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 |  موضوع: كتاب Fundamentals of Machine Design Vol 4 الأحد 06 أغسطس 2023, 3:02 am | |
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أخواني في الله
أحضرت لكم كتاب
Fundamentals of Machine Design Vol 4
P. Orlov
Translated From the Russian
By a. Troitsky
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents
Chapter 1. Torque Transmission . 7
1.1. Keyed J o i n t s . 7
1.2. Splined and Serrated J o in ts . 28
1.3. Prismatic and Shaped Shaft-End J o in ts 69
1.4. Pinned Joints . 73
1.5. Flanged Joints . 77
1.6. Frictional J o i n t s . 86
1.7. Other Types of J o in ts . 110
1.8. Fastening of Levers on S h a fts 117
Chapter 2. Plain (Sliding-Contact) Bearings . 118
2.1. Clearances . 119
2.2. Fluid, Semifluid and Semidry F riction 119
2.3. Hydrodynamic Lubrication . 121
2.4. Calculation of Fluid-Friction Bearings 145
2.5. Introduction of Oil into B earings 156
2.6. Elimination of Edge L o a d s 163
2.7. Bearings Operating in Conditions of Semifluid and Semidry Friction . 165
2.8. Antifriction Properties of M aterials 167
2.9. Bearing Materials . 168
2.10. Microgeometry of Bearing Surfaces 186
2.11. Split Bearings . 187
2.12. Bushings . 193
2.13. Adjusting the Clearance in Bearings 198
2.14. Self-Aligning Bearings . 200
2.15. Bearings with Floating B ushings 203
2.16. High-Speed and Vibration-Proof Bearings 205
2.17. Feeding Oil into S h a fts . . 210
2.18. Thrust Bearings . 214
Chapter 3. Antifriction (Rolling-Contact) B e a r in g s 257
3.1. Types of Bearings . 258
3.2. Materials . 267
3.3. Manufacturing Accuracy Grades . 268
3.4. Coefficient of Friction. Allowable Peripheral Speeds . . . 268
3.5. Load-Carrying Capacity and D urability 270
3.6. Selection of Bearing S eries . 274
3.7. Fastening of Bearings on S h a fts . 278
3.8. Installation of Bearings in H ousings 281
3.9. Design Elements of Bearing Fastenings 287
3.10. Needle Bearings . 308
3.11. Thrust Ball Bearings . 3126 Contents
3.12. Typical Bearing U n its 317
3.13. F i t s 317
3.14. Assembly of Rolling-Contact B earings . 329
3.15. High-Speed Bearings . 348
3.16. High-Temperature Bearings . 357
Chapter 4. Lock (Snap) R in g s . 364
4.1. Lathe-Turned Rings . 364
4.2. Wire Rings 372
4.3. Punched R i n g s 376
4.4. Axial Locking in Stop J o in t s . 377
4.5. Reinforcing Stop J o in ts . 379
4.6. Radial-Assembly Snap R in g s . 379
4.7. Grooveless S t o p s 381
4.8. Special Designs 382
Index . 383
Index
Bearing(s), antifriction (rolling-contact), 257
allowable speeds of, 269, 270
assembly of, 329
adjusting axial position of
shafts, 347
axial, 330
combined installation of slidingand rolling-contact bearings, 340
concentric installation of, 341
elastic installation of, 336
installation of, on incomplete
cylindrical surfaces, 344
installation of, on output and
input shafts, 343
multiple-bearing installations,
338
raceless installation of, 346
radial, 331
self-aligning bearings, 333
twin installations, 331
coefficient of friction in, 269
design elements of fastenings, 287
durability of, 270
fastening of, on shafts, 278
fits for, 317
circulating and local loading,
324
classes of, 326
effect of thermal deformations,
324
in housings (basic-shaft system), 327
on shafts (basic-hole system),
327
gyroscopic moments in, 297
high-speed, 348
cages for, 351
cageless roller, 354
design features of, 350
design of supports with, 349
increasing the cyclic durability
of, 356
lubrication of, 354
high-temperature, 357
cages for, 361
heat-resistant lubricants for,
361
lubrication of, 361-363
by transfer, 361
powder, 362, 363
ventilation powder, 362
materials for
cermet(s), 361
heat-resistant alloy(s), 358
heat-resistant steel (s), 358,
359
high-speed steel(s), 358, 359
metal ceramic alloy(s), 360,
361
silchrome steel(s), 358, 359
sinterable coating(s), 362
Stellite(s), 360
installation of, in housings, 281
on adapter sleeves, 286
load-carrying capacity of, 270
manufacturing accuracy grades
for, 268
materials for, 267
preloading of, 300
radial, 258
double-row ball, 258
double-row spherical ball, 258
installation of, 290
needle, 261
installation of, 308
raceless, 310
roller, 260
self-aligning double-row roller,
single-row ball, 258
spherocylindrical, 261
tapered roller, 261
installation of, 305
preload of, 306, 307
thrust ball, 260
installation of, 296
preload of, 303
series of, 274384 Index
special designs of, 254
structural proportions of, 265, 267
thrust, 261
double-row ball, 262
double-row roller, 263
installation of, 312
single-row ball, 261
spherotapered, 263
with cylindrical rollers, 263
with tapered rollers, 263
thrust-radial, 263
typical bearing units, 318-322
with built-in seals, 264
with split races, 263
with grooved outer races, 284
with tapered bores, 280
Bearing(s), plain (sliding-contact), 118
clearance in 119
critical, 125
temperature, 218
diagram(s),
polar load cycle, 153
wear, 159
diameter of, 141
elastic, 202
fits for, 119
fluid-friction,
calculation of, 145
load-carrying capacity of, 125
self-adjustment of, 144
footstep, 214
hydraulic, 222
friction in,
boundary, 144
fluid, 119
friction in,
fluid, 119
coefficient of, 134
semidry, 121
semifluid, 121
Giimbel semicircle, 125
high-speed, 205
hydrodynamic thrust, 223
hydrostatic thrust, 245
load-carrying capacity of, 247
losses due to friction in, 247
rigidity of, 251
self-aligning, 247
with pockets, 246
laminated-wood, 184
load(s),
edge, 163
permissible unit, 154
load-carrying capacity of, 154
loading, types of, 152
lobed, 209
locking, 218
lubrication of,
boundary, 121
centrifugal scheme, 214
hydrodynamic, 121
materials for, 168
alloy(s),
aluminium-iron-nickel, 176
aluminium-tin, 170
light, 176
magnesium, 178
zink-aluminium, 170
babbitt(s),
cadmium, 170
high-tin, 169
lead-tin, 170
low-tin, 170
tinless (lead), 170
bronze (s),
aluminium-iron, 174
lead, 172
tin, 174
tin-lead, 174
tin-zinc-lead, 174
Capron (polycaprolactam), 182
carbon graphite, 185
cast iron(s), 176
graphitoplastics, 185
metal ceramics, 179
metal-polymer films, 174
multi-layer coatings, 173
plastics, 181
rubber, 184
silver, 173
Teflon, 183
Textolite (laminated fabric),
182
wood, 183
multiple-wedge, 208
oil-distributing grooves, 160
oil-feed holes, 157
oil grooves, 159
oil layer thickness,
critical, 129
minimum relative, 124
operating characteristic, 128
critical, 129
operational phases of, 143
Petrov’s formula, 134
ratio,
eccentricity, 124
mean clearance, 119
optimal clearance, 130
reliability factor of, 129
rubber, 184
segmental, 209
self-aligning, 200
semidry-friction, 165Index 385
semifluid friction, 165
side leakage in, 142
Sommerfeld’s number, 127
split, 187
supports, end, 214
thermal calculation of, 148
through-flow circulation of oil in,
161
thrust, 214
collar, 220
disk-type, 226
double-wedge, 233
single wedge, 232
with floating washers, 219
with self-aligning segments, 240
with spherical support, 234
with spherical thrust surfaces,
221
with stepped carrying surfaces,
237
velocity of, corrected, 153
vibration-proof, 205
Vogelpohrs formula, 134
vortex,
conical, 131
cylindrical, 131
cylindrical half-speed, 131
with floating bushings, 203
working viscosity of oil, 155
Bearing bushingfs),
floating, 20o
solid, 193
Bearing shell (s),
thick-walled, 187
thin-walled, 190, 194
Connection, of coaxial splined shafts,
67
Fastening, of levers on shafts, 117
Joint(s),
clamped, 108
load-carrying capacity of, 109
cross-shaped, 73
flanged, 77
frictional, 86
Gripspring, 96
load-carrying capacity of, 99
keyed, 7
axial tightening in, 23
design rules for, 24
fits for, 19
power tightening in, 21
special designs of, 26
stressed, 9
unstressed, 10
multiple-pin, 74
pinned, 73
prismatic shaft-end, 69
shaped shaft-end, 73
splined, 28
angular fixation in, 69
axial tightening of, 64
calculation of, 55
centring of,
from major diameter, 29
from minor diameter, 30
from side faces, 31
special types of, 65
design rules for, 57
fits for,
heavy drive, 34
major-diameter, 32
minor-diameter, 34
side-hearing, 35
flanged, 55
radial tightening of, 65
series of, 31, 32
tapered, 41
withdrawal means in, 68
taper, 86
assembly of, 90
load-carrying capacity of, 92
press-fitted, 86
tightened, 86, 90
crested, 27 1
driving, 10
flat taper, 9
gib-head, 9
fuide (feather), 15 alf-round, 26
high prismatic, 15, 16
inserted (sunk), 10
polyhedron, 26
prismatic (plain parallel), 10
round, 26
saddle taper,r9
sliding, 15
tangent, 9
taper, 9
trapezoidal, 26
T-snaped, 26
Woodruff (semi-circular), 17
Keyway(s), machining of, 11
Pin(s),
axial, 73
inclined, 76386 Index
radial, 75
taper, 76
Ring(s), lock (snap), 364
bevelled, 378
carrying-capacity of, 368
external, 366
grooveless, 381
installation and removal of, 370
internal, 365
inverted-profile, 377
lathe-turned, 364
L-shaped, 379
multi-coil, 375
punched, 376
radial-assembly, 379
special designs of, 382
structural proportions of, 365
wire, 372
Splinefs),
effective depth of, 42
end-face, 53
constrained bending in, 53
strength of, 54
grinding of, 30
grooved, 47
coefficient of effective stress
concentration for, 48
corrected bending stress for, 47
corrected crushing stress for, 47
strength of, 47
involute, 35
coefficient of effective stress
concentration for, 51
corrected bending stress for, 51
corrected crushing stress for, 51
strength of, 50
with rounded tooth space, 52
lightened (recessed), 64
straight-sided (parallel-side), 29
coefficient of effective stress
concentration for, 43
corrected bending stress for, 43
corrected crushing stress for, 43
strength of, 42
trapezoidal, 41, 50
triangular, 40
coefficient of effective stress
concentration for, 49
corrected bending stress for, 49
corrected crushing stress for, 48
strength of, 48
Spline fillet, relative radius of, 43
Spline profile, relative thickness of, 43
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