كتاب Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering

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Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering
Grote, Antonsson (Eds.)

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Contents
List of Abbreviations XXIII
Part A Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering
Introduction to Mathematics for Mechanical Engineering
Ramin S. Esfandiari
. Complex Analysis
. Differential Equations
. Laplace Transformation
. Fourier Analysis
. Linear Algebra .
References .
Mechanics
Hen-Geul Yeh, Hsien-Yang Yeh, Shouwen Yu
. Statics of Rigid Bodies .
. Dynamics
References .
Part B Applications in Mechanical Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering
Jens Freudenberger, Joachim Göllner, Martin Heilmaier, Gerhard Mook,
Holger Saage, Vivek Srivastava, Ulrich Wendt
. Atomic Structure and Microstructure
. Microstructure Characterization
. Mechanical Properties .
. Physical Properties
. Nondestructive Inspection (NDI)
. Corrosion
. Materials in Mechanical Engineering .
References .
Thermodynamics
Frank Dammel, Jay M. Ochterbeck, Peter Stephan
. Scope of Thermodynamics. Definitions .
. Temperatures. Equilibria
. First Law of Thermodynamics
. Second Law of Thermodynamics
. Exergy and Anergy . XVIII Contents
. Thermodynamics of Substances
. Changes of State of Gases and Vapors
. Thermodynamic Processes .
. Ideal Gas Mixtures .
. Heat Transfer
References .
Tribology
Ludger Deters
. Tribology
References .
Design of Machine Elements
Oleg P. Lelikov
. Mechanical Drives .
. Gearings
. Cylindrical Gearings
. Bevel Gearings
. Worm Gearings
. Design of Gear Wheels, Worm Wheels, and Worms
. Planetary Gears
. Wave Gears
. Shafts and Axles .
. Shaft–Hub Connections
. Rolling Bearings .
. Design of Bearing Units
.A Appendix A
.B Appendix B
References .
Manufacturing Engineering
Thomas Böllinghaus, Gerry Byrne, Boris Ilich Cherpakov (deceased),
Edward Chlebus, Carl E. Cross, Berend Denkena, Ulrich Dilthey,
Takeshi Hatsuzawa, Klaus Herfurth, Horst Herold (deceased),
Andrew Kaldos, Thomas Kannengiesser, Michail Karpenko,
Bernhard Karpuschewski, Manuel Marya, Surendar K. Marya,
Klaus-Jürgen Matthes, Klaus Middeldorf, Joao Fernando G. Oliveira,
Jörg Pieschel, Didier M. Priem, Frank Riedel, Markus Schleser,
A. Erman Tekkaya, Marcel Todtermuschke, Anatole Vereschaka,
Detlef von Hofe, Nikolaus Wagner, Johannes Wodara, Klaus Woeste
. Casting
. Metal Forming .
. Machining Processes .
. Assembly, Disassembly, Joining Techniques
. Rapid Prototyping and Advanced Manufacturing .
. Precision Machinery Using MEMS Technology
References . Contents XIX
Measuring and Quality Control
Norge I. Coello Machado, Shuichi Sakamoto, Steffen Wengler, Lutz Wisweh
. Quality Management
. Manufacturing Measurement Technology .
. Measuring Uncertainty and Traceability
. Inspection Planning .
. Further Reading .
Engineering Design
Alois Breiing, Frank Engelmann, Timothy Gutowski
. Design Theory .
. Basics .
. Precisely Defining the Task .
. Conceptual Design .
. Design
. Design and Manufacturing for the Environment
. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis for Capital Goods
References .
Piston Machines
Vince Piacenti, Helmut Tschoeke, Jon H. Van Gerpen .
. Foundations of Piston Machines
. Positive Displacement Pumps
. Compressors .
. Internal Combustion Engines
References .
Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers
Ajay Mathur
. Pressure Vessel – General Design Concepts .
. Design of Tall Towers
. Testing Requirement
. Design Codes for Pressure Vessels
. Heat Exchangers .
. Material of Construction .
References .
Turbomachinery
Meinhard T. Schobeiri
. Theory of Turbomachinery Stages
. Gas Turbine Engines: Design and Dynamic Performance
References .
Transport Systems
Gritt Ahrens, Torsten Dellmann, Stefan Gies, Markus Hecht, Hamid Hefazi,
Rolf Henke, Stefan Pischinger, Roger Schaufele, Oliver Tegel .
. Overview XX Contents
. Automotive Engineering .
. Railway Systems – Railway Engineering
. Aerospace Engineering
References .
Construction Machinery
Eugeniusz Budny, Mirosław Chłosta, Henning Jürgen Meyer,
Mirosław J. Skibniewski
. Basics .
. Earthmoving, Road Construction, and Farming Equipment
. Machinery for Concrete Works
. Site Lifts .
. Access Machinery and Equipment
. Cranes
. Equipment for Finishing Work
. Automation and Robotics in Construction
References .
Enterprise Organization and Operation
Francesco Costanzo, Yuichi Kanda, Toshiaki Kimura, Hermann Kühnle,
Bruno Lisanti, Jagjit Singh Srai, Klaus-Dieter Thoben, Bernd Wilhelm,
Patrick M. Williams .
. Overview
. Organizational Structures
. Process Organization, Capabilities, and Supply Networks
. Modeling and Data Structures
. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
. Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)
. Advanced Organization Concepts .
. Interorganizational Structures
. Organization and Communication
. Enterprise Collaboration and Logistics
References .
Part C Complementary Material for Mechanical Engineers
Power Generation
Dwarkadas Kothari, P.M.V. Subbarao .
. Principles of Energy Supply
. Primary Energies
. Fuels
. Transformation of Primary Energy into Useful Energy .
. Various Energy Systems and Their Conversion
. Direct Combustion System
. Internal Combustion Engines
. Fuel Cells Contents XXI
. Nuclear Power Stations
. Combined Power Station .
. Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) System .
. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Power Generation .
. Total-Energy Systems for Heat and Power Generation
. Transformation of Regenerative Energies .
. Solar Power Stations .
. Heat Pump
. Energy Storage and Distribution
. Furnaces
. Fluidized-Bed Combustion System .
. Liquid-Fuel Furnace .
. Burners
. General Furnace Accessories
. Environmental Control Technology .
. Steam Generators
. Parts and Components of Steam Generator .
. Energy Balance Analysis of a Furnace/Combustion System
. Performance of Steam Generator
. Furnace Design
. Strength Calculations
. Heat Transfer Calculation
. Nuclear Reactors
. Future Prospects and Conclusion .
References .
Electrical Engineering
Seddik Bacha, Jaime De La Ree, Chris Oliver Heyde, Andreas Lindemann,
Antje G. Orths, Zbigniew A. Styczynski, Jacek G. Wankowicz
. Fundamentals .
. Transformers
. Rotating Electrical Machines .
. Power Electronics
. Electric Drives
. Electric Power Transmission and Distribution .
. Electric Heating
References .
General Tables
Stanley Baksi .
Acknowledgements
About the Authors .
Detailed Contents
Subject Index XXIII
List of Abbreviations
DP -D printing
A
ABCS automated building construction
systems
ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
ACCS automatic cutter control system
ACFM actual cubic feet per minute
ADAS advanced driver-assistance
system
ADI austempered cast iron
ADI austempered ductile cast iron
AFM atomic force microscope
AGR advanced gas-cooled reactor
API application programming interface
ARIS architecture of integrated information
systems
AS active sum
ASC automatic stability control
ASME American Society of Mechanical
Engineers
ATC automatic tool change
ATS air transport system
ATZ Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift
AWJ abrasive waterjet
B
bcc body-centered cubic
bct body-centered tetragonal
BDC bottom dead center
bdd block definition diagram
BHN Brinell hardness
BHS Brinell hardness
BHW Brinell hardness
BiW body-in-white
BM beam machining
BMEP break mean effective pressure
BMS bionic manufacturing system
BOM bill of materials
BOO bill of operations
BOSC built-to-order supply chain
BPM ballistic particle manufacturing
BPR business process reengineering
BSE backscattered electrons
BVP boundary-value problem
BWB blended wing body
BWR boiling-water reactor
C
CAD computer-aided design
CAES compressed air energy storage
CAM computer-aided manufacturing
CAM-LEM computer-aided manufacturing of
laminated engineering material
CAN controller area network
CAPP computer-aided process planning
CAS computer-aided styling
CAS calibrated airspeed
CBN cubic boron nitride
CC contour crafting
CCD charge-coupled device
CCGT combined cycle gas turbines
CCT continuous cooling transition
ccw counterclockwise
CD compact disc
CD continuous dressing
CDC crank dead center
CDP car development process
CDP car development project
CE concurrent engineering
CFC chlorofluorocarbons
CFD computational fluid dynamics
CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
CGI compacted graphite iron
CHP combined heat and power
CI compression ignition
CI corporate identity
CIFI cylinder-individual fuel injection
CIM computer-integrated manufacturing
CIMOSA computer-integrated manufacturing open
system architecture
CIP continuous improvement process
CLFM constitutional liquid film migration
CMCV charge motion control valve
CMM coordinate measuring machine
CMP chemical-mechanical planarization
CMU cooperative manufacturing unit
CNC computer numerical control
CNG compressed natural gas
CODAP code francais de construction des
appareils a pression
CPFR collaborative planning, forecasting, and
replenishment
CPM critical-path method
CPT critical pitting temperature
CR common rail
CRM customer relationship management
CRP continuous replenishment planningXXIV List of Abbreviations
CRSS critical resolved shear stress
CRT cathode ray tube
CSLP capacitated lot-sizing lead-time problem
CVD chemical vapor deposition
CVN charpy V-notch
D
DBTT ductile to brittle transition
DC direct current
DfC design for construction
DFE design for the environment
DFIG double-fed induction generator
DfRC design for robotic construction
DIC differential interference contrast
DI direct injection
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung
DIO digital input output
DIS Draft International Standard
DLF direct laser fabrication
DLM direct laser fabrication
DMD direct metal deposition
DMLS direct metal laser sintering
DMU digital mock-up
DNC direct numerical control
DPH diamond-pyramid hardness number
DSC differential scanning calorimetry
DVS Verband für Schweißen und verwandte
Verfahren e.V.
D/W depth-to-width
E
E extended enterprises
EAS equivalent airspeed
EBM electron beam machining
EBSD electron backscatter diffraction
ECDD evanescent coupling display device
ECDM electrochemical-discharge machining
ECG electrochemical grinding
ECM electrochemical machining
ECM electronic control module
ECR efficient customer response
ECU electronic control unit
EDG electro-discharge grinding
EDM electro-discharge machining
EDM engineering data management
EDP electronic data processing
EDS energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy
EDX energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer
EELS electron energy loss spectroscopy
EFFBD enhanced functional flow block diagram
EGR exhaust gas recirculation
EIS entry into service
EJMA Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s
Association
ELID electrolytic in-process dressing
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPC event-driven process chains
EP extreme pressure
EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer
EPMA electron probe microanalysis
ERP enterprise resource planning
ESCA electron spectroscopy for chemical
analysis
ESP electrostatic precipitator
ESP electronic stability program
F
FAR federal air regulations
FBC fluidized-bed combustion
FBR fast breeder reactor
fcc face-centered cubic
FD forced draught
FDM fused deposition modeling
FE flap-extended
FEGT furnace exit gas temperature
FEM finite element modeling
FEPA Federation of European Producers of
Abrasíves
FFT fast Fourier transform
FGD flue gas desulphurization
FKA Forschunggesellschaft Kraftfahrwesen
mbH Aachen
FIB focused ion beam
FLD forming limit diagram
FMEA failure mode and effect analysis
FPM freeform powder molding
FPO future project office
G
GA general arrangement
GERAM generalized enterprise reference model
architecture and methodology
GHG greenhouse gas
GIM GRAI integrated methodology
GJL lamellar graphite cast iron
GMA gas metal arc
GoM guidelines of modeling
GPS global positioning system
G/R gradient/growth rate
GTAW gas tungsten arc welding
H
HAZ heat-affected zone
HC hydrocarbons
HCP hexagonal closed packed
hcp hexagonal closed packedList of Abbreviations XXV
HDC head dead center
HDPE high-density polyethylene
HEM high-efficiency machining
HFID heated flame ionization detector
HHV higher heating value
HIL hardware-in-the-loop
HIP hot isostatic pressing
HMS holonic manufacturing systems
HP high pressure
HPCC high-pressure combustion chamber
HPT high-pressure turbine
HRC Rockwell hardness
HRSG heat recovery steam generator
HSC high-speed cutting
HSLA high-strength low-alloy
HSM high-speed machining
HSS high-speed steel
HTA heavier than air
HVDC high-voltage direct-current
I
IAARC International Association for Automation
and Robotics in Construction
IAS indicated airspeed
IBD internal block diagram
IBM ion beam machining
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ICDD International Center for Diffraction Data
ICE internal combustion engines
ICE intercity express
IC integrated circuits
ICT information and communication
technology
IDD interferometric display device
IDI indirect diesel injection
ID induced draught
ID inside diameter
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers
IE Erichson index
IFAC International Federation for Automatic
Control
IFIP International Federation for Information
Processing
IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
IGC intergranular corrosion test
IGES initial graphics exchange specification
IIE information-interoperable environment
IISE ion-induced secondary electrons
ILT Fraunhofer Institut für Lasertechnik
IMP International Marketing and Purchasing
IP intermediate pressure
ISB interact system B
ISARC International Symposia on Automation
and Robotics in Construction
ISO International Standards Organization
IT information technology
IVP initial-value problem
J
JIT Java intelligent network
JiT just-in-time
L
LAM laser-assisted machining
LB laser beam
LBM laser beam machining
LCA life cycle analysis
LCI life cycle inventory
LC laser cutting
LDV light duty vehicles
LENS laser engineered net shaping
LHV lower heating value
LMJ micro-jet procedure
LM layer manufacturing
LNG liquefied natural gas
LOM laminated object manufacturing
LP low pressure
LPCC low-pressure combustion chamber
LPG petroleum gas
LPT low-pressure turbine
LRO long-range order
LTA lighter than air
LYS lower yield stress
M
MAM motorized air cycle machine
MAP main air pipe
MAS multi-agent systems
MCD monocrystalline diamond
MDT mean down time
MEMS microelectromechanical system
MEP mean effective pressure
MESA Manufacturing Enterprise Solutions
Association
MES manufacturing execution systems
MHD magnetohydrodynamics
MIC microbiologically influenced corrosion
MIPS microprocessor without interlocked
pipeline stages
MLW maximum landing weight
MMC metal-matrix composites
MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect
transistor
MPI magnetic particle inspection
MPM metra potential method
MPW magnetic pulse welding
MRI magnetic resonance imagingXXVI List of Abbreviations
MRP manufacturing resources planning
MRP materials requirement planning
M/T machine tool
MTBE methyl t-butyl ether
MTBF mean time between failure
MWE manufacturers weight empty
MZFW maximum zero fuel weight
N
NACE National Association of Corrosion
Engineers
NC numerically controlled
NCE numerically controlled equipment
NDE nondestructive evaluation
NDI nondestructive inspection
NDIR nondispersive infrared
ND normal direction
NDT nondestructive testing
NEDC New European Driving Cycle
NEMS nanoelectromechanical systems
NLGI National Association of Lubricating
Grease Institute
NTP normal temperature and pressure
NV-EBW nonvacuum electron-beam welding
NVH noise–vibration–harshness
O
OBJ polygon mesh
ODE ordinary differential equation
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development
OFA over fire air
OFW oblique flying wing
OIM orientation imaging microscopy
OLE object linking and embedding
OMT object-modeling technique
OOSE object-orientes software engineering
OPC open connectivity via open standards
ORiN open robot interface for the network
OWE operating weight empty
P
PABADIS plant automation based on distributed
systems
PAM plasma arc machining
PBM plasma beam machining
PBMR pebble-bed reactor
PC pulverized coal
PC polycrystalline
PC personal computer
PCBN polycrystalline cubic boron nitride
PCD polycrystalline diamond
PCM powertrain control module
PDE partial differential equations
PDF powder diffraction file
PDM product data management
PEMFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
PERA purdue enterprise reference architecture
PERT project evaluation and review technique
PET polyethylene terephthalate
PHE plate heat exchanger
PLC programmable logic controller
PLS pre-lining support
PM powder metallurgy
PMZ partially melted zone
PPC production planning and control
ppm parts per million
PQR procedure qualification record
PROSA product–resource–order–staff architecture
PSB persistent slip bands
PSD power spectral densities
PSLX planning and scheduling language on
XML specifications
PS passive sum
p.t.o. power take-off
PVC polyvinyl chloride
PVD physical vapor deposition
PV pressure valve
PWB printed wiring board
PWHT post-weld heat treatment
PWR pressurized-water reactor
Q
QA quality assurance
QCC quality control charts
QFD quality function deployment
QMS quality management systems
R
RAC robot action command
RAMS reliability, availability, maintainability,
safety
RAO robot access object
RaoSQL robot access object SQL
RAP reclaimed asphalt pavements
RBV resource-based view
RD rolling direction
RE reverse engineering
RF radiofrequency
RFID radiofrequency identification
RIE reactive ion etching
RISC reduced-instruction-set computer
RK Runge–Kutta method
RM rapid manufacturing
RP rapid prototyping
RPI Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
rpm revolutions per minuteList of Abbreviations XXVII
RPZ risk priority number
RRD robot resource definition
RT radiographic testing
RT reheat turbine
RTM resin transfer molding
RT room temperature
rms root mean square
RUP rational unified process
S
SAES scanning Auger electron spectroscopy
SBR polystyrene-butadien-rubber
SC supply chain
SC supercritical
SCADA supervisory control and data aquisition
SCF steel-frame buildings
SCF super construction factory
SCM supply chain management
SCOR supply-chain operations reference
SC supply chain
SCTR solidification cracking temperature range
SDM shape deposition manufacturing
SEDM spark electro-discharge machining
SEFI sequential fuel injection
SEM scanning electron microscopy
SE secondary electrons
SFC specific fuel consumption
SGC solid ground curing
SHE standard hydrogen electrode
SHM structural health monitoring
SI spark ignition
SI secondary ions
SI spark-ignited
SI system international
SIC statistical inventory control
SIMS secondary-ion mass spectroscopy
SLA stereolithography
SLCA streamlined life cycle analysis
SLPL space limit payload
SLS selective laser sintering
SMART Shimizu manufacturing system by
advanced robotics technology
SMAW shielded metal arc welding
SMD surface mounted device
SME small and medium-sized enterprises
SMM Sanders model maker
SNCR selective noncatalytic reduction systems
SNG synthetic natural gas
SN supply network
SoA space of activity
SOF soluble organic fraction
SOHC single overhead camshaft
SOP start of production
SPC statistical process control
SPV simple pressure vessel
SQL structured query language
SRO short-range order
STL stereolithography language
SUV sports utility vehicle
SysML systems modelling language
T
TCL total accumulated crack length
TCT time compression technology
TDC top dead center
TD transversal direction
TEMA Tubular Exchanger Manufacturer’s
Association
TEM transmission electron microscopy
TGV train à grande vitesse
TIG gas tungsten arc welding
TLAR top-level aircraft requirements
TMAH tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide
TMC traffic message channel
TOR top of rail
TPM total productive maintenance
TPS Toyota production system
TQM total quality management
TRIAC triode alternating current switch
TSF topographic shell fabrication
TTS tribotechnical system
TTT time–temperature transition
U
UCAV unmanned combat air vehicle
UHC unburned hydrocarbon
UHCA ultra-high-capacity aircraft
UHEGT ultra high efficiency gas turbine
technology
UIC Union International des Chemins de Fer
ULEV ultralow-emission vehicle
UNS unified numbering system
UPS uninterruptible power supply
UPV unifired pressure vessel
US ultrasonic
USC ultra-supercritical steam
USM ultrasonic machining
UTS ultimate tensile strength
UT ultrasonic testing
UYS upper yield stress
V
VC vacuum casting
VDI Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (Association
of German Engineers)
VHN Vickers hardness number
VICS Voluntary Interindustry Commerce
Standard AssociationXXVIII List of Abbreviations
VI viscosity index
VLCT very large commercial transport
VOC volatile organic compound
VOF volatile organic fraction
VO virtual organizations
VPN virtual private network
VR virtual-reality
VTOL vertical take-off and landing
W
WBS work breakdown structure
WDS wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy
WDX wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy
WEDM wire electro-discharge machining
WLT white light triangulation
WPS weld procedure specification
WSP wheel-slide protection
WWW world wide web
W/C water/cement
X
XPS x-ray-exited photoelectron spectroscopy
XRD x-ray diffraction
Y
YPE yield point elongation
Z
ZEV zero-emission vehicle
Detailed Contents
List of Abbreviations XXIII
Part A Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering
Introduction to Mathematics for Mechanical Engineering
Ramin S. Esfandiari
. Complex Analysis .
. . Complex Numbers .
. . Complex Variables and Functions
. Differential Equations
. . First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations .
. . Numerical Solution
of First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
. . Second- and Higher-Order,
Ordinary Differential Equations
. Laplace Transformation
. . Inverse Laplace Transform
. . Special Functions
. . Laplace Transform of Derivatives and Integrals .
. . Inverse Laplace Transformation
. . Periodic Functions .
. Fourier Analysis .
. . Fourier Series
. . Fourier Transformation
. Linear Algebra
. . Vectors and Matrices
. . Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
. . Numerical Solution of Higher-Order Systems of ODEs
References
Mechanics
Hen-Geul Yeh, Hsien-Yang Yeh, Shouwen Yu .
. Statics of Rigid Bodies
Hen-Geul Yeh .
. . Force
. . Addition of Concurrent Forces in Space
and Equilibrium of a Particle .
. . Moment and Couple .
. . Equilibrium Conditions
. . Truss Structures
. . Distributed Forces .
Detailed Cont. Detailed Contents
. . Friction .
. . Principle of Virtual Work
. Dynamics
Hsien-Yang Yeh
. . Motion of a Particle .
. . Planar Motion, Trajectories .
. . Polar Coordinates
. . Motion of Rigid Bodies (Moving Reference Frames)
. . Planar Motion of a Rigid Body
. . General Case of Motion .
. . Dynamics .
. . Straight-Line Motion of Particles and Rigid Bodies .
. . Dynamics of Systems of Particles .
. . Momentum Equation
. . D’Alembert’s Principle, Constrained Motion .
. . Lagrange’s Equations
. . Dynamics of Rigid Bodies .
. . Planar Motion of a Rigid Body
. . General Case of Planar Motion .
. . Rotation About a Fixed Axis
. . Lagrange’s Equations of Motion for Linear Systems
References
Part B Applications in Mechanical Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering
Jens Freudenberger, Joachim Göllner, Martin Heilmaier, Gerhard Mook,
Holger Saage, Vivek Srivastava, Ulrich Wendt
. Atomic Structure and Microstructure
Martin Heilmaier .
. . Atomic Order in Solid State .
. . Microstructure .
. . Atomic Movement in Materials .
. . Transformation into Solid State
. . Binary Phase Diagrams
. Microstructure Characterization
Ulrich Wendt
. . Basics .
. . Crystal Structure by X-ray Diffraction
. . Materialography .
. Mechanical Properties
Vivek Srivastava
. . Framework .
. . Quasistatic Mechanical Properties
. . Dynamic Mechanical Properties
Detailed Cont.Detailed Contents
. Physical Properties
Martin Heilmaier .
. . Electrical Properties .
. . Thermal Properties
. Nondestructive Inspection (NDI)
Gerhard Mook
. . Principle of Nondestructive Inspection
. . Acoustic Methods
. . Potential Drop Method
. . Magnetic Methods .
. . Electromagnetic Methods .
. . Thermography .
. . Optical Methods .
. . Radiation Methods
. . Health Monitoring .
. Corrosion
Joachim Göllner
. . Background
. . Electrochemical Corrosion .
. . Corrosion (Chemical) .
. Materials in Mechanical Engineering
Ulrich Wendt
. . Iron-Based Materials
. . Aluminum and Its Alloys
. . Magnesium and Its Alloys .
. . Titanium and Its Alloys
. . Ni and Its Alloys
. . Co and Its Alloys .
. . Copper and Its Alloys
. . Polymers
. . Glass and Ceramics
. . Composite Materials .
References
Thermodynamics
Frank Dammel, Jay M. Ochterbeck, Peter Stephan
. Scope of Thermodynamics. Definitions .
. . Systems, System Boundaries, Surroundings .
. . Description of States, Properties,
and Thermodynamic Processes .
. Temperatures. Equilibria
Jay M. Ochterbeck
. . Thermal Equilibrium .
. . Zeroth Law and Empirical Temperature
. . Temperature Scales
Detailed Cont. Detailed Contents
. First Law of Thermodynamics
Frank Dammel
. . General Formulation
. . The Different Forms of Energy and Energy Transfer .
. . Application to Closed Systems
. . Application to Open Systems .
. Second Law of Thermodynamics
. . The Principle of Irreversibility
. . General Formulation
. . Special Formulations
. Exergy and Anergy
. . Exergy of a Closed System .
. . Exergy of an Open System .
. . Exergy and Heat Transfer .
. . Anergy
. . Exergy Losses .
. Thermodynamics of Substances .
. . Thermal Properties of Gases and Vapors .
. . Caloric Properties of Gases and Vapors
. . Incompressible Fluids .
. . Solid Materials .
. . Mixing Temperature. Measurement of Specific Heats
. Changes of State of Gases and Vapors
. . Change of State of Gases and Vapors in Closed Systems
. . Changes of State of Flowing Gases and Vapors
. Thermodynamic Processes .
. . Combustion Processes .
. . Internal Combustion Cycles .
. . Cyclic Processes, Principles
. . Thermal Power Cycles .
. . Refrigeration Cycles and Heat Pumps
. . Combined Power and Heat Generation (Co-Generation) .
. Ideal Gas Mixtures
. . Mixtures of Gas and Vapor. Humid Air .
. Heat Transfer .
. . Steady-State Heat Conduction
. . Heat Transfer and Heat Transmission
. . Transient Heat Conduction
. . Heat Transfer by Convection
. . Radiative Heat Transfer .
References
Tribology
Ludger Deters
. Tribology
. . Tribotechnical System .
. . Friction .
Detailed Cont.Detailed Contents
. . Wear
. . Fundamentals of Lubrication .
. . Lubricants
References
Design of Machine Elements
Oleg P. Lelikov
. Mechanical Drives
. . Contact Stresses
. . Nature and Causes of Failure Under the Influence
of Contact Stresses .
. Gearings .
. . Basics .
. . Accuracy of Gearings
. . Gear Wheel Materials
. . The Nature and Causes of Gearing Failures
. . Choice of Permissible Contact Stresses
Under Constant Loading Conditions
. . Choice of Permissible Bending Stresses
Under Constant Loading Conditions
. . Choice of Permissible Stresses
Under Varying Loading Conditions .
. . Typical Loading Conditions .
. . Criteria for Gearing Efficiency .
. . Calculated Load
. Cylindrical Gearings
. . Toothing Forces of Cylindrical Gearings
. . Contact Strength Analysis of Straight Cylindrical Gearings .
. . Bending Strength Calculation of Cylindrical Gearing Teeth
. . Geometry and Working Condition Features
of Helical Gearings
. . The Concept of the Equivalent Wheel
. . Strength Analysis Features of Helical Gearings
. . The Projection Calculation of Cylindrical Gearings
. Bevel Gearings
. . Basic Considerations
. . The Axial Tooth Form
. . Basic Geometric Proportions
. . Equivalent Cylindrical Wheels
. . Toothing Forces
. . Contact Strength Analysis of Bevel Gearings
. . Calculation of the Bending Strength
of Bevel Gearing Teeth
. . Projection Calculation for Bevel Gearings .
. Worm Gearings .
. . Background
. . Geometry of Worm Gearings
Detailed Cont. Detailed Contents
. . The Kinematics of Worm Gearings
. . Slip in Worm Gearings .
. . The Efficiency Factor of Worm Gearings
. . Toothing Forces
. . Stiffness Testing of Worms
. . Materials for Worms and Worm-Wheel Rings .
. . The Nature and Causes of Failure of Worm Gearings .
. . Contact Strength Analysis and Seizing Prevention
. . Bending Strength Calculation for Wheel Teeth
. . Choice of Permissible Stresses
. . Thermal Design
. . Projection Calculation for Worm Gearings .
. Design of Gear Wheels, Worm Wheels, and Worms
. . Spur Gears with External Toothing .
. . Spur Gears with Internal Toothing .
. . Gear Clusters .
. . Bevel Wheels .
. . Gear Shafts .
. . Worm Wheels
. . Worms
. . Design Drawings of Gear and Worm Wheels: The Worm
. . Lubrication of Tooth and Worm Gears .
. Planetary Gears .
. . Introduction
. . Gear Ratio
. . Planetary Gear Layouts
. . Torques of the Main Units
. . Toothing Forces
. . Number Matching of Wheel Teeth
. . Strength Analysis of Planetary Gears .
. . Design of Planetary Gears .
. Wave Gears .
. . Arrangement and Operation Principles of Wave Gears .
. . Gear Ratio of Wave Gears .
. . Radial Deformation and the Transmission Ratio
. . The Nature and Causes of Failure of Wave Gear Details .
. . Fatigue Strength Calculation of Flexible Wheels
. . Design of Wave Gears .
. . Thermal Conditions and Lubrication of Wave Gears
. . Structure Examples of Harmonic Reducers
. Shafts and Axles
. . Introduction
. . Means of Load Transfer on Shafts
. . Efficiency Criteria for Shafts and Axles .
. . Projection Calculation of Shafts
Detailed Cont.Detailed Contents
. . Checking Calculation of Shafts
. . Shaft Design
. . Drafting of the Shaft Working Drawing
. Shaft–Hub Connections
. . Key Joints .
. . Spline Connections
. . Pressure Coupling
. . Frictional Connections with Conic Tightening Rings
. Rolling Bearings
. . Introduction
. . Classifications of Rolling Bearings
. . Main Types of Bearings
. . Functions of the Main Bearing Components
. . Materials of Bearing Components
. . Nomenclature
. . The Nature and Causes of Failure of Rolling Bearings .
. . Static Load Rating of Bearings
. . Lifetime Testing of Rolling Bearings
. . Design Dynamic Load Rating of Bearings
. . Design Lifetime of Bearings .
. . The Choice of Bearing Classes
and Their Installation Diagrams
. . Determination of Forces Loading Bearings
. . Choice and Calculation of Rolling Bearings
. . Fits of Bearing Races
. Design of Bearing Units
. . Clearances and Preloads in Bearings and Adjustment
of Bearings .
. . Principal Recommendations Concerning Design, Assembly,
and Diagnostics of Bearing Units .
. . Design of Bearing Units .
. . Design of Shaft Supports of Bevel Pinions .
. . Support Design of Worm Shafts .
. . Supports for Floating Shafts
. . Supports for Coaxial Shafts .
. . Lubrication of Bearings .
. . Position of the Adjacent with Bearing Components:
Drawing of the Interior Structure
.A Appendix A
.B Appendix B
References
Detailed Cont. Detailed Contents
Manufacturing Engineering
Thomas Böllinghaus, Gerry Byrne, Boris Ilich Cherpakov (deceased),
Edward Chlebus, Carl E. Cross, Berend Denkena, Ulrich Dilthey,
Takeshi Hatsuzawa, Klaus Herfurth, Horst Herold (deceased),
Andrew Kaldos, Thomas Kannengiesser, Michail Karpenko,
Bernhard Karpuschewski, Manuel Marya, Surendar K. Marya,
Klaus-Jürgen Matthes, Klaus Middeldorf, Joao Fernando G. Oliveira,
Jörg Pieschel, Didier M. Priem, Frank Riedel, Markus Schleser,
A. Erman Tekkaya, Marcel Todtermuschke, Anatole Vereschaka,
Detlef von Hofe, Nikolaus Wagner, Johannes Wodara, Klaus Woeste
. Casting
Klaus Herfurth
. . The Manufacturing Process .
. . The Foundry Industry
. . Cast Alloys
. . Primary Shaping .
. . Shaping of Metals by Casting .
. . Guidelines for Design .
. . Preparatory and Finishing Operations .
. Metal Forming
A. Erman Tekkaya
. . Introduction
. . Metallurgical Fundamentals
. . Theoretical Foundations
. . Bulk Forming Processes .
. . Sheet Forming Processes
. . Forming Machines .
. Machining Processes .
. . Cutting
Anatole Vereschaka
. . Machining with Geometrically Nondefined Tool Edges
Anatole Vereschaka
. . Nonconventional Machining Processes
Joao Fernando G. Oliveira
. Assembly, Disassembly, Joining Techniques .
. . Trends in Joining – Value Added by Welding
Detlef von Hofe
. . Trends in Laser Beam Machining
Jörg Pieschel .
. . Electron Beam
Klaus Woeste .
. . Hybrid Welding
Nikolaus Wagner
. . Joining by Forming
Marcel Todtermuschke
. . Micro Joining Processes
Johannes Wodara .
Detailed Cont.Detailed Contents
. . Microbonding
Markus Schleser
. . Modern Joining Technology – Weld Simulation
Thomas Kannengiesser
. . Fundamentals of Magnetic Pulse Welding
for the Fabrication of Dissimilar Material Structures
Didier M. Priem
. Rapid Prototyping and Advanced Manufacturing
Edward Chlebus
. . Product Life Cycle
. . Rapid Prototyping Technologies
. . Reverse Engineering Technologies .
. . Rapid Tooling Technologies .
. Precision Machinery Using MEMS Technology
Takeshi Hatsuzawa .
. . Electrostatic-Driven Optical Display Device
. . Design of the Device .
. . Evanescent Coupling Switching Device
References
Measuring and Quality Control
Norge I. Coello Machado, Shuichi Sakamoto, Steffen Wengler, Lutz Wisweh
. Quality Management
Lutz Wisweh
. . Quality and Quality Management
. . Quality Management Methods
. . Quality Management Systems
. . CE Sign
. Manufacturing Measurement Technology
Steffen Wengler .
. . Introduction
. . Arrangement in the Manufacturing Process .
. . Specifications on the Drawing
. . Gauging
. . Application of Measuring Devices
. . Coordinate Measurements
. . Surface Metrology
. . Form and Position Measuring
. . Laser Measuring Technology
. Measuring Uncertainty and Traceability
. Inspection Planning
. Further Reading
Detailed Cont. Detailed Contents
Engineering Design
Alois Breiing, Frank Engelmann, Timothy Gutowski
. Design Theory
Frank Engelmann
. . Product Planning Phase .
. . The Development of Technical Products .
. . Construction Methods .
. Basics
Frank Engelmann
. Precisely Defining the Task
Frank Engelmann
. . Task .
. . Functional Description
. . Requirements List .
. Conceptual Design
Frank Engelmann
. Design
Timothy Gutowski
. . Identify Requirements that Determine the Design
and Clarify the Spatial Conditions
. . Structuring and Rough Design
of the Main Functional Elements Determining the Design
and Selection of Suitable Designs
. . Detailed Design of the Main
and Secondary Functional Elements .
. . Evaluation According to the Technical and Economic
Criteria and Specification of the Preliminary Overall Design
. . Subsequent Consideration, Error Analysis,
and Improvement .
. Design and Manufacturing for the Environment
Alois Breiing
. . Life Cycle Format for Product Evaluation
. . Life Cycle Stages for a Product
. . Product Examples: Automobiles and Computers
. . Design for the Environment (DFE)
. . System-Level Observations .
. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis for Capital Goods .
. . General Innovations for the Application of FMEA .
. . General Rules to Carry Out FMEA
. . Procedure
. . Further Use of FMEA Results .
References
Detailed Cont.Detailed Contents
Piston Machines
Vince Piacenti, Helmut Tschoeke, Jon H. Van Gerpen
. Foundations of Piston Machines
. . Definitions .
. . Ideal and Real Piston Machines
. . Reciprocating Machines .
. . Selected Elements of Reciprocating Machines .
. Positive Displacement Pumps .
. . Types and Applications
. . Basic Design Parameters
. . Components and Construction
of Positive Displacement Pumps .
. Compressors
. . Cycle Description .
. . Multi-Staging
. . Design Factors
. Internal Combustion Engines
Vince Piacenti .
. . Basic Engine Types .
. . Performance Parameters
. . Air Systems .
. . Fuel Systems .
. . Ignition Systems .
. . Mixture Formation and Combustion Processes
. . Fuels
. . Emissions .
. . Selected Examples of Combustion Engines
References
Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers
Ajay Mathur
. Pressure Vessel – General Design Concepts
. . Thin-Shell Pressure Vessel
. . Thick-Walled Pressure Vessel .
. . Heads .
. . Conical Heads
. . Nozzles .
. . Flanges .
. . Loadings
. . External Local Loads .
. . Fatigue Analysis
. Design of Tall Towers .
. . Combination of Design Loads .
. . Wind-Induced Deflection .
. . Wind-Induced Vibrations .
Detailed Cont. Detailed Contents
. Testing Requirement .
. . Nondestructive Testing (NDT) .
. . Destructive Testing of Welds
. Design Codes for Pressure Vessels .
. . ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code .
. . PED Directive and Harmonized Standard EN
. . PD .
. . AD Merkblätter .
. Heat Exchangers
. Material of Construction .
. . Carbon Steel
. . Low-Alloy Steel
. . NACE standards
. . Comparative Standards for Steel .
. . Stainless Steel
. . Ferritic and Martensitic Steels
. . Copper and Nickel Base Alloys
References
Turbomachinery
Meinhard T. Schobeiri
. Theory of Turbomachinery Stages .
. . Energy Transfer in Turbomachinery Stages
. . Energy Transfer in Relative Systems
. . General Treatment of Turbine and Compressor Stages .
. . Dimensionless Stage Parameters .
. . Relation Between Degree of Reaction and Blade Height
for a Normal Stage Using Simple Radial Equilibrium .
. . Effect of Degree of Reaction on the Stage Configuration .
. . Effect of the Stage Load Coefficient on Stage Power
. . Unified Description of a Turbomachinery Stage .
. . Special Cases .
. . Increase of Stage Load Coefficient: Discussion
. Gas Turbine Engines: Design and Dynamic Performance
. . Gas Turbine Processes, Steady Design Operation
. . Nonlinear Gas Turbine Dynamic Simulation .
. . Engine Components, Modular Concept,
and Module Identification
. . Levels of Gas Turbine Engine Simulations, Cross Coupling .
. . Nonlinear Dynamic Simulation Case Studies
. . New Generation Gas Turbines,
Detailed Efficiency Calculation .
References
Detailed Cont.Detailed Contents
Transport Systems
Gritt Ahrens, Torsten Dellmann, Stefan Gies, Markus Hecht, Hamid Hefazi,
Rolf Henke, Stefan Pischinger, Roger Schaufele, Oliver Tegel
. Overview
Stefan Pischinger .
. . Road Transport – Vehicle Technology and Development .
. . Aerospace – Technology and Development .
. . Rail Transport – Rail Technology and Development
. Automotive Engineering
Oliver Tegel
. . Overview .
. . Automotive Technology .
. . Car Development Processes .
. . Methods for Car Development
. Railway Systems – Railway Engineering
Markus Hecht .
. . General Interactions of Modules of a Railway System
with Surrounding Conditions .
. . Track
. . Running Gears .
. . Superstructures
. . Vehicles .
. . Coupling Systems
. . Safety .
. . Air Conditioning .
. Aerospace Engineering
Roger Schaufele
. . Aerospace Industry
. . Aircraft
. . Spacecraft
. . Definitions .
. . Flight Performance Equations
. . Airplane Aerodynamic Characteristics
. . Airplane General Arrangements
. . Weights .
. . Aircraft Performance
. . Stability and Control .
. . Loads .
. . Airplane Structure .
. . Airplane Maintenance Checks
References
Detailed Cont. Detailed Contents
Construction Machinery
Eugeniusz Budny, Mirosław Chłosta, Henning Jürgen Meyer,
Mirosław J. Skibniewski .
. Basics
Mirosław J. Skibniewski
. . Role of Machines in Construction Work Execution
. . Development of Construction Machinery –
Historical Outline
. . Classification of Construction Machinery
. Earthmoving, Road Construction, and Farming Equipment
Henning Jürgen Meyer .
. . Soil Science and Driving Mechanics
. . Tyres
. . Earthmoving Machinery .
. . Road Construction Machinery .
. . Farming Equipment .
. Machinery for Concrete Works
Mirosław J. Skibniewski
. . Concrete Mixing Plants
. . Concrete Mixers
. . Truck Concrete Mixers .
. . Concrete Pumps
. . Concrete Spraying Machines
. . Internal Vibrators for Concrete .
. . Vibrating Beams .
. . Floating Machines for Concrete .
. . Equipment for Vacuum Treatment of Concrete
. Site Lifts
Mirosław J. Skibniewski
. . Material and Equipment Lifts .
. . Material and Equipment Lifts with Access to Personnel
. Access Machinery and Equipment
Mirosław J. Skibniewski
. . Static Scaffolds .
. . Elevating Work Platforms .
. . Hanging Scaffolds .
. Cranes
Mirosław J. Skibniewski
. . Mobile Cranes
. . Small Capacity Portable Cranes, Gantries, and Winches
. . Tower Cranes .
. Equipment for Finishing Work
Mirosław J. Skibniewski
. . Equipment for Roofwork
. . Equipment for Plaster Work
. . Equipment for Facing Work .
Detailed Cont.Detailed Contents
. . Floor Work
. . Equipment for Painting Work .
. Automation and Robotics in Construction
Mirosław J. Skibniewski
. . Automation of Earthwork .
. . Automation of Concrete Work
. . Automation of Masonry Work .
. . Automation of Cranes .
. . Automation of Materials Handling and Elements
Mounting by Mini-Cranes and Lightweight Manipulators .
. . Automation of Construction Welding Work
. . Automation of Finishing Work
. . Automated Building Construction Systems for Highand Medium-Rise Buildings
. . Automation and Robotics in Road Work, Tunneling,
Demolition Work, Assessing the Technical Condition
of Buildings, and Service-Maintenance Activities
References
Enterprise Organization and Operation
Francesco Costanzo, Yuichi Kanda, Toshiaki Kimura, Hermann Kühnle,
Bruno Lisanti, Jagjit Singh Srai, Klaus-Dieter Thoben, Bernd Wilhelm,
Patrick M. Williams
. Overview
Hermann Kühnle .
. Organizational Structures
Hermann Kühnle .
. . Introduction
. . Enterprise: Main Functions .
. . Organization and Tasks .
. . Classical Forms of Organization .
. Process Organization, Capabilities, and Supply Networks
Jagjit Singh Srai
. . The Capability Concept
. . Extending the Capability Concept to Processes
and Supply Networks
. . Application Perspectives and Maturity Models
. . Operational Process-Based Capabilities .
. . The Supply Network Capability Map
. Modeling and Data Structures
Hermann Kühnle .
. . Introduction
. . Definitions .
Detailed Cont. Detailed Contents
. . Guidelines of Modeling (GoM)
. . Important Models and Methods
. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Hermann Kühnle .
. . Resources and Processes
. . Functionalities of ERP Systems .
. . ERP Procedures .
. . Conclusions and Outlook
. Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)
Toshiaki Kimura
. . Information-Interoperable Environment (IIE) .
. . Development of Prototype Application Systems .
. Advanced Organization Concepts
Bernd Wilhelm
. . Lean Production .
. . Agile Manufacturing .
. . Bionic Manufacturing .
. . Holonic Manufacturing Systems
. . The Fractal Company
. . Summary .
. Interorganizational Structures
Patrick M. Williams .
. . Cooperation
. . Alliances
. . Networks .
. . Supply Chain .
. . Virtual Organizations
. . Extended Enterprise .
. . Virtual Enterprise
. Organization and Communication
Hermann Kühnle .
. . Terms, Definitions, and Models
. . Challenges Concerning the Internal Embodiment
of Communication Processes .
. . Methods of Embodiment, Organization Models,
and the Management of Communication .
. . Conclusions and Outlook
. Enterprise Collaboration and Logistics
Klaus-Dieter Thoben .
. . Dimensions of Enterprise Networks
. . Analysis of Enterprise Collaborations
References
Detailed Cont.Detailed Contents
Part C Complementary Material for Mechanical Engineers
Power Generation
Dwarkadas Kothari, P.M.V. Subbarao
. Principles of Energy Supply
. . Planning and Investments
. . Economics of Gas
. . Economics of Electricity .
. . Economics of Remote Heating
. Primary Energies
. Fuels .
. . Solid Fuels
. . Liquid Fuels
. . Gaseous Fuels
. . Nuclear Fuels .
. . Regenerative Energies .
. Transformation of Primary Energy into Useful Energy .
. Various Energy Systems and Their Conversion .
. . Generation of Electrical Energy .
. . Steam Power Cycle .
. . Process of the Rankine Cycle
. Direct Combustion System .
. . Open-Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant
. Internal Combustion Engines
. Fuel Cells
. Nuclear Power Stations
. . Basic Principles of Nuclear Energy
. . Types of Nuclear Power Plants
. Combined Power Station .
. . Thermodynamic Analysis of the Combined Cycle System .
. Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) System
. . Introduction
. . Environmental Benefits .
. . Efficiency Benefits .
. . The Science of Coal Gasification
. . Chemical Reactions
. . Optimal Coal Gasifiers .
. . Classification of Gasifiers
. . E-GAS Entrained Flow .
. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Power Generation
. . Principle of MHD .
. . General Characteristics
. . The Production of Plasma .
. . Thermal Ionization
. . Nonequilibrium Ionization .
. . MHD Steam Power Plant
Detailed Cont. Detailed Contents
. Total-Energy Systems for Heat and Power Generation
. . Cogeneration .
. Transformation of Regenerative Energies
. . Wind Energy Power Plant .
. Solar Power Stations .
. . Significant Features of Solar Energy
. . Solar Cells or Photovoltaic Cells .
. . Solar Pond
. . Solar Chimney
. . Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Power System .
. Heat Pump
. Energy Storage and Distribution
. . Pumped Hydro Power .
. . Compressed Air Energy Storage .
. . Energy Storage by Flywheels
. . Electrochemical Energy Storage
. . Thermal Energy Storage .
. . Secondary Batteries .
. Furnaces .
. . Combustion
. . Ideal Combustion
. . Theoretical Dry Air–Fuel Ratio
. . Theoretical Wet-Air–Fuel Ratio .
. . Pressure Conditions .
. . Emission
. . Particulate Emissions
. . Nitrogen Oxide Emission
. . Thermal NOx
. . Fuel NOx .
. . Sulfur Dioxide Emission
. . Solid-Fuel Furnaces
. . Stokers and Grates .
. . Pulverized-Fuel Furnaces
. . Dry-Bottom Furnace .
. . Wet-Bottom Furnace .
. Fluidized-Bed Combustion System
. . Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Combustion
. . Circulating Fluidized-Bed Combustion .
. Liquid-Fuel Furnace
. . Special Characteristics .
. Burners
. . Various Types of Burners
. . Liquid-Fuel Burners .
. . Gun-Type Burners (Pressure Gun)
. . Pot-Type Burners
Detailed Cont.Detailed Contents
. General Furnace Accessories .
. . Fans .
. . Forced Draft Fan .
. . Induced Draft Fan .
. . Balanced Draft (BD)
. . Primary Air Fans .
. . Stacks .
. . Natural Draft .
. . Artificial Draught
. . Forced Draught
. . Induced Draught .
. . Balanced Draught
. Environmental Control Technology .
. . Particulate Emission Control
. . Electrostatic Precipitators .
. . Fabric Filters .
. . Pulse Jet Fabric Filters .
. . Shake-Deflate Filters
. . Reverse-Air Fabric Filter
. . Mechanical Collectors .
. . NOx Control .
. Steam Generators
. . Types of Steam Generators
. . Boiler Safety
. . Boiler Water Treatment .
. . Shell-Type Steam Generator
. . Natural Circulation Boiler .
. . Forced Circulation Boiler
. . Boiling Water Reactors
. Parts and Components of Steam Generator
. . Superheaters .
. . Radiant Superheater
. . Convective Heat Transfer
. . Pendent Superheater
. . Platen Superheater
. . Reheaters .
. . Economizers
. . Feedwater Heaters .
. . Air Preheaters
. . Recuperative Air Preheater
. . Rotary or Regenerative Air Preheater .
. Energy Balance Analysis of a Furnace/Combustion System .
. . Performance Analysis of a Furnace .
. . Analysis .
. . First Law Analysis of Combustion .
. . Boiler Fuel Consumption and Efficiency Calculation
. . Various Energy Losses in a Steam Generator
Detailed Cont. Detailed Contents
. Performance of Steam Generator .
. . Boiler Efficiency
. Furnace Design .
. . Heat Release Rate per Unit Volume qv .
. . Heat Release Rate per Unit Wall Area of the Burner Region
. . Heat Release Rate per Unit Cross-Sectional Area .
. . Furnace Exit Gas Temperature
. . Example Problem
. Strength Calculations .
. . Mathematical Formulae for Stress
. . Stress Analysis Methods .
. . Design Pressure and Temperature
. Heat Transfer Calculation
. . Heat Exchangers .
. . Flow Resistance
. Nuclear Reactors
. . Components of a Nuclear Reactor
. . Types of Reactors
. Future Prospects and Conclusion
References
Electrical Engineering
Seddik Bacha, Jaime De La Ree, Chris Oliver Heyde, Andreas Lindemann,
Antje G. Orths, Zbigniew A. Styczynski, Jacek G. Wankowicz
. Fundamentals
Jacek G. Wankowicz
. . Electric Field Basics
. . Electric Circuits .
. . Alternating Current (AC) Engineering .
. . Networks .
. . Materials and Components .
. Transformers
Zbigniew A. Styczynski .
. . Single-Phase Transformers .
. . Instrument Transformers
. . Three-Phase Transformers
. Rotating Electrical Machines
Jaime De La Ree
. . General Information
. . Induction Machines .
. . Synchronous Machines
. . Direct-Current Machines
. . Fractional-Horsepower Motors .
. Power Electronics
Andreas Lindemann
. . Basics of Power Electronics .
. . Basic Self-Commutated Circuits
Detailed Cont.Detailed Contents
. . Basic Circuits with External Commutation .
. . Design Considerations .
. Electric Drives .
. . General Information
. . Direct-Current Machine Drives
. . Three-Phase Drives
. Electric Power Transmission and Distribution
Antje G. Orths .
. . General Information
. . Cables and Lines .
. . Switchgear .
. . System Protection .
. . Energy Storage .
. . Electric Energy from Renewable Energy Sources
. . Power Quality
. Electric Heating
Zbigniew A. Styczynski .
. . Resistance Heating
. . Electric Arc Heating
. . Induction Heating .
. . Dielectric Heating
References
General Tables
Stanley Baksi
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
Detailed Contents
Subject Index
Detailed Cont.
Subject Index
-D laser cutting
-D printing ( DP) ,
-D surface structure
A
Abbe comparator principle
abrading process
abrasion
abrasive waterjet machining (AWJ)

absorption ,
AC Controller
accessibility
accuracy parameter
accurate clear epoxy solid (ACES)

ACES injection molding (AIM)
acoustic emission analysis
acoustic testing
Acousto-ultrasonic interrogation

acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)

AD Merkblätter
added value
additive
adhesion
ADI (austempered cast iron)
adjoint matrix
adjustment, space
adsorption of lubricants
advanced driver-assistance system
(ADAS)
advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR)

advanced legal issues in virtual
enterprise (ALIVE)
affinity diagram
age hardening
air cycle machine
air transport system (ATS)
aircraft
algebraic multiplicity
alignment measuring system
allowance
aluminum ,
– nitride (AlN)
– oxide (Al O )
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) ,
amorphous solid
analytic
anisotropy
anisotropy coefficient
– planar
apparent contact area
application programming interface
(API)
aquadraw process
architecture of integrated information
systems (ARIS)
area reduction
– allowable
argon
Arrhenius law
arrow diagram
articulated steering
artificial dilatation
ASME, PD & AD code
aspect ratio
assembly
assessment, online
augmented matrix
austempered ductile iron (ADI)
autocentering
autofocus sensor
autoignition
automated building construction
system (ABCS) ,
automatic cutter control system
(ACCS)
automatic tool change (ATC)
axial turbine ,
axially moving screw drive
axle pivot steering
B
backscattered electron (BSE)
ballistic particle manufacturing
(BPM)
ball–wedge bonding
base body
basis ,
bath, molten
Bauschinger effect
beam , ,
beam diameter
beam machining (BM)
beam penetration
beam penetration welding
beam splitter
belt track, rubber
bendability
bending
– by buckling
– roll
– strain
Bessel point
best-fit
biased ply construction
bill of materials (BOM) ,
bill of operation (BOO) ,
Bingham fluid
Bingham paste
biodegradable oil
bionic manufacturing system (BMS)

blade kinematics
blank holder
– pressure
blended wing body (BWB)
blind hole
– groove
block construction
block definition diagram (bdd)

block diagram
block-diagonal matrix
block-triangular matrix
body in white (BiW)
body-centered cubic (bcc)
body-centered tetragonal (bct)
boiling water reactor (BWR)
bonding
– thermocompression
– thermosonic
– ultrasonic
– wedge–wedge
– wire
boost chopper
boring
boron carbide (B C)
boron nitride (BN) , , ,
, , ,
bottom dead center (BDC) ,
,
bottoming cycle
Boudouard reaction
boundary
– conditions
– friction layer
Subject Index Subject Index
– layer
– lubrication
– value problem (BVP)
Bragg grating
brake
– power
– specific fuel consumption
– thermal efficiency
brass
Bravais lattice
Brayton cycle, regenerative
break mean effective pressure
(BMEP)
break-in
Brinell hardness (BHN) ,
bronze ,
buck chopper
– DC–DC converter
buckling
– bending by
– limit
built-to-order supply chain (BOSC)

bulk forming
Burgers vector
bursting
business
– integrator
– process reengineering (BPR)

byproducts
C
CAD/CAM environment
calibrated airspeed (CAS)

calibrating laboratory
calibration
– standard
camber
camshaft
CANDU reactor
capacity heat
capillary steam tube
car body
car development process (CDP)
,
carbon steel
carburation
cartels
Cartesian coordinate system
,
cast metallurgy
casting, vacuum (VC)
catalyst, three-way
Cauchy
– Riemann equations
– stress
cause–effect diagram
cavity geometry
cell pump
center pendulum pivot steering

ceramics ,
– refractory
ceramics, nonoxide
chain measuring
chain polymerization
chamber, combustion ,
characteristic equation ,
characteristic polynomial
characteristic value ,
characteristic vector
charge motion control valve (CMCV)

charpy V-notch (CVN)
chatter mark
checklist
chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
, ,
chemical-mechanical planarization
(CMP)
chemisorption ,
chevron crack
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)

circuit, electric
circular cutting method
circulation piston machine
circumferential velocity ratio
circumscribed circle ,
closed-die forging
– force–displacement characteristics

CNC (computerised numerical
control)
CO laser ,
coating
cobalt
Coble creep
cofactor
cogging
coherency strain
coil ignition
cold forging
– tool-setup
cold milling machine ,
cold upsetting
collaboration , ,
collaborative manufacturing system

collaborative planning, forecasting,
and replenishment (CPFR)
collimation
column vector
columnar-to-equiaxed transition
(CET)
columns
combined Brayton–Rankine cycle

combustion
– chamber , ,
– chamber, low-pressure (LPCC)

– engine ,
– process
combustion engine
commercial transport
common-rail (CR)
communication
compacted graphite iron (CGI)
compaction process
company strategy
comparative vacuum monitoring

compensating calculation
compensation method
competence trust
complex
– function
– number
– plane
– variable
composite material
compressed air energy storage
(CAES) ,
compressed natural gas (CNG)
compression
– ignition engine
– pump
– test
compression ignited (CI)
compressor , , ,
– efficiency
– stage
computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
,
computed tomography (CT)
computer numerical control (CNC)

computer-aided
– design (CAD) ,
– manufacturing (CAM)
– manufacturing of laminated
engineering material (CAM-LEM)

– planning (CAP)
Subject IndexSubject Index
– process planning (CAPP)
– styling (CAS)
computer-integrated manufacturing
(CIM) ,
computer-integrated manufacturing
open system architecture
(CIMOSA)
concentricity
conception methods
concurrent engineering (CE)
condensation chain polymerization

conditions, boundary
conductivity, thermal

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