Admin مدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 19001 التقييم : 35505 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب The Petroleum Shipping Industry - Volume I الإثنين 07 مارس 2022, 5:17 pm | |
|
أخواني في الله أحضرت لكم كتاب The Petroleum Shipping Industry - Volume I Operations and Practices-Pennwell Corp ANontechnical Overview Michael D. Tusiani
و المحتوى كما يلي :
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi l. OIL: AN INTRODUCTION TO SHIPPING 1 1973 oil crisis and the war on oil 3 Renewable energy sources 3 Nonrenewable energy sources 8 Government energy policies 12 Energy conservation 13 Developing technologies 18 Unconventional sources of oil 18 Severing the link between economic activity and energy 19 The verdict 23 2. WHY TANKER OWNERS? 25 Advantages of chartering 26 Long-term rate setting mechanism 31 Short-term rate setting mechanism 33 Worldscale rates 37 3. PRE-ONASSIS ERA 41 Early history of oil and tankers 41 Paving the way for shipping fortunes 50 4. ONASSIS ERA 55 Siting of oil refineries 55 Growth of an energy-intensive economy 57 The dethroning of "King Coal" 58 The United States becomes energy dependent 59 Economy of scale 62 Crude carrier size classes 64 Fortuitous closing of the Suez Canal 68 The invention of the VLCC 72 Climax of an era 74 vii5. POST-ONASSIS ERA (CREATING THE SURPLUS) 83 Aftermath of the crisis 87 Loss of large crude carrier demand in North America and Europe 93 Loss of large crude carrier demand in Europe 99 Gain of large crude carrier demand in the Far East 112 6. POST-ONASSIS ERA (DEALING WITH THE SURPLUS) 117 Scrapping 117 Structural shifts in large crude carrier ownership between the 1970s and 1990s 124 Organizational structure of tanker-owning companies 134 Strategic alliances 136 7. REFINERY OPERATION AND TANKER DEMAND 139 White products l40 Black products l41 Refiner's margin 142 Refinery operations determines tanker demand 143 Product carrier employment l49 8. TANKER DESIGN AND EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS 163 Tank cleaning 165 Tank coating 167 Product carrier rates and employment patterns 168 Aframax and Suezmax tankers 173 VLCCs 181 9. FORECASTING TANKER RATES 193 Necessity to forecast 194 The logical approach to freight rate forecasting 196 Product carrier demand forecast 197 Elements of a VLCC supply-demand forecast 198 Naive, predestined, and chaotic approaches 212 vIIi10. OIL POLLUTION LIABILITY International conventions Civil liability convention Fund convention TOVALOP and CRISTAL Oil spill claims Oil Pollution Act of 1990 Manning standards for foreign flag tankers Double-hull vs. mid-deck design Environmentalists Oil spill prevention is better than cure OPRC convention 11. LPG CARRIERS Liquefied petroleum gas Snapshot of the U. S. LPG market Snapshot of the Japanese LPG market World LPG demand Impact of liquefied gas pricing on demand Forecasting seaborne demand LPG shipping costs Netback values affect trading patterns International LPG trading pattern LPG carriers 12. LNG CARRIERS Nature of LNG projects Volume II - A Look At Practices And Operations INDEX A AFRA rates 64-66 API degree 145, 254 Abadan refinery 49, 56 acid rain 8-9, 142 Adam Smith 34, 37, 182-183 Aframax tanker 27, 64-68, 92 , 101,172-175,177-178,186,194,210 air draft 156 Algeria 10, 158, 273, 283, 293 , 295 Amoco Cadiz 225-227 Arab Israeli War 2, 71 Aswan dam 7 B barges 155 Bergesen 74, 125,281,284 biomass 3-5 black products 16, 141 , 166 Brazil 4, 6, 16, 158-159, 186-187, 189,273 British Petroleum 49, 56 brokers 34 bunkers l4, 31,58, l41, 147 c CAFE 16-17 CERCLA 230 CLC 222-223, 229-230, 251 COFR 235-238 COW 166-167 CRISTAL 224-225 303THE PETROLEUM SHIPPIN6 INDUSTRY • VOLUME I cabotage 96-99 Canada 5-7, 9, 12, 19,260 canal dues 31, 188 cargo handling 163-165, 258, 275-276 cargo preference 97, 99 centerline bulkhead 42,49-50, 165 chartering 25-32,84-85, 121,201 chartering managers 25-27, 29, 31, 83-84, 86, 189 ChernobylU-12 Chevron 112, 150 China 6-7, 13, 18,23,31,42, 123, 150-151, 175 Churchill, Winston 49 Clarkson Research 199-200 classification society 119, 279 clean products see white products Coast Guard 237-238, 244-245, 280 coaI4,8-11, 18,21,47,55,58,90,153,208 cogeneration 16 Colombia 19, 178, 184 combination carriers U8, 175-177, 180-181, 186-187 conservation 3, 13-18,20-21,90,96 cost containment 25-26 crude carrier 63, 92-93, 167-168, 170, 194 crude oil, sweet and sour 145,197 cubing out 62, 165 cycles 212-214 D deadweight ton 62,67 design draft 164 diesel engines 50, 64 diesel fuel 16, 40, 154 dirty products, see black products distillation 16, 42, 139-140 3016diversion costs 188-189 Double Eagle tanker 164-168 double hulls 199, 242-243 Drake, Edwin 41-42 dry bulk carriers 34 E economic activity 1-2, 19-20,57-58,206-207 economic risk 28-29 economy of scale 62-64, 66-68 electricity 5-9, 11-12, 15-16,58, 145, 153, 161,208 energy 1, 19-23,57-59 energy dependence 55, 59-62, 90 energy efficiency 14-16, 21, 29, 50, 90,177-178,280 energy policies 2, 10, 12 environment 5-9,18,42,142,147,166,256 environmentalists 11,95-96, 197,245-246 Exxon (Esso) 49 Exxon Valdez 93,227-229 F FOB/CIF 281 FPSO 10, 118, 198 Fairplay 201-202 Finland 7, 12 flags 48, 51,96-97,202 floating storage 120-121, 183,269,280 forecasting 8,83-85, 151, 193-216,259-261,265-269 France 4, 11-12,20, 158, 160 fuel consumption 67 fuel oil 16,47-48, 58,141,147,153,166 Fund Convention 223-224,229-230,251 INDEX 305THE PETROLEUM SHIPPING INDUSTRY • VOLUME I G gasoline 4,16-18,140,153-154,166 gasoline taxes 4, 16-17 geothermal energy 5, 16,208 Germany 11-12, 18,20, 158 global warming 8-9 Gluckauf 43-44 goldplating 30-31 government policies 3-4, 12-13, 16, 18,94-96,99,220-222,246-247 gross tons 202 Gulf Oil 48, 74 H hire 67-68, 107 history (tankers) 41-52 hydro power 3,5-7,21,90,208 hydrogasification 18 I lEA 9, 12,207-209 IPe pipeline 63, 75-76 independent tanker owners 25-26, 124-128 India 37, 42, 124 Indonesia 5, 273, 292-293, 296 insurance 31,63, 119,235-238 integrated oil company 25-26, 31-32 international conventions 220-222, 229-230 Intertanko 201, 219-220, 232 Iran 134 Iran-Iraq War 99, 278 Iraq 75,77, 109-111 Iraq-Turkey pipeline 110-112, 178, 184 306Ireland 7, 12 Islamic Revolution 2 Itaipu Dam 6-7 Italy 5, 10, 12,20, 151-153, 158-161, 187 J JAMRI 202-203 Japan 5, 12, 16,20, 123, 150,261-263,291,293 jet fuel 16, 140, 166 Jones Act 96-99 K KPC 32, 172, 189 kerosene 5, 16,42-44,49,56 kerogen 18-19 Korea 12, 16, 123, 150,202,208,262,291 Kuwait 32,77,109, III Kuwait War 99, 109-ll0, 120, 170, 183,266 L LOOP 104-106, 187, 199,243 LNG 261, 266, 287-288 LNG carriers 16, 288-293 LNG projects 294-299 LPG 253-268 LPG carriers 253, 273-284 latent heat 15, 276 lay-up 26-27, ll8-120, 198 Libya 76, 78, 158-160,283 light displacement 123 lightering 105-106, 175,243 link (energy/economy) 3, 19-23,57-58,208 Lloyd's Maritime Services 150-151,268-269 INDEX 307THE PETROLEUM SHIPPING INDUSTRY • VOLUME I logistics 1,27-28,44,47,56-58,99, 172, 186-189 long-term charters 28, 71,84, 135 long-term rates 31-33 longitudinel bulkheads 49-50, 181,274 Ludwig, D.K. 50-52,69,74,87, 125 M MARPOL Regulations 189, 199,203,243 maintenance 31, 50, 63-64 manning 29,31,63-64,96-97,241-242,280 maritime regulation 51-52 Marshall Plan 57-58 medium-term charters 28,7 1, 135 merchant refiner 143-148 methane 4, 18, 140,254 Mexico 9, 27, 94, 101, 149, 187-189,207,216,273 Middle East 3, 12,23,2 7,42,49,55,62,70-72,84,86,90-91, 100-101, 105, Ill, 120, 149, 159, 172, 178, 181-189, 194,259,265-267, 271,273,280,283,291 mortgages 69, 86, 119-120 N NAFTA 9, Naess, E. 83 Nasser 70 national oil companies 32, 132 natural gas 8-11, 16, 18,21,58,90,94-95, 100,208,253-254,261,287 nautical mile 60 netback values 271-272 Netherlands 2, 5, 10, 12, 79, 85 New Zealand 5-6, 12 Niarchos, S. 70, 72, 87 Nigeria 158-159, 179,295-296 Nobel brothers 47-49 308nonrenewable energy 8-11 North Sea 9-10, 100-101, 113, 178, 184-186, 194,271,284 Norway 6, 10, 12 Norwegian Guarantee Institute 87 nuclear power 7, 11-12,21,23,90, 100, 153,208 a OCIMF 106 OECD 1, 12-13 OPEC 1, 78 OPA 90 199,220,229-247 OPRC Convention 248-250 oil 1, 8, 21-23, 55, 58,145-146 oil crisis (1973) 2-3, 20, 23, 35, 55, 62, 85-89, 135 oil pollution liability 32,201,219-251 oil prices 1-3, 13,20,23 ,44-45, 71 ,74,84-86,89,91-94,145-148, 153-154, 206 oil shale 18-19 oil traders 154, 160 Onassis, A. 50-52,68-72,84,87, 125 operating costs 29-31,35, 63-64, 67, 169,282 organizational structures 124-126, 134-137 Orimulsion 19 overhead 29-31 ownership, nature of 124-136 p P&'I Clubs 222, 235-238 Panama Canal 62, 98 parcel tankers 163-164 Peter the Great 42 petroleum coke 141-142 Petroline pipeline 109-110, 184 Plimsoll marks 65 INDEX 309THE PETROLEUM SHIPPING INDUSTRY • VOLUME I pooling 37, 117,281-284 ports 31, 72, 104-108, 156, 169 port charges 31 preemption 231-232 product carrier 28,63,75-76,92-93, 102-103, 148-161, 163-165, 167-173, 196-197 productivity 183-184, 210-211 Q Quebec Hydro 6 R rates ofreturn 30-32,34-35,67,211 rationalization, see pooling Reagen, R. 97 refiner's margin 142-145 refinery operations 27-28, 42,55-57,98, 102-103, 139-149, 157-158, 196-197,265 Reksten, H. 83-84, 86 reletting 33 renewable energy sources 3-8 rock oil 41 Rockefeller, J.D. 44-48 Roosevelt, Theodore 8, 46 Russia 10-13, 18,21-22,47-48,56, 1.11-112, 160-161, 184,283,296 5 SPM 104-105, 108, 187-189 Salvage Association 200-201 Saudi Arabia 69-70,79,85,94, 134,265-267 Saudi-Med pipeline 109-110 Samuel, Marcus 48 Scandinavia 6-7, 11 310INDEX scantling draft 164-165 scenario planning 214-215 scrapping 117-119, 121-124, 198-200 seaborne trade 59-62, 90-93, 272-273 segregated tanks 63, 165, 170, 181,242-243 seismic exploration 9-10, 96 segregated ballast tanks 181, 199, 274 Shell Oil 48-49, 74, 214, 273, 288, 291, 297 ship operations/management 31, 69 short-term charters 28,71, 135 short-term rates 33-37, 120-121 shuttle vessels 105-106 single voyage: see spot fixtures and market Spain 10, 12, 123, 187 special survey 198-200 spot fixtures 28, 33 spot market 33-37, 68-71, 74-79, 87, 120-121, 169-170, 182-183,273 Standard Oil 45-49 strategic alliances 136-137 Suez Canal 48, 55, 62, 66, 68-72, 74,87, 100-109, 113, 184, 187-188 Suezmax tanker 62-64,66-68, 72-74, 92, 101, 103, 173-174, 179-181, 186 Sumed pipeline 74, 77, 108-110, 184 super tanker 28-29 supplies 31, 64 synthetic crude 19 T T-2 tanker 31, 41,50-52,57,62-64 TOVALOP 224-225 tank cleaning 165-167 tank coatings 49-50, 164, 167-168, 181,200 tank design 43-44, 163-165,273-275,278-279,287-293 Tanker Advisory Center 200-201 tanker owners 25-26 311THE PETROLEUM SHIPPIN& INDUSTRY • VOLUME I tanker ownership 32-33, 36-37 tar sand 19 tax benefits 13, 18, 86 taxes 51-52,64-66, 69, 86, 96 techological obsolescence 28-29, 177-178 terminals 155-157, 168-169,258-259,270,275,277 Three Gorges dam 7 Three Mile Island 11 tidal energy 3, 5-6 ton-mile demand 90-93 Trans-Alaska pipeline 77, 3-96 Trans-Arabian pipeline 79, 110, 178 TransCanada pipeline 9 Trans-Israel pipeline 79, 110 trans-Mediterranean pipelines 10 trans-Panama pipeline 98 transportation 16-18, 42-44 transportation cost 31, 56, 63-64, 66-68, 269-270 transshipment 105, 150, 175, 186, 199 transverse bulkheads 43, 165, 181,274 Turkey 12,111-112 U ULCC 64, 66, 74, 87-89, 103-104, 120-121 UK-Continent Interconnector 10 United Kingdom 10, 12,20,37, 158 United States 2,5,6-9, 11-12, 16, 18,56-62,64,79,85,93-99, 113, l49, 175,180,255-260,271,295 uranium 8, 11 v VLCC 14,27,32,35,64,66-68,72-79,85,87-89,92,100-101,103-114, 120-121, 124-134, 174, 177, 179-189, 193-194, 199-204 VLPC 171-173, 194 312VRP 239-241 VTS 248 Venezuela 19, 175, 178, 184,273,296 vessel operating costs 67-68 vessel safety 43-44,47-50,250-251,269-270,276-278,291,297 vessel stability 43-44,49-50, 274 vessel tracking 150-151 voyage calculations 60-62,67-68, 100-101, 103-104, 106, 183-184, 187-189 voyages, piston 98, 170 voyages, triangulation 98, 170, 186-187 w waste heat 15-16,21 whale oil 5, 42 white products 16,140,146-148 World Energy Outlook 13 Worldscale 35,37-39,68, 187-188 X-Y-Z yards 70-71, 85, 87-88, 93, 96-97, 181, 189, 194,202-203,278-280, 291,295 Young, James 42
كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net The Unzip Password : books-world.net أتمنى أن تستفيدوا من محتوى الموضوع وأن ينال إعجابكم رابط من موقع عالم الكتب لتنزيل كتاب The Petroleum Shipping Industry - Volume I رابط مباشر لتنزيل كتاب The Petroleum Shipping Industry - Volume I
|
|