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 |  موضوع: كتاب Advanced Bioelectronic Materials الأربعاء 02 يناير 2019, 3:53 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله
أحضرت لكم كتاب
Advanced Bioelectronic Materials
من سلسلة علم المواد المتقدمة
Advanced Material Series
Ashutosh Tiwari, Hirak K. Patra and Anthony P.F. Turner
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Contents
Preface xv
Part 1 Recent Advances in Bioelectronics 1
1 Micro- and Nanoelectrodes in Protein-Based Electrochemical
Biosensors for Nanomedicine and Other Applications 3
Niina J. Ronkainen
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Microelectrodes 7
1.2.1 Electrochemistry and Advantages of
Microelectrodes 7
1.2.2 Applications, Cleaning, and Performance of
Microelectrodes 16
1.3 Nanoelectrodes 18
1.3.1 Electrochemistry and Advantages of
Nanoelectrodes 21
1.3.2 Applications and Performance of
Nanoelectrodes 23
1.4 Integration of the Electronic Transducer, Electrode,
and Biological Recognition Components (such as
Enzymes) in Nanoscale-Sized Biosensors and
Teir Clinical Applications 26
1.5 Conclusion 27
Acknowledgment 28
References 28
2 Radio-Frequency Biosensors for Label-Free Detection of
Biomolecular Binding Systems 35
Hee-Jo Lee, Sang-Gyu Kim, and Jong-Gwan Yook
2.1 Overview 35
2.2 Introduction 36viii Contents
2.3 Carbon Nanotube-Based RF Biosensor 37
2.3.1 Carbon Nanotube 37
2.3.2 Fabrications of Interdigital Capacitors with
Carbon Nanotube 38
2.3.3 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotube 39
2.3.4 Measurement and Results 40
2.4 Resonator-Based RF Biosensor 40
2.4.1 Resonator 40
2.4.2 Sample Preparation and Measurement 42
2.4.3 Functionalization of Resonator 42
2.5 Active System-Based RF Biosensor 45
2.5.1 Principle and Conf guration of System 45
2.5.2 Fabrication of RF Active System with Resonator 46
2.5.2.1 Functionalization of Resonator 46
2.5.3 Measurement and Result 47
2.6 Conclusions 49
Abbreviations 51
References 52
3 Afnity Biosensing: Recent Advances in Surface Plasmon
Resonance for Molecular Diagnostics 55
S. Scarano, S. Mariani, and M. Minunni
3.1 Introduction 56
3.2 Artists of the Biorecognition: New Natural and
Synthetic Receptors as Sensing Elements 58
3.2.1 Antibodies and Teir Mimetics 58
3.2.2 Nucleic Acids and Analogues 62
3.2.3 Living Cells 63
3.3 Recent Trends in Bioreceptors Immobilization 65
3.4 Trends for Improvements of Analytical Performances
in Molecular Diagnostics 69
3.4.1 Coupling Nanotechnology to Biosensing 70
3.4.2 Micro?uidics and Microsystems 76
3.4.3 Hyphenation 78
3.5 Conclusions 78
References 80
4 Electropolymerized Materials for Biosensors 89
Gennady Evtugyn, Anna Porfreva and Tibor Hianik
4.1 Introduction 89Contents ix
4.2 Electropolymerized Materials Used in Biosensor
Assembly 93
4.2.1 General Characteristic of
Electropolymerization Techniques 93
4.2.2 Instrumentation Tools for Monitoring of
the Redox-Active Polymers in the Biosensor
Assembly 97
4.2.3 Redox-Active Polymers Applied in Biosensor
Assembly 99
4.3 Enzyme Sensors 107
4.3.1 PANI-Based Enzyme Sensors 107
4.3.2 PPY and Polythiophene-Based Enzyme Sensors 117
4.3.3 Enzyme Sensors Based on Other Redox-Active
Polymers Obtained by Electropolymerization 127
4.3.4 Enzyme Sensors Based on Other Polymers
Bearing Redox Groups 135
4.4 Immunosensors Based on Redox-Active Polymers 137
4.5 DNA Sensors Based on Redox-Active Polymers 149
4.5.1 PANI-Based DNA Sensors and Aptasensors 149
4.5.2 PPY-Based DNA Sensors 153
4.5.3 Tiophene Derivatives in the DNA Sensors 157
4.5.4 DNA Sensors Based on Polyphenazines
and Other Redox-Active Polymers 159
4.6 Conclusion 162
Acknowledgments 163
References 163
Part 2 Advanced Nanostructures in Biosensing 187
5 Graphene-Based Electrochemical Platform for Biosensor
Applications 189
Norazriena Yuso?, Alagarsamy Pandikumar,
Huang Nay Ming, and Lim Hong Ngee
5.1 Introduction 189
5.2 Graphene 192
5.3 Synthetic Methods for Graphene 195
5.4 Properties of Graphene 197
5.5 Multi-functional Applications of Graphene 199
5.6 Electrochemical Sensor 200x Contents
5.7 Graphene as Promising Materials for
Electrochemical Biosensors 201
5.7.1 Graphene-Based Modifed Electrode
for Glucose Sensors 201
5.7.2 Graphene-Based Modifed Electrode
for NADH Sensors 202
5.7.3 Graphene-Based Modifed Electrode for
NO Sensors 204
5.7.4 Graphene-Based Modifed Electrode for H2O2 206
5.8 Conclusion and Future Outlooks 207
References 208
6 Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Bioimaging 215
Suresh Kumar Kailasa, Vaibhavkumar N. Mehta,
Nazim Hasan, and Hui-Fen Wu
6.1 Introduction 215
6.2 CDs as Fluorescent Probes for Imaging of
Biomolecules and Cells 216
6.3 Conclusions and Perspectives 224
References 224
7 Enzyme Sensors Based on Nanostructured Materials 229
Nada F. Atta, Shimaa M. Ali, and Ahmed Galal
7.1 Biosensors and Nanotechnology 229
7.2 Biosensors Based on Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 230
7.2.1 Glucose Biosensors 233
7.2.2 Cholesterol Biosensors 237
7.2.3 Tyrosinase Biosensors 240
7.2.4 Urease Biosensors 243
7.2.5 Acetylcholinesterase Biosensors 244
7.2.6 Horseradish Peroxidase Biosensors 246
7.2.7 DNA Biosensors 248
7.3 Biosensors Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles 252
7.4 Biosensors Based on Quantum Dots 260
7.5 Conclusion 267
References 268
8 Biosensor Based on Chitosan Nanocomposite 277
Baoqiang Li, Yinfeng Cheng, Feng Xu, Lei Wang, Daqing Wei,
Dechang Jia, Yujie Feng, and Yu Zhou
8.1 Introduction 278Contents xi
8.2 Chitosan and Chitosan Nanomaterials 278
8.2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Chitosan 279
8.2.2 Biocompatibility of Chitosan 280
8.2.3 Chitosan Nanomaterials 281
8.2.3.1 Blending 281
8.2.3.2 In Situ Hybridization 282
8.2.3.3 Chemical Grafing 285
8.3 Application of Chitosan Nanocomposite in Biosensor 285
8.3.1 Biosensor Confgurations and Bioreceptor
Immobilization 285
8.3.2 Biosensor Based on Chitosan Nanocomposite 287
8.3.2.1 Biosensors Based on Carbon
Nanomaterials–Chitosan Nanocomposite 287
8.3.2.2 Biosensors Based on Metal and Metal
Oxide–Chitosan Nanocomposite 290
8.3.2.3 Biosensors Based on Quantum
Dots–Chitosan Nanocomposite 293
8.3.2.4 Biosensors Based on Ionic
Liquid–Chitosan Nanocomposite 293
8.4 Emerging Biosensor and Future Perspectives 294
Acknowledgments 298
References 298
Part 3 Systematic Bioelectronic Strategies 309
9 Bilayer Lipid Membrane Constructs: A Strategic
Technology Evaluation Approach 311
Christina G. Siontorou
9.1 Te Lipid Bilayer Concept and the Membrane
Platform 312
9.2 Strategic Technology Evaluation: Te Approach 318
9.3 Te Dimensions of the Membrane-Based Technology 319
9.4 Technology Dimension 1: Fabrication 322
9.4.1 Suspended Lipid Platforms 322
9.4.2 Supported Lipid Platforms 327
9.4.3 Micro- and Nano-Fabricated Lipid Platforms 331
9.5 Technology Dimension 2: Membrane Modelling 333
9.6 Technology Dimension 3: Artifcial Chemoreception 336
9.7 Technology Evaluation 337
9.8 Concluding Remarks 339
Abbreviations 340
References 340xii Contents
10 Recent Advances of Biosensors in Food Detection Including
Genetically Modifed Organisms in Food 355
T. Varzakas, Georgia-Paraskevi Nikoleli, and
Dimitrios P. Nikolelis
10.1 Electrochemical Biosensors 356
10.2 DNA Biosensors for Detection of GMOs Nanotechnology 360
10.3 Aptamers 371
10.4 Voltammetric Biosensors 372
10.5 Amperometric Biosensors 373
10.6 Optical Biosensors 374
10.7 Magnetoelastic Biosensors 375
10.8 Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Biosensors for
Odor Detection 375
10.9 Quorum Sensing and Toxo?avin Detection 376
10.10 Xanthine Biosensors 377
10.11 Conclusions and Future Prospects 378
Acknowledgments 379
References 379
11 Numerical Modeling and Calculation of Sensing Parameters
of DNA Sensors 389
Hediyeh Karimi, Farzaneh Sabbagh, Mohammad Eslami,
Hamid sheikhveisi, Hossein Samadyar, and Omid Talaee
11.1 Introduction to Graphene 390
11.1.1 Electronic Structure of Graphene 391
11.1.2 Graphene as a Sensing Element 391
11.1.3 DNA Molecules 392
11.1.4 DNA Hybridization 392
11.1.5 Graphene-Based Field E?ect Transistors 394
11.1.6 DNA Sensor Structure 395
11.1.7 Sensing Mechanism 396
11.2 Numerical Modeling 397
11.2.1 Modeling of the Sensing Parameter
(Conductance) 397
11.2.2 Current–Voltage (Id–Vg) Characteristics
Modeling 400
11.2.3 Proposed Alpha Model 401
11.2.4 Comparison of the Proposed Numerical Model
with Experiment 404
References 407Contents xiii
12 Carbon Nanotubes and Cellulose Acetate Composite for
Biomolecular Sensing 413
Padmaker Pandey, Anamika Pandey, O. P. Pandey, and
N. K. Shukla
12.1 Introduction 413
12.2 Background of the Work 416
12.3 Materials and Methodology 419
12.3.1 Preparation of Membranes 419
12.3.2 Immobilisation of Enzyme 420
12.3.3 Assay for Measurement of Enzymatic Reaction 420
12.4 Characterisation of Membranes 420
12.4.1 Optical Microscope Characterisation 420
12.4.2 Scanning Electron Microscope Characterisation 422
12.5 pH Measurements Using Di?erent Membranes 422
12.5.1 For Un-immobilised Membranes 422
12.5.2 For Immobilised Membranes 422
12.6 Conclusion 424
Reference 425
13 Review of the Green Synthesis of Metal/Graphene Composites
for Energy Conversion, Sensor, Environmental, and
Bioelectronic Applications 427
Shude Liu, K.S. Hui, and K.N. Hui
13.1 Introduction 428
13.2 Metal/Graphene Composites 428
13.3 Synthesis Routes of Graphene 429
13.3.1 CVD Synthesis of Graphene 429
13.3.2 Liquid-Phase Production of Graphene 433
13.3.3 Epitaxial Growth of Graphene 436
13.4 Green Synthesis Route of Metal/Graphene Composites 438
13.4.1 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Metal/Graphene
Composites 439
13.4.2 Non-toxic Reducing Agent 442
13.4.3 In Situ Sonication Method 444
13.4.4 Photocatalytic Reduction Method 446
13.5 Green Application of Metal/Graphene and Doped
Graphene Composites 447
13.5.1 Energy Storage and Conversion Device 447
13.5.2 Electrochemical Sensors 45013.5.3 Wastewater Treatment 451
13.5.4 Bioelectronics 452
13.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective 456
Acknowledgments 457
References 457
14 Ion Exchangers – An Open Window for the Development
of Advanced Materials with Pharmaceutical and Medical
Applications 467
Silvia Vasiliu, Violeta Celan, Stefania Racovita, Cristina Doina
Vlad, Maria-Andreea Lungan, and Marcel Popa
14.1 Introduction 468
14.1.1 Classifcation of IER 469
14.2 Characteristics of IER and Methods of Characterization 470
14.2.1 Crosslinking Degree 470
14.2.2 Moisture Content and Swelling Degree 471
14.2.3 Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution 472
14.2.4 Porosity 472
14.2.5 Ion Exchange Capacity 473
14.2.6 Functional Groups 474
14.2.7 Selectivity of the IER 475
14.2.8 Stability 475
14.2.9 Toxicity 476
14.3 Resinate Preparation 476
14.4 Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications 477
14.4.1 Taste and Odor Masking 479
14.4.2 Tablet Disintegrant and Rapid Dissolution
of Drug 482
14.4.3 Controlled Drug Delivery 482
14.4.3.1 Oral Drug Delivery 486
14.4.3.2 Ophthalmic Drug Delivery 491
14.4.3.3 Ion Exchangers for Cancer Treatment 493
14.4.4 Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems 494
14.4.5 Ion Exchangers as Terapeutics 494
14.5 Conclusions 495
References 495
Index
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