Admin مدير المنتدى
عدد المساهمات : 19001 التقييم : 35505 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Hydraulic Structures الأحد 20 سبتمبر 2020, 12:10 am | |
|
أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Hydraulic Structures Fourth Edition P. Novak, A.I.B. Moffat and C. Nalluri School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK and R. Narayanan Formerly Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, UMIST, University of Manchester, UK
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents Preface xi Preface to the third edition xiii Preface to the second edition xv Preface to the first edition xvii Acknowledgements xix List of tables xx List of main symbols xxii Part One Dam engineering 1 1 Elements of dam engineering 3 1.1 General 3 1.2 Introductory perspectives 4 1.3 Embankment dam types and characteristics 12 1.4 Concrete dam types and characteristics 16 1.5 Spillways, outlets and ancillary works 20 1.6 Site assessment and selection of type of dam 23 1.7 Loads on dams 35 References 39 2 Embankment dam engineering 42 2.1 Introduction 42 2.2 Nature and classification of engineering soils 42 2.3 Engineering characteristics of soils 472.4 Principles of embankment dam design 60 2.5 Materials and construction 73 2.6 Seepage analysis 78 2.7 Stability and stress 82 2.8 Settlement and deformation 97 2.9 Rockfill embankments and rockfill 100 2.10 Small embankment dams, farm dams and flood banks 103 2.11 Tailing dams and storage lagoons 107 2.12 Geosynthetics in embankment dams 108 2.13 Upgrading and rehabilitation of embankment dams 109 Worked examples 111 References 116 3 Concrete dam engineering 122 3.1 Loading: concepts and criteria 122 3.2 Gravity dam analysis 133 3.3 Buttress dam analysis 155 3.4 Arch dam analysis 157 3.5 Design features and construction 164 3.6 Concrete for dams 170 3.7 The roller-compacted concrete gravity dam 174 3.8 Upgrading of masonry and concrete dams 180 Worked examples 182 References 188 4 Dam outlet works 191 4.1 Introduction 191 4.2 The design flood 192 4.3 Flood routing 195 4.4 Freeboard 197 4.5 Sedimentation in reservoirs 200 4.6 Cavitation 204 4.7 Spillways 206 4.8 Bottom outlets 231 Worked examples 234 References 239 5 Energy dissipation 244 5.1 General 244 5.2 Energy dissipation on spillways 245 5.3 Stilling basins 249 5.4 Plunge pools 259 5.5 Energy dissipation at bottom outlets 261 Worked examples 262 References 264 vi CONTENTS6 Gates and valves 267 6.1 General 267 6.2 Crest gates 268 6.3 High-head gates and valves 275 6.4 Tidal barrage and surge protection gates 277 6.5 Hydrodynamic forces acting on gates 279 6.6 Cavitation, aeration, vibration of gates 283 6.7 Automation, control and reliability 284 Worked example 285 References 287 7 Dam safety: instrumentation and surveillance 289 7.1 Introduction 289 7.2 Instrumentation 291 7.3 Surveillance 304 7.4 Dam safety legislation 306 7.5 Reservoir hazard and risk assessment 309 References 315 Part Two Other hydraulic structures 319 8 River engineering 321 8.1 Introduction 321 8.2 Some basic principles of open-channel flow 322 8.3 River morphology and régime 327 8.4 River surveys 331 8.5 Flow-measuring structures 337 8.6 River flood routing 338 8.7 River improvement 342 Worked examples 353 References 360 9 Diversion works 364 9.1 Weirs and barrages; worked examples 364 9.2 Intakes; worked examples 392 9.3 Fish passes 410 References 416 10 Cross-drainage and drop structures 418 10.1 Aqueducts and canal inlets and outlets; worked examples 418 10.2 Culverts, bridges and dips; worked examples 428 10.3 Drop structures; worked example 448 References 458 CONTENTS vii11 Inland waterways 461 11.1 Introduction 461 11.2 Definitions, classification and some waterways 463 11.3 Multipurpose utilization of waterways 466 11.4 Transport on inland waterways 469 11.5 Canalization and navigation canals 471 11.6 Resistance of ships 473 11.7 Wave action on banks 475 11.8 Locks 477 11.9 Thrift locks 486 11.10 Lifts and inclined planes 488 11.11 Lock approaches 490 11.12 Inland ports 491 Worked examples 493 References 494 12 Hydroelectric power development 496 12.1 Introduction 496 12.2 Worldwide hydroelectric power development in perspective 497 12.3 Power supply and demand 497 12.4 Some fundamental definitions 498 12.5 Types of water power development 499 12.6 Head classification of hydropower plants 502 12.7 Streamflow data essential for the assessment of water-power potential 502 12.8 Hydraulic turbines and their selection 505 12.9 Other components of hydropower plants 517 12.10 Surge tanks 525 12.11 Small hydraulic power plant development 529 12.12 Other energy resources 530 Worked examples 533 References 546 13 Pumping stations 548 13.1 Introduction 548 13.2 Pumps and their classification 548 13.3 Design of pumping mains 554 13.4 Classification of pumping stations and intakes 557 13.5 Sump design 559 13.6 Screening devices 562 13.7 Benching 562 13.8 Surges 562 13.9 General design considerations of pumping stations and mains 566 viii CONTENTSWorked examples 568 References 574 14 Waves and offshore engineering 575 14.1 Introduction 575 14.2 Wave motion 576 14.3 Range of validity of linear theory 584 14.4 Waves approaching a shore 586 14.5 Wave breaking 588 14.6 Wave reflection 591 14.7 Basin oscillations 592 14.8 Wave diffraction 593 14.9 Wave prediction 594 14.10 Wave statistics 599 14.11 Forces on cylindrical structures 602 14.12 Vortex-induced oscillations 612 14.13 Oscillations of cylinders in waves 617 Worked examples 618 References 624 15 Coastal engineering 627 15.1 Introduction 627 15.2 Coastal defence 629 15.3 Wave forces on coastal structures 636 15.4 Wave run-up 641 15.5 Wave overtopping 645 15.6 Rubble-mound breakwaters 647 15.7 Sea outfalls 653 15.8 Coastal management 662 Worked examples 663 References 670 16 Models in hydraulic engineering 674 16.1 Hydraulic models 674 16.2 Structural models 683 Worked example 687 References 688 Author index 691 Subject index 69 Added mass 613 Aeration 215–21, 225, 247–8, 377, 379 of gates 283 self- 210, 215–21 Aerator 219–21, 220 Air concentration 217–21, 237–9 duct (vent) 220, 230, 231, 283 entrainment 215–21 Air vessel 563–6, 564–5 Apron concrete- 370–5 flexible- 377, 384–6 sloping 257, 368 Aqueduct 418–20, 419 Armorflex 351, 352 Armouring 70–2, 647–52, 642, 648–50, 652 Baffle 254–5, 255 Bank erosion 347–9 protection 350–1, 352 revetment 350–1 stability of 326 Barge pushed 464, 463–4, 470 resistance of 473–5, 475 towed 470 Barrage components of 366–9 tidal 277–9 see also Weir 364–79 Basin oscillations 592–3, 592 Beach nourishment 636 Beach shape 633 Bed level 332–3 load 326–7, 336–7 see also Sediment load meter (sampler) 336–7 shear stress 325–6 topography 332–3 Benching 562 Bishop solution 86–7, 88 Bottom outlet 20, 21, 70, 78, 231, 233, 234 Boundary layer (on spillways) 216 Breaking wave 588–90, 589, 610, 629–30, 636, 639, 643 Breakwater 636, 641–5 Bridge 434–41 afflux 434–8 contraction 434–8, 435, 437 pier shape 436, 437 scour 439–41 scour protection 441 Canal connection with river 345, 347 inlet 420 intakes 392–400 navigation 471–3 outlet 401–5, 401, 403–5, 420–7 transition 421–6, 422, 424 see also Waterways Canalization 47 cascade 228–30, 246, 455, 456 Cavitation 204–6, 205 number 204, 205 on gates 283 on spillways 208, 226 in stilling basins 252–4 in turbines 510–11, 511 CFD 676 Channel conveyance 324 Chute 213–21, 214, 216 inclined drop 455 Coastal defence 629–31 management 662–3 model 633–4, 676, 682–3 Coefficient area reduction 125–6 contraction 280–1 discharge 207–9, 223, 280–1 drag 602–9, 605 drainage 126 friction 323 head loss 245 inertia 606 lift 607–9, 607 porewater pressure 48, 49, 49, 84 seismic 94–5, 130, 131 velocity 245–8, 247 Cofferdam 193, 365, 365 Computational modelling 674–6 Crest (of spillway, weir) 206–9, 207, 209, 222, 223, 367–8 Critical failure surface 83, 84 Cross drainage works 418–27 see also Aqueduct; Canal, inlet; Canal, outlet; Culvert; Bridge; Dip Crump weir 337–8, 339, 355 Culvert 21, 70, 101, 428–34, 429–32 alignment 430 entrance 430–2, 429–32 outlet 70, 432 scour below outlets 432–4 Dams, concrete 4, 16–20, 17, 18, 122–90 abutment 17, 157, 158–9, 159 arch 16–17, 17, 157–61, 160, 161 arch analysis 159, 161–4, 186–7 arch geometry 158–61, 159, 160, 161, 186–7 buttress 16, 17, 18, 156, 185 buttress analysis 155–7, 185–6 concrete for 168, 168, 169, 170, 170–9, 173, 176, 177, 178–9 construction 168–9, 168, 170, 170 cupola 16, 17, 157–8, 160–1, 167 cutoff 156, 165, 166 design criteria and assumptions 133–4, 155, 157, 161–4 elastic ring theory 161–3, 163, 186–7 flare 148–9, 148 galleries 156, 161, 166, 167 gravity 16, 17, 18, 123, 174, 176 gravity analysis 133–51, 135, 139, 140, 143, 144, 148, 149 grouting 156, 165, 166 heightening 152–5, 152, 154 joints 161, 167, 167, 169, 170 load combinations 131–3, 132 Subject index Page references in bold refer to tables and page references in italic refer to figures.SUBJECT INDEX 697 load transfer 168 loads 35–8, 36, 38, 122–31, 123, 125, 132, 166, 168 monoliths 17, 167, 167, 169, 170 overturning stability 135, 155, 182–4 prestressing 152–3, 152, 185–6, 185 profiles 17, 18, 149–50, 149 pulvino 161, 168 RCC 175–6, 176, 177 RCC dams 174–9, 176 rehabilitation 180–1 relief drains 22, 125, 125–6, 156, 165, 166, 180–1 river diversion 21, 169 seepage and uplift 36, 37, 124–6, 125 seismicity and seismic analysis 37–8, 128–31, 129, 131 sliding stability and shear resistance 136–42, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 182–6 stabilizing 152–5, 152, 154, 154, 182–6, 182, 185 stability 134–43, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 182–6 stress and stress analysis 133–4, 143–8, 144, 147, 150–1, 157, 161–4, 163, 182–4, 186–7 upgrading 180–1 zoning of concrete 156, 168, 168 see also Dams, embankment; Dams, general Dams, embankment 4, 12–16, 13, 14, 15, 42–121 amenity 105–6 construction 76, 78 core 12, 13, 14, 15, 60, 61, 65, 66–7, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 80–1, 89, 100, 101 cracking 61, 74, 89–91 crest 67, 73 cutoffs, cutoff efficiency 68–9, 69, 76, 77, 80–1, 80, 111–2, 111 defect mechanisms 62–5, 62, 64, 65 deformation 97–8, 102–3, 114–16 design considerations 62–73 design features 66–73 drains, drainage 64, 65, 68–9, 69, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80 dykes 106–7 earthfill 4, 12, 13, 13, 14, 12–15, 54–9, 57, 73–8, 74, 75, 77 see also Engineering soils elements 60–1 erosion, external 62, 63, 64, 70–3, 109 erosion, internal 16, 62, 63, 64, 65, 74, 78, 81–2, 89–90 face protection 63, 64, 70–2, 77, 101, 109 fill materials 57, 66–7, 73, 74, 75, 76, 100, 102–3 filters, transitions 14, 15, 64, 65, 66, 67, 73, 76, 77, 81–2, 101, 109 flood control banks 106–7 flownet 78–9, 80, 111–12 foundation preparation 76 freeboard 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 77, 101 geosynthetics, geomembranes 108–9 hydraulic fracturing 62, 74, 89–90, 99 interfaces 89–91, 102 membrane 13, 14, 15, 61, 101, 108–9 outlet works 70, 78 overtopping 16, 18, 62, 63, 64 performance indices 98–9 piping, see Erosion, internal profiles 14, 15, 60–1, 77, 101 rehabilitation 109–10 river diversion 76 rockfill 4, 7, 12, 12–15, 14, 15, 75, 77, 100–3, 101 seismicity and seismic analyses 91–7 seepage 38, 38, 63, 64, 68–9, 78–9, 80, 80–1, 99, 111–12 settlement 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 97–8, 99, 102–3, 114–16 shoulder 13, 14, 15, 60–1, 66–7, 73, 75, 76, 77, 101 small 103–6 spillway options 20–1, 34, 67 stability 60, 62, 63, 65, 82–8, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 113 stability analysis 82–8, 87, 88, 113 stability, critical conditions 84, 85, 85, 86 stability, factors of safety 82–4, 85, 86, 113 storage lagoons 107–8, 291 stress analysis 88–9 tailings 107–8, 291 types 14, 15, 60–1, 77, 101 upgrading 109–10 upstream face protection 70–2 zoning 60–1, 66–7, 77 see also Dams, general; Engineering soils Dams, general ancillary works 19, 20–2, 78, 169 CADAM 313 CME 92, 93, 128, 132 construction materials 31, 34 cutoffs 22, 64, 68–9, 69, 77, 80–1, 111–12, 156, 165, 166 dambreak analysis 312–14 defects 110, 181, 294 environmental issues 9–11 failures 289, 290, 291 FEA 39, 89, 151, 164 FMECA 310–11 foundation investigations 28–31 foundations 15, 18, 19, 28–35, 32, 32, 34, 68–9, 69, 76, 136–7, 137, 138 geological/geotechnical assessment 26–8 grouting 22, 64, 68, 69, 77, 111–12, 156, 161, 165, 166 hazard analysis 309–12 history 7–9 hydraulic gradient 32 ICOLD 5 IMPACT 313 inspection 305–6, 308 instrumentation 76, 291–303, 294, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 302, 305 internal drains/galleries 14, 15, 22, 35, 36, 38, 73, 76, 77, 101, 109, 124–6, 125, 156, 161, 165, 166 inundation mapping 313–14 legislation 306–9 loads, loading concepts 35–9, 36, 38 materials for construction 31, 34 MCE 92, 93, 128 monitoring 291–3, 294, 301–4, 304, 305 outlet works 19, 21, 70, 78 PRA 310 project stages 23–5, 24 QRA 311–12 Reservoirs Act (UK) 308–9 risk assessment 309–12 river diversion 21, 76, 169 safety 289–91 SEE 92, 93, 128, 132 seismic analysis 36, 37–8, 91–7, 94, 128–31, 129, 132, 133 selection of type 31–5, 33, 34 site appraisal/evaluation 23–31, 24 spillway 16, 19, 20–1, 35, 63, 64, 67, 206–31 statistics 4, 5–7, 5, 6 stilling basin 20, 35, 249–57 structural models 683–7 surveillance 304–6, 304, 305 types 3, 4, 4, 12–20, 13, 14, 15, 17 WCD 9–10 see also Dams, concrete; Dams, embankment Darcy–Weisbach equation 323 Demand (power) 497–8, 498 Density currents (in reservoirs) 203 Diffraction of wave 593–4 Diffusion analogy (flood routing) 340–1 Dike (dyke) 348, 348 Dimensional analysis 678 Dimensionless number 678–81 Dip 442 Discharge coefficient 207–9, 223, 280–2, 281 dominant 331, 331 measurement 333–5, 337–8 Distortion (in hydraulic models) 677 Draft tube 516–17, 516 Dredging 203–4 Drift angle 472, 473 Drop inlet 431, 432 Drop structure 448–57 cascade type 455, 456 farm drop 457 inclined (chute) 455 piped 456 raised crest type 454–5, 454 rapid fall type 455 Sarda type 451–3, 451–2 vertical (common, straight) 449–50, 449 well drop 456, 456 YMGT type 453–4, 453 Efficiency cutoff 80–1, 111–12 hydraulic (of hydroelectric plant) 499, 507, 507–8, 508 manometric (of pumps) 551 Einstein–Brown equation 326Embankment, see Dams, embankment Emergency gate 267, 274 spillway 20–1, 67 Energy dissipation 20–1, 244–62 at bottom outlets 261–2 on spillways 228, 245–6, 245, dissipator (stilling basin) 249–57 see also Stilling basin Engelund–Hansen equation 326 Engineering soils apparent cohesion 49, 50, 52 characteristics 47–59, 47, 52, 57 classification 43–5, 44, 45 clays/cohesive 43, 44, 45, 47, 51–2, 52, 57, 74, 75 cohesive/frictional 50, 51, 51 collapse compression 59 compaction 47, 54–6, 55, 59, 74, 75, 100 compressibility 52–3, 56, 57, 75 consistency 44, 52 consolidation 48, 52–3 effective stress 46–7, 46, 48, 50, 50, 57, 59 geostatic (total) stress 46, 46 load response 47–9, 49, 50, 51, 52–3 nature of 42–3 partial saturation 58–9 permeability 53–4, 56, 57, 59 phreatic surface 46, 64 78, 79, 80, 113 piezometric level 46, 80, 112 plasticity 43, 44, 56, 91 pore pressure coefficients/parameters 48–9, 83–4 pore pressure ratio 83–5, 87, 113 porewater pressure 45–7, 46, 49, 83–5, 86, 102 representative characteristics 47, 57, 74, 75 shear strength 49–52, 50, 51, 52, 57, 59, 75 shearing resistance, angle of 49, 50, 57, 75 types 42–3, 44, 45 see also Dams, embankment Erodibility index 258 Erosion downstream of stilling basin 64, 257–8 internal, see Dams, embankment permissible velocities 442, 442 see also Scour Euler number 679 Fargue laws 344 Fascines 351, 352 Fetch 198–9, 199, 595–8, 596, 597 Filter 73, 81–2, 351, 377, 377, 384–8, 385–8 see also Dams, embankment Fish barrier dam 414 Denil pass 413 ladder (pool and traverse pass) 411–13, 412 lift 413–14, 414 pass 410–15 screen 414–15, 415 sound barrier 415 trap 414 Flip bucket 247, 248–9 Flood banks 106–7, 345–6, 345 design 20, 192–5, 194 probable maximum 192–3, 194 risk (of exceeding design flood) 193 routing in reservoirs 195–7 routing in rivers 338–42 surcharge 180–2 Flow gauging 333–5 induced vibrations 272, 284, 576, 612–18 measuring structures 337–8, 339, 340–1 modular 356, 358 non-modular, correction factor 359, 359 open channel 322–5 parameter 326 uniform, non-uniform, unsteady 322–5 Flownet 78–9, 80, 111–12 Flumes 337–8, 339, 341 Flushing (of reservoirs) 203 Freeboard 62, 63, 64, 67, 77, 101, 197–200 Froude number 679 Fuse plug 21, 230 Gabion 350–1, 352 Gate aviation 283 automation 284–5 bulkhead 267 cavitation 283 control 284–5 crest 268–74 cylinder 275 drum 270 emergency 267–8, 282 fabric (inflatable) 274 flap (pivot leaf) 271–2, 273 floating 267 forces on 279–83 high head 275–7 lift (vertical, plain) 268–70, 269, 275 maintenance 267–8, 285 overflow 280 overspill fusegate 274 radial (Tainter) 270, 271, 275 regulating 267 reliability 284–5 roller 272, 273 sector (drum) 270 surge protection 277–9 underflow 280 vibration 284 wicket 280 Gebers equation 474 Generators 522–3 Geotextiles 350–1 geotubes 351 Groyne 347–8, 348–50, 634–6, 635 Harbour (coastal) 592 Harbour (inland port) 491–2 Head on crest (of spillway) 206–7, 206 design 207, 208 effective (hydroelectric plant) 499 Headrace 518–19 Hickox equation 210 Hooke’s law 684 Hydraulic jump air uptake 234, 252, 283 stilling basin 249–54, 250, 262–4 Hydroelectric power demand 497–8 supply 497–8 see also Power (load); Power plant; Turbine Hydroinformatics 674 Ice load 36, 37, 123, 127–8, 132 ICOLD, see Dams, general Inland port 491–2 In-line oscillaitons 615 Inlet head loss 232 Intake 392–405 alignment 394–7 entrance loss 394–6 location 394–7 sediment exclusion 393–9, 393, 395–9 Jambor sill 367–8 JONSWAP 199, 598–9 Keulegan–Carpenter number 603–7 Lacey and Pemberton equation 329 Level crossing 420, 420 Lift (navigation) inclined 488, 490 rotating 488–9 vertical 488–9, 489 Lighter 470 Littoral drift 629–30, 630 Lock (navigation) approach (basin) 490–1, 491 culvert 480, 482 direct filling (emptying) 478–80, 478–81 gate 479–80, 479–81 high head 480–8, 487 indirect filling (emptying) 481–3, 483 low head 478–80 thrift 486–8, 487 Log-normal distribution 600 Longshore current 629–30, 630 Manometric head 551, 554–5, 553, 555 Mass curve 504, 535 Mattress 350–1, 352 Mayer–Peter and Muller equation 326 Meandering (stream) 327–8, 327 Model coastal 633, 676, 682–3 computational 674–6 concrete dam 685–6 distortion 677, 679 embankment 686–7 hybrid 675 hydraulic (physical, scale) 674–83 mathematical 674–6 numerical 674–6 scale, see Hydraulic (model) scale effect 677, 679 698 SUBJECT INDEXof concrete drums 685–6 of embankments 686–7 of seismic response 687 structural 683–7 undistorted/distorted 677 Modular flow 280, 355–7, 356 Morison equation 603–6 Morphology 327–31 Multistage (river) channels 343 Muskingum–Cunge (flood routing) method 341–2 Nappe 206, 206 Natural frequency 612 Navier–Stokes equation 678 Navigation canal 471–3 see also Waterways Non-modular flow 281, 282, 356–9, 356, 358–9 correction factors 382, 443, 359, 359 Open channel flow 322–5 Outlet canal 401–5, 401, 403–5, 420–1 valve 275–7 Overfall spillway 21, 206–10, 206–7, 209 Oxygen uptake at barrages 377–9 Parshall flume 337–8, 339, 341 Penstock design 519–20, 520 Pier shape factor 436–8, 437 Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum 598–9 Pipeline forces on 602–10 selection 555–6, 555 self burial 611 stability 610–11 Piping 62, 63, 64, 370 Plunge pool 259–60 Poisson’s ratio 173, 179, 685 Power duration curve 503–4, 504 Power house 523–4 Power (load) base 497 demand 497–8, 498 factor 497 supply 497–8 tidal 530–2, 531 wave 532 Power plant 499–502 diversion canal 500, 500 high-head 502 low head 502 medium head 502 pumped storage 500–2, 501 run-of-river 499, 499 small plants 529–30 see also Turbine Pump air lift 550 booster 566–7, 566 for boreholes 559 characteristics 556–7, 556 classification 548–54 deep well 559 duty point 555 jet 550 manometric head 551–3 operation 551–2 in parallel/series 552 priming 554 reciprocating 549, 549, 550 rotodynamic 549, 549, 550, 551 specific speed 550, 551 suction lift 552–3 sump 556, 556, 558, 559–61, 562 system characteristic 554–5, 555–6 Pumping demand 556 Rack 393, 394–7, 396, 397 Refraction coefficient 586–8 Regime (equations) 329–30, 376 depth 329–30 scour 376 width 329–30, 376 Regulator 367 Renewable energy 529–32 tidal power 530–2, 531 wave power 532 Reservoir flood standards 191–5, 194 flushing 203 freeboard 197–200, 199 half-life 202, 236 life 202 routing 195–7, 234–5 sedimentation 200–4, 202–3 Reynolds number 679 Rip current 630, 630 River bend 328, 328 braided 327, 327 crossing 327–8, 329 improvement 342–52 model 682–3 morphology 327–30 surveys 331–7 training 342–9, 344, 346, 348 Roller bucket 254–5, 255 Saint Venant equation 324 Scale effect 679–81 factor 680 Scour around bridge pier 439–41 below culvert outlets 432–4 downstream of stilling basin 257–8 (in)plunge pools 259–60 regime 376 Screening devices 562 Sea outfalls 653–62 diffuser 658–62, 659 initial dilution 654–5, 655 ports 653–4, 658 Sea wall 636–47, 637, 639, 640, 642 Sediment concentration 201, 336 density 201, 325 load 36, 36, 37, 123, 127, 132, 336–7 sampler 336–7 suspended 325 threshold of motion 325–6 transport 325–7, 336–7 Sedimentation (in) reservoir 200–4, 202–3 Seiche 197–8, 628 Seismic dynamic response analysis 95–6 load 36, 36, 37–8, 93–6, 94, 123, 128–31, 132 pseudostatic analysis 94–5, 94, 130–1, 131 Self-aeration 210, 215–19 Shields equation 325 Ship, resistance of 473–5, 475 Shoaling coefficient 588 Significant wave height 198–9, 199, 595–602 Significant wave period 595–9 Silt control 397–9 ejector 398–9, 398–9 excluder 397–8, 397 load 36, 36, 37, 123, 127, 132 settling basin 399–400, 400 Similarity approximate 678–9 dynamic 678 geometric 678 kinematic 678 mechanical 678 theory of 678–9 see also Model Siphon barrel 425–6 SMB method of wave prediction 595–6 Snell’s law 587 Specific speed pump 550, 550–1 turbine 506–7, 507 Speed factor 507 Spillway aeration 215–21 auxiliary 21, 230 bellmouth, see Shaft (spillway) cavitation 204–6, 210 chute 213–21, 214 crest 207–9, 207, 209 emergency 21, 191 free 191 gated 191, 208–9, 209 labyrinth 230 morning glory, see Shaft (spillway) overfall 21, 206–10, 206, 209 service 191 shaft 21, 221–5, 222–5 side channel 21, 210–13, 211 siphon 226–7, 227 ski jump 246–8, 247 stepped (cascade) 228–30, 246 submerged (bottom, orifice) 230, 232, 233 tunnel 230 Spiral casing (turbine) (scroll case) 512–15, 513–15 Stilling basin 20, 35, 249–59, 250, 255–6 abruptly expanding 257 forces on floor 253–4 hydraulic jump 249–54, 250, 262–4 roller bucket 254–5, 255 spatial (hydraulic) jump 256, 257 with baffles 254–5, 255 Storage recovery 203–4 Strouhal number 608, 612, 679 Sump 559–60, 561 Superpassage 419–20 Surge tank 525–9 differential 528, 528–9 simple 527, 528 throttled 527, 528 with expansion chamber 527–8, 528 with venturi mounting 528, 529 Surges hydroelectric plants 525–9 protection gates 277–9 pumping stations 562–6 SUBJECT INDEX 699Suspended load 201 meter, sampler 336 Swedish circle solution 85–6 Tail race 524 Talweg 328 Thijsse egg 345, 347 Threshold of movement 325 Tidal barrage 277–9 Training (of river) 342–50 Transformer 522–3 Transmission line 522 Trap efficiency (of reservoirs) 201–2, 202 Tsunamis 628 Tunnel (spillway) 67, 221–2, 225, 225 Turbine bulb 506 cavitation 510–12, 511 draft tubes 516–17, 516 Francis 506 governor 521–2, 521 impulse 505, 505 Kaplan 506 Pelton 505–6, 505 performance rating 507–8, 508 radial flow 506 reaction (pressure) 505–8, 508 runaway speed 508, 510 runner 512 scroll casing 512–15, 513–15 setting 510–11 specific speed 506–7, 509, 510 langential flow 506 Undistorted model 577, 580 Uplift area reduction coefficient 125–6 load 36, 37, 123, 124–6, 125 Valve cone dispersion 276, 276 disc (butterfly) 275 hollow jet 277, 277 Howell Bunger, see Cone dispersion (valve) needle 276–7 pressure producing 275 sphere (rotary) 275 tube 276 Vane (river training) 347–8, 350 Velocity fall (sediment) 201, 325 measurement 333 shear 322–3 Vortex formation 223, 225, 560 induced oscillation 612–17 suppression 223, 224, 225, 560, 617 Waterways classification 463–4 constricted 471–3 European 465–6, 465 UK 436, 464–5 USA 466, 467 utilisation of 466–9, 469 width 472–3, 473 Wave Airy 577, 581, 588 breaking 588–90, 589, 609, 636–40 celerity 579–80, 580 cnoidal 577, 577, 585 crest 576, 577 deep water 580, 582, 584, 588 diffraction 593–4, 593 energy 582–3 force 602–10, 637–41 frequency 579 group velocity 584 height (significant) 71, 198–9, 199, 595–6, 599–602 interference 213–15, 214 linear theory 577, 584–5 number 579 overtopping 16, 18, 62, 63, 645–7 period 576, 581, 595 prediction 594–9 reflection 591 roll (translation) 215 run-up 197, 200, 641–5 shallow water 580, 582, 584, 588 shock number 215 sinusoidal 576, 579 solitary 577, 577 spectrum JONSWAP 199, 598–9 Pierson–Moskowitz 598–9 standing 591, 591, 637–41 statistics 599–602 steepness 577, 585, 588 Stokes 577, 577, 585 translation, translatory 215 Weber number 203, 647 Weibull distribution 601 Weir broadcrested 339 coefficient 339 compound 340 foundation 369–75 sharpcrested 339, 340 see also Barrage Wind set-up 197–8 speed 198–9, 199 Young’s modulus (molecules of elasticity) 684–5 Zoning of dams concrete 168, 168, 176, 179 embankment
كلمة سر فك الضغط : books-world.net The Unzip Password : books-world.net أتمنى أن تستفيدوا من محتوى الموضوع وأن ينال إعجابكم رابط من موقع عالم الكتب لتنزيل كتاب Hydraulic Structures رابط مباشر لتنزيل كتاب Hydraulic Structures
|
|