كتاب Essential Concepts of Bearing Technology - Rolling Bearing Analysis

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أحضرت لكم كتاب
Essential Concepts of Bearing Technology
Rolling Bearing Analysis
5th Edition
Tedric A. Harris
Michael N. Kotzalas

و المحتوى كما يلي :

Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Rolling Bearing Types and Applications
1.1 Introduction to Rolling Bearings
1.2 Ball Bearings
1.2.1 Radial Ball Bearings
1.2.1.1 Single-Row Deep-Groove Conrad-Assembly Ball Bearing
1.2.1.2 Single-Row Deep-Groove Filling-Slot Assembly Ball Bearings
1.2.1.3 Double-Row Deep-Groove Ball Bearings
1.2.1.4 Instrument Ball Bearings
1.2.2 Angular-Contact Ball Bearings
1.2.2.1 Single-Row Angular-Contact Ball Bearings
1.2.2.2 Double-Row Angular-Contact Ball Bearings
1.2.2.3 Self-Aligning Double-Row Ball Bearings
1.2.2.4 Split Inner-Ring Ball Bearings
1.2.3 Thrust Ball Bearings
1.3 Roller Bearings
1.3.1 General
1.3.2 Radial Roller Bearings
1.3.2.1 Cylindrical Roller Bearings
1.3.2.2 Needle Roller Bearings
1.3.3 Tapered Roller Bearings
1.3.4 Spherical Roller Bearings
1.3.5 Thrust Roller Bearings
1.3.5.1 Spherical Roller Thrust Bearings
1.3.5.2 Cylindrical Roller Thrust Bearings
1.3.5.3 Tapered Roller Thrust Bearings
1.3.5.4 Needle Roller Thrust Bearings
1.4 Linear Motion Bearings
1.5 Bearings for Special Applications
1.5.1 Automotive Wheel Bearings
1.5.2 Cam Follower Bearings
1.5.3 Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine and Power Transmission Bearings
1.6 Closure
References
Chapter 2
Rolling Bearing Macrogeometry
2.1 General
2.2 Ball Bearings
2.2.1 Osculation
2.2.2 Contact Angle and Endplay
2.2.3 Free Angle of Misalignment
2.2.4 Curvature and Relative Curvature
2.3 Spherical Roller Bearings
2.3.1 Pitch Diameter and Diametral Play
2.3.2 Contact Angle and Free Endplay
2.3.3 Osculation
2.3.4 Curvature
2.4 Radial Cylindrical Roller Bearings
2.4.1 Pitch Diameter, Diametral Clearance, and Endplay
2.4.2 Curvature
2.5 Tapered Roller Bearings
2.5.1 Pitch Diameter
2.5.2 Endplay
2.5.3 Curvature
2.6 Closure
References
Chapter 3
Interference Fitting and Clearance
3.1 General
3.2 Industrial, National, and International Standards
3.2.1 Method of Establishment and Scope
3.2.2 Tolerances for Press-Fitting of Bearing Rings on Shafts and in Housings
3.3 Effect of Interference Fitting on Clearance.
3.4 Press Force
3.5 Differential Expansion
3.6 Effect of Surface Finish
3.7 Closure
References
Chapter 4
Bearing Loads and Speeds
4.1 General
4.2 Concentrated Radial Loading
4.2.1 Bearing Loads
4.2.2 Gear Loads
4.2.3 Belt-and-Pulley and Chain Drive Loads
4.2.4 Friction Wheel Drives
4.2.5 Dynamic Loading Due to an Eccentric Rotor
4.2.6 Dynamic Loading Due to a Crank-Reciprocating Load Mechanism
4.3 Concentrated Radial and Moment Loading
4.3.1 Helical Gear Loads
4.3.2 Bevel Gear Loads
4.3.3 Hypoid Gear
4.3.4 Worm Gear
4.4 Shaft Speeds
4.5 Distributed Load Systems
4.6 Closure
References
Chapter 5
Ball and Roller Loads Due to Bearing Applied Loading
5.1 General
5.2 Ball–Raceway Loading
5.3 Symmetrical Spherical Roller–Raceway Loading
5.4 Tapered and Asymmetrical Spherical Roller–Raceway
and Roller–Flange Loading
5.5 Cylindrical Roller–Raceway Loading
5.5.1 Radial Loading
5.5.2 Roller Skewing Moment
5.6 Closure
Chapter 6
Contact Stress and Deformation
6.1 General
6.2 Theory of Elasticity
6.3 Surface Stresses and Deformations
6.4 Subsurface Stresses
6.5 Effect of Surface Shear Stress
6.6 Types of Contacts
6.7 Roller End–Flange Contact Stress
6.8 Closure
References
Chapter 7
Distributions of Internal Loading in Statically Loaded Bearing
7.1 General
7.2 Load–Deflection Relationships
7.3 Bearings under Radial Load
7.4 Bearings under Thrust Load
7.4.1 Centric Thrust Load
7.4.2 Angular-Contact Ball Bearings
7.4.3 Eccentric Thrust Load
7.4.3.1 Single-Direction Bearings
7.4.3.2 Double-Direction Bearings
7.5 Bearings under Combined Radial and Thrust Load
7.5.1 Single-Row Bearings
7.5.2 Double-Row Bearings
7.6 Closure
References
Chapter 8
Bearing Deflection and Preloading
8.1 General
8.2 Deflections of Bearings with Rigidly Supported Rings
8.3 Preloading
8.3.1 Axial Preloading
8.3.2 Radial Preloading
8.3.3 Preloading to Achieve Isoelasticity
8.4 Limiting Ball Bearing Thrust Load
8.4.1 General Considerations
8.4.2 Thrust Load Causing Ball to Override Land
8.4.3 Thrust Load Causing Excessive Contact Stress
8.5 Closure
References
Chapter 9
Permanent Deformation and Bearing Static Capacity
9.1 General
9.2 Calculation of Permanent Deformation
9.3 Static Load Rating of Bearings
9.4 Static Equivalent Load
9.5 Fracture of Bearing Components
9.6 Permissible Static Load
9.7 Closure
References
Chapter 10
Kinematic Speeds, Friction Torque, and Power Loss
10.1 General
10.2 Cage Speed
10.3 Rolling Element Speed
10.4 Rolling Bearing Friction
10.5 Rolling Bearing Friction Torque
10.5.1 Ball Bearings
10.5.1.1 Torque Due to Applied Load
10.5.1.2 Torque Due to Lubricant Viscous Friction
10.5.1.3 Total Friction Torque
10.5.2 Cylindrical Roller Bearings
10.5.2.1 Torque Due to Applied Load
10.5.2.2 Torque Due to Lubricant Viscous Friction
10.5.2.3 Torque Due to Roller End–Ring Flange Sliding Friction
10.5.2.4 Total Friction Torque
10.5.3 Spherical Roller Bearings
10.5.3.1 Torque Due to Applied Load
10.5.3.2 Torque Due to Lubricant Viscous Friction
10.5.3.3 Total Friction Torque
10.5.4 Needle Roller Bearings
10.5.5 Tapered Roller Bearings
10.5.6 High-Speed Effects
10.6 Bearing Power Loss
10.7 Thermal Speed Ratings
10.8 Closure
References
Chapter 11
Fatigue Life: Basic Theory and Rating Standards
11.1 General
11.2 Rolling Contact Fatigue
11.2.1 Material Microstructure before Bearing Operation
11.2.2 Alteration of the Microstructure Caused by Over-Rolling
11.2.3 Fatigue Cracking and Raceway Spalling Caused by
Over-Rolling
11.2.4 Fatigue Failure-Initiating Stress and Depth
11.3 Fatigue Life Dispersion
11.4 Weibull Distribution
11.5 Dynamic Capacity and Life of a Rolling Contact
11.5.1 Line Contact
11.6 Fatigue Life of a Rolling Bearing
11.6.1 Point-Contact Radial Bearings
11.6.2 Point-Contact Thrust Bearings
11.6.3 Line-Contact Radial Bearings
11.6.4 Line-Contact Thrust Bearings
11.6.5 Radial Roller Bearings with Point and Line Contact
11.6.6 Thrust Roller Bearing with Point and Line Contact
11.7 Load Rating Standards
11.8 Effect of Variable Loading on Fatigue Life
11.9 Fatigue Life of Oscillating Bearings
11.10 Reliability and Fatigue Life
11.11 Closure
References
Chapter 12
Lubricants and Lubrication Techniques
12.1 General
12.2 Types of Lubricants
12.2.1 Selection of Lubricant Type
12.2.2 Liquid Lubricants
12.2.3 Greases
12.2.4 Polymeric Lubricants
12.2.5 Solid Lubricants
12.3 Liquid Lubricants
12.3.1 Types of Liquid Lubricants
12.3.1.1 Mineral Oil
12.3.1.2 Synthetic Oils
12.3.1.3 Environmentally Acceptable Oils
12.3.2 Base Stock Lubricant
12.3.3 Properties of Base Liquid Lubricants
12.3.3.1 Viscosity
12.3.3.2 Viscosity Index
12.3.3.3 Pour Point
12.3.3.4 Flash Point
12.3.3.5 Evaporation Loss
12.3.4 Lubricant Additive
12.3.4.1 Purpose
12.3.4.2 VI Improvers
12.3.4.3 Extreme Pressure/Antiwear
12.3.4.4 Other Additives
12.4 Grease
12.4.1 How Grease Lubrication Functions
12.4.2 Advantages of Grease Lubrication
12.4.3 Types of Greases
12.4.3.1 General
12.4.3.2 Lithium Soap Greases
12.4.3.3 Calcium Soap Greases
12.4.3.4 Sodium Soap Greases
12.4.3.5 Aluminum Complex Greases
12.4.3.6 Nonsoap-Base Greases
12.4.3.7 Inorganic Thickeners for Grease
12.4.3.8 Combining Greases
12.4.4 Grease Properties
12.4.4.1 Properties of Retained Oil
12.4.4.2 Dropping Point
12.4.4.3 Low-Temperature Torque
12.4.4.4 Oil Separation
12.4.4.5 Penetration
12.5 Solid Lubricants
12.6 Lubricant Delivery Systems
12.6.1 Oil Bath/Splash Oil
12.6.2 Circulating Oil
12.6.3 Air–Oil/Oil Mist
12.6.4 Grease
12.6.5 Polymeric Lubricant
12.7 Seals
12.7.1 Function of Seals
12.7.2 Types of Seals
12.7.2.1 Labyrinth Seals
12.7.2.2 Shields
12.7.2.3 Elastomeric Lip Seals
12.7.2.4 Garter Seals
12.8 Closure
References
Chapter 13
Structural Materials of Bearings
13.1 General
13.2 Rolling Bearing Steels
13.2.1 Types of Steels for Rolling Components
13.2.2 Through-Hardening Steels
13.2.3 Case-Hardening Steels
13.2.4 Steels for Special Bearings
13.3 Steel Manufacture
13.3.1 Melting Methods
13.3.2 Raw Materials
13.3.3 Basic Electric Furnace Process
13.3.4 Vacuum Degassing of Steel
13.3.5 Ladle Furnace
13.3.6 Methods for Producing Ultrahigh-Purity Steel
13.3.6.1 Vacuum Induction Melting
13.3.6.2 Vacuum Arc Remelting
13.3.6.3 Electroslag Refining
13.3.7 Steel Products
13.3.8 Steel Metallurgical Characteristics
13.3.8.1 Cleanliness
13.3.8.2 Segregation
13.3.8.3 Structure
13.4 Effects of Processing Methods on Steel Components
13.5 Heat Treatment of Steel
13.5.1 Basic Principles
13.5.2 Time–Temperature Transformation Curve
13.5.3 Continuous Cooling Transformation Curves
13.5.4 Hardenability
13.5.5 Hardening Methods
13.5.6 Through-Hardening, High-Carbon–Chromium
Bearing Steels
13.5.6.1 General Heat Treatment
13.5.6.2 Martensite
13.5.6.3 Marquenching
13.5.6.4 Bainite
13.5.7 Surface Hardening
13.5.7.1 Methods
13.5.7.2 Carburizing
13.5.7.3 Carbonitriding
13.5.7.4 Induction Heating
13.5.7.5 Flame-Hardening
13.5.8 Thermal Treatment for Structural Stability
13.5.9 Mechanical Properties Affected by Heat Treatment
13.5.9.1 Elasticity
13.5.9.2 Ultimate Strength
13.5.9.3 Fatigue Strength
13.5.9.4 Toughness
13.5.9.5 Hardness
13.5.9.6 Residual Stress
13.6 Materials for Special Bearings
13.7 Cage Materials
13.7.1 Material Types
13.7.2 Low-Carbon Steel
13.7.3 Brass
13.7.4 Bronze
13.7.5 Polymeric Cage Materials
13.7.5.1 Advantages and Disadvantages
13.7.5.2 Rolling Bearing Polymer Cages
13.7.6 High-Temperature Polymers
13.8 Seal Materials
13.8.1 Function, Description, and Illustration
13.8.2 Elastomeric Seal Materials
13.9 Tribological Coatings for Bearing Components
13.9.1 Coatings in General
13.9.2 Coating Deposition Processes
13.9.2.1 General
13.9.2.2 Chemical Conversion Coatings
13.9.2.3 Electroplating and Electroless Plating
13.9.2.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition
13.9.2.5 Physical Vapor Deposition
13.9.3 Surface Treatments for Mitigation of Damage Mechanisms
Associated with Severe Operating Conditions
13.9.3.1 General
13.9.3.2 Interruption or Lack of Lubricant Supply to the Bearing
13.9.3.3 False Brinelling
13.9.3.4 Indentations Caused by Hard Particle Contaminants
13.9.3.5 Severe Wear (Galling or Smearing)
13.9.3.6 Surface-Initiated Fatigue
13.10 Closure
References
Chapter 14
Vibration, Noise, and Condition Monitoring
14.1 General
14.2 Vibration- and Noise-Sensitive Applications
14.2.1 Significance of Vibration and Noise
14.2.2 Noise-Sensitive Applications
14.2.3 Vibration-Sensitive Applications
14.3 The Role of Bearings in Machine Vibration
14.3.1 Bearing Effects on Machine Vibration
14.3.2 Structural Elements
14.3.3 Variable Elastic Compliance
14.3.4 Geometric Imperfections
14.3.4.1 General
14.3.4.2 Microscale
14.3.4.3 Waviness and Other Form Errors
14.3.5 Waviness Model
14.4 Measurement of Nonroundness and Vibration
14.4.1 Waviness Testing
14.4.2 Vibration Testing
14.4.3 Bearing Pass Frequencies
14.4.4 Relation of Vibration and Waviness or Other Defects
14.5 Detection of Failing Bearings in Machines
14.6 Condition-Based Maintenance
14.7 Closure
References
Appendix

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