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عدد المساهمات : 16638 التقييم : 29012 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
 | موضوع: كتاب Precision Machining Technology السبت 01 أغسطس 2020, 12:33 am | |
| أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Precision Machining Technology Peter J. Hoffman Berks Career & Technology Center, West Campus, Leesport, PA Eric S. Hopewell Berks Career & Technology Center, West Campus, Leesport, PA Brian Janes Bowling Green Technical College, Bowling Green, KY
 و المحتوى كما يلي :
Preface . xv Acknowledgments . xviii From the Authors xx About the Authors . xxi SECTION 1 Introduction to Machining . 3 Unit 1 Introduction to Machining 4 Learning Objectives 4 Key Terms 4 Introduction 5 Machining Defined . 5 History of Machining 5 Simple Machine Tools 5 Industrial Revolution . 6 20th-Century Machining 7 The Role of Machining in Society 8 People, Manufacturing, and Machining . 8 Major Machine Tools 11 Sawing Machines . 11 The Drill Press . 13 The Lathe 13 The Milling Machine . 13 Abrasive Machining 15 Electrical Discharge Machining 16 Laser Machining . 16 Water Jet Machining . 17 Summary 19 Review Questions 19 Unit 2 Careers in Machining 20 Learning Objectives 20 Key Terms 20 Introduction . 21 Modern Machining Careers 21 Operator . 21 Set-up Technician . 21 Contents Conventional Machinist . 22 CNC Machinist 22 Programmer . 24 Die Maker, Mold Maker, Toolmaker 24 Supervisory Positions . 25 Related Careers . 25 Mechanical Designer . 25 Engineering Positions 25 Machine Tool Service Technician . 26 Quality Control Technician/Inspector 26 Industrial Salesperson . 27 Summary . 27 Review Questions . 27 Unit 3 Workplace Skills . 28 Learning Objectives 28 Key Terms 28 Introduction 29 Personal Skills 29 Mechanical Aptitude . 29 Manual Dexterity and Eye-Hand Coordination . 29 Problem-Solving, Troubleshooting, and Decision-Making Skills . 29 Focus and Concentration with Attention to Detail . 29 Persistence and Patience 30 Personal Responsibility and Reliability . 30 Ability to Perform Multi-Step Processes 30 Ability to Use Technical Reference Materials . 30 Interpersonal Skills 30 Significant Memory Use . 30 Technical Skills 30 Ability to Interpret Engineering Drawings . 30 Knowledge of English and Metric Systems of Measurement . 31 Proficient Math Skills 31 Use of Hand Tools, Measuring Tools, and Machine and Cutting Tools . 31 Understanding of Metals and Other Materials and Their Properties 31 Computer Technology . 31 Training Opportunities/Methods . 31 Secondary School (High School) Programs 31 Post-Secondary Training 32 Employer-Provided Training . 32 Apprenticeships 32 NIMS . 33 Job Seeking . 33 Career Plan . 33 Resume 33 References 36 Cover Letter 36 Career Portfolio . 38 Finding Opportunities 38 Interviewing . 38 Summary . 40 Review Questions . 40 SECTION 2 Measurement, Materials, and Safety 42 Unit 1 Introduction to Safety 44 Learning Objectives 44 Key Terms 44 Introduction 45 General Safety Guidelines 45 OSHA and NIOSH 45 General Clothing for a Machining Environment 46 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 46 Eye Protection . 47 Hearing Protection 47 Respirators . 48 Gloves 48 Hard Hats . 49 Housekeeping . 49 Guards and Barriers 50 Handling and Lifting 51 Compressed Air Safety 51 Lockout/Tagout . 52 Tagout . 52 Lockout 52 Hazardous Materials . 53 Hazardous Material Labeling 53 iv Contents SDS . 56 Fire Safety 60 The Fire Triangle 60 Fire Extinguishers 60 Safety Documentation 61 Summary . 62 Review Questions . 63 Unit 2 Measurement Systems and Machine Tool Math overview . 64 Learning Objectives 64 Key Terms 65 Introduction 65 Measurement Systems of the Machining World 65 The English System (Inches) 65 The Metric System or SI . 65 Machining Mathematic Concepts and Operations . 65 Fractional Operations 65 Fractional/Decimal Conversion . 68 Basic Algebra 68 Ratios and Proportions 70 English/Metric and Metric/English Conversions 70 Basic Geometry 71 Angles . 72 Cartesian Coordinates . 76 Basic Trigonometry . 77 Summary 81 Review Questions . 82 Unit 3 Semi-Precision Measurement 83 Learning Objectives 83 Key Terms 83 Introduction 84 What Is Semi-Precision Measurement? 84 Rules 84 Reading English Rules 85 Reading Metric Rules . 86 Calipers 88 Adjustable Squares 91 The Combination Set 91 Precision Transfer or Helper-Type Measuring Tools . 133 Small Hole Gages . 133 Telescoping Gages 134 Adjustable Parallels 134 Dial and Digital Indicators . 135 Applications of Plunge-Type Indicators . 136 Applications of Test Indicators . 136 Sine Tools 140 Sine Bars and Sine Blocks 140 Sine Plates . 140 Sine Vises . 141 Surface Finish Measurement 141 Surface Roughness Comparator . 143 Profilometer . 143 Optical Comparators . 143 Toolmaker’s Microscope 144 Coordinate Measuring Machine . 145 Summary 145 Review Questions 146 Unit 5 Quality Assurance, Process Planning, and Quality Control 147 Learning Objectives . 147 Key Terms . 147 Introduction . 148 Quality Assurance 148 The Process Plan 148 Material Selection 148 Machine Selection and Workholding 148 Tooling Selection 148 Speed and Feed Calculation 150 Other Information 150 Quality Control . 150 Sampling Plan . 150 Inspection Plan 150 Statistical Process Control (SPC) . 150 Summary 156 Review Questions 156 Unit 6 Metal Composition and Classification 157 Learning Objectives . 157 Key Terms . 157 Angular Measurement . 92 Protractors 92 Bevels . 92 Die Maker’s Square 95 Fixed Gages . 95 Radius and Fillet Gages 95 Angle Gages . 96 Screw Pitch Gage . 96 Summary . 97 Review Questions . 97 Unit 4 Precision Measurement . 99 Learning Objectives 99 Key Terms 100 Introduction 100 What is Precision Measurement? . 100 Care of Precision Tools 100 Straight Edges 101 Precision Fixed Gages 101 Thickness Gages . 101 Pin or Plug Gages . 101 Ring Gages 103 Snap Gages . 105 Surface Plates 106 Solid Squares 107 Gage Blocks . 108 Selecting Gage Blocks for Builds . 109 Vernier Measuring Tools . 111 Vernier Calipers . 111 Vernier Height Gage . 111 Vernier Depth Gage . 112 Vernier Gear Tooth Caliper 112 Vernier Protractor 112 Reading Vernier Scales . 113 Micrometers 117 Outside Micrometer Caliper 117 Reading Outside Micrometer Calipers 121 Calibration of the Outside Micrometer Caliper . 122 Inside Micrometers . 125 Depth Micrometers . 127 Dial and Digital Measuring Tools 128 Dial and Digital Calipers . 128 Dial and Digital Height Gages 130 Dial and Digital Depth Gages 130 Dial and Digital Bore Gages . 132 Unit 8 Maintenance, Lubrication, and Cutting Fluid overview . 190 Learning Objectives 190 Key Terms 190 Maintenance 191 Lubrication 191 Moving Parts and Wear Surfaces 193 Cutting Fluids . 193 Oil-Based Cutting Fluids 194 Chemical-Based Cutting Fluids 195 Measuring Cutting Fluid Mixtures . 196 Refractometer 196 Cold Air Guns . 196 Solid and Semi-Solid Cutting Compounds . 196 Methods of Application . 197 Summary . 198 Review Questions . 199 SECTION 3 Job Planning, Benchwork, and Layout 200 Unit 1 Understanding Drawings . 202 Learning Objectives 202 Key Terms 202 Importance of Engineering Drawings . 203 Components of Engineering Drawings 203 Title Block . 203 Orthographic Projection 203 Line Types 207 Basic Symbols and Notation . 211 Tolerance 211 Bilateral Tolerances 211 Unilateral Tolerances . 211 Limit Tolerances . 213 MMC and LMC . 213 Tolerance Specifications 214 Classes of Fit . 214 Allowances 214 Classifications of Fits . 217 Introduction . 158 Ferrous Metals 158 Wrought Iron . 158 Plain Carbon Steels . 158 Alloy Steels 159 Tool Steels 160 Cast Iron 164 Stainless Steels . 164 Nonferrous Metals . 167 Aluminum Alloys 167 Magnesium Alloys 168 Copper Alloys . 169 Titanium Alloys 170 Superalloys 170 Summary 174 Review Questions 174 Unit 7 Heat Treatment of Metals 175 Learning Objectives . 175 Key Terms . 175 Introduction . 176 Hardening 176 Direct Hardening 176 Surface Hardening 176 Case Hardening 176 Tempering 179 Annealing . 179 Normalizing 179 Heat Treatment of Nonferrous Metals 179 Aluminum Alloys 179 Heat-Treating Furnaces 180 Box Furnaces 180 Production and Specialty Furnaces . 180 Atmospheric Furnaces 181 Furnace Controls 182 Heat-Treatment Safety . 182 Hardness Scales and Testing . 182 Rockwell Hardness Scales 182 Brinell Hardness Scale . 186 Cross-Reference of Brinell and Rockwell Hardness Values . 188 Summary . 188 Review Questions . 189 Tongue-and-Groove Pliers . 252 Side Cutting Pliers . 252 Diagonal Cutters 252 Hammers . 252 Ball Peen 252 Soft Face 252 Wrenches . 253 Open-End Wrench . 254 Box-End Wrench 254 Double-Ended Wrench . 254 Adjustable Wrench 254 Socket Wrench . 255 Spanner Wrench . 255 Hex Key Wrench . 255 Bench Vise . 256 Bases . 256 Jaws . 257 Clamps . 258 C-Clamp . 258 Parallel Clamp . 258 Hinged Clamp . 258 Hacksaws . 258 Hacksaw Blades 258 Hacksaw Use 258 Files 259 File Classification . 259 Special Files 260 File Selection 261 General File Use 261 Filing Tips . 263 Deburring 263 Abrasives . 263 Summary . 264 Review Questions . 265 Unit 4 Saws and Cutoff Machines . 266 Learning Objectives 266 Key Terms 266 Introduction 267 Power Hacksaws . 267 Band Sawing Machines 267 Horizontal Band Saws . 267 Vertical Band Saws 269 Saw Blade Characteristics and Applications 271 Blade Material 271 Tooth Set . 273 Blade Pitch or TPI 273 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) . 220 Datum . 220 Feature Control Frame . 220 Interpretation of Geometric Tolerances 220 Summary . 229 Review Questions . 230 Unit 2 Layout . 232 Learning Objectives 232 Key Terms 232 Introduction 233 Layout Fluid (Layout Dye) 233 Layout Fluid Remover . 233 Semi-Precision Layout 234 Scribers 234 Layout with a Combination Set 235 Divider 235 Trammel . 236 Prick and Center Punches . 236 Hermaphrodite Caliper 238 Plain Protractor . 238 Surface Plate . 238 Surface Gage 238 Workholding Accessories 240 Precision Layout . 241 Height Gage 241 Precision Angular Layout 241 Basic Layout Construction and Math 242 The Layout of Square Shapes . 245 Layout Procedure Guidelines . 248 Summary . 248 Review Questions . 249 Unit 3 Hand Tools . 250 Learning Objectives 250 Key Terms 250 Introduction . 251 Screwdrivers . 251 Phillips 251 Straight . 251 Offset 251 Torx 251 Pliers . 251 Slip Joint Pliers . 251 Needle Nose Pliers 251 Locking Pliers . 252 Threading and Tapping 298 Basic Thread Terminology 298 Thread Designations . 301 Tap Drills . 301 Tapered Pipe Threads . 302 Tap Styles . 302 Tap Use . 307 Die Use . 309 Summary 310 Review Questions 311 SECTION 4 Drill Press . 313 Unit 1 Introduction to the Drill Press 314 Learning Objectives . 314 Key Terms . 314 Introduction . 315 Upright Drill Press 316 Drill Press Controls 317 Gang Drill Press 318 Radial-Arm Drill Press 319 Micro Drill Press 319 Summary . 320 Review Questions . 320 Unit 2 Tools, Toolholding, and Workholding for the Drill Press . 321 Learning Objectives . 321 Key Terms . 321 Introduction 322 Types Of Cutting-Tool Materials 322 Drill Bits 322 Twist Drills . 322 Spotting and Center Drills . 325 Reamers . 326 Reamer Parts 326 Reamer Sizes 327 Countersinks and Counterbores . 327 Toolholding . 329 Morse Taper-Shank Toolholding 329 Straight-Shank Toolholding . 331 Blade Width . 274 Blade Thickness or Gauge 274 Rake 274 Gullet 275 Tooth Patterns 275 Band Saw Blade Welding . 275 Band Length 275 Band Welding 276 Band Saw Blade Mounting/Removal . 278 Blade Speed 279 The Abrasive Cutoff Saw 279 Metal Cutting Circular (Cold) Saws . 281 Summary 281 Review Questions . 282 Unit 5 offhand Grinding . 283 Learning Objectives 283 Key Terms 283 Introduction 284 Grinder Uses 284 Abrasive Belt and Disc Machine Uses 285 Grinding Wheels . 285 Abrasive Type 285 Wheel Grit (Abrasive Grain Size) 286 Wheel Size 286 Maximum Wheel Speed . 286 Grinding Wheel Storage 287 Pedestal Grinder Setup 287 Grinding Wheel Ring Testing 287 Grinding Wheel Mounting 288 Tool Rest and Adjustment . 288 Spark Breaker and Adjustment 289 Grinding Wheel Dressing 289 Grinding Procedures 291 Summary 291 Review Questions . 292 Unit 6 Drilling, Threading, Tapping, and Reaming 293 Learning Objectives 293 Key Terms 293 Introduction 294 Benchwork Holemaking Operations . 294 Twist Drilling . 294 Counterboring, Countersinking, and Spotfacing . 295 Reaming . 296 Summary . 364 Review Questions . 365 Unit 2 Workholding and Toolholding Devices for the Lathe 366 Learning Objectives 366 Key Terms 366 Introduction 367 Workholding . 367 Jaw-Type Chucks 367 Collets . 371 Faceplate . 374 Workholding Between Centers . 374 Mandrels . 378 Auxiliary Workpiece Supporting Methods . 379 Holding Cutting Tools 381 Rocker-Type Toolholding . 381 Quick-Change Toolholding . 382 Indexable Tool Posts 383 Holemaking Toolholding 383 Summary . 384 Review Questions . 385 Unit 3 Machining operations on the Lathe . 387 Learning Objectives 387 Key Terms 387 Introduction 388 Depth of Cut, Speed, Feed, and Time Calculation 388 Depth of Cut . 388 Speed . 389 Feed . 389 Roughing and Finishing . 389 Machining Time Calculation . 390 General Lathe Safety . 391 Facing and Turning Operations 391 Facing and Turning Tools 391 Internal Toolholders for Carbide Inserts 399 Turning 404 Shouldering 407 Filing and Polishing . 411 Center and Spot Drilling 414 Center Drills . 414 Spotting Drills 414 Workholding 331 Drill Press Vise 332 V-Block 332 Angle Plate . 334 Hold-Down Clamps . 334 Summary . 336 Review Questions . 336 Unit 3 Drill Press operations 337 Learning Objectives . 337 Key Terms . 337 Introduction 338 General Drill Press Safety . 338 Speed and Feed 338 Cutting Speed and RPM Calculation 338 Feed Rates for Drill Press Operations . 341 Locating Holes on the Drill Press . 342 Center Drilling and Spot Drilling . 344 Drilling . 345 Through and Blind Holes 346 Reaming 348 Counterboring and Spotfacing . 348 Chamfering and Countersinking . 350 Tapping 350 Summary . 353 Review Questions . 353 SECTION 5 Turning 355 Unit 1 Introduction to the Lathe . 356 Learning Objectives 356 Key Terms 356 Introduction . 357 Headstock . 357 Spindle . 358 Quick-Change Gear Box . 360 Lathe Bed . 360 Carriage . 360 Saddle 360 Leadscrew and Feed Rod 362 Apron . 362 Tailstock . 363 Lathe Size 363 Swing . 363 Bed Length . 363 Unit 5 Taper Turning 446 Learning Objectives 446 Key Terms 446 Introduction 447 Typical Taper Specifications . 447 Angular Specification 447 Rate-of-Change Specification . 447 Taper Dimensions and Calculations 448 Converting TPI or TPF to an Angular Dimension . 451 Converting an Angular Dimension to TPI or TPF . 451 Taper Turning Methods . 451 Tool Bit Method 451 Compound-Rest Method . 451 Taper Attachment Method . 454 Offset Tailstock Method 456 Summary . 459 Review Questions . 459 SECTION 6 Milling 461 Unit 1 Introduction to the Vertical Milling Machine . 462 Learning Objectives 462 Key Terms 462 Introduction 463 Base and Column 464 Knee . 464 Saddle 465 Table 465 Turret . 466 Ram 466 Head . 467 Spindle . 467 Quill . 469 Head Movements . 471 Optional Features . 472 Summary . 475 Review Questions . 475 Unit 2 Tools, Toolholding, and Workholding for the Vertical Milling Machine . 476 Learning Objectives 476 Key Terms 476 Holemaking on the Lathe . 415 Drilling 415 Reaming 416 Counterboring and Countersinking 416 Boring . 416 Internal Shouldering . 418 Thread Cutting with Taps and Dies 419 Form Cutting 419 Grooving and Cutoff (Parting) . 420 Knurling . 422 Summary . 425 Review Questions . 425 Unit 4 Manual Lathe Threading 427 Learning Objectives 427 Key Terms 427 Introduction 428 Screw Thread Terminology . 428 Class of Fit 429 Determining Thread Data 430 Major Diameter for External Threads . 430 Minor Diameter for Internal Threads . 430 Compound-Rest In-Feed . 430 Pitch Diameter 430 Producing Threads on the Lathe . 432 Lathe Setup . 432 Installing the Workpiece . 432 Setting the Quick-Change Gear Box . 433 Setting the Compound Rest 433 Setting the Spindle Speed . 435 Installing and Aligning the Cutting Tool . 435 Lathe Threading Operation 436 Referencing the Cutting Tool . 436 Threading Dial and Half-Nuts . 436 Threading Tool In-Feed and Positioning 437 Methods for Terminating a Thread 438 Thread Measurement . 440 Thread Ring and Plug Gages . 440 Thread Micrometer 440 Three-Wire Method . 441 Thread Form Measurement 442 Other Thread Forms 442 Acme Thread . 442 Tapered Pipe Threads . 442 Buttress Threads 443 Summary . 444 Review Questions . 444 Speeds and Feeds for Milling Operations . 502 Holemaking Operations . 504 Locating to a Layout 504 Locating from an Edge . 504 Locating the Center of an Existing Part Feature . 505 Boring 506 Milling Basics . 509 Squaring a Block 510 Milling Side A . 510 Milling Side B . 512 Milling Side C . 512 Milling Side D . 513 Milling Sides E and F . 514 Squaring a Block Using an Angle Plate 517 Angular Milling 517 Milling with Angled Cutters . 517 Milling Angles by Positioning the Workpiece 518 Milling Angles by Tilting the Machine Head . 521 Milling Steps, Slots, and Keyseats 522 Basic Step Milling . 522 Slot Milling 523 Milling Radii 528 Milling External Radii . 529 Milling Internal Radii (Fillets) 530 Pocket Milling 531 Summary . 533 Review Questions . 534 Unit 4 Indexing and Rotary Table operations 535 Learning Objectives 535 Key Terms 535 Introduction 536 Parts of The Rotary Table 536 Rotary Table Setup 536 Workpiece Setup for the Rotary Table . 537 Rotary Table Operations . 538 Angular Positioning for Milling and Drilling . 538 Milling Outside and Inside Radii 539 The Indexing Head . 539 Parts of the Indexing Head . 540 Indexing Head Setup 540 Indexing Head Operations . 540 Direct Indexing Head Operations . 541 Simple Indexing 542 Summary . 544 Review Questions . 544 Introduction 477 Cutter Shanks and Arbors 477 Cutting-Tool Materials 477 Carbide Inserts . 477 Proper Cutting-Tool Storage . 481 Endmills 481 Roughing Endmills 482 Ballnose Endmills 482 Radius Endmills . 482 Corner-Rounding Cutters . 482 Chamfer Endmills 483 Tapered Endmills . 483 Flat-Surface Milling Cutters 484 Specialty Milling Cutters 485 T-slot Cutters . 485 Dovetail Cutter 485 Woodruff Keyseat Cutter 485 Slitting Saws . 485 Form Milling Cutters 486 Toolholding . 486 Endmill Toolholders . 486 Drill Chucks . 487 Morse Taper Adapters 487 Shell Mill Arbors 487 Stub Arbors . 488 R-8 Collets 488 Workholding . 488 Hold-Down Clamps . 488 Milling Vises 490 Chucks/Collet Fixtures 492 Vacuum Plates, Magnetic, and Adhesive-Based Workholding . 492 Fixtures 494 Summary . 494 Review Questions . 495 Unit 3 Vertical Milling Machine operations . 496 Learning Objectives 496 Key Terms 496 Introduction 497 General Milling Machine Safety . 497 Tramming The Vertical Milling Machine Head 497 Aligning Workholding Devices 499 Aligning a Milling Vise 499 Aligning Other Workholding Devices and Large Workpieces 501 Dressing Aluminum Oxide and Silicon Carbide Wheels 566 Dressing Diamond and CBN Wheels . 568 Grinding Parallel Surfaces 568 Grinding the Magnetic Chuck 570 Grinding Perpendicular Surfaces . 570 Grinding Angles . 571 Side Grinding . 572 Dressing the Wheel for Side Grinding 572 Performing Side Grinding . 573 Grinding Cylindrical Work . 575 Grinding Problems . 575 Burning of the Work Surface 575 Scratches on the Work Surface . 576 Waviness or Chatter on the Work Surface 576 Summary 577 Review Questions 577 SECTION 8 Computer Numerical Control . 578 Unit 1 CnC Basics 580 Learning Objectives 580 Key Terms 580 Introduction . 581 The CNC Machine Control Unit 582 CNC Motion Control . 582 Drive Screws . 582 CNC Guideways . 583 Servo Motors . 584 Coordinate Systems 585 The Cartesian Coordinate System 585 The Polar Coordinate System 586 Positioning Systems . 587 The Absolute Positioning System 587 The Incremental Positioning System . 587 Codes . 587 G-Codes 587 M-Codes . 588 Other Word Address Commands . 588 Binary Code 590 Conversational-Type Programming 590 Parts of a CNC Program 590 Safe-Start . 590 Material Removal . 591 Program Ending . 591 SECTION 7 Grinding . 547 Unit 1 Introduction to Precision Grinding Machines 548 Learning Objectives 548 Key Terms 548 Introduction 549 Surface Grinders . 549 Horizontal Spindle Surface Grinders 549 Vertical Spindle Surface Grinders . 550 Cylindrical Grinders . 551 The Centerless Grinder 552 Tool and Cutter Grinders 553 The Jig Grinder 553 Summary . 553 Review Questions . 554 Unit 2 Grinding Wheels for Precision Grinding . 555 Learning Objectives 555 Key Terms 555 Introduction 556 Wheel Shapes 556 Grinding-Wheel Specifications . 557 Abrasive Type . 557 Grit Size (Grain Size) . 558 Grade . 558 Structure 558 Bond Type . 558 Superabrasives 559 Summary . 560 Review Questions . 560 Unit 3 Surface Grinding operations 561 Learning Objectives . 561 Key Terms . 561 Introduction 562 General Surface Grinder Safety . 562 Mounting the Grinding Wheel . 562 Workholding Devices . 563 Magnetic Devices 563 Angle Plates, V-Blocks, and Collet Blocks 566 Vises . 566 Wheel Dressing . 566 Canned Cycles . 622 Holemaking Canned Cycles 622 Tapping Canned Cycles 624 Rough and Finish Turning Canned Cycles . 626 Threading Canned Cycles . 626 Tool Nose Radius Compensation . 629 Summary . 634 Review Questions . 635 Unit 4 CnC Turning: Setup and operation 636 Learning Objectives 636 Key Terms 636 Machine Control Panel . 637 Workholding Setup 638 Machine and Work Coordinate Systems . 641 Power-Up and Homing . 641 Work Offset Setting 642 Cutting Tools for Turning 643 Cutting-Tool Installation 643 Cutting-Tool Offsets for Turning 643 Program Entry for Turning . 645 Turning Machine Operation . 646 Program Prove-Out . 646 Auto Mode 647 Summary . 647 Review Questions . 648 Unit 5 Introduction to CnC Milling . 649 Learning Objectives 649 Key Terms 649 Introduction 650 Types of CNC Milling Machines . 650 ATC Types . 650 Toolholding . 653 CNC Spindle Types . 653 Tool Attachment Styles 654 Workholding . 658 Process Planning . 662 Summary . 662 Review Questions . 663 Unit 6 CnC Milling: Programming 664 Learning Objectives 664 Key Terms 664 Summary . 593 Review Questions . 593 Unit 2 Introduction to CnC Turning . 594 Learning Objectives 594 Key Terms 594 Introduction 595 Types of Turning Machines 597 Turret-Type Machines 597 Gang-Tool-Type Machines . 597 CNC Lathes . 598 Swiss-Type Turning Center 598 Tool-Mounting 600 Cutting Toolholders . 600 Workholding . 605 Workholding Collets 605 Workholding Chucks 606 Process Planning . 606 Summary . 607 Review Questions . 607 Unit 3 CnC Turning: Programming . 609 Learning Objectives 609 Key Terms 609 Introduction 610 Coordinate Positioning for Turning . 610 Types of Motion for Turning . 610 Rapid Traverse for Turning—G0 . 610 Linear Interpolation for Turning—G1 610 Circular Interpolation for Turning—G2 and G3 611 Non-Axis Motion Commands . 614 Spindle Speed for Turning 614 Tool-Change Commands 615 Sequence Numbers . 615 Program Stop Commands . 615 Summary of Safe-Start, Spindle-Start, and Tool-Change/Offset Commands 615 Machining Operations 616 Coolant M-Codes . 616 Facing . 616 Drilling Operations . 616 Straight Turning . 616 Taper Turning 620 Contour Turning 620 Roughing Operations 620 Finishing 622 Program Entry . 711 Machine Operation . 711 Program Prove-out 711 Auto Mode . 712 Summary 712 Review Questions 713 Unit 8 Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing . 714 Learning Objectives . 714 Key Terms . 714 Introduction . 715 Cad Software Use . 715 Geometry Types . 715 Software Types . 716 Cam Software Use 716 Toolpaths 716 Machining Verification/Simulation . 720 Post-Processing 720 Summary . 720 Review Questions 721 Appendix A . 722 Appendix B . 733 Appendix C 734 Appendix D 735 Appendix E 736 Appendix F 738 Glossary . 739 Index 762 Introduction 665 Coordinate Positioning for Milling 665 Speeds and Feed Rates for Milling 666 Spindle Speed . 666 Feed Rates 666 Sequence Numbers 666 Types of Motion for Milling 666 Rapid Traverse—G0 . 666 Linear Interpolation—G1 668 Circular Interpolation . 670 Machining Operations 677 Coolant M-Codes . 677 Facing . 677 Two-Dimensional Milling . 678 Holemaking Operations . 679 Canned Cycles 681 Cutter Radius Compensation . 694 Summary . 697 Review Questions . 698 Unit 7 CnC Milling: Setup and operation 699 Learning Objectives 699 Key Terms 699 Machine Control Panel . 700 Workholding Setup 702 Machine and Work Coordinate Systems . 702 Power-Up and Homing . 702 Work Offset Setting 703 Workpiece Z-axis Offset Setting . 704 Workpiece X-axis and Y-axis Offset Setting . 704 Cutting Tools 707 Cutting-Tool Installation . 707 Cutting-Tool Offset Types 707
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