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عدد المساهمات : 19002 التقييم : 35506 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Plastics - Product Design and Process Engineering الخميس 24 أكتوبر 2019, 12:47 pm | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Plastics - Product Design and Process Engineering Harold Belofsky
و المحتوى كما يلي :
1 Introduction 1 1.1 What is a Polymer? 1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Plastics 1.3 Sources of Technical Information and Standards 2 Chemistry and Classification of Polymers 19 2.1 Overview 2.2 The Carbon-Carbon Primary Bond 2.3 Secondary Bonds Between Molecules 2.4 Classification by Origin 2.5 Classification by Processing Method 2.6 Classification by Chemical Family 2.7 Classification by Method of Polymerization 2.8 Industrial Polymerization Methods 2.9 Classification by Physical Conformation 2.10 Cross-Linking of Polymers 2.11 Compounding Ingredients - Additives and Fillers 2.12 Other Physicochemical Properties 2.13 Naming of Polymers 3 Crystal Structure and Morphology 56 3.1 Overview 3.2 Crystalline Homopolymers 3.3 Spherulitic Microstructures 3.4 Morphology of Glassy or Amorphous Polymers, 3.5 Microstructure of Copolymers and Blends 3.6 Measurement of Crystallinity 3.7 Measurement of Orientation 3.8 Polymer Microscopy Techniques 3.9 Thermal Transitions: Melting 3.10 Thermal Transitions: Glass Transition 3.11 Control of Crystallization 3.12 Annealing 4 Physical and Chemical Characterization of Polymers 79 4.1 Overview 4.2 Definitions of Molecular Weight Averages 4.3 Measurement of Molecular Weights and Relative Molecular Weight Distribution.. 84 4.4 Effects of Molecular Weight on Plastics Properties 4.5 Characterization Using Thermal Analysis Tests 4.6 Chemical Instrumental Analysis 94Xll Contents 5 Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers 5.1 Overview 5.2 Short-Term Tensile Properties 5.3 Review of Basic Stress-Strain Relations 5.4 Designing Within a Modulus Accuracy Limit 5.5 Bending Properties - Use of Flexural Modulus 5.6 Effect of Temperature, Strain Rate, Molecular Weight, and Cross-Linking on Short-Term Mechanical Properties 5.7 Viscoelastic Models . 5.8 Generating and Using Creep Data 5.9 The Boltzmann Superposition Principle 5.10 Dynamic Properties 5.11 Stress Concentrations and Fatigue 5.12 Fracture Mechanics 5.13 Impact Properties 5.14 Ductile-to-Brittle Transitions 5.15 Hardness and Abrasion Resistance 5.16 Safety Factors and Working Stresses 6 Thermal and Chemical Resistance, Electrical, Optical, and Other Nonmechanical Properties 6.1 Overview 6.2 Short-Term Thermal Properties 6.3 Low Temperature Stiffening 6.4 Long-Term Thermal Degradation 6.5 High Service Temperature Polymers 6.6 Chemical Resistance of Polymers 6.7 Permeability in Polymers 6.8 Flammability 6.9 Electrical Properties 6.10 Optical Properties 6.11 Weathering 6.12 Radiation Effects on Polymers 7 Elements of Rheology 182 7.1 Overview 7.2 Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids 7.3 Effects of Molecular Weight, Temperature, and Pressure on Viscosity, 7.4 Viscosity, Temperature, Free Volume, and the WLF Equation 7.5 Dimensions of Viscosity and Range of Values 7.6 Steady State Flow in a Tube - the Capillary Rheometer 7.7 Drag (Couette) Flow 7.8 Elasticity Effects in Polymer Melts 7.9 Flow in Tension 7.10 Torque Rheometry 7.11 The Melt Index Test 7.12 The Rotating Disk Viscometer (Mooney Rheometer) 7.13 Newtonian Flow for Various Channel Shapes ; 7.14 Some Other Examples 207Contents Xlll 7.15 CuiTent Topics in Rheology , 210 8 Extrusion Processes 212 8.1 Overview 8.2 Main Elements of the Single-Screw Extruder 8.3 General Outline of Screw Theory 8.4 Geometry of the Screw....... 8.5 The Solids Conveying Zone 8.6 The Transition Zone 8.7 The Metering Zone 8.8 The Standard Extruder Screw and Modifications 8.9 Barrier Screws 8.10 Two-Stage, Vented Extruders 8.11 Pipe, Tube, and Wire Covering Dies and Downstream Equipment 8.12 Sheet Extrusion 8.13 Oriented Flat Film Extrusion 8.14 Blown-Film Extrusion 8.15 Monofilament and Fiber Extrusion 8.16 Extrusion of Rubbers 8.17 Design of Profile Dies for Thermoplastics 8.18 Postforming Operations 8.19 Operating Tips and Troubleshooting 9 Injection Molding Processes 270 9.1 Overview 9.2 Cycle of Operation 9.3 Machine Construction Details 9.4 Injection Machine Ratings 9.5 Basic Mold Constructions 9.6 Details of Mold Design 9.7 Mold Filling and Part Cooling Estimates 9.8 Orientation Arising in Molding 9.9 Shrinkage in Injection Molding 9.10 Troubleshooting Injection Molding of Thermoplastics 9.11 Injection Molding Fiber-Reinforced and Filled Thermoplastics 9.12 Special Injection Machines and Processes 9.13 Injection Molding of Thermosetting Plastics 9.14 Computer-Aided Engineering in Injection Molding 10 Blow Moldiqg 350 10.1 Overview 10.2 Extrusion Blow Molding 10.3 Injection Blow Molding 10.4 Stretch Injection Blow Molding 10.5 Process Details 10.6 Wall Thickness and Parison Thickness Relationships 10.7 Mold Construction Details 10.8 Coextrusion Blow Molding rMnXIV Contents 11 Other Thermoplastic-Forming Processes 373 11.1 Overview 11.2 Thermoforming Processes 11.3 Rotational Molding 11.4 Casting Processes 11.5 Powder Coating Processes 11.6 Protoype Model-Making Processes... 11.7 Ancillary Processes - Drying 12 Materials and Properties of Polymer Composites 403 12.1 Overview 12.2 Advantages and Limitations of Polymer Composites 12.3 Mechanical Properties of Fiber Composites 12.4 Off-Axis Loading and Angle-Ply Laminates 12.5 Theory of Short-Fiber Reinforcement 12.6 Reinforcing Fibers 12.7 Fiber and Fabric Forms 12.8 Thermosetting Plastic Resins. 12.9 Manufacture of SMC, TMC, and BMC 12.10 Sandwich Panels 12.11 Stampable Thermoplastic Composite Sheet 12.12 Long-Fiber, Injection Moldable Thermoplastics 13 Processing of Polymer Composites 13.1 Overview 13.2 Open Mold Processes 13.3 Filament Winding Processes 13.4 Bag Molding Processes, 13.5 Compression Molding with BMC and SMC 13.6 Reaction Injection Molding 13.7 Resin Transfer Molding 13.8 Pultrusion 14 Foams and Foam Processes 14.1 Overview 14.2 General Properties and Uses of Foamed Polymers.,.. 14.3 Foam Processes 14.4 Expandable Polystyrene Foam Molding 14.5 RIM Foam Molding 14.6 Integral Foam Molding - Low Pressure Processes.... 14.7 Integral Foam Molding - Expandable Mold Process 14.8 Design Guidelines for Integral Foam 15 Compounding, Mixing, and Dispersing Processes, 476 15.1 Overview 15.2 Dry Blending 15.3 Principles of Fluxed-Melt Mixing 15.4 Batch Mixing 15.5 Continuous Mixing Processes 483Contents xv 15.6 Compounding Calculations 485 16 Guidelines for Material Selection, Process Selection, and Product Design 16.1 Overview 16.2 General Criteria for Material Selection 16.3 Comparative Properties of Families of Thermoplastics 16.4 Comparative Properties of Thermosetting Plastics 16.5 Process Selection Guidelines for Thermoplastics 16.6 Process Selection Guidelines for Thermosetting Plastics 16.7 Product Design Guidelines 16.8 Part Tolerances 17 Designing Mechanical Components in Plastics 529 17.1 Overview 17.2 Plastic Bearings 17.3 Plastic Gears 17.4 Plastic Pipe and Tubing 18 Environmental Concerns 541 18.1 Overview 18.2 Survey of Disposal Methods for Polymer Waste 18.3 Recycling into Identical or Similar Products 18.4 Recycling into Less-Demanding Products 18.5 Depolymerization 18.6 Incineration 18.7 Biodegradability 18.8 Source Reduction 18.9 Reclaim and Recycling Equipment and Processes 18.10 Disposal of Thermoset Composites, Tires, and Automobiles Problems 562 Answers to Selected Problems 599 Appendices 605 A.l Working with Units and Terms A.1.1 Dimensional Conversion Factors A.1.2 Some Fundamental Physical Constants in SI and cgs Units A.1.3 SI and Metric Prefixes A.1.4 The Greek Alphabet A.2 Initializations for Plastics and Rubbers A.3 Quick Identification Guides A.3.1 Quick Identification Guide for Plastics; Flame Testing A.3.2 Quick Identification Guide for Plastics: Solvent Testing A.4 Trouble Shooting A.4.1 Trouble Shooting Sheet Extrusions A.4.2 Trouble Shooting Profile Extrusions A.4.3 Trouble Shooting Injection Molding A.5 References 622XVI Contents A.5.1 Bibliography for Polymer Science and Technology, A.5.2 References for Computer-Aided Engineering Index 627
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