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 |  موضوع: كتاب Rotational Moulding of Plastics الإثنين 23 سبتمبر 2019, 9:19 am | |
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أحضرت لكم كتاب
Rotational Moulding of Plastics
Edited by
R. J. Crawford
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents
Introduction to Rotational Moulding
R.J.Crawford
Chapter 1
11
1. Introduction
2. Materials
3. Rotational moulding machines
4. Moulds
5. General design procedures for plastics
References
Abbreviations
Chapter 2 Rotational Moulding of Polyethylene
R.I.Kliene
1. History of development
2. Polyethylene properties
3. Polyethylene powders
4. Polyethylene additives
5. Polyethylene processing
6. Applications
References
Chapter 3 Rotational Moulding of Nylons
F. Petruccelli 62
1. Introduction and chemistry
2. Manufacture of nylon resins
3. Compounding
4. Processing
Properties of moulded nylons
6. Finishing and machining of nylons
Nylon applications
References 99
"VX XI
Chapter 4 Rotational Moulding Machines
W.H.Covington,Jr Design Case Studies
r» ll/ U/nrmll
100 Chapter 8 178
1. Introduction 100 178
Pjiy V Introduction 1
C 2. Cune studies
A^e*as of design
14. Industrial containers
I&. Conclusion
wledgements
2. The rotation process
3. Rock and roll machines
4. Box oven machines
5. Shuttle-style machines
6. Clamshell machines
7. Vertical style machines
8. Fixed-arm turret machines
9. The independent-arm machine
P 114 h-ocess Control for Rotational Moulding 196
I.J.jiuf;cm miu -
Chapter 5 Sheet Metal Moulds 196
TJ.Taylor
1. Introduction
2. Principles of process control
3. Control of part properties
4. Processing advantages
5. Machine improvements
6. Quality control
References
1. Introduction 118 204
2. Tool construction and design 207
3. Surface finish
4.
5. Venting
6. Mounting
7. Maintenance
Pin-holes and Bubbles in Rotationally
Moulded Products
A.G.Spence and RJ.Crawford
142 Chapter 10
Chapter 6 Cast Aluminium Moulds
S.Scaccia
217
143 1. Introduction 217
1. History
2. Product design
3. The pattern
4. Mould
.design
5. Function and operation of mould
6 Maintenance
143 Bubbleformation 217
miuHTtlK Hf Ihi mnnldinr material on bubbles
Ifaii&eaflsidetatroas
jhle removal using pressure
ssure and vacuum cm the mould
143 219
144 224
145 228
149 : ' y. 239
151 References 241
Acknowledgements
Disclaimer
242
Chapter 7 Design of Rotationally Moulded Products
G.L.BeaU
1. Designing rotationally moulded plastic products
2. Rotationally moulded plastic part design
2.1 Wall thickness
2.2 Wall thickness uniformity
2.3 Closely spaced parallel walls
2.4 Warpage
2.5 Stiffening ribs
2.6 Kiss-off ribs
2.7 Draft angles
2.8 Surface finish
2.9 Undercuts
2.10 Holes
2.11 Comer radii
2.12 Tolerances
153 Chapter 11 Rotational Moulding of Liquid Polymers
158 158 WKffariewi and R-J.Crawford 243 243
160 rofliquid polymers in a rotating mould 245
“ jBOcessing conditions on the wall
^ and on bubble content
fl 169 Irons for the rotational moulding
Index
Carriage-style machines 114
Cast aluminium moulds 225
Cellular materials 239
Charge hoppers 138
Chemtrend 75
Chromes 52
Clam shell 15, 109
Clamping (of moulds) 121,126,149,151
Compounding 49,67
Compression 27
Compressive force 228
Construction (of moulds) 122,124
Cooling 58,79,106,192
Copper inserts 131,135
Copper pipeline 232
Cores 127,146,151
Comer radii 172,186,253
Crack initiation zones 234
Cracks 234
Creep 20
Creep modulus 22
Cross-linking 8,17,184,210
Crystallinity 5,58,79,161,200
Crystallites 58
Cycle times 218,235
ABS 10, 200
Acetal 26,27
Acids 38
Additives 48, 209,223
Advantages 3
Alcohols 38
Alkalis 86
Alkathene 33
Aluminium moulds 15,75,104,118,131,143,200
Amorphous 11,79,175,200
Anti-oxidants 52,67
Anti-static agents 11
ARM II
Aromatic solvents 86
Atmosphere, inner (of mould) 228
Azo pigments 52
Beams 21
Biaxial rotation 11,102
Blasting (of moulds) 169
Blending 50
Blowing agent 239
Box oven machines 106
Brass inserts 131
Bridging 7, 47, 161
Bubble formation 217,228,245,254
Bubble removal using pressure 228
Bubbles 8,56,206,217,220,222,224,228,237
Buckling 27
Bulk density 44:160
Buoyancy 218
Dead spots 104,135
Deformation behaviour 18
Degradation 204,223,236
Densification 217
Density 5,19,36,37,44,58,65
Design (of moulds) 122,145
Design procedures 17,153,158
Desirability factors 27
Detergents 38
Dielectric strength 65
Diffusion 220
Diisodecyl adipate plasticiser 254
Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate 254
* Cadmium 52
Canadian Industries Ltd 33
Capillary force 218
Caprolactam 63,66,243
Carbon black 11,52
Carbon Corporation 33
Carousel machines 14258
259
Hairs 42
HALS 11
Handles 131
Handwork 135
Head to head moulding 172
Heat deflection temperature 65
Heat exclusion 136,191
Heat inducement 135
Heat pipes 136
Heating 12
High density polyethylene 5,21,27,83,176
History 32,143
Holes 171
Hot air oven 104
Hot oil jacket 104,106
Hybrid 241
Hydrocarbons 38
Hydrodynamic force 218
Hygroscopic 69
Hyperlast 246
Hytrel 200
Disadvantages 4
Disclaimer 242
Distortion 60,129,185
Draft angles 165,169,185,191,193
Drilling 96
Drop box 22,83,138
Dry blending 11,50,184
Dry flow 44
Du Pont 33,72
Photochemical etching 168
Pigments 11,49,51,184
Pin holes 217,230
Plasticiser 9,87
Plastisols 1,9
Plates 27
Polyamide 10,22,27,167,177
Polycarbonate 10,18,28,69,167,174,177,200,237
Polyester 10,243
Polyethylene
4,5,22,27,28,69,159,167,168,174,177,182,204,218
Polyolefins 5
Polypropylene 9,19,21,27,183,237
Polystyrene 18
Polythene 33
Polyurethane 10,243,245
Pores 237
Powder characteristics 224
Powder densification 218
Powder particles 224
Powders 39
Power factor 39
Pressure 230
Pressure in bubbles 218, 220
Pressure level 229,236
Pressurisation of mould 237
Process control 196
Proteins 38
PTFE 72,140,148,191
PVC 1,9,10,27,28,32,34,106,159,170,174,177,200
PVC plastisols 243,245,254
Melt flow index 6,34,39,57,60,204,206,219,220,228
Melt index 6
Melt rheology 220
Melt temperature 218
MFI see Melt flow index
Micrographs 239
Migration 50
Mild steel 134
Mild steel moulds 225
Mineral oils 38
Modulus 19,20,22,26,39,65
Moisture 218
Moisture absorption 65,69,89
Moisture sensitive 252
Molecular chain 220
Molecular weight 221
Molecular weight distribution 7,38
Mould balancing 208
Mould considerations 225
Mould hot-spots 227
Mould materials 224, 225
Mould shape 253
Mould swing 103
Moulded-in holes 131
Moulded-in inserts 127,147
Moulds 15,75
Mounting (of moulds) 140,149,189
Multi-layer moulding 22,81,211
Multiple shot process 254
»
(
EBA 237
Electrical properties 39
Electroformed moulds 15,72,118
Electroformcd nickel/copper moulds 225
Elongation of bubbles 235
Engraving 121,128,183,193
Environmental stress cracking 5,38
Epoxide 243
Equivalent section 23
Etching (mould) 168
Ethylene butyl acrylate 8
Ethylene vinyl acetate 8
EVA 237
EVOH 28
a
-T
i
ICI 28
Impact strength 60,65,79,93,203,234
Impact tests 222,237
Independent arm 13,114
Industrial machines 230
Inert atmosphere 68
Inertia forces 223
Inorganic salts 38
Inserts 120,127,144,147,192
Insulated hoppers 82,138
Interchangeable inserts 127
Internal air temperature 198
Irradiation 8
Isochronous curve 21
Isometric curve 21
Izod impact 65,86
n
Fawcett, E W 33
Ferris wheel 110
Fines 44
Finish (of mould) 121
Finishing 95
Fixed arm 13,112
Fixed inserts 127
Flanges 123
^
Flexural modulus 65,89,93
Flexural properties 234
Flexural stiffness 24
Fluoropolymers 10,17,81,201
Foam densities 24
Foamed core 22
Foaming 209
Fracture 241
Framing 149
Frekote 75
Frido 178
Fuel tanks 10
Nickel moulds 75
Nitrogen 218
Nitrogen purge 71
Nylon 10,22,27,62,159,167,168,174,177,237,245
Nylon-12 237
Nylon lining 23
Nyrim 84,212,246
Quality control 214
Radii 172
Reactive liquid 244
Reactive plastics 11,84
Relative humidity 88
Release agents 17,56,76,225
Removable cores 146
Removable inserts 127,129
Rheological properties 219,223
Ribs 144,146,162
RIM Nylon 84
Rock and roll machines 13,104,106
Rocking oven machine 106
Rockwell hardness 65
Rotation ratio 103,250
Rotation speed 250,254
Roto-blow 241
Rotocasting 1
Rotolog 208,236
Rotomoulding 1
Routing 96
Offset arm 104
Open flame 104
Organic esters 38
‘O'-ring 241
Oven residence time 104
Oxidation 42,221,226
Oxygen 218
Kelly 57
Kiss-off points 17,128,138,144,146,164,185
Linear low density polyethylene 5,83,170
Liquid polymers 226,243
Liquid system 211
Low density polyethylene 5
Particle shape 47
Particle size 7,44,46,47
Particle size distribution 219
Parting line 120,122,144,145,151,241
Pattern 144
Permeability 6,28,95,211
Permittivity 39
Phenolic system 243
Gas 239
Gas injection 71
Gas pipeline 230
Gibson, R O 33
Glass microspheres 254
Grinding 7,40
Grit blasting 135
Guides 146
Machining Machines 12 95,100,212 ^
Magnets 147
Maintenance (of moulds) 142,151
Material reservoirs 138
Mechanical properties 234
Medium density polyethylene 5,182
'
]
'•VHi
260
Transparency 237
Turret machines 113,116
Sagging 71,81
Sandwich structures 22
Sawing 95
Scotchbrite 75
Secant modulus 19
Shear rate 221
Sheet metal moulds 16,75,118,200
Shot size 250
Shrinkage 40,81,144,149,161,167,185,186
Shuttle machines 14,109
Silicone release agents 17
Silicone rubber 11
Silicones 38,243
Sintering 217
Slush moulding 9
Soap 38
Softening point 40
Specific heat 39,65
Spherulites 79
Spiders 150
Spindle 13,74
Stabilisers 68
Stainless steel 15,75
Stainless steel moulds 225
Stearates 223
Stiffness 19,163,239
Strain 18
Stress crack resistance 6
Stress relaxation 20
Sugars 38
Surface finish (of mould)
119,121,134,148,168,183,225
Surface hardness 39,40
SurfaceTpores 217,222,224
Surface porosity 218,225,228,230
Surface resistivity 39
Surface tension 218, 220,225
Swing diameter 113
Undercuts 3,169,193
Unicast process 243
Uniformity (of thickness) 159
Union Carbide 33
Urea formaldehyde 243
UV stabilisers 11
Vacuum 239
Venting 15,72,139,149
Vertical style machines 110
VICAT softening point 40
Vinyl plastics 9,110
Viscoelasticity 19
Viscosity 34,57,218,222,232,244,245,254
Viscous material 220
Voids 218
Volume resistivity 39
Wall thickness 158,188,200
Warpage 57,79,147,161,185
Water absorption 65,70,81
Waxes 223
Weatherability 6,10
Welding 126
Young’s modulus 19
Ziegler 33
Tails 47,76
Tapping 96
Tensile modulus 234,237
Tensile strength 19,40,65
Tensile tests 234
Thermal conductivity 39,135,228
Thermal degradation 231
Threads 129
Titanates 52
Tolerances 175,177
Tongue and groove 145
Torsion 27
Toughness 93
Transfers 193
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