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 |  موضوع: كتاب 3D Printing in Oral Health Science - Applications and Future الخميس 16 فبراير 2023, 1:33 am | |
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أخواني في الله
أحضرت لكم كتاب
3D Printing in Oral Health Science - Applications and Future
Directions
Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari, Dinesh Bhatia, Jitendra Sharan
Editors
و المحتوى كما يلي :
Contents
1 An Introduction to Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing in Oral
Health Science . 1
Ritu Duggal and Isha Duggal
1.1 What Is 3D Printing (3DP)? . 1
1.2 How Does 3D Printing Process Work? 1
1.2.1 3D Digital Model Acquisition . 2
1.2.2 3D Digital Image Processing 2
1.2.3 The 3D Printing 2
1.2.4 Post-processing 3
1.3 Brief History of 3D Printing Development . 3
1.4 Contemporary Applications and Limitations
of 3D Printing in Oral Health Science . 3
1.5 Summary . 5
References . 5
2 Principles and Applications of Various 3D Scanning
Methods for Image Acquisition for 3D Printing
Applications in Oral Health Science . 7
Yoon-Ji Kim, Nayansi Jha, Shalini Gupta, Alon Zvirin,
Andis Qendro, Edlira Zere, Ramandeep Kaur Sokhi,
K. S. Naveen, Jitendra Sharan, Suraj Sinha, Swaroop Anil,
and Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari
2.1 Noninvasive, Nonionizing Surface Imaging 8
2.1.1 Intraoral Scanning 8
2.1.2 Desktop Scanning 19
2.1.3 Facial Scanning 26
2.2 Ionizing Surface Imaging . 33
2.2.1 Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging . 33
References . 41
3 Commonly Used 3D Printing Technologies
in Oral Health Science 47
Ramandeep Kaur Sokhi, Nitika Monga,
Kelly Kathering Achachao Almerco, Dipti Shastri,
Manish Bajracharya, Ujjwal Pyakurel,
Mohammad Mohammed Alam, and Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari
3.1 Introduction . 48
3.2 Brief History 48x
3.3 Basic Terminologies . 49
3.3.1 2D Printing 49
3.3.2 3D Printing 49
3.3.3 Additive Manufacturing 50
3.3.4 Subtractive Manufacturing (Computer-Aided
Manufacturing or Milling) 50
3.3.5 Intraoral Scanning 50
3.3.6 Desktop Scanning 50
3.3.7 STL File (Stereolithographic File
or Standard Tessellation Language File) . 50
3.3.8 Stereolithography (SLA) . 50
3.3.9 Stereophotogrammetry . 50
3.3.10 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) . 50
3.3.11 Resolution 50
3.3.12 Accuracy . 51
3.4 Various 3D Printing Technologies for Oral
Health Applications: Principles and Applications 51
3.4.1 Stereolithography (SLA) . 52
3.4.2 Digital Light Processing (DLP) 53
3.4.3 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) . 54
3.4.4 Inkjet 3D Printing/PolyJet
Photopolymerization (PPP) . 54
3.4.5 Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 54
3.4.6 Electron-Beam Melting (EBM) 55
3.4.7 Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) 55
3.5 Commonly Used 3D Printers in Different
Branches of Oral Health Science . 55
3.5.1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 61
3.5.2 Orthodontics . 61
3.5.3 Implantology and Prosthodontics 62
3.5.4 Restorative Dentistry 63
3.5.5 Endodontics . 63
3.5.6 Periodontics . 63
3.6 Summary and Key Points . 64
References . 65
4 An Overview of 3D Printable Materials for Dental and
Craniofacial Applications 69
Nikhil Belsure, Sagar Parekh, and Nimesh Soni
4.1 Introduction to 3D Printed Materials 69
4.2 Classification of 3D Printing Materials 70
4.2.1 Liquid-Based Materials 70
4.2.2 Powder-Based Materials . 70
4.2.3 Solid-Based Materials . 71
4.2.4 AM Technologies and Materials Matrix . 71
Contentsxi
4.3 Digital Dentistry with 3D Printed Materials:
A Broad Perspective . 71
4.3.1 Prominent Use Cases for Dental Applications
in Additive Manufacturing 72
4.3.2 Factors for Adopting 3D Printed Materials
in Digital Dentistry . 76
4.4 Liquid-Based Materials 77
4.4.1 Introduction to Liquid Material-Based
3D Printing Technologies . 77
4.4.2 Dental Applications of Liquid-Based Materials . 78
4.5 Powder-Based Materials . 81
4.5.1 Introduction to Powder Material-Based
3D Printing Technologies . 82
4.5.2 Dental Applications of Powder-Based Materials . 83
4.6 Solid-Based Materials . 85
4.6.1 Introduction to Solid Material-Based
3D Printing Technologies . 85
4.6.2 Dental Applications of Solid Materials 85
4.7 Advancements in Materials for Oral Healthcare . 86
4.7.1 Biomaterials with AM for Dental Applications 86
4.7.2 3D Printed Ceramics for Dental Applications . 87
4.7.3 Other Novel Materials: PEEK, Nitinol 87
4.8 Summary . 88
References . 88
5 Fundamentals of Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
in Dental Healthcare: From Basics to Beyond . 93
Ahmad Al-Hassiny
5.1 Introduction . 93
5.1.1 A Brief History of Computer-Aided Designing
and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) . 93
5.2 CAD/CAM Workflow in Dentistry . 94
5.2.1 Open vs. Closed Systems . 94
5.2.2 3D File Formats 95
5.2.3 Chairside vs. Laboratory CAD/ CAM . 95
5.3 3D Surface Data Acquisition for
Computer-Aided Designing . 96
5.3.1 Laboratory Desktop Scanners . 96
5.3.2 Chairside Intraoral Scanners 98
5.3.3 Scanning of Edentulous Jaws 99
5.4 Computer-Aided Designing (CAD)
for Dental Applications 100
5.4.1 Exocad . 101
5.4.2 3Shape . 103
5.4.3 CEREC Software and inLab CAD Software 104
5.4.4 Implant Planning Software . 106
5.4.5 Virtual Articulator 107
5.4.6 Jaw Motion Tracking 108
Contentsxii
5.4.7 Digital Smile Design 108
5.4.8 Digital Orthodontics . 111
5.4.9 Digital Denture Design 112
5.5 Computer-Aided Manufacturing for Dental Applications 114
5.5.1 Chairside vs. Laboratory CAM 114
5.5.2 Dry and Wet Milling 115
5.5.3 Material Processing . 116
5.6 Summary . 116
References . 117
6 3D Printing and Its Applications in Maxillofacial Surgery . 121
Ajoy Roychoudhury and Bhaskar Agarwal
6.1 Introduction . 121
6.2 Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP) . 122
6.3 3 Dimensional Printing (3D Printing) . 126
6.4 Types of 3D-Printed Models 127
6.4.1 Training Models 127
6.4.2 Planning Models . 130
6.4.3 Simulation Models 131
6.4.4 Patient-Specific Surgical Guides . 132
6.5 Patient-Specific Implants (Custom Implants) . 133
6.6 Limitations and Areas of Research . 133
6.7 Future Perspectives and Summary 134
References . 134
7 Applications of 3D Printing in Periodontal
Tissue Regeneration 135
Kunaal Dhingra, Kanika Makker, Flora Verma,
and Bhumika Gumber
7.1 Introduction . 135
7.2 Methodology 136
7.2.1 Protocol 136
7.2.2 Literature Search Strategy 136
7.2.3 Selection Criteria for Inclusion/Exclusion
of Studies . 136
7.2.4 Data Extraction 136
7.2.5 Quality Assessment of Animal Studies 137
7.2.6 Outcomes Evaluation 137
7.3 Results . 137
7.3.1 Animal Studies . 138
7.3.2 Human Studies . 144
7.4 Discussion 144
7.4.1 Overview of Reported Studies . 144
7.4.2 Scaffold Materials and Design . 144
7.4.3 Biomolecules 146
7.4.4 Printing Technologies . 146
7.4.5 Periodontal Tissue Regeneration . 147
7.4.6 Merits and Demerits . 147
7.4.7 Summary and Future Prospects 147
References . 147
Contentsxiii
8 Contemporary Applications of 3D Printing in Prosthodontics 151
Aditi Nanda, Shankar Iyer, Mathew T. Kattadiyil,
Veena Jain, Harsimran Kaur, and Dheeraj Koli
8.1 3D Printing Applications in Prosthodontics . 151
8.2 3D Printing for Complete Denture Fabrication 153
8.2.1 Procedural Details of 3D Printing
in Removable Complete Dental Prosthodontics . 153
8.3 Fixed Prosthodontics 166
8.3.1 3D Printed Casts and Dies 166
8.3.2 Metal Frameworks of Tooth-Supported
and Implant-Borne FDPs . 166
8.3.3 Prosthesis Fabricated in Ceramics and Zirconia . 172
8.3.4 Provisional Crowns/Bridges Fabrication
by 3D Printing . 174
8.4 3D Printing in Implant Dentistry . 175
8.4.1 Surgical Guide/Template and Models . 175
8.4.2 Implant Abutments and Subperiosteal Implants . 178
8.5 Maxillofacial Prosthesis Fabricated by 3D Printing 179
8.5.1 Extraoral Defects (Facial Prosthesis
and Cranial Implants) 179
8.5.2 Intraoral Defects (Mandibular and Mandibular) . 181
8.6 Metal-Based Partial Dentures . 183
8.6.1 Accuracy of Metal Printed Partial Dentures 184
8.6.2 Retentive Force of AM Printed Clasps . 185
8.6.3 Internal Porosity and Surface Roughness 186
8.6.4 Patient Satisfaction 186
8.7 Occlusal Splints and Miscellaneous Appliances . 186
8.7.1 Fabrication of Splints, Overlays,
and Interim Appliances by AM 187
8.7.2 Appraisal of Properties of Appliances
Fabricated by AM 187
8.8 Summary . 188
References . 189
9 3D-Printed Surgical Positioning Rib Graft Jig in Combined
Orthodontic-Surgical Management of Pruzansky/Kaban
Type IIB and Type III Hemifacial Microsomia 199
Dror Aizenbud, Tal Capucha, Hagai Hazan Molina,
Edlira Zere, Dekel Shilo, Omri Emodi, and Adi Rachmiel
9.1 Introduction . 200
9.2 Three-Dimensional Planning and Printing 201
9.3 The Surgical Technique 204
9.4 The Orthodontic Technique . 205
9.5 Discussion 207
9.6 Summary . 208
References . 208
Contentsxiv
10 Bioprinting Applications in Craniofacial Regeneration . 211
David T. Wu, Hieu M. Pham, Owen Tao, Kevin Y. Wu,
and Simon D. Tran
10.1 Introduction 212
10.2 3D Bioprinting Process . 212
10.2.1 Pre-bioprinting Phase . 212
10.2.2 Bioprinting Phase 213
10.2.3 Post-bioprinting Phase 213
10.3 3D Bioprinting Armamentarium 214
10.3.1 Cellular Component 214
10.3.2 Biomaterials 216
10.3.3 Regulators . 221
10.4 3D Bioprinter Technology . 221
10.4.1 Inkjet 3D Bioprinting . 221
10.4.2 Light-Assisted 3D Bioprinting 222
10.4.3 Extrusion 3D Bioprinting 223
10.5 3D Bioprinting Clinical Applications 223
10.5.1 Dental Pulp and Whole-Tooth Regeneration . 224
10.5.2 Periodontal Regeneration 225
10.5.3 Craniofacial and Maxillofacial Regeneration 226
10.6 Limitations and Areas of Research 227
10.7 Future Perspectives and Summary . 228
References . 228
11 3D-Printed Metal Implants for Maxillofacial Restorations 233
Bhanupratap Gaur, Samrat Sagar, Suraj Naik,
Nakul Parasharami, Adil Gandevivala, Srivalli Natrajan,
Rupesh Ghyar, and Ravi Bhallamudi
11.1 Maxillofacial and Orbital Restoration 233
11.1.1 Introduction 233
11.1.2 Maxillofacial Restoration 234
11.1.3 Orbital Reconstruction and Restoration . 234
11.1.4 Current Challenges . 235
11.2 Design of Patient-Customized Maxillofacial Implants . 235
11.2.1 Maxillofacial Imaging and Modeling 236
11.2.2 Implant Design Considerations . 236
11.2.3 Design Verification and Validation . 238
11.3 Fabrication of Customized Implants . 240
11.3.1 Biocompatible Materials 240
11.3.2 Metal 3D Printing of Implants 240
11.3.3 Post-processing of Implants 241
11.3.4 Inspection and Testing 242
11.4 Case Studies 243
11.4.1 Maxillofacial Restoration 243
11.4.2 Orbital Restoration . 245
11.5 Regulations and Future . 248
11.5.1 Regulatory Landscape 248
11.5.2 Future Trends . 249
References . 250
Contentsxv
12 3D Printing in Endodontics 253
Sidhartha Sharma, Vijay Kumar, Amrita Chawla,
and Ajay Logani
12.1 Introduction 253
12.2 Guided Endodontic Access 254
12.3 Guided Endodontic Microsurgery . 260
12.4 Tooth Models for Education, Training and Research 261
12.5 Autotransplantation 263
12.6 Regenerative Endodontics . 264
12.7 Summary 264
References . 264
13 3D Printing: Limitations, Safety, and Regulatory
Considerations for Oral Health Science 269
Rong-Fu Kuo, Yu-Sheng Lin, Tai-Hua Yang,
and Anh-Thu Nguyen
13.1 Introduction 269
13.1.1 Role of 3D Printing in Digital Dentistry
Workflow 270
13.1.2 Emergence of 3D Printing Technologies
and Its Procedure 270
13.1.3 Clinical Applications of 3D Printing
in Oral Health Science 271
13.2 Limitations of 3D Printing in Dentistry . 273
13.3 Pros and Cons of 3D Printing in Dentistry 273
13.3.1 Pros of 3D Printing in Dentistry 273
13.3.2 Cons of 3D Printing in Dentistry 276
13.4 Safety of 3D Printing in Dentistry . 279
13.4.1 Risk of Fire and Burn . 279
13.4.2 Pinch Points Injuries . 280
13.4.3 Scraper Blades 280
13.4.4 Electric Shocks from Printer . 280
13.4.5 Removing Support Structures
from Finished Prints 281
13.4.6 Dangers from Materials: Health Impacts
from Ultrafine Particles (UFPs) and Volatile
Organic Compounds (VOC) . 281
13.5 Regulatory Issues in 3D Printing in Dentistry:
International and National Perspective . 282
13.5.1 The United States 282
13.5.2 EU . 283
13.5.3 China . 284
13.5.4 Japan . 284
13.5.5 India 284
13.6 3D Printing in Dental Training and Education . 284
13.6.1 Benefits . 284
13.6.2 Applications of 3D Printing in Education Today 285
13.6.3 Dental Education in the Future . 287
Contentsxvi
13.7 Future Trend of 3D Printing in Dentistry 287
13.8 Summary 288
References . 288
14 Future of 3D Printing in Oral Health Sciences 293
Dinesh Bhatia, Harnoor Dhillon, and Laishram Bijaya Devi
14.1 Introduction 293
14.2 Future of 3D Printing in Prosthetic
and Restorative Dentistry 295
14.2.1 Fixed Restorations . 295
14.2.2 Dental Implants . 296
14.2.3 Dentures . 297
14.3 Future of 3D Printing in Orthodontics 298
14.3.1 In-House Aligners . 299
14.3.2 Presurgical Orthopedics . 300
14.3.3 3D Printing in Conventional Orthodontics 300
14.4 3D Printing in Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 301
14.4.1 Orthognathic Surgery . 301
14.4.2 Patient-Specific Implants and Plates . 301
14.4.3 Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration 303
14.5 Dental Education and Training . 303
14.6 Low-Cost Digital Workflow 304
14.7 Metamaterials and 4D Printing . 305
14.8 Summary 306
References . 307
Contentsxvii
Editors
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