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 |  موضوع: كتاب Solid Liquid Separation - Fourth Edition الثلاثاء 26 ديسمبر 2017, 10:26 pm | |
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Solid Liquid Separation - Fourth Edition
Ladislav Svarovsky, Dipl Ing, PhD, CEng, FlCherm E
Professor of Chemical Engineering, EPS Institute, England and
University of Pardubice,Czech Republic
OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHIContents
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Preface to the fourth edition
Preface to the first edition
1 Introduction to solid-liquid separation— L. Svarovsky
Pretreatment of suspensions
Equipment and principles
The spectrum of particle size
References 28
2 Characterization of particles suspended in liquids— L. Svarovsky
Introduction, the reasons for particle characterization
Definitions of particle size
Types of particle size distribution
Measures of central tendency
Presentation of data
Sampling
Laboratory measurement of particle size
On-line measurement techniques
Statistical measurement control
Appendix 2.1
Appendix 2.2
References
Further reading
3 Efficiency of separation of particles from fluids— L. Svarovsky
Introduction
66
3.1 66
3.2 Basic definitions and mass balance equations
Basic relationships between £T, G(x) and the particle size
distributions of the products
Modifications of efficiency definitions for applications with
an appreciable underflow-to-throughput ratio
A new method of testing separators
Nomenclature 101
References 102
4 Coagulation and flocculation
Part I
— M. A. Hughes
Introduction
104
4.1 104vi Contents
4.2 The colloidal model
4.3 Electrokinetic phenomena and the zeta potential
4.4 Practical applications of the zeta potential
4.5 Flocculation by polyelectrolytes
4.6 Other considerations
References
Bibliography
Part II
— Orthokinetic flocculation— K. J. Ives
Nomenclature
130
130
Introduction
Theory
Laboratory testing
Practical flocculators
Current developments
5 Gravity clarification and thickening— L. Svarovsky
Clarifiers
Thickeners
166
5.1 167
5.2 178
References
Further reading
188
189
6 Hydrocyclones— L. Svarovsky
Nomenclature
191
191
6.1 Introduction and description
Liquid flow patterns
Motion of suspended particles
Pressure distribution within the flow, static pressure drop
Hydrocyclone function, design and merits
Theories of separation
Hydrocyclone selection and scale-up
Design variations, other design features
Applications
Conclusions
7 Separation by centrifugal sedimentation— L. Svarovsky
Nomenclature
246
246
7.1 Introduction 246
7.2 Theoretical performance predictions
Equipment
Factors affecting the choice of centrifugal equipment
Recent developments
247
7.3 256
7.4 269
7.5 272
References 279Contents vii
8 Filter media, filter rating— Lawrence G. Loff
Introduction
Filter media— general
Cartridge filters
Rigid porous media
Non-woven media
Woven wire
Woven fabrics
Material selection
Filter rating
Summary
8.9 298
8.10 299
Bibliography 300
9 Filtration fundamentals— L. Svarovsky
Nomenclature
302
302
9.1 Introduction
Flow rate-pressure drop relationships
Filtration operations— basic equations, incompressible
cakes
Filtration operations— basic equations, compressible
cakes
Relationship between specific cake resistance, porosity
and specific surface
Cake moisture correction— mass balance
Further development of filtration theory
The benefits of pre-thickening
Filtration of non-Newtonian liquids
References 333
10 Cake washing— L. Svarovsky
Introduction, methods of washing solids
Principle of cake washing, the washing curve
Is it always best to dewater before cake washing?
How much wash liquid is needed?
Can the washing curve be predicted?
An example of a cake washing calculation
Cake washing on continuous filters
Practical considerations
11 Methods for limiting cake growth— L. Svarovsky
Introduction
Removal of cake by mass forces
Mechanical cake removal
Dislodging of cake by reverse flow
349
11.1 349
11.2 350
11.3 351
11.4 351viii Contents
11.5
11.6
References
Bibliography
Prevention of cake deposition by vibration
Cross-flow filtration
352
353
363
365
12 Pressure filtration— L. Svarovsky
Part I— Batch pressure filtration
12.1
12.2
368
368
Introduction 368
Batch pressure filtration 369
Part II
— Continuous filtration
Continuous pressure filtration
393
12.3
References
393
406
13 Vaccum filtration— L. Svarovsky
Nutsche filter
Enclosed agitated vacuum filters
Vacuum leaf filter
Tipping pan filter
Horizontal rotating pan filters
Horizontal belt vacuum filters
Rotary vacuum drum filters
Rotary vacuum disc filters
Selection of continuous vacuum filters
Improvement of filter performance by physical
pretreatment of the slurry
References 430
14 Centrifugal filtration— L. Svarovsky
Perforate basket centrifuge
Peeler centrifuge
Conical basket centrifuge
Pusher centrifuge
Scale-up and testing
15 Countercurrent washing of solids— L. Svarovsky
Introduction
The pumping arrangements
Advantages and capabilities of a countercurrent
washing system
Mass balance calculations for the solids
Washing efficiency calculations
Washing train design recommendations
Applications, case studies
15.7 464Contents ix
References
Conclusions
Appendix
16 Separator series and networks— L. Svarovsky
Introduction
Series connections on overflow
Series connections on underflow
Series connections on both outlets
Mass balance calculations
References
17 The selection of solid-liquid separation
equipment— H. G. W. Pierson
References
512
Introduction 512
Sedimentation or filtration?
Sedimentation equipment
Filtration equipment
A note from the editor
18 Particle-fluid interaction, thermodynamics of solid-liquid
separation— L. Svarovsky
Part I
— Particle-fluid interaction
Nomenclature
References
Part IT— Thermodynamics of solid-liquid separation
Nomenclature
References
Introduction
Motion of particles in fluids
Flow through packed beds
Particles in non-Newtonian liquids
Introduction
Some notes on entropy
Entropy index
Criterion of separation
Estimates of sediment porosity
Conclusions
Index 549
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