rambomenaa كبير مهندسين
عدد المساهمات : 2041 التقييم : 3379 تاريخ التسجيل : 21/01/2012 العمر : 46 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير الصيانة بشركة تصنيع ورق الجامعة : حلوان
| موضوع: كتاب Fluid Power Engineering الجمعة 06 سبتمبر 2013, 12:25 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Fluid Power Engineering M. Galal Rabie, Ph.D. Professor of Mechanical Engineering Modern Academy for Engineering and Technology Cairo, Egypt
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Preface xix 1 Introduction to Hydraulic Power Systems . 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Classification of Power Systems . 2 1.2.1 Mechanical Power Systems . 2 1.2.2 Electrical Power Systems . 3 1.2.3 Pneumatic Power Systems 4 1.2.4 Hydrodynamic Power Systems 5 1.2.5 Hydrostatic Power Systems . 6 1.3 Basic Hydraulic Power Systems . 8 1.4 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydraulic Systems . 9 1.5 Comparing Power Systems . 10 1.6 Exercises . 11 1.7 Nomenclature . 13 2 Hydraulic Oils and Theoretical Background . 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Basic Properties of Hydraulic Oils . 16 2.2.1 Viscosity . 16 2.2.2 Oil Density . 25 2.2.3 Oil Compressibility 30 2.2.4 Thermal Expansion 37 2.2.5 Vapor Pressure . 38 2.2.6 Lubrication and Anti-Wear Characteristics 39 2.2.7 Compatibility . 39 2.2.8 Chemical Stability . 39 2.2.9 Oxidation Stability 39 2.2.10 Foaming . 39 2.2.11 Cleanliness . 40 2.2.12 Thermal Properties 45 2.2.13 Acidity . 452.2.14 Toxicity 45 2.2.15 Environmentally Acceptable Hydraulic Oils 46 2.3 Classification of Hydraulic Fluids 46 2.3.1 Typically Used Hydraulic Fluids . 46 2.3.2 Mineral Oils 47 2.3.3 Fire-Resistant Fluids . 47 2.4 Additives . 49 2.5 Requirements Imposed on the Hydraulic Liquid 49 2.6 Exercises . 50 2.7 Nomenclature . 53 Appendix 2A Transfer Functions . 54 Appendix 2B Laminar Flow in Pipes 55 3 Hydraulic Transmission Lines . 59 3.1 Introduction 59 3.2 Hydraulic Tubing 59 3.3 Hoses 64 3.4 Pressure and Power Losses in Hydraulic Conduits 68 3.4.1 Minor Losses . 68 3.4.2 Friction Losses . 70 3.5 Modeling of Hydraulic Transmission Lines 72 3.6 Exercises . 76 3.7 Nomenclature . 77 Appendix 3A The Laplace Transform . 77 The Direct Laplace Transform . 77 The Inverse Laplace Transform 77 Properties of the Laplace Transform . 77 Laplace Transform Tables . 78 Appendix 3B Modeling and Simulation of Hydraulic Transmission Lines . 79 The Single-Lump Model 79 The Two-Lump Model . 80 The Three-Lump Model 81 The Four-Lump Model . 81 Higher-Order Models 82 Case Study . 82 4 Hydraulic Pumps . 89 4.1 Introduction 89 4.2 Ideal Pump Analysis 91 4.3 Real Pump Analysis 94 4.4 Cavitation in Displacement Pumps 97 x C o n t e n t sC o n t e n t s xi 4.5 Pulsation of Flow of Displacement Pumps . 98 4.6 Classification of Pumps 100 4.6.1 Bent Axis Axial Piston Pumps . 100 4.6.2 Swash Plate Pumps with Axial Pistons 103 4.6.3 Swash Plate Pumps with Inclined Pistons . 105 4.6.4 Axial Piston Pumps with Rotating Swash Plate-Wobble Plate 106 4.6.5 Radial Piston Pumps with Eccentric Cam Ring 106 4.6.6 Radial Piston Pumps with Eccentric Shafts . 108 4.6.7 Radial Piston Pumps of Crank Type . 109 4.6.8 External Gear Pumps 109 4.6.9 Internal Gear Pumps . 114 4.6.10 Gerotor Pumps . 115 4.6.11 Screw Pumps . 117 4.6.12 Vane Pumps 117 4.7 Variable Displacement Pumps . 122 4.7.1 General 122 4.7.2 Pressure-Compensated Vane Pumps 123 4.7.3 Bent Axis Axial Piston Pumps with Power Control 125 4.8 Rotodynamic Pumps . 128 4.9 Pump Summary . 130 4.10 Pump Specification 134 4.11 Exercises . 134 4.12 Nomenclature . 137 5 Hydraulic Control Valves . 139 5.1 Introduction 139 5.2 Pressure-Control Valves 141 5.2.1 Direct-Operated Relief Valves . 141 5.2.2 Pilot-Operated Relief Valves 144 5.2.3 Pressure-Reducing Valves 147 5.2.4 Sequence Valves . 152 5.2.5 Accumulator Charging Valve . 155 5.3 Directional Control Valves 157 5.3.1 Introduction 157 5.3.2 Poppet-Type DCVs 157 5.3.3 Spool-Type DCVs . 1585.3.4 Control of the Directional Control Valves 161 5.3.5 Flow Characteristics of Spool Valves 167 5.3.6 Pressure and Power Losses in the Spool Valves 169 5.3.7 Flow Forces Acting on the Spool . 170 5.3.8 Direct-Operated Directional Control Valves 172 5.3.9 Pilot-Operated Directional Control Valves 173 5.4 Check Valves . 175 5.4.1 Spring-Loaded Direct-Operated Check Valves . 175 5.4.2 Direct-Operated Check Valves Without Springs . 176 5.4.3 Pilot-Operated Check Valves Without External Drain Ports . 176 5.4.4 Pilot-Operated Check Valves with External Drain Ports . 178 5.4.5 Double Pilot-Operated Check Valves . 178 5.4.6 Mechanically Piloted Pilot-Operated Check Valves . 179 5.5 Flow Control Valves . 179 5.5.1 Throttle Valves 180 5.5.2 Sharp-Edged Throttle Valves 180 5.5.3 Series Pressure-Compensated Flow Control Valves 181 5.5.4 Parallel Pressure-Compensated Flow Control Valves—Three-Way FCVs . 184 5.5.5 Flow Dividers . 185 5.6 Exercises . 188 5.7 Nomenclature . 190 Appendix 5A Control Valve Pressures and Throttle Areas . 191 Conical Poppet Valves . 191 Cylindrical Poppets with Conical Seats . 192 Spherical Poppet Valves 193 Circular Throttling Area 196 Triangular Throttling Area 197 Appendix 5B Modeling and Simulation of a Direct-Operated Relief Valve 198 xii C o n t e n t sC o n t e n t s xiii Construction and Operation of the Valve . 199 Mathematical Modeling 199 Computer Simulation 201 Static Characteristics . 201 Transient Response 202 Nomenclature . 204 6 Accessories 207 6.1 Introduction 207 6.2 Hydraulic Accumulators . 208 6.2.1 Classification and Operation 208 6.2.2 The Volumetric Capacity of Accumulators . 210 6.2.3 The Construction and Operation of Accumulators . 211 6.2.4 Applications of Hydraulic Accumulators 216 Energy Storage 216 Emergency Sources of Energy . 219 Compensation for Large Flow Demands 221 Pump Unloading 224 Reducing the Actuator’s Response Time 224 Maintaining Constant Pressure 225 Thermal Compensation 226 Smoothing of Pressure Pulsations 227 Load Suspension on Load Transporting Vehicles 231 Absorption of Hydraulic Shocks . 232 Hydraulic Springs . 235 6.3 Hydraulic Filters 237 6.4 Hydraulic Pressure Switches 238 6.4.1 Piston-Type Pressure Switches 238 6.4.2 Bourdon Tube Pressure Switches . 239 6.4.3 Pressure Gauge Isolators . 240 6.5 Exercises . 241 6.6 Nomenclature . 243 Appendix 6A Smoothing Pressure Pulsations by Accumulators 243Appendix 6B Absorption of Hydraulic Shocks by Accumulators 246 Nomenclature and Abbreviations . 249 7 Hydraulic Actuators 251 7.1 Introduction 251 7.2 Hydraulic Cylinders . 251 7.2.1 The Construction of Hydraulic Cylinders . 252 7.2.2 Cylinder Cushioning 253 7.2.3 Stop Tube 256 7.2.4 Cylinder Buckling . 256 7.2.5 Hydraulic Cylinder Stroke Calculations 258 7.2.6 Classifications of Hydraulic Cylinders . 258 7.2.7 Cylinder Mounting 261 7.2.8 Cylinder Calibers 262 7.3 Hydraulic Rotary Actuators . 264 7.3.1 Rotary Actuator with Rack and Pinion Drive 264 7.3.2 Parallel Piston Rotary Actuator 264 7.3.3 Vane-Type Rotary Actuators 265 7.4 Hydraulic Motors 265 7.4.1 Introduction 265 7.4.2 Bent-Axis Axial Piston Motors 266 7.4.3 Swash Plate Axial Piston Motors . 267 7.4.4 Vane Motors 268 7.4.5 Gear Motors 269 7.5 Exercises . 269 7.6 Nomenclature . 271 Appendix 7A Case Studies: Hydraulic Circuits . 272 8 Hydraulic Servo Actuators . 281 8.1 Construction and Operation 281 8.2 Applications of Hydraulic Servo Actuators . 283 8.2.1 The Steering Systems of Mobile Equipment . 283 8.2.2 Applications in Machine Tools 284 8.2.3 Applications in Displacement Pump Controls 285 8.3 The Mathematical Model of HSA 286 8.4 The Transfer Function of HSA . 289 8.4.1 Deduction of the HSA Transfer Function, Based on the Step Response 289 xiv C o n t e n t sC o n t e n t s xv 8.4.2 Deducing the HSA Transfer Function Analytically 289 8.5 Valve-Controlled Actuators . 292 8.5.1 Flow Characteristics . 292 8.5.2 Power Characteristics 295 8.6 Exercises . 296 8.7 Nomenclature 297 Appendix 8A Modeling and Simulation of a Hydraulic Servo Actuator . 298 A Mathematical Model of the HSA . 299 Simulation of the HSA . 300 Nomenclature 303 9 Electrohydraulic Servovalve Technology 305 9.1 Introduction 305 9.2 Applications of Electrohydraulic Servos 306 9.3 Electromagnetic Motors 306 9.4 Servovalves Incorporating Flapper Valve Amplifi ers . 311 9.4.1 Single-Stage Servovalves . 311 9.4.2 Two-Stage Electrohydraulic Servovalves . 313 9.5 Servovalves Incorporating Jet Pipe Amplifi ers 324 9.6 Servovalves Incorporating Jet Deflector Amplifiers . 327 9.7 Jet Pipe Amplifiers Versus Nozzle Flapper Amplifi ers . 330 9.8 Exercises . 331 10 Modeling and Simulation of Electrohydraulic Servosystems 333 10.1 Introduction 333 10.2 Electromagnetic Torque Motors . 333 10.2.1 Introducing Magnetic Circuits . 333 10.2.2 Magnetic Circuit of an Electromagnetic Torque Motor . 336 10.2.3 Analysis of Torque Motors 337 10.3 Flapper Valves 340 10.4 Modeling of an Electrohydraulic Servo Actuator 342 10.5 Exercises . 347 10.6 Nomenclature . 348 Appendix 10A Modeling and Simulation of an EHSA . 349xvi C o n t e n t s Numerical Values of the Studied System . 350 Torque Motors 351 Single-Stage Electrohydraulic Servovalves . 352 Two-Stage Electrohydraulic Servovalves . 354 Electrohydraulic Servo Actuators (EHSAs) . 358 Appendix 10B Design of P, PI, and PID Controllers . 361 11 Introduction to Pneumatic Systems . 367 11.1 Introduction 367 11.2 Peculiarities of Pneumatic Systems . 367 11.2.1 Effects of Air Compressibility . 367 11.2.2 The Effect of Air Density 372 11.2.3 The Effect of Air Viscosity . 372 11.2.4 Other Peculiarities of Pneumatic Systems 372 11.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Pneumatic Systems 373 11.3.1 Basic Advantages of Pneumatic Systems 373 11.3.2 Basic Disadvantages of Pneumatic Systems 373 11.4 Basic Elements of Pneumatic Systems 374 11.4.1 Basic Pneumatic Circuits 374 11.4.2 Air Compressors 374 11.4.3 Pneumatic Reservoirs 378 11.4.4 Air Filters . 378 11.4.5 Air Lubricators 379 11.4.6 Pneumatic Control Valves 379 11.5 Case Studies: Basic Pneumatic Circuits . 385 11.5.1 Manual Control of a SingleActing Cylinder . 385 11.5.2 Unidirectional Speed Control of a Single-Acting Cylinder . 385 11.5.3 Bidirectional Speed Control of a Single-Acting Cylinder . 385 11.5.4 OR Control of a Single-Acting Cylinder 386 11.5.5 AND Control of a Single-Acting Cylinder 387C o n t e n t s xvii 11.5.6 AND Control of Single-Acting Cylinders; Logic AND Control 387 11.5.7 Logic NOT Control 387 11.5.8 Logic MEMORY Control 388 11.5.9 Bidirectional Speed Control of a Double-Acting Cylinder 388 11.5.10 Unidirectional and Quick Return Control of a Double-Acting Cylinder 389 11.5.11 Dual Pressure Control of a DoubleActing Cylinder . 391 11.5.12 Semi-Automatic Control 392 11.5.13 Fully Automatic Control of a Double-Acting Cylinder 392 11.5.14 Timed Control of a DoubleActing Cylinder . 392 11.5.15 Basic Positional Control of a Double-Acting Cylinder 392 11.5.16 Electro-Pneumatic Logic AND . 396 11.5.17 Electro-Pneumatic Logic OR 396 11.5.18 Electro-Pneumatic Logic MEMORY . 397 11.5.19 Electro-Pneumatic Logic NOT . 398 11.6 Exercises . 398 11.7 Nomenclature . 399 References . 401 Index
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| موضوع: رد: كتاب Fluid Power Engineering الجمعة 06 سبتمبر 2013, 1:07 pm | |
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| موضوع: رد: كتاب Fluid Power Engineering الجمعة 06 سبتمبر 2013, 1:45 pm | |
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rambomenaa كبير مهندسين
عدد المساهمات : 2041 التقييم : 3379 تاريخ التسجيل : 21/01/2012 العمر : 46 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير الصيانة بشركة تصنيع ورق الجامعة : حلوان
| موضوع: رد: كتاب Fluid Power Engineering الجمعة 06 سبتمبر 2013, 9:56 pm | |
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rambomenaa كبير مهندسين
عدد المساهمات : 2041 التقييم : 3379 تاريخ التسجيل : 21/01/2012 العمر : 46 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير الصيانة بشركة تصنيع ورق الجامعة : حلوان
| موضوع: رد: كتاب Fluid Power Engineering الجمعة 06 سبتمبر 2013, 9:57 pm | |
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- mechri djelloul كتب:
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