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 |  موضوع: كتاب Introduction to Health and Safety at Work - Fourth Edition الجمعة 24 نوفمبر 2023, 6:48 am | |
| 
أخواني في الله
أحضرت لكم كتاب
Introduction to Health and Safety at Work
Fourth Edition
The Handbook for the NEBOSH National General Certificate
Phil Hughes MBE, MSc, CFIOSH, former Chairman NEBOSH 1995 – 2001
Ed Ferrett PhD, BSc (Hons Eng), CEng, MIMechE, MIET, CMIOSH,
Vice Chairman NEBOSH 1999 – 2008
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION xiii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv
ABOUT THE AUTHORS xvii
LIST OF PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS xviii
ILLUSTRATIONS CREDITS xxi
1 HEALTH AND SAFETY FOUNDATIONS 1
1 .1 Introduction 1
1 .2 Some basic definitions 2
1 .3 The legal framework for health and safety 2
1 .4 The legal system in England and Wales 4
1 .5 The legal system in Scotland 5
1 .6 European Courts 5
1 .7 Sources of law (England and Wales) 6
1 .8 Common law torts and duties 6
1 .9 Levels of statutory duty 8
1 .10 The influence of the European Union on health and safety 9
1 .11 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSW Act) 9
1 .12 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 16
1 .13 Role and function of external agencies 16
1 .14 Sources of information on health and safety 18
1 .15 Moral, legal and financial arguments for health and safety management 18
1 .16 The framework for health and safety management 22
1 .17 Sources of reference 23
1 .18 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 1 24
2 POLICY 27
2 .1 Introduction 27
2 .2 Legal requirements 27
2 .3 Key elements of a health and safety policy 28
2 .4 Review of health and safety policy 31
2 .5 Sources of reference 32
2 .6 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 2 32
Appendix 2.1 Health and Safety Policy checklist 34
3 ORGANIZING FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY 37
3 .1 Introduction 37
3 .2 Control 38
3 .3 Employers ’ responsibilities 38vi
Contents
3 .4 Employees ’ and agency workers ’ responsibilities 40
3 .5 Organizational health and safety responsibilities – directors 40
3 .6 Typical managers ’ organizational responsibilities 42
3 .7 Role and functions of health and safety practitioners and other advisers 43
3 .8 Persons in control of premises 45
3 .9 Self-employed 45
3 .10 The supply chain 45
3 .11 Contractors 48
3 .12 Joint occupation of premises 52
3 .13 Consultation with the workforce 52
3 .14 Sources of reference 56
3 .15 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 3 56
Appendix 3.1 Detailed health and safety responsibilities 58
Appendix 3.2 Checklist for supply chain health and safety management 60
4 PROMOTING A POSITIVE HEALTH AND SAFETY CULTURE 63
4 .1 Introduction 63
4 .2 Definition of a health and safety culture 63
4 .3 Safety culture and safety performance 64
4 .4 Human factors and their influence on safety performance 65
4 .5 Human errors and violations 70
4 .6 The development of a positive health and safety culture 72
4 .7 Effective communication 74
4 .8 Health and safety training 75
4 .9 Internal infl uences 77
4 .10 External influences 79
4 .11 Sources of reference 80
4 .12 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 4 80
Appendix 4.1 List of typical legislation requiring health and safety training 82
5 RISK ASSESSMENT 83
5 .1 Introduction 83
5 .2 Legal aspects of risk assessment 83
5 .3 Forms of risk assessment 85
5 .4 Some definitions 85
5 .5 The objectives of risk assessment 86
5 .6 Accident categories 86
5 .7 Health risks 87
5 .8 The management of risk assessment 87
5 .9 The risk assessment process 88
5 .10 Special cases 90
5 .11 Sources of reference 92
5 .12 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 5 93
Appendix 5.1 Hazard checklist 95
Appendix 5.2 Example of a risk assessment record 96
Appendix 5.3 Risk assessment example 2: hairdressing salon 98
Appendix 5.4 Risk assessment example 3: office cleaning 100Contents
vii
6 PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL 103
6 .1 Introduction 103
6 .2 Principles of prevention 104
6 .3 General control measures 105
6 .4 Controlling health risks 112
6 .5 Safe systems of work 114
6 .6 Lone workers 117
6 .7 Permits to work 117
6 .8 Emergency procedures 122
6 .9 First aid at work 123
6 .10 Sources of reference 126
6 .11 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 6 126
Appendix 6.1 Job safety analysis form 128
Appendix 6.2 Essential elements of a permit-to-work form 129
Appendix 6.3 Asbestos examples of safe systems of work 130
7 MONITORING, REVIEW AND AUDIT 133
7 .1 Introduction 133
7 .2 The traditional approach to measuring health and safety performance 133
7 .3 Why measure performance? 134
7 .4 What to measure 135
7 .5 Proactive or active monitoring – how to measure performance 136
7 .6 Measuring failure – reactive monitoring 138
7 .7 Who should monitor performance? 138
7 .8 Frequency of monitoring and inspections 139
7 .9 Report writing 139
7 .10 Review and audit 141
7 .11 Sources of reference 143
7 .12 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 7 143
Appendix 7.1 Workplace inspection exercises 145
Appendix 7.2 Specimen workplace inspection report form 147
Appendix 7.3 Workplace inspection checklist 148
8 INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION RECORDING AND REPORTING 153
8 .1 Introduction 153
8 .2 Reasons for incident/accident investigation 154
8 .3 Which incidents/accidents should be investigated? 155
8 .4 Investigations and causes of accidents/incidents 156
8 .5 Legal recording and reporting requirements 159
8 .6 Internal systems for collecting and analysing incident data 161
8 .7 Compensation and insurance issues 162
8 .8 Sources of reference 163
8 .9 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 8 163
Appendix 8.1 Accident/incident report form 165
Appendix 8.2 Information for insurance/compensation claims 167viii
Contents
9 MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND VEHICLES – HAZARDS AND CONTROL 169
9 .1 Introduction 169
9 .2 Hazards to pedestrians 169
9 .3 Control strategies for pedestrian hazards 171
9.4 Hazards in vehicle operations 173
9 .5 Mobile work equipment 175
9 .6 Safe driving 178
9 .7 Control strategies for safe vehicle and mobile plant operations 178
9 .8 The management of vehicle movements 179
9 .9 Managing occupational road safety 179
9 .10 Sources of reference 183
9 .11 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 9 184
10 MANUAL AND MECHANICAL HANDLING HAZARDS AND CONTROL 185
10 .1 Introduction 185
10 .2 Manual handling hazards and injuries 185
10 .3 Manual handling risk assessments 186
10 .4 Safety in the use of lifting and moving equipment 190
10 .5 Types of mechanical handling and lifting equipment 191
10 .6 Requirements for the statutory examination of lifting equipment 197
10 .7 Sources of reference 198
10 .8 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 10 198
Appendix 10.1 Manual handling of load assessment checklist 201
Appendix 10.2 A typical risk assessment for the use of lifting equipment 204
11 WORK EQUIPMENT HAZARDS AND CONTROL 205
11 .1 Introduction 205
11 .2 Suitability of work equipment and CE marking 205
11 .3 Use and maintenance of equipment with specific risks 207
11 .4 Information, instruction and training 208
11 .5 Maintenance and inspection 208
11 .6 Operation and working environment 210
11 .7 User responsibilities 212
11 .8 Hand-held tools 212
11 .9 Hand-held power tools 214
11 .10 Mechanical machinery hazards 218
11 .11 Non-mechanical machinery hazards 220
11 .12 Examples of machinery hazards 220
11 .13 Practical safeguards 222
11 .14 Other safety devices 225
11 .15 Application of safeguards to the range of machines 227
11 .16 Guard construction 233
11 .17 Sources of reference 234
11 .18 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 11 234
12 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND CONTROL 237
12 .1 Introduction 237
12 .2 Principles of electricity and some definitions 237Contents
ix
12 .3 Electrical hazards and injuries 239
12 .4 General control measures for electrical hazards 245
12 .5 The selection and suitability of equipment 24 6
12 .6 Inspection and maintenance strategies 247
12 .7 Portable electrical appliances testing 250
12 .8 Sources of reference 253
12 .9 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 12 253
13 FIRE HAZARDS AND CONTROL 255
13 .1 Introduction 255
13 .2 The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order (RRFSO) – requirements 256
13 .3 Construction Design and Management Regulations 2007 259
13 .4 Basic principles of fire 259
13 .5 Methods of extinction 261
13 .6 Classification of fire 261
13 .7 Principles of heat transmission and fire spread 262
13 .8 Common causes of fire and consequences 263
13 .9 Fire risk assessment 264
13 .10 Dangerous substances 268
13 .11 Fire detection and warning 270
13 .12 Means of escape in case of fire 271
13 .13 Principles of fire protection in buildings 273
13 .14 Provision of fire fighting equipment 275
13 .15 Maintenance and testing of fire fighting equipment 278
13 .16 Fire emergency plans 278
13 .17 People with special needs 280
13 .18 Sources of reference 281
13 .19 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 13 282
Appendix 13.1 Fire risk assessment as recommended in Fire Safety Guides
published by the Department for Communities and Local Government in 2006 284
Appendix 13.2 Example form for recording significant findings as published in
2006 by the Department for Communities and Local Government in their Fire Safety Guides 286
Appendix 13.3 Typical fi re notice 287
14 CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL HEALTH HAZARDS AND CONTROL 289
14 .1 Introduction 289
14 .2 Forms of chemical agent 290
14 .3 Forms of biological agent 290
14 .4 Classification of hazardous substances and their associated health risks 291
14 .5 Routes of entry to the human body 292
14 .6 Health hazards of specific agents 296
14 .7 Requirements of the COSHH Regulations 299
14 .8 Details of a COSHH assessment 299
14 .9 The control measures required under the COSHH Regulations 304
14 .10 Health surveillance and personal hygiene 311
14 .11 Maintenance and emergency controls 311
14 .12 The transport of hazardous substances by road 311
14 .13 An illustrative example using COSHH controls 312
14 .14 Environmental considerations 312x
Contents
14 .15 Sources of reference 317
14 .16 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 14 317
Appendix 14.1 A typical set of COSHH assessment forms 321
Appendix 14.2 Hazardous properties of waste as listed in the Hazardous Waste
(England and Wales) Regulations 2005 323
15 PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH HAZARDS AND CONTROL 325
15 .1 Introduction 325
15 .2 Task and workstation design 325
15 .3 Welfare and work environment issues 334
15 .4 Noise 337
15 .5 Heat and radiation hazards 343
15 .6 The causes and prevention of workplace stress 347
15 .7 Causes and prevention of workplace violence 349
15 .8 The effects of alcohol and drugs 352
15 .9 Sources of reference 354
15 .10 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 15 355
Appendix 15.1 Workstation self-assessment checklist 358
Appendix 15.2 Example of a noise assessment record form 361
16 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES – HAZARDS AND CONTROL 363
16 .1 Introduction 363
16 .2 The scope of construction 364
16 .3 Construction hazards and controls 364
16 .4 The management of construction activities 372
16 .5 Working above ground level or where there is a risk of falling 381
16 .6 Excavations 389
16 .7 Sources of reference 390
16 .8 Practice NEBOSH questions for Chapter 16 391
Appendix 16.1 Inspection recording form with timing and frequency chart 393
Appendix 16.2 Checklist of typical scaffolding faults 395
Appendix 16.3 Summary of application and notification under CDM 2007 396
Appendix 16.4 Pre-construction information 397
Appendix 16.5 Construction phase plan 398
17 SUMMARY OF THE MAIN LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 401
17 .1 Introduction 401
17 .2 The legal framework 401
17 .3 List of Acts, orders and Regulations summarized 405
17 .4 HSW Act 1974 408
17 .5 Environmental Protection Act 1990 413
17 .6 Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations
2002 and Amendment Regulations 424
17 .7 Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 430
17 .8 Construction (Design and Management) (CDM) Regulations 2007 432
17 .9 Construction (Head Protection) Regulations 1989 444
17 .10 Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 445
17 .11 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002 and 2005 Amendment 446
17 .12 Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR) 2002 450Contents
xi
17 .13 Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 453
17 .14 Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 455
17 .15 Employers ’ Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 and Regulations 1998 amended in 2002 458
17 .16 Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 459
17 .17 Health and Safety (First aid) Regulations 1981 as amended in 2002 467
17 .18 Health and Safety (Information for Employees) Regulations 1989 467
17 .19 Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005 468
17 .20 Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999 469
17 .21 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER) 1998 as amended in 2002 471
17 .22 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 as amended in 2003 and 2006 474
17 .23 Manual Handling Operations Regulations (MHO) 1992 as amended in 2002 477
17 .24 Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 480
17 .25 Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 484
17 .26 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (except Part IV) as amended in 2002 486
17 .27 The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 491
17 .28 Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 493
17 .29 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996 495
17 .30 Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations 1992 and amendments 497
17 .31 Control of Vibration at Work Regulations 2005 502
17 .32 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 as amended in 2002 504
17 .33 Work at Height Regulations 2005 as amended in 2007 507
17 .34 Other relevant Regulations in brief 511
18 INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY 519
18 .1 Introduction 519
18 .2 The role and function of the ILO 521
18 .3 Major occupational health and safety management systems 524
18 .4 Other key characteristics of a health and safety management system 531
18 .5 The role of the regulatory authorities 534
18 .6 The benefits and problems associated with occupational health and safety management systems 535
18 .7 Conclusions on the three health and safety management systems 535
18 .8 Other minor additions to the International General Certificate 535
18 .9 Practice NEBOSH questions for the International General Certificate 537
Appendix 18.1 Scaffolds and ladders 538
19 STUDY SKILLS 539
19 .1 Introduction 539
19 .2 Finding a place to study 539
19 .3 Planning for study 540
19 .4 Blocked thinking 540
19 .5 Taking notes 540
19 .6 Reading for study 540
19 .7 Organizing for revision 541
19 .8 Organizing information 541
19 .9 How does memory work? 542
19 .10 How to deal with exams 543
19 .11 The examiners ’ reports 544
19 .12 Conclusion 545
19 .13 References 545xii
Contents
20 SPECIMEN ANSWERS TO NEBOSH EXAMINATIONS 547
20 .1 Introduction 547
20 .2 The written examinations 547
20 .3 Hand drawn sketches 553
20 .4 NGC3 – the practical application 554
Appendix 20.1 The practical assessment 558
INDEX 565xiii
List of principal abbreviations
Most abbreviations are defined within the text. Abbreviations are not always used if it is not appropriate within the
particular context of the sentence. The most commonly used ones are as follows:
ACL Approved carriage list
ACM Asbestos -containing material
ACOP Approved Code of Practice
ACPO Association of Chief Police Officers in Scotland
AIB Asbestos Insulation Board
ALARP As low as reasonably practicable
APAU Accident Prevention Advisory Unit, now Operations Unit
ARCA Asbestos Removal Contractors Association
BA Breathing apparatus
BAT Best available techniques
BRE Building Research Establishment
BSI British Standards Institution
CAR Control of Asbestos Regulations
CBI Confederation of British Industry
CD Consultative document
CDM Construction (Design and Management) Regulations
CECA The Civil Engineering Contractors Association
CEN Comite Europeen de Normalisation
CENELEC Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
CHIP Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging) Regulations
CIB Chartered Institute of Building
CIRA Construction Industry Research and Information Association
CLAW Control of Lead at Work Regulations
CONIAC Construction Industry Advisory Committee
COPFS Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service
CORGI Council for Registered Gas Installers
COSHH Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations
COSLA Convention of Scottish Local Authorities
dB(A) Decibel (A-weighted)
dB(C) Decibel (C-weighted)
DSE Display screen equipmentxix
DSEAR Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations
DWP Department for Work and Pensions
E & W England and Wales
EAV Exposure action value
EC European Community
ELV Exposure limit value
EMAS Employment Medical Advisory Service
EPA Environmental Protection Act 1990
EU European Union
FSA Financial Services Authority
FSB Federation of Small Businesses
HAV Hand– arm vibration
HGV Heavy goods vehicle
HIE Highlands and Islands Enterprise
HOPE Healthcare , Occupational and Primary for Employees
HSAC Health and Safety Advice Centre
HSCER Health and Safety (Consultation with Employers) Regulations
HSE Health and Safety Executive
HSL Health and Safety Laboratory
HSW Act Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
HWL Healthy Working Lives
IAC Industry Advisory Committee
ILO International Labour Office
IOSH Institution of Occupational Safety and Health
LBRO Local Better Regulation Office
LEAL Lower exposure action level
LOLER Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations
LPG Liquefied petroleum gas
MCG The Major Contractors Group
MEL Maximum exposure limit
MHOR Manual Handling Operations Regulations
MHSW Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations
MORR Management of Occupational Road Risk
MoT Ministry of Transport (still used for vehicle tests)
NAWR Control of Noise at Work Regulations
NEBOSH National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health
NVQ National Vocational Qualification
OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
OSH Occupational Safety and Health
PF Procurator Fiscal
PHASS The Partnership on Health and Safety in Scotland
POOSH Scotland Professional Organisations in Occupational Safety & Health
PPE Personal protective equipment
ppm Parts per million
PUWER The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations
RCD Residual current device
REACH Registration Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals
RES Representative (s) of employee safety
RIDDOR The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
RoSPA Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
List of principal abbreviationsxx
List of principal abbreviations
RPE Respiratory protective equipment
RRFSO Regulatory Reform Fire Safety Order
RTA Road traffic accident
SaHW Safe and Healthy Working
SBSA Scottish Building Standards Agency
ScotPHO Scottish Public Health Observatory
SCVO Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations
SE Scottish Executive
SEPA Scottish Environment Protection Agency
SHAW Scotland ’s Health at Work
SPL Sound pressure level
STEL Short -term exposure limit
STUC Scottish Trades Union Congress
SWL Safe working load
SWP Safe working pressure
TLV Threshold limit value
TUC Trades Union Congress
TWA Time -weighted average
UEAL Upper exposure action level
UK United Kingdom
VAWR Vibration at Work Regulations
WAHR Work at Height Regulations
WBV Whole body vibration
WEL Workplace exposure limit
WHO World Health Organization
WRULD Work -related upper limb disorderxxi
Figure 1.5 HSE Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 1.12 From HSG65 Successful Health and Safety Management (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717612767. Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer
for Scotland.
Figure 3.7 HSE INDG232 (rev) page 1 HSE Web.
Figure 4.3 From HSG57 Seating at Work (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717612317. Crown copyright material is
reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 4.7 From HSG48 Reducing Error and Influencing Behaviour (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 0717624528. Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer
for Scotland.
Figure 5.1 From HSG149 Backs for the Future: Safe Manual Handling in Construction (HSE Books 2000) ISBN
0717611221. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 6.1 Reproduced with permission from The Argus, Brighton.
Figure 6.4 Courtesy of Stocksigns.
Figure 6.7 Courtesy of Stocksigns.
Figure 6.15 From HSG150 (rev 1) Health and Safety in Construction (HSE Books 2006) ISBN 0717661822. Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer
for Scotland.
Figure 6.18 Adapted from PUWER 2008. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998: Open Learning
Guidance (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 9780717662852. Crown copyright material is reproduced with
the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 6.19 Cover of INDG98 Permit-to-Work Systems (HSE 1998) ISBN 0717613313. Crown copyright material
is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 7.1 From HSG65 Successful Health and Safety Management (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717612767. Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer
for Scotland.
Illustrations creditsxxii
Illustrations credits
Figure 7.2 From Guide to Measuring Health and Safety Performance (HSE 2001). Crown copyright material is
reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 8.5 From BI 510 Accident Book (HSE Books 2003) ISBN 0717626032. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 9.1 From HSG155 Slips and Trips (HSE Books 1996) ISBN 0717611450. Crown copyright material is
reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 9.4(a) From HSG76 Health and Safety in Retail and Wholesale Warehouses (HSE Books 1992) ISBN
0118857312. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 9.6 From HSG6 Safety in Working with Lift Trucks (HSE Books 2000) ISBN 0717617815. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Figure 10.4 From L23 Manual Handling Operations – Guidance on Regulations (HSE Books 2004) ISBN
071762823X. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 10.5 From Manual Handling in the Health Services (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717612481. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Figure 10.6 From HSG115 Manual Handling Solutions You Can Handle (HSE Books 1994) ISBN 0717606937.
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s
Printer for Scotland.
Figure 10.8(a) – (c) From HSG115 Manual Handling Solutions You Can Handle (HSE Books 1994) ISBN 0717606937.
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s
Printer for Scotland.
Figure 10.9 From HSG149 Backs for the Future: Safe Manual Handling in Construction (HSE Books 2000) ISBN
0717611221. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 10.10 From HSG76 Health and Safety in Retail and Wholesale Warehouses (HSE Books 1992) ISBN
0118857312. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO
and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 10.13 From HSG150 (rev 1) Health and Safety in Construction (HSE Books 2001) ISBN 0717621065. Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer
for Scotland.
Figure 11.4 Courtesy of Draper.
Figure 11.6 Courtesy of Draper. Speedy catalogue 2004, page 23.
Figure 11.11 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery Second Edition, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, pages 26 – 34,
2005, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 11.15 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery Second Edition, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, pages 26 – 34,
2005, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 11.16 Courtesy of Allen-Bradley Guardmaster brand from Rockwell Automation.
Figure 11.17 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery Second Edition, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, page 74, 2005,
with permission from Elsevier.Illustrations credits
xxiii
Figure 11.18 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery Second Edition, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, pages 72 and 73,
2005, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 11.19 Courtesy of Allen-Bradley Guardmaster brand from Rockwell Automation.
Figure 11.20 Reprinted from Safety with Machinery Second Edition, John Ridley and Dick Pearce, page 90, 2005,
with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 11.21 Courtesy of Canon.
Figure 11.22 Courtesy of Fellowes.
Figure 11.23 Courtesy of Draper.
Figure 11.24 Courtesy of Draper.
Figure 11.25 Courtesy of Atco-Qualcast.
Figure 11.28 Picture supplied courtesy of STIHL GB.
Figure 11.29 Courtesy of Pakawaste.
Figure 11.30 Courtesy of Winget.
Figure 11.31 From L114 Safe Use of Woodworking Machinery (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717616304. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Figure 12.2 Courtesy of Stocksigns.
Figure 12.7 (a) – (c) Courtesy of DeWalt.
Figure 12.9 (a), (b) From Essentials of Health and Safety (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 071760716X. Crown copyright material
is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 12.10 (a), (b) From Essentials of Health and Safety (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 071760716X. Crown copyright material
is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 13.9 Courtesy of Armagard.
Figure 13.10 Courtesy of NEBOSH.
Figure 14.3 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, pages
240 and 248, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 14.4 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, page 9,
2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 14.5 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, page 8,
2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 14.6 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, page
340, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 14.7 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, page
363, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 14.9 Courtesy of Draeger Safety UK Limited.
Figure 14.13 From HSG53 The Selection, Use and Maintenance of Respiratory Protective Equipment (HSE Books 1998)
ISBN 0717615375. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller
of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.xxiv
Illustrations credits
Figure 14.14 Courtesy of Draper.
Figure 15.1 From HSG121 A Pain in Your Workplace (HSE Books 1994) ISBN 0717606686. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 15.3 From INDG175 (rev 1) Health Risks from Hand-Arm Vibration (HSE Books 1998) ISBN 0717615537.
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s
Printer for Scotland.
Figure 15.4 From HSG170 Vibration Solutions (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717609545. Crown copyright material is
reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 15.9 Reprinted from Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, ninth edition, Waugh and Grant, page
195, 2002, with permission from Elsevier.
Figure 15.12 Heat Stress Card published by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration, USA.
Figure 15.15 From INDG69 (rev) Violence at Work: A Guide for Employers (HSE Books 2000) ISBN 0717612716.
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and
Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 16.1 From HSG151 Protecting the Public – Your Next Move (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717611485. Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer
for Scotland.
Figure 16.3 From HSG185 Health and Safety in Excavations (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 0717615634. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Figure 16.7 From CIS49 (rev 1) General Access Scaffolds and Ladders. Construction Information Sheet No. 49
(revision) (HSE Books 2003). Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the
Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 16.9 From www.brattsladders.com .
Figure 16.10 From HSG149 Backs for the Future: Safe Manual Handling in Construction (HSE Books 2000) ISBN
0717611221. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 16.13 From HSG185 Health and Safety in Excavations (HSE Books 1999) ISBN 0717615634. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for
Scotland.
Figure 17.1 From INDG350 The Idiot’s Guide to CHIP: Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply)
Regulations 2002 (HSE Books 2002) ISBN 0717623335. Crown copyright material is reproduced
with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 17.8 From L23 Manual Handling Operations – Guidance on Regulations (HSE Books 2004) ISBN
071762823X. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Figure 18.6 From HSG65 Successful Health and Safety Management (HSE Books 1997) ISBN 0717612767. Crown
copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer
for Scotland.
Figure 20.1 Courtesy of Robert Kirkham.
Index
A
Abrasion hazards , 220
Absolute duty , 8
Access control , 352
Accident books , 159
Accident reports, key data to be covered
in , 160
Accidents:
see also incidents
categories of , 86 – 87
causes of , 153 , 174
costs of
direct , 21
indirect , 22
defi nitions , 2 , 85 , 153
electrical , 250
incident rate , 65
investigations , 66
benefits from , 155
high-level , 156
legal reasons for , 154 – 155
logic and understanding , 154
low-level , 156
managers role , 155
medium-level and minimal-level , 156
range of adverse events , 153 – 154
rates , 18 – 20
at work , 18 – 19 , 85 , 159 – 160
Accident triangle , 86
Accommodation for clothing , 335
ACOP see Approved Code of Practice
Action level values , 339
Active monitoring , 23
Adjustable guards , 224
Advisers, health and safety , 43 – 45
Agency workers ’ responsibilities under
HSW Act , 40
Air pollution , 313 – 314
Air receivers, examination , 209 – 210
Alarms , 352
voice , 281
Alcohol abuse damages , 352 – 354
Alpha particles , 344
Ammonia , 296
Anthropometry , 326
Appointed persons, first-aid , 123 – 124
Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) , 11 , 12 ,
335 , 371 , 401 , 410 , 432 , 433 , 534
Arcing, electric , 242 – 243
Asbestos, work involving , 130 – 132
Assembly and roll call:
in emergencies , 122 – 123
in event of evacuation , 279
Assessments:
see also risk assessment
exposure , 113
health surveillance , 113 – 114
safe systems of work , 115
Attenuation, of noise levels , 341 – 342
Audit:
of health and safety management
system , 23 , 141 – 142
B
Back pain, in truck drivers , 331
BATNEEC see Best Available Techniques
not Entailing Excessive Cost
Bench-top grinder:
hazards , 222
safeguards , 227 – 228
Best Available Techniques not Entailing
Excessive Cost , 313
Best Practicable Environmental Option
(BPEO) , 313
Beta particles , 344
Biological agents, forms of , 290
Biological health hazards , 290
Blocked thinking , 540
Boiler examination , 209 – 210
BPEO see Best Practicable Environmental
Option
Breathing apparatus , 308 – 309
Brush cutter/strimmer:
hazards , 221
safeguards , 229
Building, fire protection of , 273 – 275
Burns , 239 – 240
Buying problems , 47 – 48
C
Carbon dioxide , 296
Carbon monoxide , 296 – 297
Cardiovascular system , 294
Case law see civil law; common law;
criminal law
CDM see Construction Design and
Management
CDM Regulations 2007 , 372 – 373 , 432
CE markings , 47 – 48 , 205 – 207
Cement/concrete mixer:
hazards , 222
safeguards , 233
Cement dust , 371
Certificate of conformity , 206
Chainsaw:
boots , 232
hazards , 221
with rear handle , 230
safeguards , 229
Checklist:
hazard , 95
health and safety policy , 30 – 31
manual handling of load assessment ,
201 – 203566
Index
Checklist: (continued)
scaffolding faults , 52
sign , 110
for supply chain health and safety
management , 60 – 61
workplace inspection , 148 – 152
Checkout conveyor system:
hazards , 222
safeguards , 232 – 233
Chemical agents, forms of , 290
Chemicals (Hazard Information and
Packaging for Supply) Regulations
2002 and Amendment Regulations
classification – regulation , 4 , 424
collection authority , 422
globally harmonized system of
classification and labelling of
chemicals , 429
information and labelling – regulations
5 – 10 , 424
packaging of dangerous substance
– regulation 7 , 424 – 425
REACH strategy , 425 – 429
regulation 11 , 425
retention of data – regulation 12 , 425
supplier of a dangerous chemical ,
424 – 425
transfer note , 423
Chemical warning signs , 109
Chlorine , 296
Chronic hearing effects , 338
Circular saw, bench-mounted:
hazards , 222
safeguards , 233
schematic representation of , 234
Civil law , 4 , 5
Collisions:
pedestrians and flying objects , 171
pedestrians and moving vehicles ,
170 – 171
pedestrians and stationary objects , 171
Combined Code of Corporate Governance
2003 , 531
Commercial stakeholders:
and health and safety standards , 80
Common law , 5 – 6
based on judgements , 6
Common law torts and duties:
duty of care , 7
negligence , 6 – 7
Communication:
effective , 74 – 75
with employees and contractors , 35
influence on health and safety issues ,
75 – 77
report writing , 139 – 141
Compactor:
hazards , 222
safeguards , 232
Company car driver rules , 183
Compensation:
accidents/incidents , 162 – 163
claims , 167 – 168
Competence:
assessment , 229 – 232
defi nition , 73
Competent persons , 73 – 74
responsibities in permit system , 121
Confined space permit , 120
Confined Spaces Regulations (1997):
defi nitions , 430
emergency arrangements , 431
employer duties , 430
overview , 430 – 431
risk assessment , 430 – 431
safe system of work , 431
training , 432
work in confined space , 430
Construction Design and Management
(CDM2007) Regulations , 49 , 259
Construction (Design and Management)
(CDM) regulations 2007:
background and introduction , 432
civil liability , 445 – 446
duties of clients, CDM co-ordinators,
principal contractors and
contractors , 434 – 437
enforcement , 444
health and safety at construction sites ,
439 – 442
health and safety file , 439
regulation 2 , 433 – 434
regulations, application and notification ,
432 – 433
requirements under Section 17.8.3 , 437
roles of duty holders , 437 – 439
welfare facilities , 442 – 443
Construction (Head Protection)
Regulations (1989):
application , 444
provision and maintenance , 444
rules regulating wearing of suitable
head protection , 445
Construction industry:
accidents involving ladders , 382 – 383
Centre of the Regulations (Regulation 6) ,
365 – 366
Construction Design and Management
(CDM) Regulations 2007 , 364
construction phase health and safety
plan , 374
demolition work , 376
drowning prevention , 368
electrical hazards , 370
excavations , 368 , 389 – 390
fatality statistics , 363
fire and other emergencies , 369 – 370
hazards and control , 364 – 372 , 381 – 389
hazards associated with fragile surfaces ,
366 – 367
hazards associated with scaffolding
structures , 384 – 388 , 395
hazards associated with stepladders,
trestles and staging , 383 – 384
Health and Safety Executive (HSE) spot
checks , 363
health and safety file , 374 , 380
health hazards , 370 – 372
inspection and maintenance , 388 – 389 ,
390
management of construction activities ,
372 – 381
management of demolition work ,
367 – 368
method statement , 374
mobile elevated work platforms , 388
noise hazards , 370
notifiable work , 375
pre-construction health and safety
information , 374 , 397 – 398
protection against falling objects , 367
protection against falls from work at
height , 366
responsibilities of duty holders for nonnotifiable projects , 375 – 378
role of CDM Co-ordinator , 374 , 378
role of clients , 376 – 378
role of designers , 373 – 374 , 377 ,
378 – 379
role of other workers , 380
role of principle contractor , 374 ,
377 – 378
scope of construction , 364
selection and control of contractors ,
380 – 381
vehicles and traffic routes , 368 – 369
waste disposal , 372
welfare facilities , 370
work at height deaths , 364
work at height regulations , 365 – 366
Construction plant with driver protection ,
177
Construction site entrance signs , 109
Continual improvement , 533
Contractors:
authorization , 50
CDM2007 regulations and , 49
defi nition , 48
permit system , 120
rules for , 51 – 52
safety rules for , 50 – 51
selection , 49 – 50
at work , 50
Control:
see also risk control
COSHH measures , 292
electrical hazards , 245
fire hazards , 264 – 265
Control measures for electrical hazards ,
245Index
567
Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006 ,
511 – 512
Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002 ,
514
Control of Noise at Work Regulations , 339 ,
341
Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005:
decision chart , 481
elimination or control of exposure ,
482 – 483
employer requirements , 481
exposure limit values and action levels ,
480 – 482
health surveillance , 483 – 484
hearing protection , 483
maintenance and use of equipment ,
483
risk assessment , 482
suitable and sufficient information,
instruction and training , 484
Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 , 515
Control of Pollution (Oil Storage)
Regulations 2001 , 314
Control of risks see risk control
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Regulations (COSHH):
control measures required under
engineering , 305 – 306
example using , 312
hierarchy of , 304
personal protective equipment ,
307 – 311
preventative , 304 – 305
supervisory , 306 – 307
maintenance and emergency controls ,
311
principles of good practice , 88
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Regulations (COSHH) 2002/2005:
assessment forms , 321 – 322
assessments , 299 – 303
requirements , 299
role , 292
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Regulations (COSHH) 2002 and
2005 Amendment:
accidents and emergencies , 449 – 450
assessment of health risk , 447 – 448
COSHH requirements , 447
defence , 450
definition of substance hazardous to
health , 447
duties under COSHH , 447
health surveillance , 449
information, instruction and training ,
450
monitoring exposure , 449
overview , 446 – 447
prevention or control of exposure ,
448 – 449
use, maintenance, examination and test
of control measures , 449
Control of Vibration at Work Regulations
2005:
application , 502
assessment of risk to health created
by vibration at the workplace ,
502 – 503
elimination or control of exposure to
vibration at workplace , 503 – 504
exposure limit values and action values ,
502
health surveillance , 504
information, instruction and training ,
504
interpretation , 502
introduction , 502
Convection of heat , 262
Conveyors:
hazards and preventative measures , 193
roller, overhead, and slat , 192
Corporate homicide , 15
Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate
Homicide Act 2007 , 15 , 513
Corporate responsibility:
defi nitions , 1
Health and Safety Executive (HSE) , 1 – 2
COSHH see Control of Substances
Hazardous to Health Regulations
COSHH Essentials HSG193 , 371
Courts , 4 – 6
Cranes , 195 – 197
Criminal law:
government agencies enforcing , 3
Magistrates Court and Crown Court , 5
prosecution in criminal case , 4
Crown Court:
penalties, health and safety offences , 14
powers , 5
Crushing hazards , 220
Customer information , 47
Cutting hazards , 213 – 214
Cylinder mower:
hazards , 221
safeguards , 228 – 229
D
Damping , 342
Dangerous occurrence:
defi nition , 2 , 86
fire , 153
Dangerous substances:
control measures , 269
DSEAR regulations and , 268
fire hazards , 268fl
ammable gas cylinders , 270
mitigation measures , 269
risk assessment , 268
storage , 269 – 270
substitution , 268 – 269
Dangerous Substances and Explosive
Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR)
2002
accidents, incidents and emergencies ,
452
applications , 451
classification of workplaces , 452
contents of containers and pipes ,
452 – 453
elimination or reduction of risks , 451
information instruction and training ,
452
overview , 450
risk assessments , 451
scope , 450 – 451
Decibel (dB) , 338
Departmental managers, health and safety
responsibilities of , 43 , 58
Dermatitis , 295
Detector , 345
Direct burning, fire spread , 263
Directors, health and safety
responsibilities:
board members and , 40 – 41
health and safety policy development ,
41
management system , 41 – 42
monitoring and reporting, health and
safety information , 42
review of health and safety
performance , 42
Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) , 280
Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 ,
513
Disability Discrimination Act 2005 (DDA
2005) , 513
Display screen equipment (DSE):
basic ill-health hazards , 333 – 334
basic requirements of the regulations ,
333
eye strain , 334
keyboard and chair adjustments , 334
musculoskeletal problems , 334
psychological problems , 334
risk assessment of , 333
visual problems , 334
Documentation, safe systems of work ,
116 – 117
Document shredders:
machinery hazards , 220
safeguards , 227
Doors, means of escape from fire , 271
Double insulation:
on portable power tools , 247
sign , 247
Drawing-in hazards , 220
Drinking water , 335
Drivers:
of cars on company business, health and
safety rules for , 183568
Index
Drivers: (continued )
ergonomic considerations , 182
fitness and health , 181 – 182
risk evaluation , 180 – 183
route planning , 182
safety equipment , 182
scheduling , 182
time , 182
training , 180 – 181
vehicle condition , 182
weather conditions , 183
Drug abuse damages , 352 – 354
Duty of care , 7
E
Ear, human , 337 – 338
Ear defenders (earmuffs) , 343
Earplugs , 342 – 343
Earthing , 238
Economics:
and health and safety standards , 80
Effective audit , 532 – 533
Ejection hazards , 220
Electrical equipment:
inspection strategies , 249 – 250
maintenance strategies , 247 – 249
protective systems
fuse , 246 – 247
insulation and isolation , 247
reduced voltage systems , 247
selection of suitable , 236
Electrical fires and explosions , 241 – 242
Electrical hazards:
arcing , 242 – 243
control measures for , 245
electrical fires and explosions , 241 – 242
electric shock and burns , 239 – 240
portable electrical equipment , 243 – 245
secondary hazards , 245
static electricity , 243
Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations
1994 , 513 – 514
Electric arcing , 242 – 243
Electric burns , 239 – 240
Electric current, forms of , 237 – 238
Electric drills , 216 – 217
Electricity:
defi nitions , 238
hazards associated with see electrical
hazards
legislation to control and regulate use
of , 237 – 238
principles and measurement of ,
237 – 238
static , 243
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989:
adverse or hazardous environments , 456
competence , 457
connections , 457
cutting of supply and isolation , 457
defi nitions , 456
duties , 456
earthing, integrity and other suitable
precautions , 457
excess current protection , 457
strength and capability of equipment ,
456
systems, work activities and protective
equipment , 456
working space access and lighting , 457
work on dead electrical equipments , 457
Electric shock:
effect of , 239 – 240
treatment , 240
Elevators , 193
Emergencies:
assembly and roll call , 122 – 123
procedures , 34 , 35 , 122 – 123
supervisors , 122
Emergency fi rst aid at work (EFAW) , 126
Emergency lighting , 335 – 336
Employees:
duties under
HSW Act 1974 , 13 , 40
Management of Health and Safety at
Work Regulations 1999 , 16
duties when buying plant and
equipment , 47 – 48
representation , 79
Employers:
duties under HSW Act 1974 , 12 – 13
case study , 39
health and safety of workers , 38 – 39
night workers , 39
temporary workers , 39 – 40
visitors and general public , 39
duties under MHSW 1999 , 16
Employers ’ Health and Safety Policy
Statements (Exception) Regulations
1975 , 27
Employers ’ Liability (Compulsory
Insurance) Act , 4
Employers ’ Liability (Compulsory
Insurance) Act 1969 and
Regulations 1998 amended in 2002
application , 458
coverage , 458 – 459
display of certificate , 459
overview , 458
penalties , 459
retention of certificates , 459
Employers ’ liability insurance , 17 – 18
Employment tribunals , 5
Enforcement notices, HSW act:
improvement notice , 13 – 14
prohibition notice , 14
Engineering controls:
chemical safety , 305 – 306
COSHH regulations , 105
England and Wales:
court system in , 4 – 5
legal system , 4 – 5
sources of law , 6
Environment Agency , 17
role and function of , 17
Environmental considerations , 312
Environmental protection:
defi nitions , 2
Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1990 ,
312
application procedures , 419
best available techniques (414) , 413
duty of care , 421 – 422
EC Directive 96/61/EC on IPPC , 413
enforcement , 420 – 421
environmental impacts , 421
environmental permit applications ,
417 – 418
environmental permitting , 415
exempt and excluded waste operations ,
416 – 417
facilities for environmental permitting ,
416
framework , 413 – 415
hazardous waste , 422 – 423
integrated pollution prevention and
control (IPPC) , 413
management systems , 420
overview , 413
overview of the regulatory process , 415
permit conditions , 419
role of regulator , 417
standard rules , 419 – 420
standard permits , 420
transitional arrangements , 418
waste management licence , 423
Equipment:
controls , 210
operating and working environment ,
210 – 212
Ergonomics , 67
consequences of poor , 326 – 330
and Control of Vibration at Work
Regulations , 330 – 332
of display screen equipment , 333 – 334
principle and scope , 325 – 326
welfare and work environment issues ,
334 – 337
Errors, human see human errors
Escape routes, fire , 272
Escape times, fire , 273
EU see European Union
European Courts , 5 – 6
European Six Pack , 9
European Union (EU):
directives , 9
infl uence on health and safety , 9
Examination:
air receivers and boilers , 209 – 210
lifting equipment , 197 – 198Index
569
Excavations:
hazards associated with , 389
inspection and reporting requirements ,
390
precautions and controls , 389 – 390
Expectant mothers, risk assessment , 91 – 92
Explosions, electrical , 241 – 242
Exposure limit values , 339
External agencies:
Environment Agency , 17
Fire and Rescue Authority , 16
insurance companies , 17 – 18
External influences , 79 – 80
External sources, information on health
and safety , 18
Eye protection , 310
F
Falling from height , 172
Falling object protective structures (FOPS) ,
177 – 178
Falling object signs , 109
Fault and no-fault injury compensation
schemes , 536 – 537
Fines see penalties
Fire:
action signs , 108 , 109
basic principles , 259 – 260
causes of , 263 – 264
classification , 261 – 262
compartmentation , 274 – 275
consequences of , 264
detection , 270 – 271
drills , 280
electrical , 262
emergency plans , 278 – 280
extinguishers , 275 – 276
hazards and control , 264 – 265
loading , 273
means of escape in case of , 267 , 271 – 273
methods of extinguishing , 261
notices , 271 , 279 – 280 , 287
persons at risk , 265 – 266
plans , 268
protection in buildings , 273 – 275
and rescue authority, role and function
of , 16
resistance of structural elements , 274
risk assessment
findings , 267 , 286fi
re hazards identification , 264 – 265
maintenance and refurbishment,
combustible materials , 267 – 268
monitoring and reviewing , 267
recommended in Fire Safety Guides ,
284 – 285
structural features , 267
routines , 279
RRFSO:
enforcement , 258
offences , 258
safety duties , 257 – 258
safety signs , 109
spread , 262 – 263
surface spread of , 273 – 274
warning , 270 – 271
Fire fighting equipment (FFE):
extinguishing media , 275 – 277
maintenance and testing of , 278
sprinklers , 277 – 278
Fire hazards:
dangerous substances , 268 – 270
identification , 264 – 265
Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations
1999 , 256
Fire Services Act of 1947 , 255
First-aid:
appointed persons , 124
box , 124
personnel numbers , 125
provision on work site, minimum , 123
signs , 109
training and approval arrangements,
changes to , 124 – 126
First aiders , 123 – 124
Fixed guards , 223
Food Safety Act 1990 , 515
FOPS see falling object protective
structures
Fork-lift trucks:
hazards associated with use of , 193 – 194
uses of , 193
Forms:
incident investigation , 159
job safety analysis , 128
Fragile roof sign , 110
Fuses , 246 – 247
G
Gamma rays , 344
Gas Appliances (Safety) Regulations 1995 ,
514
Gas Safety (Installation and Use)
Regulations 1998 , 514
Genetic effects , 345
Guards:
adjustable , 224
construction , 233 – 234
fixed , 223
interlocking , 224 – 225
Guidance:
best practice , 12
legal , 12 – 13
H
Hand – arm vibration , 330 – 331
Hand-held power tools:
physical hazards and safeguards relating
to , 214 , 215
electric drills , 216 – 217
sanders , 217 – 218
safety controls and instructions , 215 – 216
Hand-held tools:
hazards from misuse of , 212 – 213
safety considerations , 213 – 214
Hand protection , 309 – 310
Hazard defi nition , 2
Hazardous substances:
classifi cation and health risks , 291 – 292
principles of good practice for control of
exposure to , 304
routes of entry into human body , 292
transport by road , 311 – 312
Hazardous Waste (England and Wales)
Regulations 2005 , 468 – 469
Hazardous Waste Regulations , 316
Hazards:
checklist , 33 , 95
defi nition , 85
fire , 268 – 270
heat and radiation , 343 – 347
identification , 88
manual handling , 185
mechanical handling , 191
mechanical machinery , 220 – 222
of mobile work equipment , 175 – 176
non-mechanical , 220
to pedestrians
being struck by moving objects , 171
collisions with moving vehicles ,
170 – 171
falls from work at height , 170
slips, trips and falls on same level , 170
striking against fixed objects , 171
and risk assessments , 60 – 61
in vehicle operations , 173 – 175
Health and safety:
human failures in
human errors , 70 – 71
violations , 71 – 72
legal framework for , 2
civil law , 4
criminal law , 3 – 4
management see health and safety
management
responsibilities, detailed
departmental managers , 58 – 59
employees and agency workers , 60
managing directors/chief executives ,
58
supervisors , 59 – 60
sources of information on , 18
training
benefits of , 75
job-specific , 77
legislation requiring , 82
needs and opportunities , 75 – 76
new employees and contractors ,
76 – 77
supervisory and management , 77570
Index
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HSW
Act):
approved code of practice , 11
background to , 9 – 10
CEO responsibility under , 28 , 42 – 43
duties of persons in control of premises
under , 45
duties of self-employed under , 45
enforcement of
enforcement notices , 13 – 14
penalties , 14
powers of inspectors , 13 , 14
work-related deaths , 14
general duties and key sections of ,
12 – 13
general duties in management
regulations , 11
guidance , 11 – 12
Health and Safety Executive (HSE) ,
10 – 11
section 2(3) of , 27
Health and Safety Commission (HSC):
guidance on safety duties of company
directors , 67
Health and safety committee:
objectives of , 53 – 54
Health and Safety (Consultation with
Employees) Regulations 1996 ,
54 – 56
application , 445
civil proceedings , 446
employer duties , 445
functions of RES , 446
ideas for elections , 446
information to be provided , 445 – 446
role of Representative(s) of Employee
Safety (RES) , 445 , 446
Health and safety culture:
components of , 64
consultation with workforce in
Health and Safety (Consultation with
Employees) Regulations 1996 and ,
54 – 56
on health and safety issues , 53
importance of , 52
Safety Representatives and Safety
Committees Regulations 1977 and ,
53 – 54
defi nition of , 63 – 64
development of positive
commitment by management ,
72 – 73
health and safety standards
promotion , 73 – 74
factor affecting , 65
human factors and
jobs , 67 – 68
organization , 66 – 67
personal factors , 68 – 70
indicators of , 64 – 65
Health and Safety (Display Screen
Equipment) Regulations 1992:
daily work routine of users , 454
defi nitions , 453
exemptions , 453
eyes and eyesight , 454
information on all aspects of health and
safety , 455
overview , 453
risk assessment , 454
training , 454 – 455
workstation regulations , 454
Health and Safety Executive (HSE):
corporate responsibility , 1 – 2
first-aid training courses , 124 – 126
guidance for manual lifting , 188
level of investigation of incident , 156
merger with Health and Safety
Commission , 10 – 11
Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations
1981 , 123
Health and Safety (First aid) Regulations
1981 as amended in 2002:
duties of employer , 467
employees information , 467
self employed regulations , 467
Health and Safety Information
(Amendment) Regulations , 15
Health and Safety (Information for
Employees) Regulations , 15
Health and Safety (Information for
Employees) Regulations 1989 , 467
Health and safety management:
auditing
aims of , 141
process of , 141
checklist for supply chain , 60 – 61
control arrangements , 38
financial arguments for , 21 – 22
key elements for effective , 22 – 23
legal arguments for , 20 – 21
levels of control of , 135 – 136
moral arguments for , 18 – 20
performance measurement
failures in risk control , 138
inspections , 136 – 138
safety sampling , 138
performance review , 142 – 143
responsibilities of
competent persons , 43 – 44
departmental managers , 43 , 58 – 59
directors , 40 – 42
health and safety practitioner , 44
managing directors/chief executives ,
42 – 43 , 58
supervisors , 43 , 59 – 60
Health and Safety Offences Act 2008 , 515
penalties under , 5
Health and safety performance
measurement:
active monitoring , 136 – 138
effective risk control , 135 – 136
frequency of monitoring and
inspections , 139
measurement at each management
level , 138 – 139
purpose of measuring , 134 – 135
reactive monitoring , 136
traditional approach to measuring ,
133 – 134
Health and safety policy:
checklist , 34 – 35
clear , 22
effective , 27
key elements/sections of
arrangements section , 30 – 31
health and safety adviser , 30
responsibilities, management , 29
statement of intent , 28 – 29
legal requirements of , 27 – 28
review of , 31 – 32
Health and safety practitioner , 44
Health and safety representatives,
functions of , 55
Health and safety rules, company car
drivers , 183
Health and Safety (Safety Signs and
Signals) Regulations 1996:
defi nitions , 495
functions of colours, shapes and
symbols in safety signs , 495 – 497
information, instruction and training ,
495
introduction , 495
provision and maintenance of safety
signs , 495
Health and safety standards:
influences on
external , 79 – 80
internal , 77 – 79
promotion , 73 – 74
Health definition , 2
Health hazards:
chemical , 291 – 293
specific agents , 296 – 299
Health risks:
categories of , 87
health surveillance of workers to assess ,
113
principles of control for , 112
survey techniques , 302 – 303
from work activities , 112 – 113
Health surveillance , 113 – 114 , 311
Heat hazards , 343 – 344
see also radiation hazards
Heat stroke , 343
Heat transmission principles , 262 – 263
Heinrich’s accidents/incidents ratio , 66
High voltage apparatus, work permit , 120
Highway Code , 11 , 182Index
571
Hoists , 196
Hold-to-run controls , 226
Hot work permit , 120 – 121
Housekeeping, risk control , 111 , 138
HSC see Health and Safety Commission
HSE Guidance document L108 , 340
HSG , 65 , 525
HSW Act see Health and Safety at Work Act
HSW Act 1974:
duties of employees , 409
duties of employers , 408
duties of manufacturers/suppliers , 409
duties of owners/occupiers , 408 – 409
modernization of health and safety law
in Great Britain , 410 – 413
offences , 409 – 410
powers of inspectors , 409
Schedule 3A , 411 – 412
Human body, routes of entry , 292 – 296
Human errors:
mistakes , 71
slips and lapses , 70 – 71
steps to reduce likelihood of , 71
Human factors:
defi nition of , 66
jobs , 67 – 68
organization , 66 – 67
personal factors , 68 – 70
I
ICC see Incident Contact Centre
Ignition sources , 259
Ill-health effects, of ergonomic hazards:
due to vibration , 327
hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) ,
327 – 328
Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
measures , 329 – 330
preventative and precautionary
measures , 329 – 330
whole-body vibration (WBV) , 328 – 329
work-related upper limb disorders
(WRULDs) , 327
Ill health reports, key data to be covered
in , 160
Ill-health statistics in isolation, problems
with use of , 134
ILO-OSH 2001 guidelines , 529 – 530 , 534
Improvement notice , 13 – 14
Incident Contact Centre (ICC) , 161
Incident reports, key data to be covered
in , 160
Incidents:
causes of , 153
data analysis/collection , 161 – 162
investigation
basic elements to , 157
benefits from , 155
follow-up , 158
form , 159
high-level , 156
immediate , 156 – 157
key date for medium level of , 159
legal reasons for , 154 – 155
logic and understanding , 154
low-level , 156
managers role in , 155
medium-level and minimal-level ,
156
range of adverse events , 153 – 154
recommendations , 158
by supervisors , 156
training of people involved in ,
158 – 159
witnesses , 158
legal recording and reporting
requirements , 159 – 161
Individual capability, manual handling
assessment , 187 , 190
Induction training , 76 – 77
Infrared radiation , 346
Injuries:
see also accidents
accident investigation , 155 – 156
manual handling , 186 , 189 – 190
risk to employees , 174 – 175
Injury/ill-health statistics in isolation,
problems with use of , 134
Inspections:
frequency , 139
proactive monitoring and measuring
performance , 136 – 138
Provision and Use of Work Equipment
Regulations 1998 , 167
reports, workplace , 147
standards , 138
Inspectors, powers of:
decision to prosecute , 14
under HSW Act , 13
Insulating materials , 274
Insurance:
accidents/incidents , 162 – 163
claims , 167 – 168
companies influence on health and
safety standards , 17 , 80
premiums , 18
Interlocking guard , 224 – 225
Internal infl uences , 77 – 79
Internal roadway with markings , 175
Internal sources, information on health
and safety , 18
International aspects, of health and safety:
benefits and problems associated with
occupational health and safety
systems , 535
characteristics of a successful
occupational health and safety
management system , 531 – 533
fault and no-fault injury compensation
schemes , 536 – 537
hazards of working in unfamiliar
countries and/or climates , 536
International General Certificate exam ,
537
occupational health and safety
management systems , 524 – 530
role and function of the International
Labour Organization (ILO) , 521 – 523
role of regulatory authorities , 534 – 535
scope , 519 – 521
International General Certificate exam , 537
International Labour Organization (ILO),
role and function:
Codes of Practice, guidance and
manuals , 522 – 523
continual improvement , 533
conventions and recommendations ,
521 – 523
effective audit , 532 – 533
guiding policies for action , 521 – 522
main principles , 521
protection measures , 522
stakeholders , 532
Investigation:
basic elements to , 157 – 158
benefits from , 155
follow-up , 158
form , 159
high-level , 156
immediate , 156 – 157
key date for medium level of , 159
legal reasons for , 154 – 155
logic and understanding , 154
low-level , 156
managers role in , 155
medium-level , 156
minimal-level , 156
range of adverse events , 153 – 154
recommendations , 158
by supervisors , 156
training of people involved in , 158 – 159
witnesses , 158
Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999
(IRR99):
duties of self-employed people , 469
general requirements , 469 – 470
radiation employers , 469
risk assessment , 470
working with ionizing radiation , 469
Ionizing radiation see radiation hazards
Isocyanates , 297
Isolation of the workers , 342
Isolators , 248
J
Job:
considerations in design of , 67 – 68
health and safety, causes for failures in , 68
safety analysis form , 128
training , 77572
Index
L
Lagging , 342
Lasers , 346
Legal arguments , 20 – 21
Legal framework , 3 – 4
Legal guidance , 11 – 12
Legal reasons, incidents/accidents
investigations , 154 – 155
Legal requirements, health and safety:
acts and regulations, summarized ,
405 – 408
agreement between the Scottish
Executive and the Health and
Safety Executive , 402 – 404
general framework , 401 – 402
Health and Safety Executive (HSE) , 402
relationship between the regulator and
industry , 402
in Scotland , 402
Legal system:
in England and Wales , 4 – 5
in Scotland , 5
Legionella , 298
Legislation and enforcement , 79
Leptospirosis see Weil’s disease
Levels of statutory duty , 8 – 9
Lifting equipment:
code of practice for safe use of , 197
cranes , 195 – 197
fork-lift trucks , 193 – 194
positioning and installation of , 190
risk assessment for use of , 204
statutory examination , 197 – 198
types of , 191 – 197
Lifting operations:
organization of , 191
requirements for , 191
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
Regulations (LOLER) 1998 as
amended in 2002:
applications , 471
defi nitions
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