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عدد المساهمات : 18726 التقييم : 34712 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/07/2009 الدولة : مصر العمل : مدير منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى
| موضوع: كتاب Practical Injection Molding الإثنين 23 سبتمبر 2019, 12:08 am | |
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أخوانى فى الله أحضرت لكم كتاب Practical Injection Molding Bernie A. Olmsted Consultant Springfield, Massachusetts Martin E. Dauis Consultant Prescott, Arizona
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 Elements of the Injection Molding Process 1 1.2 Summarizing the Elements . 6 2.1 Thermoplastics 8 2.3 Crystalline vs. Amorphous Materials 10 2.4 How Plastics Affect the Molding Process . 11 2.4.1 Melting Characteristics 11 2.4.2 Thermal Conductivity 12 2.4.3 Shear Sensitivity 13 2.4.4 Viscosity (Melt Index) . 14 3 Additives . 16 3.1 Fillers and Reinforcements . 16 3.2 Plasticizers 17 3.3 Stabilizers 17 3.4 Flame Retardants 18 3.5 Colorants . 18 3.6 Adding the Additives 18 4 Loaders and Dryers . 21 4.1 Hopper Loaders and Conveying Systems . 21 4.2 Dryers 22 2 Plastics 8 2.2 Thermosets 9 4.2.1 Hot Air Dryers . 22 4.2.2 Dessicant Dryers 23 5 hjection Unit 26 5.1 The Barrel . 29 5.3 Heater Bands . 33 5.4 Non-Return Valve . 34 5.5 Screw . 38 5.5. I Length-to-Diameter Ratio 39 5.2 End Cap and Nozzle 30 1xX 5.5.2 Screw Profile 40 5.5.3 Compression Ratio .40 5.5.5 Drive Design 41 5.6 Injection Pressure 42 6.1 Hydraulic Clamp System 46 6.3 Clamp Unit Specifications . 50 7 Mold 55 5 S.4 Helix Angle . 41 6 Clamp Unit . 45 6.2 Hydro-Mechanical System . 47 6.4 Ejector System 51 7.1 Mold Components . 55 7.2 Types of Molds . 62 7.2.1 Cold Runner Molds . 62 7.2.2 Hot Runner Molds 64 7.2.3 Other Mold Types 66 7.3 Ejection . 67 7.4 Projected Area 68 7.5 Mold Venting . 70 7.6 Mold Cooling . 71 8Control 76 8.1 Processing Functions . 76 8.2 Control Functions 77 8.3 Process Control . 81 9 Robotics and Granulators . 83 9.1 Robotics . 83 9.2 Granulators . 84 10.1Mold Setup 86 10.2 Process Methods . 89 10.3 Process Setup 90 10.4 Mold Start-up . 93 10.5 Process Documentation 95 11 An Overview - The Cycle . 97 11.l The Cycle - Defined . 97 11.2The Importance of Cycle Time 98 10 Getting 86xi l 1.3 The Greater Importance of “Good Production” . 100 12The Ten Keys to Successful Molding 102 12.1 Adequate Mold Venting . 102 12.2 Proper Mold Cooling . 105 12.3Using the Right Screw 106 12.4Selecting the Appropriate Valve 111 12.5 Controllingthe Heat Profile 113 12.6 Using Back Pressure Wisely . 119 12.7 Controlling the Injection Rate 120 12.8 Managing Screw RPM and Residence Time . 124 12.9 Performance Measurement 128 12.10Preventive Maintenance Program 130 13 Thermoset Molding 132 13.1 Thermoset Materials . 132 13.2 Machine Modifications . 134 13.3Processing Modifications 135 14Safety 137 14.1 Safety Requirementsof ANSI B15 1.1 137 14.2 Safety Rules to Follow 140 15 Recognizing Molding Problems 143 15.1 Process Problems 143 15.1.l Brittleness of Parts . 143 15.1.2 Bubbles and Voids . 144 15.1.3 Burned Material . 145 15.1.4 Cloudy or Hazy Parts . 146 15.1.5 Drool 147 15.1.6 Flash 148 15.1.7 Flow Lines 149 15.1.8 Gate Blush 149 15.1.9Inadequate Color Mixing 150 15.1.10 Jetting 152 15.1.11Knit Lines . 152 15.1.12 Part Deformation 153 15.1.13 Poor Screw Recovery 154 15.1.14 Short Shots 155xii 15.1.15 Sink Marks 156 15.1.16 Splay . 157 15.1.17 Warped Parts . 158 15.2 Component Wear Problems 159 16Terminology . 165 17 Other Molding Notes 186 17.1 Special Molding Processes 186 17.1.1Two Color Molding 186 17.1.3 Gas Assist Molding 189 17.1.4 Powder Injection Molding . 189 17.1.2 Turret Molding 188 17.1.5 Intrusion Molding 191 17.1.6 Other Molding Processes 191 17.2 Molding Operation Items 192 Appendices . 194 A Injection Molding Materials . 194 B Properties of Common Plastics . 196 C Recommended Plastic Drying Data 199 D Useful Data 200 Abbreviations and Symbols 200 Calculations 201 Conversions 202 E Velocity Control on Injection Molding Machines . 203 Nozzle Adaptors (End Caps) 209 F Procedure for Application of Bolt Torque on References . 211 Index . 212
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