كتاب الطلاب التعليمى لماكينات CNC - CNC Programming and Operations Manual

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CNC Programming and Operations Manual

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CNC Machines

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Section 1 - Introduction
Effectivity Notation 1-1
Getting Started 1-2
Programming Concepts 1-3
Programs 1-3
Axis Descriptions 1-3
X Axis 1-3
Y Axis 1-4
Z Axis 1-4
Defining Positions 1-4
Polar Coordinates 1-5
Absolute Positioning 1-5
Incremental Positioning 1-6
Angle Measurement 1-6
Plane Selection 1-7
Arc Direction 1-8
Section 2 - CNC Console and Software Basics
The Console 2-1
Keypad 2-2
AlphanumericKeys 2-2
Editing Keys 2-5
CNC Keyboard (Option) 2-5
Soft Keys (F1)to (F10) 2-6
Manual Panel 2-6
Software Basics 2-6
Pop-Up Menus 2-6
Screen Saver 2-6
Clearing Entries 2-6
Operator Prompts 2-7
Cursor 2-7
Typing Over and Inserting Text 2-7
Deleting Text 2-7
Messages/Error Messages 2-8
Section 3 - Manual Operation and Machine Setup
Powering Onthe CNC 3-1
Shutting Down the CNC 3-1
Emergency Stop (E-STOP) 3-1
Activating/Resetting the Servos 3-2
Manual Panel 3-2
Manual PanelKeys 3-3
Manual PanelLEDs 3-4
Manual Mode Screen 3-5
Machine Status Display Area Labels 3-6
Program Area Labels 3-6
Manual Mode Settings 3-7
Activating Manual Mode Rapid or Feed 3-9
Adjusting Rapid Move Speed 3-9
Absolute Mode 3-9
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Jog Moves 3-10
Changing the Jog Mode 3-10
Selecting an Axis 3-10
Jogging the Machine (Incremental Moves) 3-11
Jogging the Machine (Continuous Moves) 3-11
Manual Data Input Mode 3-11
Using Manual Data Input Mode 3-12
Operating the Handwheel(Optional) 3-12
Section 4 - Preparatory Functions: G-Codes
Rapid Traverse (G0) 4-2
Linear Interpolation (G1) 4-3
Angular Motion Programming Example 4-4
Circular Interpolation (G2 and G3) 4-5
Examples of Circular Interpolation 4-6
Dwell (G4) 4-9
Programming Non-modal Exact Stop Check (G9)4-10
Plane Selection (G17, G18,G19) 4-10
Setting Software Limits (G22) 4-12
Returning to Reference Point (Machine Home)(G28) 4-14
Automatic Return from Reference Point (G29)4-15
Probe Move(G31) 4-15
Fixture Offsets (Work Coordinate System Select), (G53) 4-16
Fixture Offset Table 4-16
Activating the Fixture Offset Table 4-16
Changing Fixture Offsets in the Table 4-17
Adjusting Fixture Offsets in the Table4-17
Changing Fixture Offsets Using Calibrate Soft Keys 4-17
G53 Programming Examples 4-17
Modal Corner Rounding/Chamfering (G59, G60) 4-18
In-Position Mode (ExactStop Check) (G61) 4-20
Automatic Feedrate Override for Arcs (G62,G63) 4-20
Contouring Mode (Cutting Mode) (G64) 4-21
User Macros (G65, G66,G67) 4-21
Axis Rotation (G68) 4-24
Activating Inch (G70) or MM (G71)Mode 4-28
Axis Scaling (G72) 4-29
Activating Absolute (G90) or Incremental (G91) Mode 4-29
Absolute Zero Point Programming (G92) 4-30
Feed in IPM (G94) 4-30
Feed Per Revolution (G95) 4-30
Adjusting Feedrate 4-31
Section 5 - Ellipses, Spirals, Canned Cycles, and Subprograms
Ellipses (G5) 5-1
Spiral (G6) 5-3
Canned Cycles 5-5
Drilling, Tapping, and Boring Canned Cycles (G81 toG89) 5-5
Cancel Drill, Tap, orBore Cycle (G80) 5-6
Spot Drilling (G81) 5-6
Counterboring (G82) 5-6
Peck Drilling (G83) 5-7
Tapping (G84) 5-8
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Boring, Bi-directional (G85) 5-9
Boring, Unidirectional (G86) 5-9
Chip Breaker Peck Cycle (G87)5-10
Flat Bottom Bi-Directional Boring (G89) 5-11
Drilling Example 5-11
Pattern Drill Cycles 5-13
Bolt Hole Circle (G79) 5-13
Hole Pattern(G179) 5-14
Pocket Cycles 5-16
Draft Angle Pocket Cycle (G73)5-17
Frame Pocket Milling (G75) 5-19
Hole Milling (G76) 5-21
Circular Pocket Milling (G77) 5-23
Rectangular Pocket Milling (G78) 5-25
Area Clearance (Irregular) Pocket Milling (G169) 5-27
Pockets with Islands (G162) 5-29
Irregular Pocket Examples 5-32
Facing Cycle (G170) 5-34
Circular ProfileCycle (G171) 5-36
Rectangular ProfileCycle (G172) 5-38
Thread Mill Cycle (G181) 5-40
Plunge Circular Pocket Milling (G177) 5-44
Plunge Rectangular Pocket Milling (G178) 5-46
Mold Rotation (G45) 5-47
Elbow Milling Cycle (G49) 5-58
Subprograms 5-63
Subprogram Addresses 5-63
Repetition of Subprogram (Loop) 5-64
Calling a Subprogram from a Subprogram 5-64
End of Subprogram (M99)with a P-Code5-67
Subprogram for Multiple Parts Programming5-67
Loop and Repeat Function 5-68
Probing Cycles 5-71
Tool Probe Cycles 5-71
Spindle Probe Cycles 5-86
Section 6 - Program Editor
Activating the Program Editor 6-1
Activating Edit Mode fromthe Manual Screen 6-1
Activating Edit Mode from the Program Directory 6-1
Activating Edit Mode from Draw Graphics 6-1
Editing Soft Keys 6-2
Marking Programming Blocks 6-3
Unmarking Program Blocks 6-3
Saving Edits 6-4
Canceling Unsaved Edits 6-4
Deleting a Character 6-4
Deleting a Program Block 6-4
Undeleting a Block 6-5
Canceling Edits to a Program Block 6-5
Inserting Text without Overwriting Previous Text 6-5
Inserting Text and Overwriting Previous Text6-6
Advancing to the Beginning or End of a Block 6-6
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Advancing to the First or Last Block of a Program 6-6
Searching the Program Listing for Selected Text 6-6
Going to a Block of the Program Listing 6-7
Replacing Typed Textwith New Text 6-8
Scrolling Through the Program 6-9
Paging Through the Program 6-9
Inserting a Blank Line 6-9
Abbreviating Statements 6-9
Copying ProgramBlocks 6-11
Pasting Blocks within a Program 6-12
Recording Keystrokes 6-12
Retrieving Recorded Keystrokes 6-12
Repeating a Command or Key 6-13
(Re)numbering Program Blocks 6-13
Printing the Entire Program 6-14
Printing a Portion of a Program 6-14
Accessing the Most Recently Used Programs 6-15
Opening Another Program from the Program Listing 6-15
Copying Blocks to Another Program 6-16
Copying an Entire Program into Another Program 6-16
Including Comments in a Program Listing 6-17
Section 7 - Edit Help
Main Edit Help Menu 7-3
Help Template Menu 7-4
Help Graphic Screens 7-6
Edit Help Soft Keys 7-7
Edit Help Menu 7-8
Using Help Graphic Screens to Enter Program Blocks 7-10
Line Moves 7-12
Endpoint and Angle Calculation7-13
Arcs 7-15
Multiple Move Commands 7-21
Modal G-Code Box 7-31
G-Code Listing 7-32
Entering a G-Code 7-32
Entry Fields 7-33
M-Code Listing 7-34
Entering an M-Code 7-35
Typing in Address Words 7-35
Typing inM-Codes 7-36
Section 8 - Viewing Programs with Draw
Starting Draw 8-1
Draw Screen Description 8-2
Putting Draw in Hold 8-3
Canceling Draw 8-3
Draw Parameters 8-4
Tool On or Off 8-4
Drawing Compensated Moves 8-5
Showing Rapid Moves 8-5
Setting Grid Line Type 8-6
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Setting GridSize 8-6
Putting Draw in Motion, SStep, or AutoMode 8-6
Automatic Draw Restart 8-7
Erasing the Draw Display 8-8
Running Draw for Selected Blocks 8-8
Starting Draw at a Specific Block 8-8
Ending Draw at a Specific Block 8-9
Adjusting Draw Display 8-9
Fitting the Display tothe Viewing Window8-10
Scaling the Display by a Factor 8-10
Using the Window Zoom 8-11
Halving Display Size 8-12
Doubling Display Size 8-12
Changing the Viewing Area withoutChanging the Scale 8-12
Erasing Display 8-13
Section 9 - Tool Page and Tool Management
Activating the Tool Page 9-1
Using the Tool Page 9-2
Finding Tools by Number 9-3
Changing Tool Page Values 9-3
Clearing a Tool(Whole Row) 9-3
Clearing a Single Value 9-3
Adjusting a Single Value 9-4
Tool Page Soft Keys and Secondary Soft Keys 9-4
T-Codes and Tool Activation 9-5
Tool Definition Blocks 9-5
Tool-Length Offsets 9-6
Entering Offsets inthe ToolPage 9-7
Setting Tool-Length Offsets 9-8
Entering the Z Position Manually 9-9
Diameter Offset in Tool Page 9-9
Tool Path Compensation (G41, G42) 9-10
Using Tool Diameter Compensation and Length Offsets with Ball-End Mills 9-14
Compensation (G40,G41, G42) 9-14
Cancel Mode in Tool Compensation: G40 9-14
Change of Tool Compensation Direction 9-15
Startup and Movement in Z-axis9-15
Temporary Change of Tool Diameter 9-16
Motion of Tool During Tool Compensation 9-17
Compensation Around Acute Angles 9-19
Change of Offset Direction 9-20
General Precautions 9-21
G41 Programming Example 9-22
G42 Program Example 9-23
Activating Offsets via the Program 9-25
Setting RefProg Offset 9-26
Section 10 - Program Management
Changing the ProgramDirectory 10-2
Viewing All Programs of All Formats 10-2
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Creating a New Part Program 10-3
Choosing Program Names 10-3
Loading a Programfor Running10-3
Selecting a Program for Editing and Utilities 10-3
Maximizing Program Storage Space 10-4
Displaying Program Blocks 10-5
Deleting a Program 10-5
Logging On to Other Drives 10-6
Marking and Unmarking Programs10-6
Marking Programs 10-6
Unmarking Marked Programs 10-7
Marking All Programs 10-7
Unmarking All Marked Programs 10-7
Deleting Groups of Programs 10-8
Restoring Programs 10-8
Copying Programs toFloppy Disks 10-9
Renaming Programs 10-9
Printing Programs 10-9
Checking Disks for Lost Program Fragments10-10
Displaying SystemInformation 10-10
Using Wildcards toFind Programs10-11
Copying Programs from/to Other Directories 10-12
Renaming Programs from/to Another Directory 10-13
Printing Programs from Another Drive/Directory 10-13
Creating Subdirectories 10-14
Deleting Programs on Another Drive 10-14
Listing a Program in Another Drive/Directory 10-14
Editing a Program in Another Directory 10-15
Optimizing YourHard Disk 10-15
Accessing the Disk Optimizer 10-15
Section 11 - Running Programs
Running a Program One Step at a Time 11-1
Switching Between Motion and Single-Step Mode 11-2
Holding or Canceling a Single-Step Run 11-2
Single-Step Execution of Selected Program Blocks 11-3
Position Display Modes 11-4
Automatic ProgramExecution 11-4
Holding or Canceling an AutoRun 11-5
Starting at a Specific Block 11-5
Clearing a Halted Program 11-5
Using Draw while Running Programs 11-6
Setting the CNC to Display an Enlarged Position Display 11-7
Teach Mode 11-7
Initiating Teach Mode 11-8
Teach Mode Soft Keys 11-8
Inputting Data withTeach Mode 11-9
Using Teach Mode 11-10
Exiting Teach Mode 11-10
Parts Counter and Program Timer 11-11
Jog/Return 11-12
Initiating Jog/Return 11-12
Operations Allowed While “In” Jog/Return11-12
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Jog/Return Soft Keys 11-13
EXAMPLES: 11-15
Notes on Jog/Return 11-17
Section 12 - S and M Functions
Speed Spindle Control (S-Function) 12-1
Miscellaneous Functions (M-Code) 12-2
Control M-Codes 12-2
Order of Execution 12-4
Section 13 - Communication and DNC
Communication 13-1
Installing the RS-232 Cable 13-1
Accessing the Communication Software 13-2
Setting Communication Parameters13-3
Selecting the Communication Port 13-3
Setting the Baud 13-3
Setting Parity 13-3
Setting Data Bits 13-4
Setting Stop Bits 13-4
Software Setting 13-4
Setting Data Type 13-5
Testing the Data Link 13-5
Activating the TestLink Screen 13-6
Setting Test LinkDisplay Modes 13-6
Testing the Link 13-7
Clearing the Receive Area 13-7
Clearing the Transmit Area 13-7
Sending a Program 13-7
Receiving a Program 13-7
Setting the Transmission and Receiving Display 13-8
Holding Transmission/Receiving Operations 13-8
Using Data Control (DC)Codes 13-8
Using DC Codes in Receive Mode 13-9
Using DC Codes inSend Mode 13-9
Running inDNC 13-9
Accessing DNC 13-10
Section 14 - Machine Software and Peripherals Installation
Machine Software Installation 14-1
Software Option Kit Installation 14-1
Printer Installation 14-2
Keyboard Installation (Option) 14-2
Keypad EquivalentKeyboard Keys 14-2
Section 15 - Off-line Software
Introduction 15-1
Passwords 15-1
Exiting the Software 15-1
Windows Off-line Software Installation 15-2
Running Off-line Software from Windows 15-2
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System Settings 15-2
Maximum Memory Allocated 15-2
Disabled Features 15-3
Section 16 - Four- and Five-Axis Programming
Axis Types 16-1
Rotary Axis Programming Conventions 16-2
Non-Synchronous or SynchronousAuxiliary Axis 16-2
Programming Examples 16-3
Example 1: Drill (Sync-Off) 16-4
Example 2: Mill (Sync-On) 16-5
Example 3: Mill (Sync-On) 16-6
Section 17 - DXF Converter Feature
Requirements 17-1
Off-line Software 17-1
Machine Software 17-1
Entry to the DXF Converter 17-2
Creating Shapes 17-2
Contours 17-3
Drilling 17-3
CNC Code 17-3
Mouse Operations 17-4
DXF Hot Keys 17-5
Toggle Entity Endpoints (ALT + F) 17-5
DXF Soft Keys 17-6
Miscellaneous DXF Soft Key, F6 17-7
Output Menu Options 17-8
Shift X, Shift Y Descriptions 17-8
Convert Polyline Description 17-9
Display Menu Options 17-9
DXF EntitiesSupported 17-10
Drawing Entities Not Supported 17-10
Files Created 17-11
DXF Examples 17-11
Unedited Conversational Program Listing 17-13
Unedited G-code ProgramListing 17-14
Edited Conversational Program Listing 17-15
Edited G-code Tool Path 17-16
Edited G-code Program Listing 17-17
Using DXF for Pockets with Islands (G162) 17-18
Creating CAM Shapes 17-21
Section 18 - CAM Programming
CAM Mode 18-1
CAM Mode Soft Keys 18-2
Shape (F2) Soft Keys 18-3
Shape EditMenu 18-4
Rev Arc 18-6
Delete 18-6
Project 18-6
Join 18-7
Import 18-7
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View (F4) 18-7
MOTION (F7) 18-8
Del Move(F8) 18-8
Contour 18-8
Pocket 18-15
Pocket Menus Soft Keys 18-21
Pockets with Islands (G162) 18-21
Drill 18-21
Edit 18-24
Delete 18-24
POST (F8) 18-25
SETUP (F9) 18-25
Shapes 18-26
Paths 18-27
Geometry 18-27
Post 18-27
Posting Output Automatic ToolChanges 18-30
Exit (F10) 18-31
Hot Keys 18-31
Using the Shape Cursor 18-32
Selecting Editing Tools 18-32
Line Tools 18-33
Arc Tools 18-36
Corner Radius 18-37
Chamfering Corners 18-37
Shape Edit Soft Keys 18-37
Reversing an Arc’s Direction 18-38
Deleting a Shape 18-38
Projecting Line Segments (Restoring Sharp Corners) 18-38
Joining Line Segments 18-39
Importing Shapes from Other Programs 18-39
Deleting a Segment 18-39
Changing the CAM Mode View 18-40
Viewing a Listing of Shape Segment Details 18-40
Using Construction Geometry 18-42
Accessing Geometry Tools 18-42
Point Tools 18-43
Line Tools 18-44
Circle Tools 18-45
Notes on Geometry 18-45
Chaining Geometry Elements to Create a Shape 18-46
Viewing a Listing of Geometry Elements 18-46
Deleting Geometry Elements 18-47
Deleting All Geometry Elements 18-47
Managing Shape Files 18-47
Using Shapes in G-code Programs 18-48
Sample Programs 18-48
Example #1 Machining an Outside Profile with Contour 18-48
Example #2 Machining a Slot using Contour 18-52
Example #3 Machining an Outside Profile using Contour 18-55
Example #4 Machining a Contour with Many Unknown Intersections 18-59
Example #5 Contour with Many Unknown Intersections - All Tangent Arcs 18-61
Example #6 Pocket Milled into Workpiece 18-65
Example #7 Milled Pocket - X0 Y0 at Center of Radius 18-67
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Example #8 Pocket Milled into Workpiece - X0 Y0 at Lower Left Corner 18-70
Example #9 Milled Pocket - X0 Y0 atthe Center of the Large Radius18-73
Example #10 Series of Holes using Drill18-75
Example #11 Pocket, Contour, and Drill 18-77
Example #12 Using CAM for Pockets with Islands (G162) 18-82
Additional Drawingsfor Practice18-85
Section 19 - Advanced Programming Features
Modifiers 19-1
Block Separators 19-1
Tool Offset Modification 19-2
Expressions and Functions 19-4
Examples 19-5
System Variables 19-6
User Variables 19-7
Variable Programming (Parametric Programming)19-8
User Macros (G65, G66,G67) 19-15
Macro Body Structure 19-15
Setting and Passing Parameters 19-16
G65 Macro Programming, Main 19-17
G65 Macro Programming, Macro (Subprogram) 19-18
G66/G67 Macro Programming 19-18
SLOTMACG Program19-19
Macro Programming (Hole Milling Macro) 19-20
Probe Move(G31) 19-23
Conditional Statements 19-24
Unconditional LOOP Repeat 19-25
Short Form Addressing 19-26
Logical and Comparative Terms 19-27
Logical Terms 19-27
Comparative Terms 19-27
File Inclusion 19-28
Index

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