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 |  موضوع: كتاب Industrial Safety and Health for People-Oriented Services - Charles D. Reese الأربعاء 10 يناير 2018, 10:14 pm | |
| 
أخوانى فى الله
أحضرت لكم كتاب
Industrial Safety and Health for People-Oriented Services
Charles D. Reese
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Contents
Preface xxi
Author xxiii
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Service Industry 1
1.1 NAICS 2
1.2 Employment in the Service Industry . 2
1.3 Safety . 3
1.4 Why Trauma Prevention? 5
1.5 Accidents or Incidents . 5
1.6 Comprehensive Accident Prevention . 6
1.7 Fatality and Injury Profile for the Service Industry . 7
1.8 Occupational Illnesses in the Service Industry 10
References . 11
Chapter 2 Educational Services 13
2.1 Educational Services 14
2.2 Profile of Educational Service Workers’ Deaths, Injuries, and Illnesses 16
2.2.1 Deaths . 16
2.2.2 Injuries 16
2.2.3 Illnesses . 16
2.3 Hazards Faced by Educational Services Workers . 16
2.4 Occupations 19
2.5 Applicable OSHA Regulations 21
References . 22
Chapter 3 Health Care and Social Assistance 23
3.1 Health Care 24
3.2 Social Assistance 26
3.3 Profile of Health Care and Social Assistance Workers’ Deaths,
Injuries, and Illnesses . 27
3.3.1 Deaths . 27
3.3.2 Injuries 27
3.3.3 Illnesses . 27
3.4 Hazards Faced by Health and Social Care Service Workers 30
3.5 Occupations 30
3.5.1 Health Care Services . 30
3.5.2 Social Assistance 32
v3.6 Applicable OSHA Regulations 33
3.6.1 Health and Social Care Services . 34
References . 35
Chapter 4 Leisure and Hospitality Sectors . 37
4.1 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 38
4.1.1 Live Performances or Events 38
4.1.2 Historical, Cultural, or Educational Exhibits 39
4.1.3 Recreation or Leisure Activities . 39
4.1.4 Work Conditions . 40
4.2 Profile of Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Workers’
Deaths, Injuries, and Illnesses 41
4.2.1 Deaths . 41
4.2.2 Injuries 42
4.2.3 Illnesses . 42
4.3 Hazards Faced by Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation Workers . 44
4.4 Occupations 45
4.5 Applicable OSHA Regulations 49
Reference . 50
Chapter 5 Accommodation and Food Services 51
5.1 Hotels and Other Accommodations . 52
5.2 Food Services and Drinking Places . 55
5.3 Profile of Accommodation and Food Services Workers’ Deaths,
Injuries, and Illnesses . 57
5.3.1 Deaths . 57
5.3.2 Injuries 57
5.3.3 Illnesses . 58
5.4 Occupations 58
5.4.1 Hotels and Other Accommodations 58
5.4.2 Food Services and Drinking Places 62
5.5 Applicable OSHA Regulations 64
Reference . 66
Chapter 6 Other Services 67
6.1 Maintenance and Repair Workers—General . 68
6.2 Building Cleaning Workers . 70
6.3 Profile of Other Services Workers’ Deaths, Injuries, and Illnesses . 72
6.3.1 Deaths . 72
6.3.2 Injuries 72
6.3.3 Illnesses . 74
vi6.4 Hazards Faced by Other Services Workers . 75
6.5 Occupations 76
6.6 Applicable OSHA Regulations 76
Reference . 79
Chapter 7 Managing Safety and Health People Service Sectors . 81
7.1 Principles of Management . 82
7.2 Safety and Health Program 83
7.2.1 Reasons for Building a Safety and Health Program . 85
7.2.2 Building a Safety and Health Program . 86
7.2.3 Other Required Written Programs 86
7.2.4 OSHA Guidelines for a Safety and Health Program 87
7.2.5 Safety and Health Program Elements . 88
7.3 Summary 92
Chapter 8 Summary of 29 CFR 1910 93
8.1 Part 1910—Occupational Safety and Health Standards 94
8.1.1 Subpart A—General 94
8.1.2 Subpart B—Adoption and Extension of Established
Federal Standards 94
8.1.3 Subpart C—[Removed and Reserved] 95
8.1.4 Subpart D—Walking–Working Surfaces . 95
8.1.5 Subpart E—Exit Routes, Emergency Action Plans,
and Fire Prevention Plans . 97
8.1.6 Subpart F—Powered Platforms, Manlifts,
and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms . 98
8.1.7 Subpart G—Occupational Health and Environmental Control 99
8.1.8 Subpart H—Hazardous Materials . 99
8.1.9 Subpart I—Personal Protective Equipment 101
8.1.10 Subpart J—General Environmental Controls . 102
8.1.11 Subpart K—Medical and First Aid . 103
8.1.12 Subpart L—Fire Protection . 103
8.1.13 Subpart M—Compressed-Gas
and Compressed-Air Equipment . 104
8.1.14 Subpart N—Materials Handling and Storage . 105
8.1.15 Subpart O—Machinery and Machine Guarding . 106
8.1.16 Subpart P—Hand and Portable Powered Tools
and Other Handheld Equipment . 107
8.1.17 Subpart Q—Welding, Cutting, and Brazing . 108
8.1.18 Subpart R—Special Industries 109
8.1.19 Subpart S—Electrical 110
8.1.20 Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations 112
8.1.21 Subparts U–Y [Reserved] . 113
8.1.22 Subpart Z—Toxic and Hazardous Substances . 113
viiChapter 9 Safety Hazards . 115
9.1 Hazard Identification 115
9.2 Worksite Hazard Analysis . 117
9.3 Training on Hazard Identification 117
9.4 Worksite Hazard Identification 118
9.5 Hazard Assessment Guide . 119
9.5.1 Organize the Data . 120
9.5.2 Analyze the Data . 120
9.5.3 Selection of Controls 120
9.5.4 Fitting the PPE 121
9.5.5 Reassessment of the Hazards 121
9.6 Controlling Hazards . 122
9.6.1 Managing the Safety Controls 122
9.6.2 Technical Aspects of Hazard Control . 123
9.7 Source Control . 124
9.7.1 Elimination 124
9.7.2 Substitution . 124
9.7.3 Redesign 124
9.7.4 Isolation . 124
9.7.5 Automation . 124
9.8 Control along the Path from the Hazard
to the Worker . 124
9.8.1 Barriers 125
9.8.2 Absorption . 125
9.8.3 Dilution . 125
9.9 Control at the Level of the Worker . 125
9.9.1 Administrative Controls 125
9.9.2 Work Procedures, Training, and Supervision . 125
9.9.3 Emergency Planning . 126
9.9.4 Housekeeping, Repair, and Maintenance Programs . 126
9.9.5 Hygiene Practices and Facilities . 126
9.9.6 Selecting Controls . 126
9.10 Personal Protective Equipment 126
9.10.1 Eye and Face Protection . 127
9.10.2 Head Protection . 127
9.10.3 Foot Protection 127
9.10.4 Hand Protection 127
9.10.5 Upper=Lower Body Protection . 128
9.10.6 Cleaning and Maintenance 128
9.11 Evaluating the Effectiveness of Controls . 128
9.12 Summary 128
9.12.1 Job Safety Assessment 129
9.12.2 Controls . 129
9.12.3 Accident Reporting . 130
viii9.12.4 Incident Reporting Procedures 131
9.12.5 Training . 131
9.12.6 Program Audits . 131
Chapter 10 Health Hazards . 133
10.1 Identifying Health Hazards 134
10.1.1 Prepare a List of Known Health Hazards in the Workplace 134
10.1.2 Review Floor Plans and Work Process Diagrams 135
10.1.3 Interview Workers, Supervisors, and Managers . 135
10.1.4 Use Your Five Senses . 135
10.1.5 Quick Health Hazard Identification Checklist 135
10.1.6 Health Hazards Assessment 136
10.2 Chemical Hazards 136
10.3 Biological Hazards . 136
10.4 Physical Health Hazards 137
10.4.1 Noise . 138
10.4.2 Vibration . 138
10.4.3 Heat and Cold . 138
10.4.4 Radiation . 138
10.5 Ergonomic Hazards 139
10.5.1 Stress Hazards . 140
10.6 Summary 141
Chapter 11 Biological Safety . 143
11.1 Biosafety Levels . 143
11.1.1 Biosafety Level 1 143
11.1.2 Biosafety Level 2 144
11.1.3 Biosafety Level 3 144
11.1.4 Biosafety Level 4 144
11.2 Requirements of Biosafety Level 1 . 145
11.2.1 Standard Microbiological Practices for BSL-1 . 145
11.2.2 Safety Equipment for BSL-1 145
11.2.3 Facilities for BSL-1 145
11.3 Biosafety Level 2 Requirements 146
11.3.1 Standard Microbiological Practices for BSL-2 . 146
11.3.2 Special Practices for BSL-2 147
11.3.3 Safety Equipment for BSL-2 148
11.3.4 Facilities (Secondary Barriers) for BSL-2 149
11.4 Biological Spills . 149
11.4.1 Decontamination of Spills 151
11.4.2 Biological Spill on a Person . 152
11.5 Infectious Waste Management . 152
11.5.1 Separation and Packaging of Infectious Waste 152
11.5.2 Storage and Transport of Infectious Waste 153
ix11.5.3 Infectious Waste Treatment 153
11.5.4 Steam Sterilization 153
11.5.5 Incineration . 153
11.5.6 Chemical Disinfection . 153
11.6 Bloodborne Pathogens . 154
Chapter 12 Chemical Safety . 159
12.1 Hazardous Chemicals . 159
12.1.1 Ignitability . 160
12.1.2 Corrosivity 160
12.1.3 Reactivity 160
12.2 Definition of a Hazardous Chemical . 161
12.2.1 Health Hazard . 161
12.2.2 Physical Hazard 161
12.2.3 Additional Hazardous Chemicals . 161
12.3 Chemical Hazards 161
12.4 Toxic Effects 162
12.4.1 Other Types of Toxins 163
12.4.2 Carcinogens . 163
12.5 Working with Toxins . 169
12.5.1 Guidelines for Using Toxins . 170
12.5.2 Guidelines for Using Acute Toxins 171
12.5.3 Guidelines for Using Chronic Chemicals, Carcinogens,
and Reproductive Toxins 172
12.6 Storing Hazardous Chemicals 173
12.6.1 Storage Facilities . 173
12.6.2 Inspection of Stored Chemicals 174
12.6.3 Refrigerator Storage 175
12.7 Transportation of Hazardous Chemicals 175
12.7.1 Use Secondary Containers 175
12.8 Chemical Waste Management . 175
12.8.1 Storage 176
12.8.2 Waste Minimization 176
12.9 Hazardous Chemical Emergency Procedures 176
12.9.1 Procedures for Spills of Volatile, Toxic,
or Flammable Materials 176
12.9.2 Incidental Spills 177
12.9.3 Major Spills . 178
12.10 Worker Contamination . 178
12.10.1 Chemical Spill on a Worker . 178
12.10.2 Procedure for Cryogenic Liquid Spill on a Person 179
12.11 Chemicals and Worker Health . 179
12.11.1 Medical Surveillance . 179
12.11.2 Medical Consultation and Evaluation . 180
xChapter 13 Preventing Musculoskeletal Disorders 183
13.1 Musculoskeletal Disorders . 183
13.2 Organized Approach 184
13.2.1 Provide Management Support 184
13.2.2 Involve Employees 185
13.2.3 Identify Problems 185
13.2.4 Implement Solutions . 187
13.3 Back and Back Injuries 190
13.3.1 Factors Associated with Back Disorders 191
13.3.2 Types of Injuries from Lifting Tasks 192
13.3.3 Inherent Hazards . 193
13.4 Prevention and Control 193
13.4.1 Engineering Controls 193
13.4.2 Work Practices 194
13.4.3 Adjustment to Work . 194
13.4.4 Other Solutions . 195
13.5 Summary 197
13.5.1 Lifting . 197
Chapter 14 Electrical Safety . 199
14.1 Electrical Dangers 199
14.2 Electrical Pathways 200
14.3 Result of Electrical Contact . 200
14.4 Voltage . 201
14.5 Current . 202
14.6 Electrical Burns 203
14.6.1 Voltage Burns . 203
14.6.2 Arcing Burns . 204
14.6.3 Thermal Burns 204
14.7 Handling Electrical Hazards 204
14.7.1 Identify Hazards 204
14.7.2 Evaluate Hazards 204
14.7.3 Control Hazards 204
14.8 Identifying Hazards 205
14.9 Specific Hazards . 206
14.9.1 Inadequate Wiring Hazards . 206
14.9.2 Exposed Electrical Parts Hazards . 206
14.9.3 Overhead Power Line Hazards . 206
14.9.4 Defective Insulation Hazards 207
14.9.5 Improper Grounding Hazards . 207
14.9.6 Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter . 208
14.9.7 Overload Hazards 208
14.9.8 Wet Conditions Hazards . 209
xi14.10 Safe Use of Electrical Power Tools . 209
14.11 Safe Use of Power Cords . 210
14.12 Applicable OSHA Regulations 210
14.12.1 Electrical (29 CFR 1910.303, .304, .305, .331, and .333) . 210
14.13 Summary 212
Chapter 15 Emergency and Fire Safety . 215
15.1 Emergency Action Plans 216
15.1.1 Chain of Command . 217
15.1.2 Emergency Response Teams 217
15.1.3 Response Activities . 218
15.1.4 Training . 218
15.1.5 Personal Protection . 219
15.1.6 Medical Assistance . 219
15.2 Exits and Exit Routes 219
15.2.1 Requirements for Exits . 220
15.2.2 Safety Features for Exit Routes 220
15.2.3 Design and Construction Requirements . 221
15.3 Fire Prevention Plans . 221
15.4 Portable Fire Suppression Equipment 222
15.4.1 Scope, Application, and Definitions—1910.155 222
15.4.2 Fire Brigades—1910.156 223
15.4.3 Portable Fire Extinguishers—1910.157 224
15.4.4 Standpipe and Hose Systems—1910.158 . 225
15.4.5 Fixed Fire Suppression Equipment—1910.159 227
15.4.6 Fixed Extinguishing Systems, General—1910.160 227
15.4.7 Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Dry Chemical—1910.161 228
15.4.8 Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Gaseous Agent—1910.162 228
15.4.9 Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Water Spray
and Foam—1910.163 . 229
15.4.10 Fire Detection Systems—1910.164 229
15.4.11 Employee Alarm Systems—1910.165 229
15.5 Fire Protection Summary . 230
15.6 Fire Protection Techniques 231
15.6.1 Flammable and Combustible Liquids . 231
15.6.2 Electricity 232
15.6.3 Housekeeping 232
15.6.4 Hot Work 232
15.6.5 Checklist . 233
Chapter 16 Hot Processes . 235
16.1 Physiology of Hot Processes . 236
16.1.1 Safety Problems 237
16.1.2 Health Problems 237
xii16.2 Physical Effects of Hot Processes 239
16.2.1 General Hazards 239
16.2.2 Identifying Burn Hazards 240
16.3 Prevention of Hot Process Accidents 241
16.3.1 Lessening Hot Process Conditions . 242
16.3.2 Controlling Thermal Conditions . 243
16.3.3 Protective Clothing . 243
16.3.4 Special Considerations 244
16.3.5 Protection against Hazards 244
16.3.6 Safety Practices and Procedures . 246
16.4 Hot Processes in the Service Industry . 248
16.5 Summary of OSHA Regulations . 248
16.6 Checklist for Hot Processes . 249
16.7 Summary 250
Chapter 17 Ionizing Radiation . 251
17.1 Ionizing Radiation 251
17.2 Types of Radiation . 253
17.2.1 Alpha Particles 253
17.2.2 Beta Particles 254
17.2.3 Gamma Rays=X-Rays . 255
17.2.4 Neutron Particles . 256
17.3 Sources of Radiation 257
17.3.1 Natural Radiation 257
17.3.2 Man-Made Radiation 257
17.3.3 Sources of Exposure . 257
17.4 Preventing Exposures from Ionizing Radiation . 258
17.4.1 Exposure and Dose . 259
17.4.2 External Radiation Protection . 260
17.4.3 Internal Exposure Protection . 261
17.4.4 Preventive Steps 262
17.5 Human Exposure Outcomes 262
17.5.1 Health Effects of Radiation Exposure 262
17.5.2 Results of Exposure 263
17.5.3 Chronic Exposure . 263
17.5.4 Acute Exposure . 263
17.5.5 Risks of Health Effects . 265
17.5.6 Personal Monitoring 266
17.6 Training 267
17.7 Radiation Areas 268
17.8 Specific Emergency Procedures . 270
17.9 Summary of Applicable Regulations . 271
17.9.1 Summary . 271
xiiiChapter 18 Machine=Equipment Safeguarding 273
18.1 Machine=Equipment Safeguarding 273
18.2 Principles for Machine Guarding . 273
18.3 Conducting an Assessment 274
18.4 Guidance on Assessing Machine=Equipment Safeguards . 275
18.4.1 Assessing Safeguarding Risks 275
18.4.2 Evaluating Effectiveness of Safeguards 275
18.4.3 Assessing Management of Safeguards . 277
18.4.4 Further Machine-Related Issues 277
18.4.5 Control and Machines . 278
18.4.6 Operator Training 278
18.5 Typical Machines=Equipment Requiring
Safeguards 279
18.6 Safeguards 280
18.7 Areas to be Safeguarded 280
18.7.1 Danger Point or Zone . 281
18.7.2 Point of Operation . 281
18.7.3 Power Transmission Device . 281
18.7.4 Lockout . 282
18.8 Types of Safeguards . 282
18.8.1 Barrier Guards . 282
18.8.2 Redundant Safeguards 282
18.9 Controls and Control Systems . 283
18.10 Control System Function . 283
18.11 Types of Control Devices 283
18.11.1 Presence-Sensing Devices . 284
18.11.2 Two-Hand Control Devices 284
18.11.3 Brake Monitor . 285
18.11.4 Restraint=Pull Back Device 285
18.11.5 Location=Distance . 286
18.12 Training 286
18.13 Maintenance . 286
18.14 Enforcement . 286
18.15 Periodic Review . 286
18.16 Applicable OSHA Regulations 287
18.16.1 Machine Guarding (29 CFR 1910.212 and 219) 287
18.16.2 Mechanical Power Presses (29 CFR 1910.217) . 288
18.16.3 Power Transmission Equipment Guarding
(29 CFR 1910.219) . 288
18.17 Summary 289
xivChapter 19 Nonionizing Radiation . 291
19.1 Nonionizing Radiation . 291
19.1.1 Understanding and Evaluating Nonionizing
Radiation Hazards . 292
19.1.2 Biological Effects 293
19.1.3 Other Areas of Concern with NIR 293
19.1.4 Personal Protection for NIR 295
19.2 Visible Light Radiation 295
19.3 Lasers . 296
19.3.1 Laser Health Issues . 299
19.3.2 Laser Protective Equipment 300
19.3.3 Laser Radiation . 302
19.4 Noncoherent Light Source Safety 303
19.5 Ultraviolet Radiation 303
19.5.1 Ultraviolet Skin Hazards . 304
19.5.2 Ultraviolet Eye Hazards 305
19.6 Infrared Radiation 305
19.6.1 Infrared Radiation Hazards . 305
19.7 Microwave and Radiofrequency Radiation Safety 306
19.7.1 Microwave=RF Radiation Sources 306
19.7.2 Factors Affecting Exposure to Microwave=RF Radiation 306
19.7.3 Potential Biological Effects of Exposure
to Microwave=RF Radiation . 307
19.7.4 Standards for Microwave=RF Radiation
Exposure Protection 307
19.7.5 Antennas and Antenna Arrays 307
19.7.6 Wireless Local Area Networks . 307
19.7.7 Other Potential Microwave=RF Radiation Sources
(Leakage Sources) . 307
19.7.8 Microwave Ovens . 308
19.7.9 Power Supplies . 309
19.8 Extremely Low-Frequency Radiation Safety . 309
19.8.1 ELF Radiation . 309
19.8.2 ELF Potential Human Health Hazards . 309
19.8.3 Protection Standards for ELF Exposure . 310
19.8.4 Normal ELF Field . 310
19.9 Static Magnetic Field Safety 310
19.9.1 Factors Affecting Static Magnetic Field Hazards . 310
19.9.2 Biological Effects of Exposure to Static Magnetic Fields . 311
19.9.3 Kinetic Energy Hazards 311
19.9.4 Standards for Exposure to Static Magnetic Fields . 311
19.9.5 Magnetic Field Measurements 311
19.9.6 Posting of Magnetic Field Hazards 312
19.9.7 Access Restrictions . 312
19.9.8 Use of NIR Hazard Signs and Warning Labels . 312
19.10 Summary 312
xvChapter 20 Visitor=Client Safety and Health . 315
20.1 Walk Through 316
20.2 Hazard Identification 316
20.2.1 Weather . 317
20.2.2 Traffic 317
20.2.3 Parking 317
20.2.4 Hazardous Processes . 317
20.2.5 Emergencies 317
20.2.6 Chemicals 318
20.2.7 Radiation . 318
20.2.8 Excessive Noise 319
20.2.9 Fire 319
20.2.10 Violence=Weapons 319
20.2.11 Other Hazards . 320
20.3 Other Controls 320
20.3.1 Housekeeping 320
20.3.2 Signage 320
20.3.3 Handrails . 321
20.3.4 Maintenance 321
20.4 Training 321
20.5 OSHA Applicable Regulations 321
Chapter 21 Personal Protective Equipment 323
21.1 Personal Protective Equipment and Hazard Prevention 324
21.1.1 Requirement for PPE 325
21.1.2 Hazard Assessment . 325
21.2 Selecting PPE . 326
21.3 Training Employees in the Proper Use of PPE . 327
21.4 Eye and Face Protection 328
21.4.1 Prescription Lenses . 328
21.4.2 Eye Protection for Exposed Workers . 328
21.4.3 Types of Eye Protection . 329
21.5 Unique Eye Protection . 331
21.5.1 Welding Operations 331
21.5.2 Laser Operations . 331
21.6 Head Protection 332
21.6.1 Types of Hard Hats . 333
21.6.2 Size and Care Considerations . 333
21.7 Foot and Leg Protection 334
21.8 Special Purpose Shoes . 336
21.8.1 Care of Protective Footwear . 336
21.9 Hand and Arm Protection 337
21.9.1 Types of Protective Gloves . 337
21.9.2 Leather, Canvas, or Metal Mesh Gloves 338
xvi21.9.3 Fabric and Coated Fabric Gloves . 338
21.9.4 Chemical- and Liquid-Resistant Gloves . 338
21.10 Body Protection . 339
21.11 Hearing Protection . 340
21.12 Respiratory Protection 342
Chapter 22 Workplace Security and Violence . 343
22.1 Risk Factors . 344
22.2 Prevention Strategies 344
22.2.1 Environmental Designs . 344
22.2.2 Administrative Controls 345
22.2.3 Behavioral Strategies 346
22.2.4 Perpetrator and Victim Profile 346
22.3 Cost of Violence 347
22.4 Prevention Efforts 347
22.5 Program Development and Essential Elements . 348
22.5.1 Management Commitment and Employee Involvement 348
22.5.1.1 Commitment by Top Management . 348
22.5.1.2 Employee Involvement . 349
22.5.2 Hazard Identification and Analysis . 350
22.5.2.1 Record Review 350
22.5.2.2 Identification of Security Hazards . 350
22.5.3 Hazard Prevention and Control 351
22.5.3.1 General Building, Work Station,
and Area Designs 351
22.5.3.2 Maintenance 352
22.5.3.3 Engineering Control 353
22.5.3.4 Administrative Controls and Work Practices 355
22.5.4 Training and Education . 357
22.5.4.1 Training Program 358
22.5.4.2 Job-Specific Training 359
22.5.4.3 Initial Training Program 359
22.5.4.4 Training for Supervisors and Managers,
Maintenance and Security Personnel 359
22.5.5 Medical Management 360
22.5.6 Recordkeeping 362
22.5.7 Evaluation of the Program 363
22.6 Types of Workplace Violence Events . 364
22.6.1 Type I Events 365
22.6.1.1 Prevention Strategies for Type I Events . 365
22.6.2 Type II Events . 366
22.6.2.1 Prevention Strategies for Type II Events 367
22.6.3 Type III Events . 368
22.6.3.1 Prevention Strategies for Type III Events . 368
xvii22.6.4 Types I, II, and III Violence Events Checklist . 369
22.6.4.1 Pre-Event Measures . 369
Chapter 23 Other Hazards 373
23.1 Aisles and Passageways (29 CFR 1910.17, .22, and .176) . 373
23.2 Compressors and Compressed Air (29 CFR 1910.242) 373
23.3 Compressed-Gas Cylinders (29 CFR 1910.101 and .253) 374
23.4 Compressed Gases (29 CFR 1910.101, .102, .103, .104,
.106, and .253) . 375
23.5 Control of Hazardous Energy Sources [Lockout=Tagout]
(29 CFR 1910.147) 376
23.6 Elevated Surfaces . 378
23.7 Flammable and Combustible Liquids (29 CFR 1910.106) . 378
23.8 Flammable and Combustible Materials . 379
23.9 Floors [General Conditions] (29 CFR 1910.22 and .23) . 379
23.10 Forklift Trucks (Powered Industrial Trucks) (29 CFR 1910.178) 380
23.11 Hand Tools (29 CFR 1910.242) 381
23.12 Housekeeping (29 CFR 1910.22) 382
23.13 Ladders, Fixed (29 CFR 1910.27) . 382
23.14 Ladders, Portable (29 CFR 1910.25 and .26) 384
23.15 Material Handling (29 CFR 1910.176) . 386
23.16 Motor Vehicle Safety . 386
23.17 Portable (Power-Operated) Tools and Equipment
(29 CFR 1910.243) 387
23.18 Pressure Vessels (29 CFR 1910.106, .216, and .217) . 390
23.19 Railings (29 CFR 1910.23) 392
23.20 Scaffolds (29 CFR 1910.28) 393
23.21 Skylights (29 CFR 1910.23) 393
23.22 Spray-Finishing Operations (29 CFR 1910.107) . 393
23.23 Stairs, Fixed Industrial (29 CFR 1910.23 and .24) . 394
23.24 Storage (29 CFR 1910.176) . 395
23.25 Tire Inflation 396
23.26 Toeboards (29 CFR 1910.23) 396
23.27 Transporting Employees and Materials . 396
23.28 Walking=Working Surfaces (29 CFR 1910.21 and .22) . 397
23.29 Welding, Cutting, and Brazing (29 CFR 1910.251, .252, .253, .254,
and .255) 397
Chapter 24 Summary 399
24.1 Biological Hazards . 399
24.2 Bloodborne Pathogens . 400
24.3 Chemicals . 401
24.4 Compressed-Gas Cylinders (CGCs) 401
24.5 Electrical 402
xviii24.6 Emergency Response and Planning . 404
24.7 Ergonomics 405
24.7.1 Manual Material Handling 405
24.7.2 Physical Energy Demands 405
24.7.3 Other Musculoskeletal Demands 406
24.7.4 Computer Workstation 406
24.7.5 Environment 406
24.7.6 General Workplace . 406
24.7.7 Tools . 407
24.7.8 Gloves . 407
24.7.9 Administration 407
24.8 Fire Protection and Prevention 407
24.9 Hazard Communication . 409
24.10 Heat Hazards 410
24.11 Ionizing Radiation 410
24.12 Machine Guarding and Safety . 410
24.13 Material Handling 412
24.13.1 Material-Handling Equipment 412
24.13.2 Storage Areas 412
24.13.3 Housekeeping 413
24.14 Means of Exit . 413
24.15 Medical Services and First Aid . 413
24.16 Nonionizing Radiation . 414
24.17 PPE . 414
24.18 Security 415
24.19 Slips, Trips, and Falls 416
24.20 Violence . 416
24.21 Walking–Working Surfaces . 416
24.21.1 Walkways 417
24.21.2 Floor and Wall Openings 417
24.21.3 Stairs and Stairways 418
24.21.4 Elevated Surfaces 419
Appendix A Common Exposures or Accident Types 421
A.1 Accident Types 421
A.1.1 Struck-Against Types of Accidents 421
A.1.2 Struck-By Types of Accidents 421
A.1.3 Contact-By and Contact-With Types of Accidents 422
A.1.4 Caught-In and Caught-On Types of Accidents 422
A.1.5 Caught-Between Types of Accidents . 422
A.1.6 Fall-to-Same-Level and Fall-to-Below Types of Accidents . 422
A.1.7 Overexertion and Exposure Types of Accidents 423
Appendix B Glove Selection Chart 425
xixAppendix C Workplace Security Program . 429
C.1 Responsibility 429
C.2 Compliance 429
C.3 Communication . 430
C.4 Hazard Assessment 431
C.5 Incident Investigations 432
C.6 Hazard Correction . 433
C.7 Training and Instruction 434
Bibliography 437
Index.
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