 styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), 34, 47-54 styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA), 34-35, 63-64 styrenic block copolymers (SBCs), 35, 65-67 Styrolux" 656C, 65-67 creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 66 at 40°C, 66 at 60°C, 67 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 65 at 40°C, 65 at 60°C, 65 Sumika Excel4101GL30, 347-348 Surlyn, 267 Teflon FEP, 323-327 creep strain in compression versus time of at 23°C, 325 at 100°C, 325 stress relaxation versus time of at 23°C, 327 at 100°C, 327 tensile creep strain versus time of at -54°C, 323 at 23°C, 323 at 100°C, 324 at 175°C, 324 torsional creep strain versus time of at 23°C, 326 at 100°C, 326 Teflon NXT resins, 309 Teflon PFA, 328-329 tensile creep strain versus time of at 23°C, 328 at 100°C, 328 at 200°C, 329 Teflon" PTFE, 313-316 compressive creep strain versus time of at 23°C, 315 at 100°C, 315 shear creep strain versus time of at 23°C, 316 at 100°C, 316 tensile creep strain versus time of at -54°C, 313 at 23°C, 313 at 100°C, 314 at 200°C, 314 Tefzel'" ETFE HT-2004, 322 Tefzel ETFE, 321 Tensile creep rupture test, 15-16 Tensile creep, 4-5 Tensile stress, 1-2404 Terblend" N NG-02, 79-80 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 79 at 60°C, 79 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 80 at 60°C, 80 Terblend'" N NM-19, 78-79 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 78 at 40°C, 78 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 78 at 60°C, 79 Terephthalic acid (TPA), 198,201 Terlux'" 2802 TR, 62-63 creep modulus versus time at 60°C, 63 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 62 at 40°C, 62 at 60°C, 62 Tertiary creep region,S Thermal stabilizers, 25 Thermocomp'" DF-1006, 120-121 Thermocomp" PF-I004, 204 Thermocomp" PF-I006 (PF006), 206 Thermocomp'" QF006 (QF-1006), 233 Thermocomp'" QF008 (QF-1008), 233 Thermocomp'" QF012 (QF-100-12), 234 Thermoplastic copolyester elastomers (TPE-Es or COPEs), 301-307 Hytrel" 5526, 303-304 Hytrel 6356, 304-305 Hytrel'" 7246, 306-307 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 301 at 40°C, 302 at 80°C, 302 Thermoplastic elastomers, 297-307 'hard phase' plastic properties, 297 'soft phase' elastomeric properties, 297 polyether block amide (PEBA) elastomers, 298 Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs), 297-301 Elastollan'" 1164 D, 299 Elastollan 1185 A, 299 Elastollan e 64 D, 300 Elastollan e 85 A, 300 Elastollan R 3000, 301 Thermosets versus thermoplastics, 21 Three point bending test, 14 THV, 312 Ticona Vectra A950 Lep, 117 Time, measurement, 6-8 Topas'", 293 Torlon" 4203L, 187 Torlon4275, 189-190 Torlon" 4301, 188 INDEX Torlon'" 4375, 189 Torlon" 5030, 190 Torlon'" 7130, 191-192 Torque, 2 Torsional constant (K), 2 Torsional stress, 2 Tougheners, 23 Toyolac" 100, 57 TPX PMP Resin, 286 Trogamid'" eX7323, 261 Trogamid'" T5000, 240 Udel P-1700, 366-368 Ultem 1000, 171-173 creep strain versus time at 23°C, 171 at 60°C, 172 at 100°C, 173 at 150°C, 173 Ultem" 2200,173-175 creep strain versus time at 23°C, 173 at 60°C, 174 at 100°C, 174 at 150°C, 175 Ultem" 2400,175-177 creep strain versus time at 23°C, 175 at 60°C, 176 at 100°C, 176 at 150°C, 177 Ultem eRS5001, 181-182 creep strain versus time at 23°C, 181 at 60°C, 181 at 100°C, 182 at 150°C, 182 Ultem PEl resins apparent creep modulus versus time at 23°C and 34.5 MPa, 185 at 23°C and 48.3 MPa, 184 at 82°C and 23.6 MPa, 186 at 82°C and 34.5 MPa, 185 flexural creep strain versus time at 23°C and 48 MPa, 186 Ultem XH6050, 183-184 creep strain versus time at 23°C, 183 at 127°C, 183 at 150°C, 184 Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), 266,286-290 GHR 8110, 288-289 GHR UHMWPE, 289-290 GUR 4120,286-287 GUR 4152,287-288 GUR, 289-290INDEX Ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE), 263 Ultradur'" B4300 G6, 135-136 isochronous stress-strain at 23°e, 135 at so-c, 135 tensile creep strain versus time at 23°e, 136 at 100oe, 137 Ultradur'" B4520, 127-128 isochronous stress-strain at 23°e, 127 at so-c, 127 at 100oe, 128 Ultraform" H4320, 97 Ultraformf N2200 G43, 99-101 isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°e, 99 at «rc, 99 at so-c, 100 at 100oe, 100 at 120oe, 100 Ultraform" N2200 G53, 101-103 creep modulus versus time curves at 23°e, 103 at 40oe, 103 isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°e, 101 at -o-c, 101 at so-c, 102 at so-c, 102 at 100°C, 102 at 120oe, 102 Ultraform" N2320 003, 96--97 isochronous stress-strain at 23°e, 96 tensile creep strain versus time at 23°e, 96 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°e, 97 Ultraform'" N2720 M21O, 106--107 creep modulus versus time curves at 23°e, 107 isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°e, 106 at so-c, 106 at 120oe, 107 Ultraform" N2720 M63, 108-109 creep modulus versus time curves at 23°e, 109 at «rc, 109 isochronous stress-strain curves at 23°e, 108 at -o-c, 108 at so-c, 108 at 100oe, 108 Ultramid'P A 3K, 222 Ultramid'" A 3WG10, 232 Ultramid B5, 204 Ultrason'" E 2010 G4, 346 Ultrason" E 2010 G6, 348 Ultrason'" E 2010,343-344 Ultrason" S 2010 G4, 368 Ultrason'" S 2010, 364--365 UV stabilizers, 24 Valox'" 508, 161-163 creep strain versus time at 23°e, 161 at so-c, 162 at 82°e, 162 at 121°e, 163 Vectra'" ABO, 157 Vectra'" B130, 159 Vectra" e130, 159 Vectra'" E130i, 160 Vectra'" H140, 160 Verton* MV006S, 283 Verton" MV008S, 284--285 Verton* MVOOAS, 285 Very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), 264 Vespel'" SPl, 192-193 Vespel SP21, 193-194 Vespel SP22, 194-195 Vespel TP-8054, 177 Vespel TP-8130, 178 Vespel" TP-8212, 178 Vespel'" TP-8311, 179 Vespel'" TP-8395, 179 Vespel TP-8549, 180 Vespel'" TP-8792, 180 Vestamid" D16, 234--237 tensile creep strain versus time of at 23°e, 234 at so-c, 235 at 100oe, 235 tensile creep modulus versus time of at 23°e, 236 at so-c, 236 at 100oe, 237 Vestamid'" L2124, 213-216 tensile creep strain at various stresses of at 23°e, 213 at so-c, 214 at 100oe, 214 tensile creep modulus at various stresses of at 23°e, 215 at so-c, 215 at 100oe, 216 Vestamid'" L2140, 210-213 tensile creep strain at various stresses of at 23°e, 210 at eo-c. 211 at 100oe, 211 405406 tensile creep modulus at various stresses of at 23°C, 212 at 60°C, 212 at 100°C, 213 Vestamid" L-GF30, 216-219 tensile creep strain at various stresses of at 23°C, 216 at 60°C, 217 at 100°C, 217 tensile creep modulus at various stresses of at 23°C, 218 at 60°C, 218 at 100°C, 219 Vestamid" VX7099, 238 Vestodur'? 2000, 124-125 tensile creep strain versus time at 23°C, 124 at 100°C, 124 tensile creep modulus curves at 23°C, 125 at 100°C, 125 Vestodur" GF30, 132-134 tensile creep strain versus time at 23°C, 132 at 100°C, 133 tensile creep modulus at 23°C, 133 at 100°C, 134 Vestodur" HIl9, 126-127 tensile creep strain versus time at 100°C, 126 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 126 at 100°C, 127 Vestodur'" HIl9-GF30, 137-138 tensile creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 137 at 100°C, 138 Victrex" 450CA30, 341 Victrex" 450G Viscoelasticity, 30 Von Mises equivalent stress formula, 3 Xenoy" 6370, 164-165 Young's modulus, 28 Zenite" 6130 BKOIO, 158 Zytel 101,220-222 apparent flexural creep modulus versus time at 23°C, 221 at 60°C, 222 flexural creep strain versus time at 23°C, 221 flexural isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 220 isochronous stress-strain of at 23°C, 220 at 60°C, 220 at 100°C, 220 Zytel" 158L NCOIO, 237 Zytel'" 408HS, 223 Zytel'" 408L, 223 Zytel'" 70G 13, 224 Zytel'" 70G30HSLR, 225 Zytel 70G33HSu, 227 Zytel" 70G33L 33, 226 Zytel'" 70G43L, 231 Zytel'" 73G30L NCOIO, 205 isochronous stress-strain at 23°C, 205 at 60°C, 205 at 90°C, 205 Zytel'" 77G43L, 239 INDEX
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